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Fujiwara K, Murai A. Recent Advances in the Synthesis oftrans-Fused Polycyclic Ethers by Hydroxy-Epoxide-Cyclization and Ether-Ring-Expansion Reactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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52
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Oguri H, Hirama M, Tsumuraya T, Fujii I, Maruyama M, Uehara H, Nagumo Y. Synthesis-based approach toward direct sandwich immunoassay for ciguatoxin CTX3C. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7608-12. [PMID: 12812503 DOI: 10.1021/ja034990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ciguatoxins are the major causative toxins of ciguatera seafood poisoning. Limited availability of ciguatoxins has hampered the development of a reliable and specific immunoassay for detecting these toxins in contaminated fish. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against both ends of ciguatoxin CTX3C were prepared by immunization of mice with protein conjugates of rationally designed synthetic haptens, 3 and 4, in place of the natural toxin. Haptenic groups that possess a surface area larger than 400 A(2) were required to produce mAbs that can bind strongly to CTX3C itself. A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using these mAbs was established to detect CTX3C at the ppb level with no cross-reactivity against other related marine toxins, including brevetoxin A, brevetoxin B, okadaic acid, or maitotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Abstract
The extraordinary chemical diversity seen in the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is especially pronounced in the ubiquitous tropical marine species, Lyngbya majuscula. The gene clusters responsible for the production of some of the secondary metabolites have recently been elucidated. The dinoflagellates, which are lower eukaryotic algae, also demonstrate chemical diversity and produce unique polycyclic ethers of polyketide origin. A new mechanism for the formation of the truncated polyketide backbones has recently been proposed. The toxicogenicity of dinoflagellates of the genus Pfiesteria has been the focus of controversy--are they 'killer organisms', as alleged? A recent investigation of Pfiesteria genes seems to rule out the presence of polyketide synthase, which is the gene responsible for the production of most dinoflagellate toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Shimizu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Houdai T, Matsuoka S, Murata M, Satake M, Ota S, Oshima Y, Rhodes LL. Acetate labeling patterns of dinoflagellate polyketides, amphidinols 2, 3 and 4. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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55
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Ring-selective synthesis of O-heterocycles from acyclic 3-O-allyl-monosaccharides via intramolecular nitrone–alkene cycloaddition. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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56
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Use of the ramberg-Backlund rearrangement for the synthesis of medium and large heterocyclic alkenes: stereoselective olefin formation. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8367-71. [PMID: 11101398 DOI: 10.1021/jo000407m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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57
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Rein KS, Borrone J. Polyketides from dinoflagellates: origins, pharmacology and biosynthesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 124:117-31. [PMID: 10584296 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(99)00107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates, unicellular marine protists, produce some of the largest and most complex polyketides identified to date. The biological activities of these compounds are quite diverse. Compounds having potential therapeutic value as anti-cancer agents as well as deadly neurotoxins, whose production has resulted in severe public health hazards and economic hardships, are represented in this group of secondary metabolites. Stable isotope feeding experiments have firmly established the polyketide origins of representative compounds from each of the three structural classes, the polyether ladders, the macrocycles and the linear polyethers. Yet some unusual labeling patterns have been observed in each class. Pendant methyl groups are most often derived from C-2 of acetate and deletions of C-1 of acetate are common. Studies on the biosynthesis of dinoflagellate derived polyketides at the genomic level have not been reported, in part due to the peculiarities of the dinoflagellate nucleus and the lack of a dinoflagellate transformation system. Nevertheless, a fundamental understanding of the genetics of polyketide biosynthesis by dinoflagellates could be the catalyst for developing several fruitful avenues of research. Dinoflagellate derived polyketides are reviewed with special emphasis on pharmacology and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rein
- Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami 33199, USA.
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58
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Synthesis of sub-units of marine polycyclic ethers by ring-closing metathesis and hydroboration of enol ethers. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Sasaki M, Fuwa H, Inoue M, Tachibana K. New strategy for convergent synthesis of trans-fused polyether frameworks based on palladium-catalyzed suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Occurrence of secondary metabolites in microalgae (protoctista) is discussed with respect to the phylogenic or taxonomic relationships of organisms. Biosynthetic mechanisms of certain metabolites such as paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and polyether toxins are also discussed, and genetic aspects of the secondary metabolite production as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
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63
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Matile S, Berova N, Nakanishi K, Fleischhauer J, Woody RW. Structural Studies by Exciton Coupled Circular Dichroism over a Large Distance: Porphyrin Derivatives of Steroids, Dimeric Steroids, and Brevetoxin B. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960126p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Matile
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
| | - Nina Berova
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
| | - Jörg Fleischhauer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
| | - Robert W. Woody
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870
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Nicolaou KC. Die Totalsynthese von Brevetoxin B – eine zwölf Jahre währende Odyssee in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961080605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crouch RC, Martin GE, Dickey RW, Baden DG, Gawley RE, Rein KS, Mazzola EP. Brevetoxin-3: Total assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra at the submicromole level. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00360-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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66
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Bauer I, Maranda L, Young KA, Shimizu Y, Huang S. The isolation and structures of unusual 1, 4-polyketides from the dinoflagellate, Amphidinium sp. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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67
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Ishida H, Nozawa A, Totoribe K, Muramatsu N, Nukaya H, Tsuji K, Yamaguchi K, Yasumoto T, Kaspar H, Berkett N, Kosuge T. Brevetoxin B1, a new polyether marine toxin from the New Zealand shellfish, Austrovenus stutchburyi. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)02326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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68
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Tanaka S, Isobe M. Enantiomeric synthesis of pyran subunits of marine trans-fused polyether toxins :Epimerization of Alkynyl sugars through cobalt complexes. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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69
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Gawley RE, Rein KS, Kinoshita M, Baden DG. Binding of brevetoxins and ciguatoxin to the voltage-sensitive sodium channel and conformational analysis of brevetoxin B. Toxicon 1992; 30:780-5. [PMID: 1324537 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90014-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The marine toxins known generically as brevetoxins, as well as their structural relative ciguatoxin, are known as polyether ladder toxins, and bind uniquely to site 5 of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. Rat brain synaptosome binding data show similarities in binding affinity for brevetoxins having the same structural (ladder) backbone, but different affinities between brevetoxins having different backbones. Ciguatoxin has a different backbone from the brevetoxins, but binds even more strongly to the same site. Could the flexibility of the backbone be related to their relative toxicities? As part of an effort to identify the common pharmacophore for the toxins, Monte Carlo methods were used to generate conformational models of the polyether ladder toxin brevetoxin B (PbTx-2) which shows significant flexibility at the juncture of the two 7-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Gawley
- Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0431
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Buddrus J, Bauer H. Bestimmung des Kohlenstoffgerüsts organischer Verbindungen durch Doppelquanten-Kohärenz-13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, die INADEQUATE-Pulsfolge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19870990707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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