1
|
Sommerfeld LC, Holmes AP, Yu TY, O'Shea C, Kavanagh DM, Pike JM, Wright T, Syeda F, Aljehani A, Kew T, Cardoso VR, Kabir SN, Hepburn C, Menon PR, Broadway-Stringer S, O'Reilly M, Witten A, Fortmueller L, Lutz S, Kulle A, Gkoutos GV, Pavlovic D, Arlt W, Lavery GG, Steeds R, Gehmlich K, Stoll M, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Reduced plakoglobin increases the risk of sodium current defects and atrial conduction abnormalities in response to androgenic anabolic steroid abuse. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38345865 DOI: 10.1113/jp284597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are commonly abused by young men. Male sex and increased AAS levels are associated with earlier and more severe manifestation of common cardiac conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, and rare ones, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Clinical observations suggest a potential atrial involvement in ARVC. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is caused by desmosomal gene defects, including reduced plakoglobin expression. Here, we analysed clinical records from 146 ARVC patients to identify that ARVC is more common in males than females. Patients with ARVC also had an increased incidence of atrial arrhythmias and P wave changes. To study desmosomal vulnerability and the effects of AAS on the atria, young adult male mice, heterozygously deficient for plakoglobin (Plako+/- ), and wild type (WT) littermates were chronically exposed to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo. The DHT increased atrial expression of pro-hypertrophic, fibrotic and inflammatory transcripts. In mice with reduced plakoglobin, DHT exaggerated P wave abnormalities, atrial conduction slowing, sodium current depletion, action potential amplitude reduction and the fall in action potential depolarization rate. Super-resolution microscopy revealed a decrease in NaV 1.5 membrane clustering in Plako+/- atrial cardiomyocytes after DHT exposure. In summary, AAS combined with plakoglobin deficiency cause pathological atrial electrical remodelling in young male hearts. Male sex is likely to increase the risk of atrial arrhythmia, particularly in those with desmosomal gene variants. This risk is likely to be exaggerated further by AAS use. KEY POINTS: Androgenic male sex hormones, such as testosterone, might increase the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), which is often caused by desmosomal gene defects (e.g. reduced plakoglobin expression). In this study, we observed a significantly higher proportion of males who had ARVC compared with females, and atrial arrhythmias and P wave changes represented a common observation in advanced ARVC stages. In mice with reduced plakoglobin expression, chronic administration of 5α-dihydrotestosterone led to P wave abnormalities, atrial conduction slowing, sodium current depletion and a decrease in membrane-localized NaV 1.5 clusters. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, therefore, represents a stimulus aggravating the pro-arrhythmic phenotype in carriers of desmosomal mutations and can affect atrial electrical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research and Training Centre in Physical Sciences for Health, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research and Training Centre in Physical Sciences for Health, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deirdre M Kavanagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeremy M Pike
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Wright
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fahima Syeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Areej Aljehani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tania Kew
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victor R Cardoso
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Hepburn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Priyanka R Menon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Molly O'Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anika Witten
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Fortmueller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kulle
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR), Midlands Site, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London UK & Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Steeds
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monika Stoll
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics of the Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baines O, Sha R, Kalla M, Holmes AP, Efimov IR, Pavlovic D, O’Shea C. Optical mapping and optogenetics in cardiac electrophysiology research and therapy: a state-of-the-art review. Europace 2024; 26:euae017. [PMID: 38227822 PMCID: PMC10847904 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art innovations in optical cardiac electrophysiology are significantly enhancing cardiac research. A potential leap into patient care is now on the horizon. Optical mapping, using fluorescent probes and high-speed cameras, offers detailed insights into cardiac activity and arrhythmias by analysing electrical signals, calcium dynamics, and metabolism. Optogenetics utilizes light-sensitive ion channels and pumps to realize contactless, cell-selective cardiac actuation for modelling arrhythmia, restoring sinus rhythm, and probing complex cell-cell interactions. The merging of optogenetics and optical mapping techniques for 'all-optical' electrophysiology marks a significant step forward. This combination allows for the contactless actuation and sensing of cardiac electrophysiology, offering unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution and control. Recent studies have performed all-optical imaging ex vivo and achieved reliable optogenetic pacing in vivo, narrowing the gap for clinical use. Progress in optical electrophysiology continues at pace. Advances in motion tracking methods are removing the necessity of motion uncoupling, a key limitation of optical mapping. Innovations in optoelectronics, including miniaturized, biocompatible illumination and circuitry, are enabling the creation of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators with optoelectrical closed-loop systems. Computational modelling and machine learning are emerging as pivotal tools in enhancing optical techniques, offering new avenues for analysing complex data and optimizing therapeutic strategies. However, key challenges remain including opsin delivery, real-time data processing, longevity, and chronic effects of optoelectronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in optical mapping and optogenetics and outlines the promising future of optics in reshaping cardiac electrophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rina Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manish Kalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Shea C, Winter J, Kabir SN, O'Reilly M, Wells SP, Baines O, Sommerfeld LC, Correia J, Lei M, Kirchhof P, Holmes AP, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. Publisher Correction: High resolution optical mapping of cardiac electrophysiology in pre-clinical models. Sci Data 2024; 11:93. [PMID: 38238379 PMCID: PMC10796748 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Molly O'Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Wells
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura C Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sha R, Baines O, Hayes A, Tompkins K, Kalla M, Holmes AP, O'Shea C, Pavlovic D. Impact of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Treatment Options. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032277. [PMID: 38156451 PMCID: PMC10863823 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and hospitalization. Obesity significantly increases AF risk, both directly and indirectly, through related conditions, like hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Obesity-driven structural and electrical remodeling contribute to AF via several reported mechanisms, including adiposity, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, ion channel alterations, and autonomic dysfunction. In particular, expanding epicardial adipose tissue during obesity has been suggested as a key driver of AF via paracrine signaling and direct infiltration. Weight loss has been shown to reverse these changes and reduce AF risk and recurrence after ablation. However, studies on how obesity affects pharmacologic or interventional AF treatments are limited. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which obesity mediates AF and treatment outcomes, aiming to provide insight into obesity-drug interactions and guide personalized treatment for this patient subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Abbie Hayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Katie Tompkins
