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Sakellakis M, Yoon SM, Reet J, Chalkias A. Novel insights into voltage-gated ion channels: Translational breakthroughs in medical oncology. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2297605. [PMID: 38154047 PMCID: PMC10761148 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2297605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that voltage gradients can act as a kind of top-down master regulator during embryogenesis and orchestrate downstream molecular-genetic pathways during organ regeneration or repair. Moreover, electrical stimulation shifts response to injury toward regeneration instead of healing or scarring. Cancer and embryogenesis not only share common phenotypical features but also commonly upregulated molecular pathways. Voltage-gated ion channel activity is directly or indirectly linked to the pathogenesis of cancer hallmarks, while experimental and clinical studies suggest that their modulation, e.g., by anesthetic agents, may exert antitumor effects. A large recent clinical trial served as a proof-of-principle for the benefit of preoperative use of topical sodium channel blockade as a potential anticancer strategy against early human breast cancers. Regardless of whether ion channel aberrations are primary or secondary cancer drivers, understanding the functional consequences of these events may guide us toward the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Sung Mi Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Jashan Reet
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Athanasios Chalkias
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J, Jiang S, Wang G, Wan L, Yu J, Jiang M, Wang Y, Hu J, Liu X, Wang Y. Anti-PD-1 treatment protects against seizure by suppressing sodium channel function. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14504. [PMID: 37904722 PMCID: PMC11017438 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) typically serves as a target for immunotherapies, a few recent studies have found that PD-1 is expressed in the nervous system and that neuronal PD-1 might play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability. However, whether brain-localized PD-1 is involved in seizures and epileptogenesis is still unknown and worthy of in-depth exploration. METHODS The existence of PD-1 in human neurons was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and PD-1 expression levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Chemoconvulsants, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and cyclothiazide (CTZ), were applied for the establishment of in vivo (rodents) and in vitro (primary hippocampal neurons) models of seizure, respectively. SHR-1210 (a PD-1 monoclonal antibody) and sodium stibogluconate (SSG, a validated inhibitor of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 [SHP-1]) were administrated to investigate the impact of PD-1 pathway blockade on epileptic behaviors of rodents and epileptiform discharges of neurons. A miRNA strategy was applied to determine the impact of PD-1 knockdown on neuronal excitability. The electrical activities and sodium channel function of neurons were determined by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The interaction between PD-1 and α-6 subunit of human voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.6) was validated by performing co-immunostaining and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. RESULTS Our results reveal that PD-1 protein and mRNA levels were upregulated in lesion cores compared with perifocal tissues of surgically resected specimens from patients with intractable epilepsy. Furthermore, we show that anti-PD-1 treatment has anti-seizure effects both in vivo and in vitro. Then, we reveal that PD-1 blockade can alter the electrophysiological properties of sodium channels. Moreover, we reveal that PD-1 acts together with downstream SHP-1 to regulate sodium channel function and hence neuronal excitability. Further investigation suggests that there is a direct interaction between neuronal PD-1 and Nav1.6. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that neuronal PD-1 plays an important role in epilepsy and that anti-PD-1 treatment protects against seizures by suppressing sodium channel function, identifying anti-PD-1 treatment as a novel therapeutic strategy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Rehabilitation CenterShenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Shize Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Rehabilitation CenterShenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jiangning Yu
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yulong Wang
- Rehabilitation CenterShenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Kwan R, Das P, Gerrebos N, Li J, Wang XY, DeBoer G, Emnacen-Pankhurst V, Lin S, Feng R, Goodchild S, Sojo LE. Development and application of a multiple reaction monitoring method for the simultaneous quantification of sodium channels Na v 1.1, Na v 1.2, and Na v 1.6 in solubilized membrane proteins from stable HEK293 cell lines, rodents, and human brain tissues. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2024; 38:e9672. [PMID: 38211346 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 are transmembrane proteins acting as voltage-gated sodium channels implicated in various forms of epilepsy. There is a need for knowing their actual concentration in target tissues during drug development. METHODS Unique peptides for Nav 1.1, Nav 1.2, and Nav 1.6 were selected as quantotropic peptides for each protein and used for their quantification in membranes from stably transfected HEK293 cells and rodent and human brain samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 protein expressions in three stably individually transfected HEK293 cell lines were found to be 2.1 ± 0.2, 6.4 ± 1.2, and 4.0 ± 0.6 fmol/μg membrane protein, respectively. In brains, Nav 1.2 showed the highest expression, with approximately three times higher (P < 0.003) in rodents than in humans at 3.05 ± 0.57, with 3.35 ± 0.56 in mouse and rat brains and 1.09 ± 0.27 fmol/μg in human brain. Both Nav 1.1 and 1.6 expressions were much lower in the brains, with approximately 40% less expression in human Nav 1.1 than rodent Nav 1.1 at 0.49 ± 0.1 (mouse), 0.43 ± 0.3 (rat), and 0.28 ± 0.04 (humans); whereas Nav 1.6 had approximately 60% less expression in humans than rodents at 0.27 ± 0.09 (mouse), 0.26 ± 0.06 (rat), and 0.11 ± 0.02 (humans) fmol/μg membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS Multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantify sodium channels Nav 1.1, 1.2, and 1.6 expressed in stably transfected HEK293 cells and brain tissues from mice, rats, and humans. We found significant differences in the expression of these channels in mouse, rat, and human brains. Nav expression ranking among the three species was Nav 1.2 ≫ Nav 1.1 > Nav 1.6, with the human brain expressing much lower concentrations overall compared to rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow Kwan
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Prerna Das
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neelan Gerrebos
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny Li
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xin Yin Wang
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gina DeBoer
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond Feng
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Goodchild
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luis E Sojo
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Jouraku A, Tomizawa Y, Watanabe K, Yamada K, Kuwazaki S, Aizawa M, Toda S, Sonoda S. Evolutionary origin and distribution of amino acid mutations associated with resistance to sodium channel modulators in onion thrips, Thrips tabaci. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3792. [PMID: 38360913 PMCID: PMC10869772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In onion thrips Thrips tabaci, reduced sensitivity of the sodium channel caused by several sodium channel mutations have been correlated with pyrethroid resistance. For this study, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences, we examined the phylogenetic relation among a total of 52 thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains with different genotypes of the sodium channel mutations. Then, we used flow cytometry to estimate their ploidy. Results showed that the strains are divisible into three groups: diploid thelytoky, triploid thelytoky, and diploid arrhenotoky. Using 23 whole genome resequencing data obtained from 20 strains out of 52, we examined their genetic relation further using principal component analysis, admixture analysis, and a fixation index. Results showed that diploid and triploid thelytokous groups are further classifiable into two based on the sodium channel mutations harbored by the respective group members (strains). The greatest genetic divergence was observed between thelytokous and arrhenotokous groups with a pair of T929I and K1774N. Nevertheless, they shared a genomic region with virtually no polymorphism around the sodium channel gene loci, suggesting a hard selective sweep. Based on these findings, we discuss the evolutionary origin and distribution of the sodium channel mutations in T. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yui Tomizawa
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamada
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Seigo Kuwazaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Misato Aizawa
- Seisan Regional Agricultural Extension Center, Mitoyo, Kagawa, 769-1503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toda
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2494, Japan
| | - Shoji Sonoda
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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5
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Raman IM. The Hodgkin-Huxley-Katz Prize Lecture: A Markov model with permeation-dependent gating that accounts for resurgent current of voltage-gated Na channels. J Physiol 2023; 601:5147-5164. [PMID: 37837315 PMCID: PMC10913027 DOI: 10.1113/jp285166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurons that fire high-frequency action potentials express specialized voltage-gated Na channel complexes that not only conduct transient current upon depolarization, but also pass resurgent current upon repolarization. The resurgent current is associated with recovery of transient current, even at moderately negative potentials where fast inactivation is usually absorbing. The combined results of many experimental studies have led to the hypothesis that resurgent current flows upon repolarization when an endogenous blocking protein that occludes open channels at depolarized potentials is expelled by inwardly permeating Na ions. Additional observations have suggested that the position of the voltage sensor of domain IV regulates the affinity of the channel for the putative blocker. To test the effectiveness of a kinetic scheme incorporating these features, here we develop and justify a Markov model with states grounded in known Na channel conformations. Simulations were designed to investigate whether including a permeation-dependent unblocking rate constant and two open-blocked states, superimposed on conformations and voltage-sensitive movements present in all voltage-gated Na channels, is sufficient to account for the unusual gating of channels with a resurgent component. Optimizing rate constant parameters against a wide range of experimental data from cerebellar Purkinje cells demonstrates that a kinetic scheme for Na channels incorporating the novel aspects of a permeation-dependent unblock, as well as distinct high- and low-affinity blocked states, reproduces all the attributes of experimentally recorded Na currents in a physiologically plausible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira M Raman
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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6
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Tehrani Fateh S, Bagheri S, Sadeghi H, Salehpour S, Fazeli Bavandpour F, Sadeghi B, Jamshidi S, Tonekaboni SH, Mirfakhraie R, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Extending and outlining the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of novel mutations of NALCN gene in IHPRF1 syndrome: identifying recurrent urinary tract infection. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4491-4498. [PMID: 37452996 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 1 (IHPRF1) is caused by biallelic mutations in the NALCN gene, the major ion channel responsible for the background Na + conduction in neurons. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES), we report three novel homozygous variants in three families, including c.1434 + 1G > A, c.3269G > A, and c.2648G > T, which are confirmed and segregated by Sanger sequencing. Consequently, intron 12's highly conserved splice donor location is disrupted by the pathogenic c.1434 + 1G > A variation, most likely causing the protein to degrade through nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Subsequently, a premature stop codon is thus generated at amino acid 1090 of the protein as a result of the pathogenic c.3269G > A; p.W1090* variation, resulting in NMD or truncated protein production. Lastly, the missense mutation c.2648G > T; p.G883V can play a critical role in the interplay of functional domains. This study introduces recurrent urinary tract infections for the first time, broadening the phenotypic range of IHPRF1 syndrome in addition to the genotypic spectrum. This trait may result from insufficient bladder emptying, which may be related to the NALCN channelosome's function in background Na + conduction. This work advances knowledge about the molecular genetic underpinnings of IHPRF1 and introduces a novel phenotype through the widespread use of whole exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Bagheri
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behnia Sadeghi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Raposo-Garcia S, Cao A, Costas C, Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Botana LM. Mouse N2a Neuroblastoma Assay: Uncertainties and Comparison with Alternative Cell-Based Assays for Ciguatoxin Detection. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:590. [PMID: 37999414 PMCID: PMC10672529 DOI: 10.3390/md21110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing concern about ciguatera fish poisoning (CF) due to the expansion of the microorganisms producing ciguatoxins (CTXs) increased the need to develop a reliable and fast method for ciguatoxin detection to guarantee food safety. Cytotoxicity assay on the N2a cells sensitized with ouabain (O) and veratridine (V) is routinely used in ciguatoxin detection; however, this method has not been standardized yet. This study demonstrated the low availability of sodium channels in the N2a cells, the great O/V damage to the cells and the cell detachment when the cell viability is evaluated by the classical cytotoxicity assay and confirmed the absence of toxic effects caused by CTXs alone when using the methods that do not require medium removal such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Alamar blue assays. Different cell lines were evaluated as alternatives, such as human neuroblastoma, which was not suitable for the CTX detection due to the greater sensitivity to O/V and low availability of sodium channels. However, the HEK293 Nav cell line expressing the α1.6 subunit of sodium channels was sensitive to the ciguatoxin without the sensitization with O/V due to its expression of sodium channels. In the case of sensitizing the cells with O/V, it was possible to detect the presence of the ciguatoxin by the classical cytotoxicity MTT method at concentrations as low as 0.0001 nM CTX3C, providing an alternative cell line for the detection of compounds that act on the sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.R.-G.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.L.); (N.V.)