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Manish Kalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wells SP, Raaijmakers AJ, Curl CL, O’Shea C, Hayes S, Mellor KM, Kalman JM, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D, Delbridge LM, Bell JR. Localized cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation is associated with slowed epicardial conduction in rats. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213296. [PMID: 37787979 PMCID: PMC10547601 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmural action potential duration differences and transmural conduction gradients aid the synchronization of left ventricular repolarization, reducing vulnerability to transmural reentry and arrhythmias. A high-fat diet and the associated accumulation of pericardial adipose tissue are linked with conduction slowing and greater arrhythmia vulnerability. It is predicted that cardiac adiposity may more readily influence epicardial conduction (versus endocardial) and disrupt normal transmural activation/repolarization gradients. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether transmural conduction gradients are modified in a rat model of pericardial adiposity. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control/high-fat diets for 15 wk. Left ventricular 300 µm tangential slices were generated from the endocardium to the epicardium, and conduction was mapped using microelectrode arrays. Slices were then histologically processed to assess fibrosis and cardiomyocyte lipid status. Conduction velocity was significantly greater in epicardial versus endocardial slices in control rats, supporting the concept of a transmural conduction gradient. High-fat diet feeding increased pericardial adiposity and abolished the transmural conduction gradient. Slowed epicardial conduction in epicardial slices strongly correlated with an increase in cardiomyocyte lipid content, but not fibrosis. The positive transmural conduction gradient reported here represents a physiological property of the ventricular activation sequence that likely protects against reentry. The absence of this gradient, secondary to conduction slowing and cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation, specifically in the epicardium, indicates a novel mechanism by which pericardial adiposity may exacerbate ventricular arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Wells
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Claire L. Curl
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Kimberley M. Mellor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M. Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Sciences (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lea M.D. Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James R. Bell
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hall C, Law JP, Reyat JS, Cumberland MJ, Hang S, Vo NTN, Raniga K, Weston CJ, O'Shea C, Townend JN, Gehmlich K, Ferro CJ, Denning C, Pavlovic D. Chronic activation of human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro attenuates the reversibility of the myofibroblast phenotype. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12137. [PMID: 37495732 PMCID: PMC10372150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of cardiac fibroblasts and differentiation to myofibroblasts underlies development of pathological cardiac fibrosis, leading to arrhythmias and heart failure. Myofibroblasts are characterised by increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) fibre expression, secretion of collagens and changes in proliferation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and increased mechanical stress can initiate myofibroblast activation. Reversibility of the myofibroblast phenotype has been observed in murine cells but has not been explored in human cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, chronically activated adult primary human ventricular cardiac fibroblasts and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cFbs (hiPSC-cFbs) were used to investigate the potential for reversal of the myofibroblast phenotype using either subculture on soft substrates or TGF-β receptor inhibition. Culture on softer plates (25 or 2 kPa Young's modulus) did not alter proliferation or reduce expression of α-SMA and collagen 1. Similarly, culture of myofibroblasts in the presence of TGF-β inhibitor did not reverse myofibroblasts back to a quiescent phenotype. Chronically activated hiPSC-cFbs also showed attenuated response to TGF-β receptor inhibition and inability to reverse to quiescent fibroblast phenotype. Our data demonstrate substantial loss of TGF-β signalling plasticity as well as a loss of feedback from the surrounding mechanical environment in chronically activated human myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hall
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan P Law
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jasmeet S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Max J Cumberland
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shaun Hang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kavita Raniga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris J Weston
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Townend
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Charles J Ferro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad FS, Jin Y, Grassam-Rowe A, Zhou Y, Yuan M, Fan X, Zhou R, Mu-u-min R, O'Shea C, Ibrahim AM, Hyder W, Aguib Y, Yacoub M, Pavlovic D, Zhang Y, Tan X, Lei M, Terrar DA. Generation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells resembling atrial cells with ability to respond to adrenoceptor agonists. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220312. [PMID: 37122218 PMCID: PMC10150206 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia presenting a heavy disease burden. We report a new approach for generating cardiomyocytes (CMs) resembling atrial cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a combination of Gremlin 2 and retinoic acid treatment. More than 40% of myocytes showed rod-shaped morphology, expression of CM proteins (including ryanodine receptor 2, α-actinin-2 and F-actin) and striated appearance, all of which were broadly similar to the characteristics of adult atrial myocytes (AMs). Isolated myocytes were electrically quiescent until stimulated to fire action potentials with an AM profile and an amplitude of approximately 100 mV, arising from a resting potential of approximately -70 mV. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis showed a high level of expression of several atrial-specific transcripts including NPPA, MYL7, HOXA3, SLN, KCNJ4, KCNJ5 and KCNA5. Amplitudes of calcium transients recorded from spontaneously beating cultures were increased by the stimulation of α-adrenoceptors (activated by phenylephrine and blocked by prazosin) or β-adrenoceptors (activated by isoproterenol and blocked by CGP20712A). Our new approach provides human AMs with mature characteristics from hiPSCs which will facilitate drug discovery by enabling the study of human atrial cell signalling pathways and AF. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizzan S. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
- Cure8bio, Inc, 395 Fulton Street, Westbury, NY 11590, USA
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Yafei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
| | - Razik Mu-u-min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ayman M. Ibrahim
- Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan 1242770, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Wajiha Hyder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Yasmine Aguib
- Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan 1242770, Egypt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Middlesex SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan 1242770, Egypt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Middlesex SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 6400, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Derek A. Terrar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pavlovic D, Sahoo P, Larson HJ, Karafillakis E. Factors influencing healthcare professionals' confidence in vaccination in Europe: a literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2041360. [PMID: 35290160 PMCID: PMC9009961 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-care professionals (HCPs) have a fundamental role in vaccination, their own beliefs and attitudes affecting both their uptake and recommendation of vaccines. This literature review (n = 89) summarises evidence on HCPs’ perceptions of the risks and benefits of vaccination, trust, and perceptions of mandatory vaccination in Europe. HCPs across studies believed that vaccination is important to protect themselves and their patients. However, beliefs that some diseases such as influenza are less risky were reported by some HCPs as a reason for not getting vaccinated. Concerns about both short- and long-term side effects were identified among HCPs in most studies, such as those affecting the immune or neurological system. Mistrust toward health authorities and pharmaceutical industry was reported in some studies. The question of mandatory vaccination revealed mixed opinions, with some favoring self-determination and others viewing vaccination as a duty. This review highlights key factors influencing HCPs’ confidence in vaccination in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Pavlovic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Sahoo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H J Larson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Karafillakis
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Reilly M, Sommerfeld LC, O'Shea C, Broadway-Stringer S, Andaleeb S, Reyat JS, Kabir SN, Stastny D, Malinova A, Delbue D, Fortmueller L, Gehmlich K, Pavlovic D, Skryabin BV, Holmes AP, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Familial atrial fibrillation mutation M1875T-SCN5A increases early sodium current and dampens the effect of flecainide. Europace 2022; 25:1152-1161. [PMID: 36504385 PMCID: PMC10062360 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding ion channels are associated with familial AF. The point mutation M1875T in the SCN5A gene, which encodes the α-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5, has been associated with increased atrial excitability and familial AF in patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed a new murine model carrying the Scn5a-M1875T mutation enabling us to study the effects of the Nav1.5 mutation in detail in vivo and in vitro using patch clamp and microelectrode recording of atrial cardiomyocytes, optical mapping, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, gravimetry, histology, and biochemistry. Atrial cardiomyocytes from newly generated adult Scn5a-M1875T+/- mice showed a selective increase in the early (peak) cardiac sodium current, larger action potential amplitude, and a faster peak upstroke velocity. Conduction slowing caused by the sodium channel blocker flecainide was less pronounced in Scn5a-M1875T+/- compared to wildtype atria. Overt hypertrophy or heart failure in Scn5a-M1875T+/- mice could be excluded. CONCLUSION The Scn5a-M1875T point mutation causes gain-of-function of the cardiac sodium channel. Our results suggest increased atrial peak sodium current as a potential trigger for increased atrial excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly O'Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura C Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,DZHK Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - C O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S Broadway-Stringer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S Andaleeb
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - J S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - S N Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Stastny
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - A Malinova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Delbue
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,DZHK Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - L Fortmueller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,DZHK Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - K Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - B V Skryabin
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility Transgenic animal and genetic engineering Models (TRAM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - A P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,DZHK Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - L Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,DZHK Standort Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, UKE Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kabir S, Holmes A, O'Shea C, Pavlovic D. Atria display reduced conduction velocity and enhanced sensitivity to flecainide compared to ventricles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Law J, Kabir S, O'Shea C, Gallagher L, Morgan J, Chua W, Townend J, Ferro C, Pavlovic D. Fibroblast growth factor 23 shortens left ventricular action potential duration and increases arrhythmogenicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
O'Shea C, Winter J, Holmes A, Correia JN, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. Sympathetic nervous stimulation promotes complex rotational ventricular fibrillation events in guinea pig hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
13
|
Ackers-Johnson M, Foo RS, Pavlovic D. Mouse cardiomyocyte isolation: Filling the age gaps. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:124-125. [PMID: 35817159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine MD6, National University Health System, 117599, Singapore; NUHS Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Roger S Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine MD6, National University Health System, 117599, Singapore; NUHS Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Level 8, 117599, Singapore
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Johnson DM, Pavlovic D. What is actually preserved in HFpEF? Focus on myocyte calcium handling remodelling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:115-116. [PMID: 35714696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren H, Pu Z, Sun T, Chen T, Liu L, Liu Z, O’Shea C, Pavlovic D, Tan X, Lei M. High-Resolution 3D Heart Models of Cardiomyocyte Subpopulations in Cleared Murine Heart. Front Physiol 2022; 13:779514. [PMID: 35665220 PMCID: PMC9158482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.779514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological tissues are naturally three-dimensional (3D) opaque structures, which poses a major challenge for the deep imaging of spatial distribution and localization of specific cell types in organs in biomedical research. Here we present a 3D heart imaging reconstruction approach by combining an improved heart tissue-clearing technique with high-resolution light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). We have conducted a three-dimensional and multi-scale volumetric imaging of the ultra-thin planes of murine hearts for up to 2,000 images per heart in x-, y-, and z three directions. High-resolution 3D volume heart models were constructed in real-time by the Zeiss Zen program. By using such an approach, we investigated detailed three-dimensional spatial distributions of two specific cardiomyocyte populations including HCN4 expressing pacemaker cells and Pnmt+ cell-derived cardiomyocytes by using reporter mouse lines Hcn4DreER/tdTomato and PnmtCre/ChR2-tdTomato. HCN4 is distributed throughout right atrial nodal regions (i.e., sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes) and the superior-inferior vena cava axis, while Pnmt+ cell-derived cardiomyocytes show distinct ventral, left heart, and dorsal side distribution pattern. Our further electrophysiological analysis indicates that Pnmt + cell-derived cardiomyocytes rich left ventricular (LV) base is more susceptible to ventricular arrhythmia under adrenergic stress than left ventricular apex or right ventricle regions. Thus, our 3D heart imaging reconstruction approach provides a new solution for studying the geometrical, topological, and physiological characteristics of specific cell types in organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ren
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhaoli Pu
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tangting Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Leiying Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O' Brien S, Holmes AP, Johnson DM, Kabir SN, O' Shea C, O' Reilly M, Avezzu A, Reyat JS, Hall AW, Apicella C, Ellinor PT, Niederer S, Tucker NR, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D. Increased atrial effectiveness of flecainide conferred by altered biophysical properties of sodium channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:23-35. [PMID: 35114252 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects over 1% of the population and is a leading cause of stroke and heart failure in the elderly. A feared side effect of sodium channel blocker therapy, ventricular pro-arrhythmia, appears to be relatively rare in patients with AF. The biophysical reasons for this relative safety of sodium blockers are not known. Our data demonstrates intrinsic differences between atrial and ventricular cardiac voltage-gated sodium currents (INa), leading to reduced maximum upstroke velocity of action potential and slower conduction, in left atria compared to ventricle. Reduced atrial INa is only detected at physiological membrane potentials and is driven by alterations in sodium channel biophysical properties and not by NaV1.5 protein expression. Flecainide displayed greater inhibition of atrial INa, greater reduction of maximum upstroke velocity of action potential, and slowed conduction in atrial cells and tissue. Our work highlights differences in biophysical properties of sodium channels in left atria and ventricles and their response to flecainide. These differences can explain the relative safety of sodium channel blocker therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sian O' Brien