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.R.-G.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (M.C.L.); (N.V.)
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8
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Wei Y, Shi J, Shi T, Chen X, Li L. Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrodotoxin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Cerebral Organoids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:588. [PMID: 37999412 PMCID: PMC10672545 DOI: 10.3390/md21110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an exceedingly toxic non-protein biotoxin that demonstrates remarkable selectivity and affinity for sodium channels on the excitation membrane of nerves. This property allows TTX to effectively obstruct nerve conduction, resulting in nerve paralysis and fatality. Although the mechanistic aspects of its toxicity are well understood, there is a dearth of literature addressing alterations in the neural microenvironment subsequent to TTX poisoning. In this research endeavor, we harnessed human pluripotent induced stem cells to generate cerebral organoids-an innovative model closely mirroring the structural and functional intricacies of the human brain. This model was employed to scrutinize the comprehensive transcriptomic shifts induced by TTX exposure, thereby delving into the neurotoxic properties of TTX and its potential underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed 455 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 212 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 18 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the TTX-exposed group when juxtaposed with the control cohort. Through meticulous Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, we ascertained that these differential genes predominantly participate in the regulation of voltage-gated channels and synaptic homeostasis. A comprehensive ceRNA network analysis unveiled that DEmRNAs exert control over the expression of ion channels and neurocytokines, suggesting their potential role in mediating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China (J.S.)
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9
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Yoon JY, Greiner AM, Jacobs JS, Kim YR, Rasmussen TP, Kutschke WJ, Matasic DS, Vikram A, Gaddam RR, Mehdi H, Irani K, London B. SUMOylation of the cardiac sodium channel Na V1.5 modifies inward current and cardiac excitability. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:1548-1557. [PMID: 37543305 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased peak sodium current (INa) and increased late sodium current (INa,L), through the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 encoded by SCN5A, cause arrhythmias. Many NaV1.5 posttranslational modifications have been reported. A recent report concluded that acute hypoxia increases INa,L by increasing a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMOylation) at K442-NaV1.5. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether and by what mechanisms SUMOylation alters INa, INa,L, and cardiac electrophysiology. METHODS SUMOylation of NaV1.5 was detected by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. INa was measured by patch clamp with/without SUMO1 overexpression in HEK293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) or K442R-NaV1.5 and in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). SUMOylation effects were studied in vivo by electrocardiograms and ambulatory telemetry using Scn5a heterozygous knockout (SCN5A+/-) mice and the de-SUMOylating protein SENP2 (AAV9-SENP2), AAV9-SUMO1, or the SUMOylation inhibitor anacardic acid. NaV1.5 trafficking was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS NaV1.5 was SUMOylated in HEK293 cells, NRCMs, and human heart tissue. HyperSUMOylation at NaV1.5-K442 increased INa in NRCMs and in HEK cells overexpressing WT but not K442R-Nav1.5. SUMOylation did not alter other channel properties including INa,L. AAV9-SENP2 or anacardic acid decreased INa, prolonged QRS duration, and produced heart block and arrhythmias in SCN5A+/- mice, whereas AAV9-SUMO1 increased INa and shortened QRS duration. SUMO1 overexpression enhanced membrane localization of NaV1.5. CONCLUSION SUMOylation of K442-Nav1.5 increases peak INa without changing INa,L, at least in part by altering membrane abundance. Our findings do not support SUMOylation as a mechanism for changes in INa,L. Nav1.5 SUMOylation may modify arrhythmic risk in disease states and represents a potential target for pharmacologic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Yoon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alexander M Greiner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julia S Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Young-Rae Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Tyler P Rasmussen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William J Kutschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel S Matasic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ravinder R Gaddam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Haider Mehdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, and Heart and Vascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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10
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Cobb-Lewis DE, Sansalone L, Khaliq ZM. Contributions of the Sodium Leak Channel NALCN to Pacemaking of Medial Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6841-6853. [PMID: 37640554 PMCID: PMC10573758 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0930-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the role of the sodium leak channel, NALCN, in pacemaking of dopaminergic neuron (DAN) subpopulations from adult male and female mice. In situ hybridization revealed NALCN RNA in all DANs, with lower abundance in medial ventral tegmental area (VTA) relative to substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Despite lower relative abundance of NALCN, we found that acute pharmacological blockade of NALCN in medial VTA DANs slowed pacemaking by 49.08%. We also examined the electrophysiological properties of projection-defined VTA DAN subpopulations identified by retrograde labeling. Inhibition of NALCN reduced pacemaking in DANs projecting to medial nucleus accumbens (NAc) and others projecting to lateral NAc by 70.74% and 31.98%, respectively, suggesting that NALCN is a primary driver of pacemaking in VTA DANs. In SNc DANs, potentiating NALCN by lowering extracellular calcium concentration speeded pacemaking in wildtype but not NALCN conditional knockout mice, demonstrating functional presence of NALCN. In contrast to VTA DANs, however, pacemaking in SNc DANs was unaffected by inhibition of NALCN. Instead, we found that inhibition of NALCN increased the gain of frequency-current plots at firing frequencies slower than spontaneous firing. Similarly, inhibition of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) conductance increased gain but had little effect on pacemaking. Interestingly, simultaneous inhibition of NALCN and HCN resulted in significant reduction in pacemaker rate. Thus, we found NALCN makes substantial contributions to driving pacemaking in VTA DAN subpopulations. In SNc DANs, NALCN is not critical for pacemaking but inhibition of NALCN makes cells more sensitive to hyperpolarizing stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pacemaking in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DAN) relies on multiple subthreshold conductances, including a sodium leak. Whether the sodium leak channel, NALCN, contributes to pacemaking in DANs located in the VTA and the SNc has not yet been determined. Using electrophysiology and pharmacology, we show that NALCN plays a prominent role in driving pacemaking in projection-defined VTA DAN subpopulations. By contrast, pacemaking in SNc neurons does not rely on NALCN. Instead, the presence of NALCN regulates the excitability of SNc DANs by reducing the gain of the neuron's response to inhibitory stimuli. Together, these findings will inform future efforts to obtain DAN subpopulation-specific treatments for use in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Cobb-Lewis
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Lorenzo Sansalone
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zayd M Khaliq
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Liu F, Dang Y, Li L, Feng H, Li J, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Ye S, Tian Y, Chen Q. Structure and mechanism of a neuropeptide-activated channel in the ENaC/DEG superfamily. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1276-1285. [PMID: 37550431 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide)-activated sodium channels (FaNaCs) are a family of channels activated by the neuropeptide FMRFamide, and, to date, the underlying ligand gating mechanism remains unknown. Here we present the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of Aplysia californica FaNaC in both apo and FMRFamide-bound states. AcFaNaC forms a chalice-shaped trimer and possesses several notable features, including two FaNaC-specific insertion regions, a distinct finger domain and non-domain-swapped transmembrane helix 2 in the transmembrane domain (TMD). One FMRFamide binds to each subunit in a cleft located in the top-most region of the extracellular domain, with participation of residues from the neighboring subunit. Bound FMRFamide adopts an extended conformation. FMRFamide binds tightly to A. californica FaNaC in an N terminus-in manner, which causes collapse of the binding cleft and induces large local conformational rearrangements. Such conformational changes are propagated downward toward the TMD via the palm domain, possibly resulting in outward movement of the TMD and dilation of the ion conduction pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sheng Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yutao Tian
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT) and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Docken SS, Clancy CE, Lewis TJ. Rate-dependent effects of state-specific sodium channel blockers in cardiac tissue: Insights from idealized models. J Theor Biol 2023; 573:111595. [PMID: 37562674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A common side effect of pharmaceutical drugs is an increased propensity for cardiac arrhythmias. Many drugs bind to cardiac ion-channels in a state-specific manner, which alters the ionic conductances in complicated ways, making it difficult to identify the mechanisms underlying pro-arrhythmic drug effects. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the diverse effects of state-dependent sodium (Na+) channel blockers on cellular excitability, we consider two canonical motifs of drug-ion-channel interactions and compare the effects of Na+ channel blockers on the rate-dependence of peak upstroke velocity, conduction velocity, and vulnerable window size. In the literature, both motifs are referred to as "guarded receptor," but here we distinguish between state-specific binding that does not alter channel gating (referred to here as "guarded receptor") and state-specific binding that blocks certain gating transitions ("gate immobilization"). For each drug binding motif, we consider drugs that bind to the inactivated state and drugs that bind to the non-inactivated state of the Na+ channel. Exploiting the idealized nature of the canonical binding motifs, we identify the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects on excitability of the various binding interactions. Specifically, we derive the voltage-dependence of the drug binding time constants and the equilibrium fractions of channels bound to drug, and we then derive a formula that incorporates these time constants and equilibrium fractions to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms. In the case of charged drug, we find that drugs that bind to inactivated channels exhibit greater rate-dependence than drugs that bind to non-inactivated channels. For neutral drugs, the effects of guarded receptor interactions are rate-independent, and we describe a novel mechanism for reverse rate-dependence resulting from neutral drug binding to non-inactivated channels via the gate immobilization motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen S Docken
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Lewis
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Wu L, Wu Y, Liu J, Jiang J, Zhou C, Zhang D. Sodium Leak Channel in Glutamatergic Neurons of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Modulates Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11907. [PMID: 37569281 PMCID: PMC10418977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBL) is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Sodium leak channel (NALCN) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and regulates neuronal excitability. In this study, chemogenetic manipulation was used to explore the association between the activity of PBL glutamatergic neurons and pain thresholds. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used to construct an inflammatory pain model in mice. Pain behaviour was tested using von Frey filaments and Hargreaves tests. Local field potential (LFP) was used to record the activity of PBL glutamatergic neurons. Gene knockdown techniques were used to investigate the role of NALCN in inflammatory pain. We further explored the downstream projections of PBL using cis-trans-synaptic tracer virus. The results showed that chemogenetic inhibition of PBL glutamatergic neurons increased pain thresholds in mice, whereas chemogenetic activation produced the opposite results. CFA plantar modelling increased the number of C-Fos protein and NALCN expression in PBL glutamatergic neurons. Knockdown of NALCN in PBL glutamatergic neurons alleviated CFA-induced pain. CFA injection induced C-Fos protein expression in central nucleus amygdala (CeA) neurons, which was suppressed by NALCN knockdown in PBL glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, elevated expression of NALCN in PBL glutamatergic neurons contributes to the development of inflammatory pain via PBL-CeA projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingyao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Irie K, Oda Y, Sumikama T, Oshima A, Fujiyoshi Y. The structural basis of divalent cation block in a tetrameric prokaryotic sodium channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4236. [PMID: 37454189 PMCID: PMC10349818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent cation block is observed in various tetrameric ion channels. For blocking, a divalent cation is thought to bind in the ion pathway of the channel, but such block has not yet been directly observed. So, the behaviour of these blocking divalent cations remains still uncertain. Here, we elucidated the mechanism of the divalent cation block by reproducing the blocking effect into NavAb, a well-studied tetrameric sodium channel. Our crystal structures of NavAb mutants show that the mutations increasing the hydrophilicity of the inner vestibule of the pore domain enable a divalent cation to stack on the ion pathway. Furthermore, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation showed that the stacking calcium ion repel sodium ion at the bottom of the selectivity filter. These results suggest the primary process of the divalent cation block mechanism in tetrameric cation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Irie
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1, Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan.