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher O' Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Molly O' Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adelisa Avezzu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmeet S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amelia W Hall
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings' College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan R Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Shea C, Winter J, Kabir SN, O'Reilly M, Wells SP, Baines O, Sommerfeld LC, Correia J, Lei M, Kirchhof P, Holmes AP, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. High resolution optical mapping of cardiac electrophysiology in pre-clinical models. Sci Data 2022; 9:135. [PMID: 35361792 PMCID: PMC8971487 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping of animal models is a widely used technique in pre-clinical cardiac research. It has several advantages over other methods, including higher spatial resolution, contactless recording and direct visualisation of action potentials and calcium transients. Optical mapping enables simultaneous study of action potential and calcium transient morphology, conduction dynamics, regional heterogeneity, restitution and arrhythmogenesis. In this dataset, we have optically mapped Langendorff perfused isolated whole hearts (mouse and guinea pig) and superfused isolated atria (mouse). Raw datasets (consisting of over 400 files) can be combined with open-source software for processing and analysis. We have generated a comprehensive post-processed dataset characterising the baseline cardiac electrophysiology in these widely used pre-clinical models. This dataset also provides reference information detailing the effect of heart rate, clinically used anti-arrhythmic drugs, ischaemia-reperfusion and sympathetic nervous stimulation on cardiac electrophysiology. The effects of these interventions can be studied in a global or regional manner, enabling new insights into the prevention and initiation of arrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Molly O'Reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Wells
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura C Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chung YJ, Park KC, Tokar S, Eykyn TR, Fuller W, Pavlovic D, Swietach P, Shattock MJ. SGLT2 inhibitors and the cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger-1: the plot thickens. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2702-2704. [PMID: 34051094 PMCID: PMC8683703 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Chung
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, UK
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergiy Tokar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chung YJ, Park KC, Tokar S, Eykyn TR, Fuller W, Pavlovic D, Swietach P, Shattock MJ. Off-target effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 blockers: empagliflozin does not inhibit Na+/H+ exchanger-1 or lower [Na+]i in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2794-2806. [PMID: 33135077 PMCID: PMC8683707 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emipagliflozin (EMPA) is a potent inhibitor of the renal sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) and an effective treatment for type-2 diabetes. In patients with diabetes and heart failure, EMPA has cardioprotective effects independent of improved glycaemic control, despite SGLT2 not being expressed in the heart. A number of non-canonical mechanisms have been proposed to explain these cardiac effects, most notably an inhibitory action on cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), causing a reduction in intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]i). However, at resting intracellular pH (pHi), NHE1 activity is very low and its pharmacological inhibition is not expected to meaningfully alter steady-state [Na+]i. We re-evaluate this putative EMPA target by measuring cardiac NHE1 activity. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of EMPA on NHE1 activity was tested in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes from measurements of pHi recovery following an ammonium pre-pulse manoeuvre, using cSNARF1 fluorescence imaging. Whereas 10 µM cariporide produced near-complete inhibition, there was no evidence for NHE1 inhibition with EMPA treatment (1, 3, 10, or 30 µM). Intracellular acidification by acetate-superfusion evoked NHE1 activity and raised [Na+]i, reported by sodium binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) fluorescence, but EMPA did not ablate this rise. EMPA (10 µM) also had no significant effect on the rate of cytoplasmic [Na+]i rise upon superfusion of Na+-depleted cells with Na+-containing buffers. In Langendorff-perfused mouse, rat and guinea pig hearts, EMPA did not affect [Na+]i at baseline nor pHi recovery following acute acidosis, as measured by 23Na triple quantum filtered NMR and 31P NMR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that cardiac NHE1 activity is not inhibited by EMPA (or other SGLT2i's) and EMPA has no effect on [Na+]i over a wide range of concentrations, including the therapeutic dose. Thus, the beneficial effects of SGLT2i's in failing hearts should not be interpreted in terms of actions on myocardial NHE1 or intracellular [Na+].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Chung
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Sergiy Tokar
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He S, Kou K, O'Shea C, Chen T, Mu-U-Min R, Dong R, Ren H, Zhou X, Fan Z, Tan X, Pavlovic D, Ou X, Lei M. A dataset of dual calcium and voltage optical mapping in healthy and hypertrophied murine hearts. Sci Data 2021; 8:314. [PMID: 34916511 PMCID: PMC8677726 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological hypertrophy underlies sudden cardiac death due to its high incidence of occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. The alteration of transmural electrophysiological properties in hypertrophic cardiac murine tissue has never been explored previously. In this dataset, we have for the first time conducted high-throughput simultaneous optical imaging of transmembrane potential and calcium transients (CaT) throughout the entire hypertrophic murine hearts at high temporal and spatial resolution. Using ElectroMap, we have conducted multiple parameters analysis including action potential duration/calcium transient duration, conduction velocity, alternans and diastolic interval. Voltage-calcium latency was measured as time difference between action potential and CaT peak. The dataset therefore provides the first high spatial resolution transmural electrophysiological profiling of the murine heart, allowing interrogation of mechanisms driving ventricular arrhythmias associated with pathological hypertrophy. The dataset allows for further reuse and detailed analyses of geometrical, topological and functional analyses and reconstruction of 2-dimensional and 3-dimentional models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kun Kou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Razik Mu-U-Min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruirui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xianhong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sommerfeld L, Holmes AP, Kavanagh DM, Pike JA, O Shea C, Cardoso VR, Kabir SN, Pavlovic D, Gehmlich K, Stoll M, Gkoutos GV, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Desmosomal vulnerability renders left atria more susceptible to detrimental effects of androgenic anabolic steroids. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): CATCH ME Foundation Leducq
BACKGROUND
In cardiac myocytes, desmosomal proteins and ion channels form macromolecular complexes important for maintaining cell adhesion and electrical integrity. High serum levels of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) promote cardiac muscle growth, but any detrimental impact on atrial gene transcription and/or electrophysiological function is unknown.
PURPOSE
To investigate the effects of chronic AAS exposure on atria in a mouse model with desmosomal impairment.
METHODS
Young (8-10 week) male wild-type (WT) and heterozygous plakoglobin-deficient (plako+/-) mice were challenged with the AAS dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo for 6 weeks by osmotic mini pumps. RNA sequencing (n = 3-6 atria/group) revealed effects of genotype and DHT on left atrial (LA) transcription. Membrane-localised cardiac sodium channels (Nav1.5) were visualised using direct STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM, n = 5-11 LA/group, 122 cells in total) and clustering of individual molecules was quantified using persistence-based clustering. Patch clamping of LA cardiac myocytes was used to record whole cell sodium currents (n = 4-5 LA/group, 77 cells in total). LA action potentials and conduction velocity were evaluated using microelectrode and optical mapping techniques (n = 5-9 LA/group).
RESULTS
DHT increased expression of pro-hypertrophic transcripts, e.g. Igf1, Mtpn, fibrosis-associated transcripts, e.g. Col1a1, Col3a1, Lox and pro-inflammatory transcripts, e.g. Ccl6, C7, in both WT and plako+/- LA. Despite Scn5a transcript levels being maintained, dSTORM identified a 29% reduction (p = 0.042) in the number of Nav1.5 localisations at the membrane of plako+/- DHT LA cardiomyocytes, and 25% fewer localisations (p = 0.005) were found within Nav1.5 clusters, compared to WT DHT. Electrophysiological methods revealed a significant reduction in peak sodium current density, decreased action potential amplitude and conduction slowing in plako+/- LA after exposure to DHT.
CONCLUSION
This data suggests that a reduction in plakoglobin expression predisposes atrial cardiomyocytes to detrimental electrophysiological effects of high testosterone levels. This is characterised by a perturbed spatial organisation of Nav1.5, decreased sodium current density and conduction slowing. Abstract Figure. Abstract Picture
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Sommerfeld
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - AP Holmes
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - DM Kavanagh
- University of Birmingham, Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JA Pike
- University of Birmingham, Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C O Shea
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - VR Cardoso
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - SN Kabir
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Pavlovic
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Gehmlich
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Stoll
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - GV Gkoutos
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kirchhof
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Fabritz
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O"reilly M, Sommerfeld L, O"shea C, Broadway-Stringer S, Kabir S, Andaleeb S, Malinova A, Reyat J, Fortmueller L, Pavlovic D, Skryabin BV, Holmes A, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. The SCN5A point mutation M1875T, associated with familial atrial fibrillation, causes a gain-of-function effect of the cardiac Nav1.5 channel in atrial cardiomyocytes. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation Leducq Foundation
Background
The point mutation M1875T in the SCN5A gene, which encodes the pore-forming α-subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.5, has been associated with familial atrial fibrillation (AF), but its effects on atrial cardiomyocyte electrophysiology is unclear.
Aim
To investigate the effect of the point mutation M1875T on atrial electrophysiological parameters.
Methods
In a novel heterozygous knock-in murine model (Scn5a-M1875T+/-), whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to investigate Na+ currents in left atrial (LA) cardiomyocytes isolated from hearts of young adult mice (10-16 weeks). LA microelectrode and optical mapping recordings were used to study action potential (AP) characteristics. Cardiac size and function were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Atrial Scn5a gene and Nav1.5 protein expression were assessed by Rt-PCR and Western blot.
Results
The Na+ current was increased in cardiomyocytes isolated from Scn5a-M1875T+/- LA (wildtype (WT) -22.7 ± 0.9 pA/pF (N = 14, n = 115); Scn5a-M1875T+/- -28.3 ± 1.1 pA/pF (N = 15, n = 117)). Scn5a-M1875T+/- intact isolated superfused LA had an elevated AP amplitude (100 ms pacing cycle length (PCL): WT 86.4 ± 0.9 mV (N = 8, n = 24); Scn5a-M1875T+/- 91.2 ± 0.7 mV (N = 8, n = 25)) and a faster peak upstroke velocity (100 ms PCL: WT 127.98 ± 3.28 mV/ms; Scn5a-M1875T+/- 142.80 ± 3.98 mV/ms). AP duration (APD) was not different apart from a small APD shortening at slow rates. Echocardiography revealed no difference in size and function at the age of investigation. Atrial Scn5a gene and Nav1.5 protein expression were comparable. When challenged with flecainide (1 µM), Scn5a-M1875T+/- LA showed less conduction slowing than WT (100 ms PCL: WT -10.43 ± 1.27 cm/s (N = 12); Scn5a-M1875T+/- -6.10 ± 1.34 cm/s (N = 12)). 5 µM flecainide caused significant increase in WT refractoriness (7/12 atria lost 1:1 capture at PCL ≤ 120 ms) compared to Scn5a-M1875T+/- (1/12).
Conclusion(s): SCN5A point mutation M1875T increases the Na+ current in atrial cardiomyocytes and intact atria, leading to a faster AP upstroke and an attenuated response to flecainide. Abstract Figure 1: Current-Voltage relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O"reilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Sommerfeld
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C O"shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Broadway-Stringer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Andaleeb
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Malinova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Fortmueller
- University hospital Münster, Institute of Human Genetics, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - BV Skryabin
- University of Muenster, Medical Faculty, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Holmes
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kirchhof
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hall C, Law JP, Reyat JS, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Gehmlich K, Weston C, Townend JN, Ferro CJ, Denning C, Pavlovic D. Investigating the potential for reversal of myofibroblast activation in human cardiac fibroblasts in 2D culture. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): BHF MRC
Introduction
Cardiac fibroblasts (cFbs) are responsible for deposition of extracellular matrix in the heart, providing support to the contracting myocardium and contributing to a myriad of physiological signalling processes. Prolonged and excessive activation of cFbs, via stimulation by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), causes conversion of cFbs into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are believed to cause pathological cardiac remodelling and to contribute to heart failure and arrhythmias. Reversion of myofibroblasts into cFbs has been demonstrated in rodent cells; it has yet to be explored in human cells.
Purpose
To characterise the effects of long-term 2D standard culture on the activation status of human cFbs. To identify the potential for human myofibroblasts to dedifferentiate back to cFbs.
Methods
Primary human cFbs were cultured in Corning Costar flasks (Young’s modulus E = ∼3GPa) for up to 10 passages. Cells were subsequently plated onto dishes with a Young’s modulus of ∼3GPa, 25kPa and 2kPa in the presence or absence of TGF-β (10ng/ml) and/or TGF-β receptor I inhibitor SD208 (10nM) for up to 4 days. The proliferative capacity of the cells was assessed using the CyQUANT NF® assay. Cells were assessed for mRNA and protein expression of myofibroblast activation markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-1 by qPCR and western blotting. The localised distribution of α-SMA was assessed by confocal microscopy.