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Oda
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Sumikama
- PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, 501-11193, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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15
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Baradaran M, Mahdavinia M, Naderi Soorki M, Jorfi S. Identification, Characterization, and Modeling of a Bioinsecticide Protein Isolated from Scorpion Venom gland: A Three-Finger Protein. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:158-66. [PMID: 37553755 PMCID: PMC10507287 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The majority of insecticides target sodium channels. The increasing emergence of resistance to the current insecticides has persuaded researchers to search for alternative compounds. Scorpion venom gland as a reservoir of peptides or proteins, which selectively target insect sodium channels. These proteins would be an appropriate source for finding new suitable anti-insect components. Methods Transcriptome of venom gland of scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus was obtained by RNA extraction and complementary DNA library synthesis. The obtained transcriptome was blasted against protein databases to find insect toxins against sodium channel based on the statistically significant similarity in sequence. Physicochemical properties of the identified protein were calculated using bioinformatics software. The three-dimensional structure of this protein was determined using homology modeling, and the final structure was assessed by molecular dynamics simulation. Results The sodium channel blocker found in the transcriptome of M. eupeus venom gland was submitted to the GenBank under the name of meuNa10, a stable hydrophilic protein consisting of 69 amino acids, with the molecular weight of 7721.77 g/mol and pI of 8.7. The tertiary structure of meuNa10 revealed a conserved LCN-type cysteine-stabilized alpha/beta domain stabilized by eight cysteine residues. The meuNa10 is a member of the 3FP superfamily consisting of three finger-like beta strands. Conclusion This study identified meuNa10 as a small insect sodium channel-interacting protein with some physicochemical properties, including stability and water-solubility, which make it a good candidate for further in vivo and in vitro experiments in order to develop a new bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Baradaran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naderi Soorki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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16
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Yildirim-Kahriman S. Effect of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitors on the Metastatic Behavior of Prostate Cancer Cells: A Meta-Analysis. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:419-426. [PMID: 37937335 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.419.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Functional Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs) are expressed in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cells. A number of <i>in vitro</i> studies have evaluated the effect of functional VGSC expression on the metastatic cell behavior of PCa cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VGSC inhibition on metastatic cell behavior in PCa cells by meta-analysis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Meta-analysis was performed on data taken from 13 publications that examined the effect of VGSC inhibitors on the metastatic cell behavior of metastatic PCa cells expressing functional VGSCs. The measure of effect was calculated according to the random effects model using mean differences and presented with a forest plot graph. Heterogeneity was checked using the Cochran's Q Test (Chi-square statistic) and the I<sup>2</sup> test statistic. In order to evaluate the objectivity, the funnels-plot graph was used. <b>Results:</b> The g value showing the effect size was calculated as 4.49 (95% CI = 5.35-3.62) in the experiments where Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used, which has a very high specificity for VGSCs but is not licensed for clinical use. In experiments using licensed inhibitors Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Ranolazine, Riluzole and Lidocaine, the g value was 1.37 (95 % CI = 2.02-0.71). Suppression of metastatic cell behavior in both subgroups is statistically significant (p<0.00001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Meta-analysis confirmed that VGSCs are an enhancing factor in the metastasis of PCa cells. The VGSCs appear to be an important target in the diagnosis and development of new treatment options in PCa.
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Baradaran M, Mahdavinia M, Naderi Soorki M, Jorfi S. Identification, Characterization, and Modeling of a Bioinsecticide Protein Isolated from Scorpion Venom gland: A Three-Finger Protein. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:158-66. [PMID: 37553755 PMCID: PMC10507287 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The majority of insecticides target sodium channels. The increasing emergence of resistance to the current insecticides has persuaded researchers to search for alternative compounds. Scorpion venom gland as a reservoir of peptides or proteins, which selectively target insect sodium channels. These proteins would be an appropriate source for finding new suitable anti-insect components. Methods Transcriptome of venom gland of scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus was obtained by RNA extraction and complementary DNA library synthesis. The obtained transcriptome was blasted against protein databases to find insect toxins against sodium channel based on the statistically significant similarity in sequence. Physicochemical properties of the identified protein were calculated using bioinformatics software. The three-dimensional structure of this protein was determined using homology modeling, and the final structure was assessed by molecular dynamics simulation. Results The sodium channel blocker found in the transcriptome of M. eupeus venom gland was submitted to the GenBank under the name of meuNa10, a stable hydrophilic protein consisting of 69 amino acids, with the molecular weight of 7721.77 g/mol and pI of 8.7. The tertiary structure of meuNa10 revealed a conserved LCN-type cysteine-stabilized alpha/beta domain stabilized by eight cysteine residues. The meuNa10 is a member of the 3FP superfamily consisting of three finger-like beta strands. Conclusion This study identified meuNa10 as a small insect sodium channel-interacting protein with some physicochemical properties, including stability and water-solubility, which make it a good candidate for further in vivo and in vitro experiments in order to develop a new bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Baradaran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naderi Soorki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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18
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Marra C, Hartke TV, Ringkamp M, Goldfarb M. Enhanced sodium channel inactivation by temperature and FHF2 deficiency blocks heat nociception. Pain 2023; 164:1321-1331. [PMID: 36607284 PMCID: PMC10166761 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transient voltage-gated sodium currents are essential for the initiation and conduction of action potentials in neurons and cardiomyocytes. The amplitude and duration of sodium currents are tuned by intracellular fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs/iFGFs) that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na v s), and genetic ablation of Fhf genes disturbs neurological and cardiac functions. Among reported phenotypes, Fhf2null mice undergo lethal hyperthermia-induced cardiac conduction block attributable to the combined effects of FHF2 deficiency and elevated temperature on the cardiac sodium channel (Na v 1.5) inactivation rate. Fhf2null mice also display a lack of heat nociception, while retaining other somatosensory capabilities. Here, we use electrophysiological and computational methods to show that the heat nociception deficit can be explained by the combined effects of elevated temperature and FHF2 deficiency on the fast inactivation gating of Na v 1.7 and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels expressed in dorsal root ganglion C fibers. Hence, neurological and cardiac heat-associated deficits in Fhf2null mice derive from shared impacts of FHF deficiency and temperature towards Na v inactivation gating kinetics in distinct tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Marra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center of City University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Timothy V. Hartke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthias Ringkamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mitchell Goldfarb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center of City University, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Abstract
Cancers of epithelial origin such as breast, prostate, cervical, gastric, colon and lung cancer account for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Better treatment of metastasis, the main cause of cancer deaths, is therefore urgently required. Several of these tumours have been shown to have an abnormally high concentration of Na+ ([Na+ ]) and emerging evidence points to this accumulation being due to elevated intracellular [Na+ ]. This poses intriguing questions about the cellular mechanisms underlying Na+ dysregulation in cancer, and its pathophysiological significance. Elevated intracellular [Na+ ] may be due to alterations in activity of the Na+ /K+ -ATPase, and/or increased influx via Na+ channels and Na+ -linked transporters. Maintenance of the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is vital to power many cellular processes that are highly active in cancer cells, including glucose and glutamine import. Na+ channels are also upregulated in cancer cells, which in turn promotes tumour growth and metastasis. For example, ENaC and ASICs are overexpressed in cancers, increasing invasion and proliferation. In addition, voltage-gated Na+ channels are also upregulated in a range of tumour types, where they promote metastatic cell behaviours via various mechanisms, including membrane potential depolarisation and altered pH regulation. Together, recent findings relating to elevated Na+ in the tumour microenvironment and how this may be regulated by several classes of Na+ channels provide a link between altered Na+ handling and poor clinical outcome. There are new opportunities to leverage this altered Na+ microenvironment for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by several ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Leslie
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
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20
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Angsutararux P, Dutta AK, Marras M, Abella C, Mellor RL, Shi J, Nerbonne JM, Silva JR. Differential regulation of cardiac sodium channels by intracellular fibroblast growth factors. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213300. [PMID: 36944081 PMCID: PMC10038838 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials. In the heart, the predominant NaV1.5 α subunit is composed of four homologous repeats (I-IV) and forms a macromolecular complex with multiple accessory proteins, including intracellular fibroblast growth factors (iFGF). In spite of high homology, each of the iFGFs, iFGF11-iFGF14, as well as the individual iFGF splice variants, differentially regulates NaV channel gating, and the mechanisms underlying these differential effects remain elusive. Much of the work exploring iFGF regulation of NaV1.5 has been performed in mouse and rat ventricular myocytes in which iFGF13VY is the predominant iFGF expressed, whereas investigation into NaV1.5 regulation by the human heart-dominant iFGF12B is lacking. In this study, we used a mouse model with cardiac-specific Fgf13 deletion to study the consequences of iFGF13VY and iFGF12B expression. We observed distinct effects on the voltage-dependences of activation and inactivation of the sodium currents (INa), as well as on the kinetics of peak INa decay. Results in native myocytes were recapitulated with human NaV1.5 heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and additional experiments using voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) revealed iFGF-specific effects on the activation of the NaV1.5 voltage sensor domain in repeat IV (VSD-IV). iFGF chimeras further unveiled roles for all three iFGF domains (i.e., the N-terminus, core, and C-terminus) on the regulation of VSD-IV, and a slower time domain of inactivation. We present here a novel mechanism of iFGF regulation that is specific to individual iFGF isoforms and that leads to distinct functional effects on NaV channel/current kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweorn Angsutararux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amal K. Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martina Marras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlota Abella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Mellor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Nerbonne
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Zheng Y, Deschênes I. Protein 14-3-3 Influences the Response of the Cardiac Sodium Channel Na v1.5 to Antiarrhythmic Drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:417-428. [PMID: 36460339 PMCID: PMC9976794 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is a key contributor to the cardiac action potential, and dysregulations in Nav1.5 can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Nav1.5 is a target of numerous antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Previous studies identified the protein 14-3-3 as a regulator of Nav1.5 biophysical coupling. Inhibition of 14-3-3 can remove the Nav1.5 functional coupling and has been shown to inhibit the dominant-negative effect of Brugada syndrome mutations. However, it is unknown whether the coupling regulation is involved with AADs' modulation of Nav1.5. Indeed, AADs could reveal important structural and functional information about Nav1.5 coupling. Here, we investigated the modulation of Nav1.5 by four classic AADs, quinidine, lidocaine, mexiletine, and flecainide, in the presence of 14-3-3 inhibition. The experiments were carried out by high-throughput patch-clamp experiments in an HEK293 Nav1.5 stable cell line. We found that 14-3-3 inhibition can enhance acute block by quinidine, whereas the block by other drugs was not affected. We also saw changes in the use- and dose-dependency of quinidine, lidocaine, and mexiletine when inhibiting 14-3-3. Inhibiting 14-3-3 also shifted the channel activation toward hyperpolarized voltages in the presence of the four drugs studied and slowed the recovery of inactivation in the presence of quinidine. Our results demonstrated that the protein 14-3-3 and Nav1.5 coupling could impact the effects of AADs. Therefore, 14-3-3 and Nav1.5 coupling are new mechanisms to consider in the development of drugs targeting Nav1.5. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is a target of commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs, and Nav1.5 function is regulated by the protein 14-3-3. The present study demonstrated that the regulation of Nav1.5 by 14-3-3 influences Nav1.5's response to antiarrhythmic drugs. This study provides detailed information about how 14-3-3 differentially regulated Nav1.5 functions under the influence of different drug subtypes. These findings will guide future molecular studies investigating Nav1.5 and antiarrhythmic drugs outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.Z., I.D.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.Z.)
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.Z., I.D.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Y.Z.)
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22
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Salvage SC, Jeevaratnam K, Huang CL, Jackson AP. Cardiac sodium channel complexes and arrhythmia: structural and functional roles of the β1 and β3 subunits. J Physiol 2023; 601:923-940. [PMID: 36354758 PMCID: PMC10953345 DOI: 10.1113/jp283085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes, the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5 opens in response to membrane depolarisation and initiates the action potential. The NaV 1.5 channel is typically associated with regulatory β-subunits that modify gating and trafficking behaviour. These β-subunits contain a single extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, a single transmembrane α-helix and an intracellular region. Here we focus on the role of the β1 and β3 subunits in regulating NaV 1.5. We catalogue β1 and β3 domain specific mutations that have been associated with inherited cardiac arrhythmia, including Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation and sudden death. We discuss how new structural insights into these proteins raises new questions about physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher L.‐H. Huang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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23
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Kim RE, Choi JS. Polysorbate 80 blocked a peripheral sodium channel, Na v1.7, and reduced neuronal excitability. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069221150138. [PMID: 36550597 PMCID: PMC9829885 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is a non-ionic detergent derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as an emulsifier. Nav1.7 is a peripheral sodium channel that is highly expressed in sympathetic and sensory neurons, and it plays a critical role in determining the threshold of action potentials (APs). We found that 10 μg/mL polysorbate 80 either abolished APs or increased the threshold of the APs of dorsal root ganglions. We thus investigated whether polysorbate 80 inhibits Nav1.7 sodium current using a whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. Polysorbate 80 decreased the Nav1.7 current in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 250.4 μg/mL at a holding potential of -120 mV. However, the IC50 was 1.1 μg/mL at a holding potential of -90 mV and was estimated to be 0.9 μg/mL at the resting potentials of neurons, where most channels are inactivated. The activation rate and the voltage dependency of activation of Nav1.7 were not changed by polysorbate 80. However, polysorbate 80 caused hyperpolarizing shifts in the voltage dependency of the steady-state fast inactivation curve. The blocking of Nav1.7 currents by polysorbate 80 was not reversible at a holding potential of -90 mV but was completely reversible at -120 mV, where the channels were mostly in the closed state. Polysorbate 80 also slowed recovery from inactivation and induced robust use-dependent inhibition, indicating that it is likely to bind to and stabilize the inactivated state. Our results indicate that polysorbate 80 inhibits Nav1.7 current in concentration-, state-, and use-dependent manners when used even below commercial concentrations. This suggests that polysorbate 80 may be helpful in pain medicine as an excipient. In addition, in vitro experiments using polysorbate 80 with neurons should be conducted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Sung Choi
- Jin-Sung Choi, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, South Korea.
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24
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Symington SB, Toltin AC, Murenzi E, Lansky D, Clark JM. Determination of potential toxicodynamic differences of pyrethroid insecticides on native voltage-sensitive sodium channels in juvenile versus adult rat brain. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 189:105296. [PMID: 36549822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microtransplantation of neurolemma tissue fragments from mammalian brain into the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes is a tool to examine the endogenous structure and function of various ion channels and receptors associated with the central nervous system. Microtransplanted neurolemma can originate from a variety of sources, contain ion channels and receptors in their native configuration, and are applicable to examine diseases associated with different channelopathies. Here, we examined potential age-related differences in voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) expression and concentration-dependent responses to pyrethroids following the microtransplantation of juvenile or adult rat brain tissue (neurolemma) into X. laevis oocytes. Using automated western blotting, adult neurolemma exhibited a 2.5-fold higher level of expression of VSSCs compared with juvenile neurolemma. The predominant isoform expressed in both tissues was Nav1.2. However, adult neurolemma expressed 2.8-fold more Nav1.2 than juvenile and expressed Nav1.6 at a significantly higher level (2.2-fold). Microtransplanted neurolemma elicited ion currents across the plasma membrane of oocytes following membrane depolarization using two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. A portion of this current was sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and this TTX-sensitive current was abolished when external sodium ion was replaced by choline ion, functionally demonstrating the presence of native VSSC. Increasing concentrations of permethrin or deltamethrin exhibited concentration-dependent increases in inward TTX-sensitive current in the presence of niflumic acid from both adult and juvenile tissues following a pulsed depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane. Concentration-dependent response curves illustrate that VSSCs associated with juvenile neurolemma were up to 2.5-fold more sensitive to deltamethrin than VSSCs in adult neurolemma. In contrast, VSSCs from juvenile neurolemma were less sensitive to permethrin than adult VSSCs at lower concentrations (0.6-0.8-fold) but were more sensitive at higher concentrations (up to 2.4-fold). Nonetheless, because the expected concentrations in human brains following realistic exposure levels are approximately 21- (deltamethrin) to 333- (permethrin) times below the threshold concentration for response in rat neurolemma-injected oocytes, age-related differences, if any, are not likely to be toxicologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Symington
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Science, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, USA.
| | - Abigail C Toltin
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Science, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, USA
| | - Edwin Murenzi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - David Lansky
- Precision Bioassay, Inc., Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - John M Clark
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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25
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Gu Y, Wang J, Li M, Zhong F, Xiang J, Xu Z. Inhibitory Effects of Nobiletin on Voltage-Gated Na + Channel in Rat Ventricular Myocytes Based on Electrophysiological Analysis and Molecular Docking Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315175. [PMID: 36499507 PMCID: PMC9736168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) has attracted much attention owing to its outstanding bioactivities. This study aimed to investigate its anti-arrhythmic effect through electrophysiological and molecular docking studies. We assessed the anti-arrhythmic effects of NOB using aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia in a rat model and the electrophysiological effects of NOB on rat cardiomyocytes utilizing whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Moreover, we investigated the binding characters of NOB with rNav1.5, rNav1.5/QQQ, and hNaV1.5 via docking analysis, comparing them with amiodarone and aconitine. NOB pretreatment delayed susceptibility to ventricular premature and ventricular tachycardia and decreased the incidence of fatal ventricular fibrillation. Whole-cell patch-clamp assays demonstrated that the peak current density of the voltage-gated Na+ channel current was reversibly reduced by NOB in a concentration-dependent manner. The steady-state activation and recovery curves were shifted in the positive direction along the voltage axis, and the steady-state inactivation curve was shifted in the negative direction along the voltage axis, as shown by gating kinetics. The molecular docking study showed NOB formed a π-π stacking interaction with rNav1.5 and rNav1.5/QQQ upon Phe-1762, which is the homolog to Phe-1760 in hNaV1.5 and plays an important role in antiarrhythmic action This study reveals that NOB may act as a class I sodium channel anti-arrhythmia agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhengxin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jingsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou 318000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (J.X.)