Results
Human cardiac fibroblasts robustly expressed α-SMA. Proliferation was significantly decreased at 2kPa compared to higher Young’s moduli (mean percentage change over 2 days: 2kPa = 115.1, 25kPa = 191.4, 3GPa = 205.9, p < 0.0001). qPCR analysis revealed no significant changes in expression of myofibroblast gene markers α-SMA and collagen 1 at either ∼3GPa, 25kPa or 2kPa Young’s Moduli in the presence or absence of TGF-β treatment (median fold change (interquartile range [IQR]) versus control: TGF-β(α-SMA, 3GPa) = 1.226 (0.820); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 3GPa) = 1.636 (1.403); TGF-β(α-SMA, 25kPa) = 1.069 (7.030); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 25kPa) = 1.103 (0.411); TGF-β(α-SMA, 2kPa) = 0.800 (5.021); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 2kPa) = 1.629 (7.092); n = 2-3). These data was confirmed by western blotting (median relative protein expression (IQR) versus control: TGF-β(α-SMA, 3GPa) = 1.012 (0.500); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 3GPa) = 1.008 (1.466); TGF-β(α-SMA, 25kPa) = 1.321 (2.282); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 25kPa) = 0.944 (1.125); TGF-β(α-SMA, 2kPa) = 1.142 (0.705); TGF-β(Collagen 1, 2kPa) = 0.283 (1.127), p > 0.05; n = 2-3). TGF-β or SD208 treatment did not affect α-SMA expression when assessed by confocal microscopy.
Conclusions
Long-term culture of human cFbs in 2D format leads to a robust and persistent activation of myofibroblasts that is unresponsive to TGF-ß activation or inhibition. Ongoing work is focussed on investigating whether human myofibroblast de-differentiation is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hall
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JP Law
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JS Reyat
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Fabritz
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kirchhof
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Gehmlich
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Weston
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JN Townend
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CJ Ferro
- University Hospital Birmingham, Renal medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Denning
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Pavlovic
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chua W, Law JP, Cardoso VR, Purmah Y, Neculau G, Jawad-Ul-Qamar M, Russell K, Turner A, Tull SP, Nehaj F, Brady P, Kastner P, Ziegler A, Gkoutos GV, Pavlovic D, Ferro CJ, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Quantification of fibroblast growth factor 23 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to identify patients with atrial fibrillation using a high-throughput platform: A validation study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003405. [PMID: 33534825 PMCID: PMC7857735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) requires reliable methods to identify at-risk populations. Using an experimental semi-quantitative biomarker assay, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were recently identified as the most suitable biomarkers for detecting AF in combination with simple morphometric parameters (age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]). In this study, we validated the AF model using standardised, high-throughput, high-sensitivity biomarker assays. METHODS AND FINDINGS For this study, 1,625 consecutive patients with either (1) diagnosed AF or (2) sinus rhythm with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 or more were recruited from a large teaching hospital in Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, between September 2014 and February 2018. Seven-day ambulatory ECG monitoring excluded silent AF. Patients with tachyarrhythmias apart from AF and incomplete cases were excluded. AF was diagnosed according to current clinical guidelines and confirmed by ECG. We developed a high-throughput, high-sensitivity assay for FGF23, quantified plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and FGF23, and compared results to the previously used multibiomarker research assay. Data were fitted to the previously derived model, adjusting for differences in measurement platforms and known confounders (heart failure and chronic kidney disease). In 1,084 patients (46% with AF; median [Q1, Q3] age 70 [60, 78] years, median [Q1, Q3] BMI 28.8 [25.1, 32.8] kg/m2, 59% males), patients with AF had higher concentrations of NT-proBNP (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 12.00 [4.19, 30.15], without AF 4.25 [1.17, 15.70]; p < 0.001) and FGF23 (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 1.93 [1.30, 4.16], without AF 1.55 [1.04, 2.62]; p < 0.001). Univariate associations remained after adjusting for heart failure and estimated glomerular filtration rate, known confounders of NT-proBNP and FGF23. The fitted model yielded a C-statistic of 0.688 (95% CI 0.656, 0.719), almost identical to that of the derived model (C-statistic 0.691; 95% CI 0.638, 0.744). The key limitation is that this validation was performed in a cohort that is very similar demographically to the one used in model development, calling for further external validation. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, and BMI combined with elevated NT-proBNP and elevated FGF23, quantified on a high-throughput platform, reliably identify patients with AF. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry IRAS ID 97753 Health Research Authority (HRA), United Kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Chua
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Law
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victor R. Cardoso
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yanish Purmah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Georgiana Neculau
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Jawad-Ul-Qamar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kalisha Russell
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Turner
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha P. Tull
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frantisek Nehaj
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brady
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - André Ziegler
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Ferro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are the primary cell type responsible for deposition of extracellular matrix in the heart, providing support to the contracting myocardium and contributing to a myriad of physiological signaling processes. Despite the importance of fibrosis in processes of wound healing, excessive fibroblast proliferation and activation can lead to pathological remodeling, driving heart failure and the onset of arrhythmias. Our understanding of the mechanisms driving the cardiac fibroblast activation and proliferation is expanding, and evidence for their direct and indirect effects on cardiac myocyte function is accumulating. In this review, we focus on the importance of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and the cross talk of cardiac fibroblasts with cardiac myocytes. We also consider the current use of models used to explore these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hall
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham United Kingdom.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wells S, Raaijmakers A, Curl C, O'Shea C, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D, Delbridge L, Bell J. Disruption to Mouse Ventricular Transmural Conduction Gradients in a Setting of High Cardiac Adiposity. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Reyat JS, Chua W, Cardoso VR, Witten A, Kastner PM, Kabir SN, Sinner MF, Wesselink R, Holmes AP, Pavlovic D, Stoll M, Kääb S, Gkoutos GV, de Groot JR, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. Reduced left atrial cardiomyocyte PITX2 and elevated circulating BMP10 predict atrial fibrillation after ablation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139179. [PMID: 32814717 PMCID: PMC7455124 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDGenomic and experimental studies suggest a role for PITX2 in atrial fibrillation (AF). To assess if this association is relevant for recurrent AF in patients, we tested whether left atrial PITX2 affects recurrent AF after AF ablation.METHODSmRNA concentrations of PITX2 and its cardiac isoform, PITX2c, were quantified in left atrial appendages (LAAs) from patients undergoing thoracoscopic AF ablation, either in whole LAA tissue (n = 83) or in LAA cardiomyocytes (n = 52), and combined with clinical parameters to predict AF recurrence. Literature suggests that BMP10 is a PITX2-repressed, atrial-specific, secreted protein. BMP10 plasma concentrations were combined with 11 cardiovascular biomarkers and clinical parameters to predict recurrent AF after catheter ablation in 359 patients.RESULTSReduced concentrations of cardiomyocyte PITX2, but not whole LAA tissue PITX2, were associated with AF recurrence after thoracoscopic AF ablation (16% decreased recurrence per 2-(ΔΔCt) increase in PITX2). RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting confirmed that BMP10 is one of the most PITX2-repressed atrial genes. Left atrial size (HR per mm increase [95% CI], 1.055 [1.028, 1.082]); nonparoxysmal AF (HR 1.672 [1.206, 2.318]), and elevated BMP10 (HR 1.339 [CI 1.159, 1.546] per quartile increase) were predictive of recurrent AF. BMP10 outperformed 11 other cardiovascular biomarkers in predicting recurrent AF.CONCLUSIONSReduced left atrial cardiomyocyte PITX2 and elevated plasma concentrations of the PITX2-repressed, secreted atrial protein BMP10 identify patients at risk of recurrent AF after ablation.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01091389, NL50069.018.14, Dutch National Registry of Clinical Research Projects EK494-16.FUNDINGBritish Heart Foundation, European Union (H2020), Leducq Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor R. Cardoso
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Witten
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Moritz F. Sinner
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Robin Wesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research Midlands, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joris R. de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) and Sandwell and West Birmingham (SWBH) NHS Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Heart and Vascular Center, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) and Sandwell and West Birmingham (SWBH) NHS Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
O'Shea C, Kabir SN, Holmes AP, Lei M, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. Cardiac optical mapping - State-of-the-art and future challenges. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105804. [PMID: 32681973 PMCID: PMC7456775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac optical mapping is a fluorescent imaging method to study electrical behaviour and calcium handling in the heart. Optical mapping provides higher spatio-temporal resolution than electrode techniques, allowing unique insights into cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease from a variety of pre-clinical models. Both transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium dynamics can be studied with the use of appropriate fluorescent dyes. Optical mapping has traditionally required the use of mechanical uncouplers, however computational and technical developments have lessened the requirement for these agents. Novel fluorescent dyes have been developed to optimise spectral properties, experimental timescales, biological compatibility and fluorescence output. The combination of these developments has made possible novel mapping experiments, including recent in vivo application of the technique.