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26
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Song H, McEwan PP, Ameen-Ali KE, Tomasevich A, Kennedy-Dietrich C, Palma A, Arroyo EJ, Dolle JP, Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. Concussion leads to widespread axonal sodium channel loss and disruption of the node of Ranvier. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:967-985. [PMID: 36107227 PMCID: PMC9547928 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a major health concern, little is known about the pathophysiological changes that underly concussion. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that selective damage to white matter axons, or diffuse axonal injury (DAI), disrupts brain network connectivity and function. While voltage-gated sodium channels (NaChs) and their anchoring proteins at the nodes of Ranvier (NOR) on axons are key elements of the brain's network signaling machinery, changes in their integrity have not been studied in context with DAI. Here, we utilized a clinically relevant swine model of concussion that induces evolving axonal pathology, demonstrated by accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) across the white matter. Over a two-week follow-up post-concussion with this model, we found widespread loss of NaCh isoform 1.6 (Nav1.6), progressive increases in NOR length, the appearance of void and heminodes and loss of βIV-spectrin, ankyrin G, and neurofascin 186 or their collective diffusion into the paranode. Notably, these changes were in close proximity, yet distinct from APP-immunoreactive swollen axonal profiles, potentially representing a unique, newfound phenotype of axonal pathology in DAI. Since concussion in humans is non-fatal, the clinical relevance of these findings was determined through examination of post-mortem brain tissue from humans with higher levels of acute traumatic brain injury. Here, a similar loss of Nav1.6 and changes in NOR structures in brain white matter were observed as found in the swine model of concussion. Collectively, this widespread and progressive disruption of NaChs and NOR appears to be a form of sodium channelopathy, which may represent an important substrate underlying brain network dysfunction after concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Przemyslaw P McEwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kamar E Ameen-Ali
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra Tomasevich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Alexander Palma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edgardo J Arroyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Dolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria E Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Stewart
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, 3320 Smith Walk, 105 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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27
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Wang XP, Tomilin V, Nickerson AJ, Tian R, Ertem M, McKernan A, Lei X, Pochynyuk O, Kashlan OB. Bile acids regulate the epithelial Na + channel in native tissues through direct binding at multiple sites. J Physiol 2022; 600:4695-4711. [PMID: 36071685 PMCID: PMC9633555 DOI: 10.1113/jp283318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, originally known to emulsify dietary lipids, are now established signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes. Signalling targets several proteins that include the ion channels involved in regulating intestinal motility and bile viscosity. Studies show that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured cell models and heterologous expression systems. ENaC plays both local and systemic roles in regulating extracellular fluids. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in native tissues. We found that taurocholic acid and taurohyodeoxycholic acid regulated ENaC in both the distal nephron and distal colon. We also tested the hypothesis that regulation occurs through direct binding. Using photoaffinity labelling, we found evidence for specific binding to both the β and γ subunits of the channel. In functional experiments, we found that the α subunit was sufficient for regulation. We also found that regulation by at least one bile acid was voltage-sensitive, suggesting that one binding site may be closely associated with the pore-forming helices of the channel. Our data provide evidence that bile acids regulate ENaC by binding to multiple sites to influence the open probability of the channel. KEY POINTS: Recent studies have shown that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in vitro. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC in native tissues and whether bile acids directly bind the channel. We found that bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in the mouse cortical collecting duct and mouse colon by modulating open probability. Photoaffinity labelling experiments showed specific binding to the β and γ subunits of the channel, while channels comprising only α subunits were sensitive to taurocholic acid in functional experiments using Xenopus oocytes. Taurocholic acid regulation of ENaC was voltage-dependent, providing evidence for binding to pore-forming helices. Our data indicate that bile acids are ENaC regulatory effectors that may have a role in the physiology and pathophysiology of several systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Renal-electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Viktor Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew J Nickerson
- Departments of Medicine, Renal-electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Runze Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Merve Ertem
- Departments of Medicine, Renal-electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abagail McKernan
- Departments of Medicine, Renal-electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ossama B Kashlan
- Departments of Medicine, Renal-electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Moubarak E, Inglebert Y, Tell F, Goaillard JM. Morphological Determinants of Cell-to-Cell Variations in Action Potential Dynamics in Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7530-7546. [PMID: 36658458 PMCID: PMC9546446 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2331-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Action potential (AP) shape is a critical electrophysiological parameter, in particular because it strongly modulates neurotransmitter release. As it greatly varies between neuronal types, AP shape is also used to distinguish neuronal populations. For instance, AP duration ranges from hundreds of microseconds in cerebellar granule cells to 2-3 ms in SNc dopaminergic (DA) neurons. While most of this variation across cell types seems to arise from differences in the voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels expressed, a few studies suggested that dendritic morphology also affects AP shape. AP duration also displays significant variability in a same neuronal type, although the determinants of these variations are poorly known. Using electrophysiological recordings, morphological reconstructions, and realistic Hodgkin-Huxley modeling, we investigated the relationships between dendritic morphology and AP shape in rat SNc DA neurons from both sexes. In this neuronal type where the axon arises from an axon-bearing dendrite (ABD), the duration of the somatic AP could be predicted from a linear combination of the ABD and non-ABDs' complexities. Dendrotomy experiments and simulation showed that these correlations arise from the causal influence of dendritic topology on AP duration, due in particular to a high density of sodium channels in the somatodendritic compartment. Surprisingly, computational modeling suggested that this effect arises from the influence of sodium currents on the decaying phase of the AP. Consistent with previous findings, these results demonstrate that dendritic morphology plays a major role in defining the electrophysiological properties of SNc DA neurons and their cell-to-cell variations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Action potential (AP) shape is a critical electrophysiological parameter, in particular because it strongly modulates neurotransmitter release. AP shape (e.g., duration) greatly varies between neuronal types but also within a same neuronal type. While differences in ion channel expression seem to explain most of AP shape variation across cell types, the determinants of cell-to-cell variations in a same neuronal type are mostly unknown. We used electrophysiological recordings, neuronal reconstruction, and modeling to show that, because of the presence of sodium channels in the somatodendritic compartment, a large part of cell-to-cell variations in somatic AP duration in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons is explained by variations in dendritic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Moubarak
- Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1072, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France 13015
| | - Yanis Inglebert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1072, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France 13015
| | - Fabien Tell
- Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1072, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France 13015
| | - Jean-Marc Goaillard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche_S 1072, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France 13015
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29
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Sukhanova KY, Koirala A, Elmslie KS. Na V1.9 current in muscle afferent neurons is enhanced by substances released during muscle activity. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:739-750. [PMID: 36043704 PMCID: PMC9512110 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00116.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction triggers the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) to regulate the cardiovascular system response to exercise. During muscle contraction, substances are released that generate action potential activity in group III and IV afferents that mediate the EPR. Some of these substances increase afferent activity via G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We were interested in determining if tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-dependent sodium channels (NaV) were involved and investigated the effect of a mixture of such compounds (bradykinin, prostaglandin, norepinephrine, and ATP, called muscle metabolites). Using whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, we show that the muscle metabolites significantly increased TTX-R NaV currents. The rise time of this enhancement averaged ∼2 min, which suggests the involvement of a diffusible second messenger pathway. The effect of muscle metabolites on the current-voltage relationship, channel activation and inactivation kinetics support NaV1.9 channels as the target for this enhancement. When applied individually at the concentration used in the mixture, only prostaglandin and bradykinin significantly enhanced NaV current, but the sum of these enhancements was <1/3 that observed when the muscle metabolites were applied together. This suggests synergism between the activated GPCRs to enhance NaV1.9 current. When applied at a higher concentration, all four substances could enhance the current, which demonstrates that the GPCRs activated by each metabolite can enhance channel activity. The enhancement of NaV1.9 channel activity is a likely mechanism by which GPCR activation increases action potential activity in afferents generating the EPR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation increases action potential activity in muscle afferents to produce the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We provide evidence that NaV1.9 current is synergistically enhanced by application of a mixture of metabolites potentially released during muscle contraction. The enhancement of NaV1.9 current is likely one mechanism by which GPCR activation generates the EPR and the inappropriate activation of the EPR in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Yu Sukhanova
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Ankeeta Koirala
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Keith S Elmslie
- The Baker Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri
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de Lima FO, Lauria PSS, do Espírito-Santo RF, Evangelista AF, Nogueira TMO, Araldi D, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Unveiling Targets for Treating Postoperative Pain: The Role of the TNF-α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB/Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 Pathways in the Mouse Model of Incisional Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911630. [PMID: 36232927 PMCID: PMC9570460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mouse model of incisional pain is broadly used, the mechanisms underlying plantar incision-induced nociception are not fully understood. This work investigates the role of Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 sodium channels in nociceptive sensitization following plantar incision in mice and the signaling pathway modulating these channels. A surgical incision was made in the plantar hind paw of male Swiss mice. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed by von Frey filaments. Gene expression of Nav1.8, Nav1.9, TNF-α, and COX-2 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Knockdown mice for Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 were produced by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides intrathecal treatments. Local levels of TNF-α and PGE2 were immunoenzymatically determined. Incised mice exhibited hypernociception and upregulated expression of Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in DRG. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reduced hypernociception and downregulated Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. TNF-α and COX-2/PGE2 were upregulated in DRG and plantar skin. Inhibition of TNF-α and COX-2 reduced hypernociception, but only TNF-α inhibition downregulated Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. Antagonizing NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not ERK or JNK, reduced both hypernociception and hyperexpression of Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. This study proposes the contribution of the TNF-α/p38/NF-κB/Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 pathways to the pathophysiology of the mouse model of incisional pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Oliveira de Lima
- Health Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036900, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Afrânio Ferreira Evangelista
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650010, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 40296710, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650010, BA, Brazil