Cardiac optical mapping utilises fluorescent dyes to directly image the electrical function of the heart at a high spatio-temporal resolution which far exceeds electrode techniques. It has therefore become an invaluable tool in cardiac electrophysiological research to map the propagation of heterogeneous electrical signals across the myocardium. In this review, we introduce the principles behind cardiac optical mapping and discuss some of the challenges and state of the art in the field. Key advancements discussed include newly developed fluorescent indicators, tools for the analysis of complex datasets, panoramic imaging systems and technical and computational approaches to realise optical mapping in freely beating hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Nashitha Kabir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mendonca Costa C, Anderson GC, Meijborg VMF, O’Shea C, Shattock MJ, Kirchhof P, Coronel R, Niederer S, Pavlovic D, Dhanjal T, Winter J. The Amplitude-Normalized Area of a Bipolar Electrogram as a Measure of Local Conduction Delay in the Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32508676 PMCID: PMC7248250 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-entrant ventricular tachycardia may be non-inducible or haemodynamically compromising, requiring assessment of the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium during sinus rhythm (i.e., substrate mapping). Areas of heart tissue with slow conduction can act as a critical isthmus for re-entrant electrical excitation and are a potential target for ablation therapy. AIM To develop and validate a novel metric of local conduction delay in the heart, the amplitude-normalized electrogram area (norm_EA). METHODS A computational model of a propagating mouse action potential was used to establish the impact of altering sodium channel conductance, intracellular conductivity, fibrosis density, and electrode size/orientation on bipolar electrogram morphology. Findings were then validated in experimental studies in mouse and guinea pig hearts instrumented for the recording of bipolar electrograms from a multipolar linear mapping catheter. norm_EA was calculated by integrating the absolute area of a bipolar electrogram divided by the electrogram amplitude. Electrogram metrics were correlated with the local conduction delay during sodium channel block, gap junction inhibition, and acute ischemia. RESULTS In computational simulations, reducing sodium channel conductance and intracellular conductivity resulted in a decrease in signal amplitude and increase in norm_EA (reflecting a broadening of electrogram morphology). For larger electrodes (3 mm diameter/7.1 mm2 area), the change in norm_EA was essentially linear with the change in local conduction delay. Experimental studies supported this finding, showing that the magnitude of change in norm_EA induced by flecainide (1-4 μM), carbenoxolone (10-50 μM), and low-flow ischemia (25% of initial flow rate) was linearly correlated with the local conduction delay in each condition (r 2 = 0.92). Qualitatively similar effects were observed in guinea pig hearts perfused with flecainide. Increasing fibrosis density in the computational model also resulted in a decrease in signal amplitude and increase in norm_EA. However, this remains to be validated using experimental/clinical data of chronic infarct. CONCLUSION norm_EA is a quantitative measure of local conduction delay between the electrode pair that generates a bipolar electrogram, which may have utility in electrophysiological substrate mapping of non-inducible or haemodynamically compromising tachyarrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mendonca Costa
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grace C. Anderson
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher O’Shea
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, SWBH NHS Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LIRYC, Heart Arrhythmia and Modeling Institute, Pessac, France
| | - Steven Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tarvinder Dhanjal
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - James Winter
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Law JP, Price AM, Pickup L, Radhakrishnan A, Weston C, Jones AM, McGettrick HM, Chua W, Steeds RP, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D, Townend JN, Ferro CJ. Clinical Potential of Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and αKlotho in the Treatment of Uremic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016041. [PMID: 32212912 PMCID: PMC7428638 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent, affecting 10% to 15% of the adult population worldwide and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As chronic kidney disease worsens, a unique cardiovascular phenotype develops characterized by heart muscle disease, increased arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Cardiovascular risk is multifaceted, but most cardiovascular deaths in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease are caused by heart failure and sudden cardiac death. While the exact drivers of these deaths are unknown, they are believed to be caused by uremic cardiomyopathy: a specific pattern of myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, with both diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Although the pathogenesis of uremic cardiomyopathy is likely to be multifactorial, accumulating evidence suggests increased production of fibroblast growth factor-23 and αKlotho deficiency as potential major drivers of cardiac remodeling in patients with uremic cardiomyopathy. In this article we review the increasing understanding of the physiology and clinical aspects of uremic cardiomyopathy and the rapidly increasing knowledge of the biology of both fibroblast growth factor-23 and αKlotho. Finally, we discuss how dissection of these pathological processes is aiding the development of therapeutic options, including small molecules and antibodies, directly aimed at improving the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Law
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna M. Price
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Luke Pickup
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Radhakrishnan
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Weston
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Winnie Chua
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Steeds
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N. Townend
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Ferro