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O' Brien S, Holmes AP, Johnson DM, Kabir SN, O' Shea C, O' Reilly M, Avezzu A, Reyat JS, Hall AW, Apicella C, Ellinor PT, Niederer S, Tucker NR, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D. Increased atrial effectiveness of flecainide conferred by altered biophysical properties of sodium channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:23-35. [PMID: 35114252 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects over 1% of the population and is a leading cause of stroke and heart failure in the elderly. A feared side effect of sodium channel blocker therapy, ventricular pro-arrhythmia, appears to be relatively rare in patients with AF. The biophysical reasons for this relative safety of sodium blockers are not known. Our data demonstrates intrinsic differences between atrial and ventricular cardiac voltage-gated sodium currents (INa), leading to reduced maximum upstroke velocity of action potential and slower conduction, in left atria compared to ventricle. Reduced atrial INa is only detected at physiological membrane potentials and is driven by alterations in sodium channel biophysical properties and not by NaV1.5 protein expression. Flecainide displayed greater inhibition of atrial INa, greater reduction of maximum upstroke velocity of action potential, and slowed conduction in atrial cells and tissue. Our work highlights differences in biophysical properties of sodium channels in left atria and ventricles and their response to flecainide. These differences can explain the relative safety of sodium channel blocker therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian O' Brien
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher O' Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Molly O' Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adelisa Avezzu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmeet S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amelia W Hall
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan R Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Dai XQ, Hang Y, Lam JY, Lyon J, Manning Fox JE, McGann LE, MacDonald PE, Kim SK, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation and post-thaw characterization of dissociated human islet cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263005. [PMID: 35081145 PMCID: PMC8791532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the cryopreservation of dissociated islet cells and obtain functional cells that can be used in single-cell transcriptome studies on the pathology and treatment of diabetes. Using an iterative graded freezing approach we obtained viable cells after cooling in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethyl starch at 1°C/min to -40°C, storage in liquid nitrogen, rapid thaw, and removal of cryoprotectants by serial dilution. The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule declined immediately after thaw, but recovered after overnight incubation, while that of an endocrine cell marker (HPi2) remained high after cryopreservation. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed differences in channel activities and exocytosis of various islet cell types; however, exocytotic responses, and the biophysical properties of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, are sustained after cryopreservation. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that overall transcriptome and crucial exocytosis genes are comparable between fresh and cryopreserved dispersed human islet cells. Thus, we report an optimized procedure for cryopreserving dispersed islet cells that maintained their membrane integrity, along with their molecular and functional phenotypes. Our findings will not only provide a ready source of cells for investigating cellular mechanisms in diabetes but also for bio-engineering pseudo-islets and islet sheets for modeling studies and potential transplant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yan Hang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Y. Lam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Locksley E. McGann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Page SC, Sripathy SR, Farinelli F, Ye Z, Wang Y, Hiler DJ, Pattie EA, Nguyen CV, Tippani M, Moses RL, Chen HY, Tran MN, Eagles NJ, Stolz JM, Catallini JL, Soudry OR, Dickinson D, Berman KF, Apud JA, Weinberger DR, Martinowich K, Jaffe AE, Straub RE, Maher BJ. Electrophysiological measures from human iPSC-derived neurons are associated with schizophrenia clinical status and predict individual cognitive performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109395119. [PMID: 35017298 PMCID: PMC8784142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109395119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been used to model basic cellular aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the relationship between the emergent phenotypes and the clinical characteristics of donor individuals has been unclear. We analyzed RNA expression and indices of cellular function in hiPSC-derived neural progenitors and cortical neurons generated from 13 individuals with high polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ) and a clinical diagnosis of SCZ, along with 15 neurotypical individuals with low PRS. We identified electrophysiological measures in the patient-derived neurons that implicated altered Na+ channel function, action potential interspike interval, and gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurotransmission. Importantly, electrophysiological measures predicted cardinal clinical and cognitive features found in these SCZ patients. The identification of basic neuronal physiological properties related to core clinical characteristics of illness is a potentially critical step in generating leads for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zengyou Ye
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Daniel J Hiler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | | | | | | | - Huei-Ying Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Matthew Nguyen Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Joshua M Stolz
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Joseph L Catallini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karen F Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jose A Apud
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205;
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Hou Y, Li J, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Luteolin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome by activating alveolar epithelial sodium channels via cGMP/PI3K pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114654. [PMID: 34537283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luteolin (Lut) was recently identified as the major active ingredient of Mosla scabra, which was a typical representative traditional Chinese medicine and had been used to treat pulmonary diseases for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to explore the effects and relative mechanisms of Lut in LPS-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). The main characteristic of ALI/ARDS is pulmonary edema, and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a key factor in effective removal of excessive alveolar edematous fluid, which is essential for repairing gas exchange and minimizing damage to the peripheral tissues. However, whether the therapeutic effects of Lut on respiratory diseases are relative with ENaC is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alveolar fluid clearance was calculated in BALB/c mice and ENaC function was measured in H441 cells. Moreover, ENaC membrane protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. We also studied the involvement of cGMP/PI3K pathway during the regulation of Lut on ENaC during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS by ELISA method and applying cGMP/PI3K inhibitors/siRNA. RESULTS The beneficial effects of Lut in ALI/ARDS were evidenced by the alleviation of pulmonary edema, and enhancement of both amiloride-sensitive alveolar fluid clearance and short-circuit currents. Lut could alleviate the LPS decreased expression levels of ENaC mRNA and membrane protein in H441 cells and mouse lung. In addition, cGMP concentration was increased after the administration of Lut in ALI/ARDS mice, while the inhibition of cGMP/PI3K pathway could abrogate the enhanced AFC and ENaC protein expression of Lut. CONCLUSION These results implied that Lut could attenuate pulmonary edema via enhancing the abundance of membrane ENaC at least partially through the cGMP/PI3K pathway, which could provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Three types of characteristic ST-segment elevation are associated with Brugada syndrome but only type 1 is diagnostic. Why only type 1 ECG is diagnostic remains unanswered. METHODS Computer simulations were performed in single cells, 1-dimensional cables, and 2-dimensional tissues to investigate the effects of the peak and late components of the transient outward potassium current (Ito), sodium current, and L-type calcium current (ICa,L) as well as other potassium currents on the genesis of ECG morphologies and phase 2 reentry (P2R). RESULTS Although a sufficiently large peak Ito was required to result in the type 1 ECG pattern and P2R, increasing the late component of Ito converted type 1 ECG to type 2 ECG and suppressed P2R. Increasing the peak Ito promoted spiral wave breakup, potentiating the transition from tachycardia to fibrillation, but increasing the late Ito prevented spiral wave breakup by flattening the action potential duration restitution and preventing P2R. A sufficiently large ICa,L conductance was needed for P2R to occur, but once above the critical conductance, blocking ICa,L promoted P2R. However, selectively blocking the window and late components of ICa,L suppressed P2R, countering the effect of the late Ito. Blocking either the peak or late components of sodium current promoted P2R, with the late sodium current blockade having the larger effect. As expected, increasing other potassium currents potentiated P2R, with ATP-sensitive potassium current exhibiting a larger effect than rapid and slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium current. CONCLUSIONS The peak Ito promotes type 1 ECG and P2R, whereas the late Ito converts type 1 ECG to type 2 ECG and suppresses P2R. Blocking the peak ICa,L and either the peak or the late sodium current promotes P2R, whereas blocking the window and late ICa,L suppresses P2R. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for treatment of Brugada syndrome. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Department of physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Aneles, CA 90048, USA
| | - James N. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Khamtorn P, Peigneur S, Amorim FG, Quinton L, Tytgat J, Daduang S. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010047. [PMID: 35011282 PMCID: PMC8746590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus, is a predator of a variety of agricultural insects and is also hazardous for humans. Its venom is a true pharmacopeia representing neurotoxic peptides targeting the ion channels and/or receptors of both vertebrates and invertebrates. The lack of transcriptomic information, however, limits our knowledge of the diversity of components present in its venom. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) carry out a transcriptomic analysis of the venom, and (2) investigate the bioactivity of the venom using an electrophysiological bioassay. From 32,505 assembled transcripts, 8 toxin families were classified, and the ankyrin repeats (ANK), agatoxin, centipede toxin, ctenitoxin, lycotoxin, scorpion toxin-like, and SCP families were reported in the L. geometricus venom gland. The diversity of L. geometricus venom was also uncovered by the transcriptomics approach with the presence of defensins, chitinases, translationally controlled tumor proteins (TCTPs), leucine-rich proteins, serine proteases, and other important venom components. The venom was also chromatographically purified, and the activity contained in the fractions was investigated using an electrophysiological bioassay with the use of a voltage clamp on ion channels in order to find if the neurotoxic effects of the spider venom could be linked to a particular molecular target. The findings show that U24-ctenitoxin-Pn1a involves the inhibition of the insect sodium (Nav) channels, BgNav and DmNav. This study provides an overview of the molecular diversity of L. geometricus venom, which can be used as a reference for the venom of other spider species. The venom composition profile also increases our knowledge for the development of novel insecticides targeting voltage-gated sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsawan Khamtorn
- Program in Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Fernanda Gobbi Amorim
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, MolSys Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (F.G.A.); (L.Q.)
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, MolSys Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (F.G.A.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products (CDR-HHP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Kim G, Nakamura M, Cho JH, Nam S, Jang IS. Sevoflurane modulation of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels in small-sized dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1335-1340. [PMID: 34718245 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volatile anesthetics are widely used for general anesthesia during surgical operations. Voltage-gated Na+ channels expressed in central neurons are major targets for volatile anesthetics; but it is unclear whether these drugs modulate native tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ channels, which are involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of sevoflurane on TTX-R Na+ currents (INa) in acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS Sevoflurane slightly potentiated the peak amplitude of transient TTX-R INa but more potently inhibited slow voltage-ramp-induced persistent INa in a concentration-dependent manner. Sevoflurane (0.86 ± 0.02 mM) (1) slightly shifted the steady-state fast inactivation relationship to hyperpolarizing ranges without affecting the voltage-activation relationship, (2) reduced the extent of use-dependent inhibition of Na+ channels, (3) accelerated the onset of inactivation and (4) delayed the recovery from inactivation of TTX-R Na+ channels. Thus, sevoflurane has diverse effects on TTX-R Na+ channels expressed in nociceptive neurons. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the inhibition of persistent INa and the modulation of the voltage dependence and inactivation might be, at least in part, responsible for the analgesic effects elicited by sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abram M, Jakubiec M, Rapacz A, Mogilski S, Latacz G, Szulczyk B, Szafarz M, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wyska E, Wlaź P, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. Identification of New Compounds with Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Properties in a Group of 3-substituted (2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)(phenyl)-Acetamides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313092. [PMID: 34884898 PMCID: PMC8658016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein a series of water-soluble analogues of previously described anticonvulsants and their detailed in vivo and in vitro characterization. The majority of these compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum anticonvulsant properties in animal seizure models, including the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model (scPTZ), and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure model in mice. Compound 14 showed the most robust anticonvulsant activity (ED50 MES = 49.6 mg/kg, ED50 6 Hz (32 mA) = 31.3 mg/kg, ED50scPTZ = 67.4 mg/kg). Notably, it was also effective in the 6 Hz (44 mA) model of drug-resistant epilepsy (ED50 = 63.2 mg/kg). Apart from favorable anticonvulsant properties, compound 14 revealed a high efficacy against pain responses in the formalin-induced tonic pain, the capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain, as well as in the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Moreover, compound 14 showed distinct anti-inflammatory activity in the model of carrageenan-induced aseptic inflammation. The mechanism of action of compound 14 is likely complex and may result from the inhibition of peripheral and central sodium and calcium currents, as well as the TRPV1 receptor antagonism as observed in the in vitro studies. This lead compound also revealed beneficial in vitro ADME-Tox properties and an in vivo pharmacokinetic profile, making it a potential candidate for future preclinical development. Interestingly, the in vitro studies also showed a favorable induction effect of compound 14 on the viability of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.A.); (M.J.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.A.); (M.J.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał M. Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.A.); (M.J.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.A.); (M.J.); (R.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-54-59
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Gong Y, Yang L, Tang J, Zheng J, Witman N, Jakob P, Tan Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Wang H, Fu W, Wang W. Yohimbine Directly Induces Cardiotoxicity on Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 22:141-151. [PMID: 34817810 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yohimbine is a highly selective and potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, which is usually treated as an adjunction for impotence, as well for weight loss and natural bodybuilding aids. However, it was recently reported that Yohimbine causes myocardial injury and controversial results were reported in the setting of cardiac diseases. Here, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as a model system to explore electrophysiologic characterization after exposure to Yohimbine. HiPSC-CMs were differentiated by employment of inhibitory Wnt compounds. For analysis of electrophysiological properties, conventional whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used. Specifically, spontaneous action potentials, pacemaker currents (If), sodium (Na+) channel (INa), and calcium (Ca++) channel currents (ICa) were assessed in hiPSC-CMs after exposure to Yohimbine. HiPSC-CMs expressed sarcomeric-α-actinin and MLC2V proteins, as well as exhibited ventricular-like spontaneous action potential waveform. Yohimbine inhibited frequency of hiPSC-CMs spontaneous action potentials and significantly prolonged action potential duration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rest potential, threshold potential, amplitude, and maximal diastolic potential were decreased, whereas APD50/APD90 was prolonged. Yohimbine inhibited the amplitude of INa in low doses (IC50 = 14.2 μM, n = 5) and inhibited ICa in high doses (IC50 = 139.7 μM, n = 5). Whereas Yohimbine did not affect the activation curves, treatment resulted in left shifts in inactivation curves of both Na+ and Ca++ channels. Here, we show that Yohimbine induces direct cardiotoxic effects on spontaneous action potentials of INa and ICa in hiPSC-CMs. Importantly, these effects were not mediated by α2-adrenoceptor signaling. Our results strongly suggest that Yohimbine directly and negatively affects electrophysiological properties of human cardiomyocytes. These findings are highly relevant for potential application of Yohimbine in patients with atrioventricular conduction disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jakob
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Abstract
Ammonia and its amine-containing derivatives are widely found in natural decomposition byproducts. Here, we conducted biased chemoreceptor screening to investigate the mechanisms by which different concentrations of ammonium salt, urea, and putrescine in rotten fruits affect feeding and oviposition behavior. We identified three ionotropic receptors, including the two broadly required IR25a and IR76b receptors, as well as the narrowly tuned IR51b receptor. These three IRs were fundamental in eliciting avoidance against nitrogenous waste products, which is mediated by bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). The aversion of nitrogenous wastes was evaluated by the cellular requirement by expressing Kir2.1 and behavioral recoveries of the mutants in bitter-sensing GRNs. Furthermore, by conducting electrophysiology assays, we confirmed that ammonia compounds are aversive in taste as they directly activated bitter-sensing GRNs. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the ecological roles of IRs as a means to detect and avoid toxic nitrogenous waste products in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Nakamura M, Jang IS. Propranolol modulation of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na + channels in dural afferent neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174449. [PMID: 34454925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Propranolol, a representative adrenergic β-receptor antagonist, is widely used to prevent migraine attacks. Although propranolol is well known to inhibit tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ channels in cardiac myocytes, it is unclear whether the drug modulates these channels expressed in dural afferent neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of propranolol on TTX-R Na+ channels in medium-sized dural afferent neurons identified by the fluorescent dye DiI. The TTX-R Na+ currents (INa) were recorded from acutely isolated DiI-positive neurons using a whole-cell patch clamp technique under voltage-clamp conditions. Propranolol inhibited the noninactivating steady-state component more potently than the peak component of transient TTX-R INa. Propranolol also potently inhibited the slow voltage ramp-induced TTX-R INa in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it preferentially inhibited the noninactivating or persistent INa in DiI-positive neurons. Propranolol had little effect on voltage dependence, but it increased the extent of the use-dependent inhibition of TTX-R Na+ channels. Propranolol also accelerated the onset of inactivation and retarded recovery from inactivation in these channels. Under current-clamp conditions, propranolol decreased the number of action potentials elicited by depolarizing current stimuli. In conclusion, the propranolol-mediated preferential inhibition of persistent INa and modulation of the inactivation kinetics of TTX-R Na+ channels might represent additional mechanisms for migraine prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Vasu SO, Kaphzan H. The role of sodium channels in direct current stimulation-axonal perspective. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109832. [PMID: 34644580 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial neurostimulation methods are utilized as therapies for various neuropsychiatric disorders. Primarily, they entail the delivery of weak subthreshold currents across the brain, which modulate neuronal excitability. However, it is still a puzzle how such weak electrical fields actuate their effects. Previous studies showed that axons are the most sensitive subcellular compartment for direct current stimulation, and maximal polarization is achieved at their terminals. Nonetheless, polarization of axon terminals according to models was predicted to be weak, and the mechanism for substantial axon terminals polarization was obscure. Here, we show that a weak subthreshold electrical field modifies the conductance of voltage-dependent sodium channels in axon terminals, subsequently amplifying their membrane polarization. Moreover, we show that this amplification has substantial effects on synaptic functioning. Finally, we employ analytical modeling to explain how sodium currents modifications enhance axon terminal polarization. These findings relate to the mechanistic aspects of any neurostimulation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreerag Othayoth Vasu
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
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43
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Zhu Q, Du Y, Nomura Y, Gao R, Cang Z, Wei GW, Gordon D, Gurevitz M, Groome J, Dong K. Charge substitutions at the voltage-sensing module of domain III enhance actions of site-3 and site-4 toxins on an insect sodium channel. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 137:103625. [PMID: 34358664 PMCID: PMC9376739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scorpion α-toxins bind at the pharmacologically-defined site-3 on the sodium channel and inhibit channel inactivation by preventing the outward movement of the voltage sensor in domain IV (IVS4), whereas scorpion β-toxins bind at site-4 on the sodium channel and enhance channel activation by trapping the voltage sensor of domain II (IIS4) in its outward position. However, limited information is available on the role of the voltage-sensing modules (VSM, comprising S1-S4) of domains I and III in toxin actions. We have previously shown that charge reversing substitutions of the innermost positively-charged residues in IIIS4 (R4E, R5E) increase the activity of an insect-selective site-4 scorpion toxin, Lqh-dprIT3-c, on BgNav1-1a, a cockroach sodium channel. Here we show that substitutions R4E and R5E in IIIS4 also increase the activity of two site-3 toxins, LqhαIT from Leiurusquinquestriatus hebraeus and insect-selective Av3 from Anemonia viridis. Furthermore, charge reversal of either of two conserved negatively-charged residues, D1K and E2K, in IIIS2 also increase the action of the site-3 and site-4 toxins. Homology modeling suggests that S2-D1 and S2-E2 interact with S4-R4 and S4-R5 in the VSM of domain III (III-VSM), respectively, in the activated state of the channel. However, charge swapping between S2-D1 and S4-R4 had no compensatory effects on gating or toxin actions, suggesting that charged residue interactions are complex. Collectively, our results highlight the involvement of III-VSM in the actions of both site 3 and site 4 toxins, suggesting that charge reversing substitutions in III-VSM allosterically facilitate IIS4 or IVS4 voltage sensor trapping by these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Cang
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dalia Gordon
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Ecology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevitz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Ecology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - James Groome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Dobson JS, Harris RJ, Zdenek CN, Huynh T, Hodgson WC, Bosmans F, Fourmy R, Violette A, Fry BG. The Dragon's Paralysing Spell: Evidence of Sodium and Calcium Ion Channel Binding Neurotoxins in Helodermatid and Varanid Lizard Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080549. [PMID: 34437420 PMCID: PMC8402328 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bites from helodermatid lizards can cause pain, paresthesia, paralysis, and tachycardia, as well as other symptoms consistent with neurotoxicity. Furthermore, in vitro studies have shown that Heloderma horridum venom inhibits ion flux and blocks the electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles. Helodermatids have long been considered the only venomous lizards, but a large body of robust evidence has demonstrated venom to be a basal trait of Anguimorpha. This clade includes varanid lizards, whose bites have been reported to cause anticoagulation, pain, and occasionally paralysis and tachycardia. Despite the evolutionary novelty of these lizard venoms, their neuromuscular targets have yet to be identified, even for the iconic helodermatid lizards. Therefore, to fill this knowledge gap, the venoms of three Heloderma species (H. exasperatum, H. horridum and H. suspectum) and two Varanus species (V. salvadorii and V. varius) were investigated using Gallus gallus chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparations and biolayer interferometry assays for binding to mammalian ion channels. Incubation with Heloderma venoms caused the reduction in nerve-mediated muscle twitches post initial response of avian skeletal muscle tissue preparation assays suggesting voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel binding. Congruent with the flaccid paralysis inducing blockage of electrical stimulation in the skeletal muscle preparations, the biolayer interferometry tests with Heloderma suspectum venom revealed binding to the S3–S4 loop within voltage-sensing domain IV of the skeletal muscle channel subtype, NaV1.4. Consistent with tachycardia reported in clinical cases, the venom also bound to voltage-sensing domain IV of the cardiac smooth muscle calcium channel, CaV1.2. While Varanus varius venom did not have discernable effects in the avian tissue preparation assay at the concentration tested, in the biointerferometry assay both V. varius and V. salvadorii bound to voltage-sensing domain IV of both NaV1.4 and CaV1.2, similar to H. suspectum venom. The ability of varanid venoms to bind to mammalian ion channels but not to the avian tissue preparation suggests prey-selective actions, as did the differential potency within the Heloderma venoms for avian versus mammalian pathophysiological targets. This study thus presents the detailed characterization of Heloderma venom ion channel neurotoxicity and offers the first evidence of varanid lizard venom neurotoxicity. In addition, the data not only provide information useful to understanding the clinical effects produced by envenomations, but also reveal their utility as physiological probes, and underscore the potential utility of neglected venomous lineages in the drug design and development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.S.D.); (R.J.H.); (C.N.Z.)
| | - Richard J. Harris
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.S.D.); (R.J.H.); (C.N.Z.)
| | - Christina N. Zdenek
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.S.D.); (R.J.H.); (C.N.Z.)
| | - Tam Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.H.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Wayne C. Hodgson
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.H.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Rudy Fourmy
- Alphabiotoxine Laboratory sprl, Barberie 15, 7911 Montroeul-au-Bois, Belgium; (R.F.); (A.V.)
| | - Aude Violette
- Alphabiotoxine Laboratory sprl, Barberie 15, 7911 Montroeul-au-Bois, Belgium; (R.F.); (A.V.)
| | - Bryan G. Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.S.D.); (R.J.H.); (C.N.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-336-58515
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45
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Biet M, Dansereau M, Sarret P, Dumaine R. The neuronal potassium current I A is a potential target for pain during chronic inflammation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14975. [PMID: 34405579 PMCID: PMC8371350 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels play a key role in the action potential (AP) initiation and its propagation in sensory neurons. Modulation of their activity during chronic inflammation creates a persistent pain state. In this study, we sought to determine how peripheral inflammation caused by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) alters the fast sodium (INa ), L-type calcium (ICaL ), and potassium (IK ) currents in primary afferent fibers to increase nociception. In our model, intraplantar administration of CFA induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at day 14 post-injection. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording in dissociated small (C), medium (Aδ), and large-sized (Aβ) rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we found that CFA prolonged the AP duration and increased the amplitude of the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-r) INa in Aβ fibers. In addition, CFA accelerated the recovery of INa from inactivation in C and Aδ nociceptive fibers but enhanced the late sodium current (INaL ) only in Aδ and Aβ neurons. Inflammation similarly reduced the amplitude of ICaL in each neuronal cell type. Fourteen days after injection, CFA reduced both components of IK (IKdr and IA ) in Aδ fibers. We also found that IA was significantly larger in C and Aδ neurons in normal conditions and during chronic inflammation. Our data, therefore, suggest that targeting the transient potassium current IA represents an efficient way to shift the balance toward antinociception during inflammation, since its activation will selectively decrease the AP duration in nociceptive fibers. Altogether, our data indicate that complex interactions between IK , INa , and ICaL reduce pain threshold by concomitantly enhancing the activity of nociceptive neurons and reducing the inhibitory action of Aβ fibers during chronic inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Nociception
- Nociceptive Pain/metabolism
- Nociceptive Pain/physiopathology
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Sodium Channels/metabolism
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biet
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Marc‐André Dansereau
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Robert Dumaine
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
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Kopach O, Esteras N, Wray S, Abramov AY, Rusakov DA. Genetically engineered MAPT 10+16 mutation causes pathophysiological excitability of human iPSC-derived neurons related to 4R tau-induced dementia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:716. [PMID: 34274950 PMCID: PMC8286258 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human iPSC lines represent a powerful translational model of tauopathies. We have recently described a pathophysiological phenotype of neuronal excitability of human cells derived from the patients with familial frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism (FTDP-17) caused by the MAPT 10+16 splice-site mutation. This mutation leads to the increased splicing of 4R tau isoforms. However, the role of different isoforms of tau protein in initiating neuronal dementia-related dysfunction, and the causality between the MAPT 10+16 mutation and altered neuronal activity have remained unclear. Here, we employed genetically engineered cells, in which the IVS10+16 mutation was introduced into healthy donor iPSCs to increase the expression of 4R tau isoform in exon 10, aiming to explore key physiological traits of iPSC-derived MAPT IVS10+16 neurons using patch-clamp electrophysiology and multiphoton fluorescent imaging techniques. We found that during late in vitro neurogenesis (from ~180 to 230 days) iPSC-derived cortical neurons of the control group (parental wild-type tau) exhibited membrane properties compatible with "mature" neurons. In contrast, MAPT IVS10+16 neurons displayed impaired excitability, as reflected by a depolarized resting membrane potential, an increased input resistance, and reduced voltage-gated Na+- and K+-channel-mediated currents. The mutation changed the channel properties of fast-inactivating Nav and decreased the Nav1.6 protein level. MAPT IVS10+16 neurons exhibited reduced firing accompanied by a changed action potential waveform and severely disturbed intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, both in the soma and dendrites, upon neuronal depolarization. These results unveil a causal link between the MAPT 10+16 mutation, hence overproduction of 4R tau, and a dysfunction of human cells, identifying a biophysical basis of changed neuronal activity in 4R tau-triggered dementia. Our study lends further support to using iPSC lines as a suitable platform for modelling tau-induced human neuropathology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Noemí Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dmitri A Rusakov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Andreazza F, Valbon WR, Wang Q, Liu F, Xu P, Bandason E, Chen M, Wu S, Smith LB, Scott JG, Jiang Y, Jiang D, Zhang A, Oliveira EE, Dong K. Sodium channel activation underlies transfluthrin repellency in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009546. [PMID: 34237076 PMCID: PMC8266078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Volatile pyrethroid insecticides, such as transfluthrin, have received increasing attention for their potent repellent activities in recent years for controlling human disease vectors. It has been long understood that pyrethroids kill insects by promoting activation and inhibiting inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the mechanism of pyrethroid repellency remains poorly understood and controversial. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we show that transfluthrin repels Aedes aegypti in a hand-in-cage assay at nonlethal concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Contrary to a previous report, transfluthrin does not elicit any electroantennogram (EAG) responses, indicating that it does not activate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). The 1S-cis isomer of transfluthrin, which does not activate sodium channels, does not elicit repellency. Mutations in the sodium channel gene that reduce the potency of transfluthrin on sodium channels decrease transfluthrin repellency but do not affect repellency by DEET. Furthermore, transfluthrin enhances DEET repellency. Conclusions/Significance These results provide a surprising example that sodium channel activation alone is sufficient to potently repel mosquitoes. Our findings of sodium channel activation as the principal mechanism of transfluthrin repellency and potentiation of DEET repellency have broad implications in future development of a new generation of dual-target repellent formulations to more effectively repel a variety of human disease vectors. Vector-transmitted human diseases, such as dengue fever, represent serious global health burdens. Pyrethroids, including transfluthrin, are widely used as insecticides and repellents due to their low mammalian toxicity and relatively benign environmental impact. Pyrethroids target voltage-gated sodium channels for their insecticidal action. However, the mechanism of pyrethroid repellency remains unclear and controversial. Insect repellency is traditionally thought to be mediated by olfactory receptors. We made two important discoveries in this study, showing that transfluthrin repellency is via activation of sodium channels and transfluthrin enhances DEET repellency. Discovery of sodium channel activation as a major mechanism of pyrethroid repellency has broad significance in insect olfaction study, repellents development, and control of human disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andreazza
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wilson R. Valbon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Bandason
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mengli Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Wu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Leticia B. Smith
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Youfa Jiang
- Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jacquerie K, Drion G. Robust switches in thalamic network activity require a timescale separation between sodium and T-type calcium channel activations. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008997. [PMID: 34003841 PMCID: PMC8162675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Switches in brain states, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation are fundamental processes in our brain that take place concomitantly across several spatial and timescales. All these processes target neuron intrinsic properties and connectivity to achieve specific physiological goals, raising the question of how they can operate without interfering with each other. Here, we highlight the central importance of a timescale separation in the activation of sodium and T-type calcium channels to sustain robust switches in brain states in thalamic neurons that are compatible with synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation. We quantify the role of this timescale separation by comparing the robustness of rhythms of six published conductance-based models at the cellular, circuit and network levels. We show that robust rhythm generation requires a T-type calcium channel activation whose kinetics are situated between sodium channel activation and T-type calcium channel inactivation in all models despite their quantitative differences. Our brain is constantly processing information either from the environment to quickly react to incoming events or learning from experience to shape our memory. These brain states translate a collective activity of neurons interconnected via synaptic connections. Here, we focus on the thalamic network showing a transition from an active to an oscillatory mode at the population level, reverberating a switch from tonic to bursting mode at the cellular level. We are questioning how these activity fluctuations can be robustly modeled despite synaptic plasticity affecting the network configuration and the presence of neuromodulators affecting neuron intrinsic properties. To do so, we investigate six conductance-based models and their ability to reproduce activity switches at the cellular, circuit and population levels. We highlight that the robustness requires the timescale separation between the fast activation of sodium channels compared to the slow activation of T-type calcium channels. Our results show that this kinetics difference is not a computational detail but rather makes a model suitable and robust to study the interaction between switches in brain states, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Jacquerie
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillaume Drion
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Lee H, Kwon OB, Lee JE, Jeon YH, Lee DS, Min SH, Kim JW. Repositioning Trimebutine Maleate as a Cancer Treatment Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040918. [PMID: 33923707 PMCID: PMC8072797 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall five-year survival rate for late-stage patients of ovarian cancer is below 29% due to disease recurrence and drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as a major contributor to drug resistance and recurrence. Accordingly, therapies targeting ovarian CSCs are needed to overcome the limitations of present treatments. This study evaluated the effect of trimebutine maleate (TM) targeting ovarian CSCs, using A2780-SP cells acquired by a sphere culture of A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells. TM is indicated as a gastrointestinal motility modulator and is known to as a peripheral opioid receptor agonist and a blocker for various channels. The GI50 of TM was approximately 0.4 µM in A2780-SP cells but over 100 µM in A2780 cells, demonstrating CSCs specific growth inhibition. TM induced G0/G1 arrest and increased the AV+/PI+ dead cell population in the A2780-SP samples. Furthermore, TM treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in A2780-SP xenograft mice. Voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) and calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) were overexpressed on ovarian CSCs and targeted by TM; inhibition of both channels reduced A2780-SP cells viability. TM reduced stemness-related protein expression; this tendency was reproduced by the simultaneous inhibition of VGCC and BKCa compared to single channel inhibition. In addition, TM suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways which contribute to many CSCs characteristics. Specifically, further suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by simultaneous inhibition of BKCa and VGCC is necessary for the effective and selective action of TM. Taken together, TM is a potential therapeutic drug for preventing ovarian cancer recurrence and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Yong-Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
| | - Jun-Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (O.-B.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (S.-H.M.); (J.-W.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7366 (D.-S.L.); +82-53-790-5228 (S.-H.M.); +82-53-790-5251 (J.W.K.)
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50
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Kubik TD, Snell TK, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Wilusz J, Anderson JR, Lozano-Fuentes S, Black WC, Campbell CL. Aedes aegypti miRNA-33 modulates permethrin induced toxicity by regulating VGSC transcripts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7301. [PMID: 33790374 PMCID: PMC8012613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a major vector of Zika, dengue, and other arboviruses. Permethrin adulticidal spraying, which targets the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), is commonly done to reduce local mosquito populations and protect humans from exposure to arbovirus pathogens transmitted by this dangerous pest. Permethrin resistance, however, is a growing problem and understanding its underlying molecular basis may identify avenues to combat it. We identified a single G:C polymorphism in pre-miR-33 that was genetically associated with permethrin resistance; resulting isoforms had structural differences that may affect DICER-1/pre-miRNA processing rates. We then assessed the effects of overexpression of pre-miR-33 isoforms on permethrin toxicological phenotypes, VGSC transcript abundance and protein levels for two genetically related mosquito strains. One strain had its naturally high permethrin resistance levels maintained by periodic treatment, and the other was released from selection. VGSC protein levels were lower in the permethrin resistant strain than in the related permethrin-susceptible strain. Overexpression of the G-pre-miR-33 isoform reduced VGSC expression levels in both strains. To further elucidate changes in gene expression associated with permethrin resistance, exome-capture gDNA deep sequencing, genetic association mapping and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed that transport genes, in particular, were selected in resistant versus susceptible mosquitoes. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-33 regulates VGSC expression as part of a nuanced system of neuronal regulation that contributes to a network of heritable features determining permethrin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Kubik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Trey K Snell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Saul Lozano-Fuentes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Corey L Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1685, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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