- Birmingham Cardio‐Renal GroupUniversity Hospitals BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bastug-Özel Z, Wright PT, Kraft AE, Pavlovic D, Howie J, Froese A, Fuller W, Gorelik J, Shattock MJ, Nikolaev VO. Heart failure leads to altered β2-adrenoceptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate dynamics in the sarcolemmal phospholemman/Na,K ATPase microdomain. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:546-555. [PMID: 30165515 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates cardiac excitation-contraction coupling by acting in microdomains associated with sarcolemmal ion channels. However, local real time cAMP dynamics in such microdomains has not been visualized before. We sought to directly monitor cAMP in a microdomain formed around sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) in healthy and failing cardiomyocytes and to better understand alterations of cAMP compartmentation in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor termed phospholemman (PLM)-Epac1 was developed by fusing a highly sensitive cAMP sensor Epac1-camps to the C-terminus of PLM. Live cell imaging in PLM-Epac1 and Epac1-camps expressing adult rat ventricular myocytes revealed extensive regulation of NKA/PLM microdomain-associated cAMP levels by β2-adrenoceptors (β2-ARs). Local cAMP pools stimulated by these receptors were tightly controlled by phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 3. In chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction, dramatic reduction of the microdomain-specific β2-AR/cAMP signals and β2-AR dependent PLM phosphorylation was accompanied by a pronounced loss of local PDE3 and an increase in PDE2 effects. CONCLUSIONS NKA/PLM complex forms a distinct cAMP microdomain which is directly regulated by β2-ARs and is under predominant control by PDE3. In heart failure, local changes in PDE repertoire result in blunted β2-AR signalling to cAMP in the vicinity of PLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bastug-Özel
- Clinic of Cardiology and Heart Research Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter T Wright
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Axel E Kraft
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacqueline Howie
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Fuller
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
O'Brien SM, Holmes AP, Johnson DM, Tessari M, Faggian G, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D. Reduced Sodium Currents and Increased Sensitivity to Flecainide in Atrial Cardiomyocytes, Compared to Ventricular. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
Ever since British Physician William Withering first described the use of foxglove extract for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure in 1785, cardiotonic steroids have been used clinically to treat heart failure and more recently atrial fibrillation. Due to their ability to bind and inhibit the ubiquitous transport enzyme sodium potassium pump, thus regulating intracellular Na+ concentration in every living cell, they are also an essential tool for research into the sodium potassium pump structure and function. Exogenous CTS have been clearly demonstrated to affect cardiovascular system through modulation of vagal tone, cardiac contraction (via ionic changes) and altered natriuresis. Reports of a number of endogenous CTS, since the 1980s, have intensified research into their physiologic and pathophysiologic roles and opened up novel therapeutic targets. Substantive evidence pointing to the role of endogenous ouabain and marinobufagenin, the two most prominent CTS, in development of cardiovascular disease has accumulated. Nevertheless, their presence, structure, biosynthesis pathways and even mechanism of action remain unclear or controversial. In this review the current state-of-the-art, the controversies and the remaining questions surrounding the role of endogenous cardiotonic steroids in health and disease are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
O'Shea C, Pavlovic D, Rajpoot K, Winter J. Examination of the Effects of Conduction Slowing on the Upstroke of Optically Recorded Action Potentials. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1295. [PMID: 31681008 PMCID: PMC6798176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The upstroke of optical action potentials (APs) recorded from intact hearts are generally recognized to be slower than those recorded with microelectrodes. This is thought to reflect spatial signal averaging within the volume of tissue that makes up the optical signal. However, to date, there has been no direct experimental study on the relationship between conduction velocity (CV) and optical AP upstroke morphology in the intact heart. Notably, it is known that sodium channel block and gap junction inhibition, which both slow CV, exert differential effects on the upstroke velocity of microelectrode-recorded APs. Whether such differences are evident in optical APs is not known. The present study sought to determine the relationship between tissue CV and optical AP upstroke velocity in intact mouse hearts. Materials and Methods Isolated, perfused mouse hearts were stained with the potentiometric dye Rh-237. Fluorescent signals were recorded from across the anterior surface of the left and right ventricles during constant pacing. Maximum rate of change in fluorescence (dF/dtmax) and tissue CV were assessed in control conditions, during an acute period of low-flow ischemia, and following perfusion of flecainide (1–3 μmol/L), a sodium channel blocker, or carbenoxolone (10–50 μmol/L), a gap junction inhibitor. Results During epicardial pacing, an anisotropic pattern was observed in both activation and dF/dtmax maps, with more rapid optical AP upstroke velocities orientated along the fastest conduction paths (and vice versa). Low-flow ischemia resulted in a time-dependent slowing of ventricular CV, which was accompanied by a concomitant reduction in optical AP upstroke velocity. All values returned to baseline on tissue reperfusion. Both flecainide and carbenoxolone were associated with a concentration-dependent reduction in CV and decrease in optical AP upstroke velocity, despite distinct mechanisms of action. Similar responses to carbenoxolone were observed for low- (156 μm pixel with) and high- (20 μm pixel width) magnification recordings. Comparison of data from all interventions revealed a linear relationship between CV and upstroke dF/dt. Conclusion In intact mouse hearts, slowing of optical AP upstroke velocity is directly proportional to the change in CV associated with low-flow ischemia, sodium channel block, and gap junction inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wells SP, Waddell HM, Sim CB, Lim SY, Bernasochi GB, Pavlovic D, Kirchhof P, Porrello ER, Delbridge LMD, Bell JR. Cardiomyocyte functional screening: interrogating comparative electrophysiology of high-throughput model cell systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1256-C1267. [PMID: 31577512 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias of both atrial and ventricular origin are an important feature of cardiovascular disease. Novel antiarrhythmic therapies are required to overcome current drug limitations related to effectiveness and pro-arrhythmia risk in some contexts. Cardiomyocyte culture models provide a high-throughput platform for screening antiarrhythmic compounds, but comparative information about electrophysiological properties of commonly used types of cardiomyocyte preparations is lacking. Standardization of cultured cardiomyocyte microelectrode array (MEA) experimentation is required for its application as a high-throughput platform for antiarrhythmic drug development. The aim of this study was to directly compare the electrophysiological properties and responses to isoproterenol of three commonly used cardiac cultures. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), immortalized atrial HL-1 cells, and custom-generated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were cultured on microelectrode arrays for 48-120 h. Extracellular field potentials were recorded, and conduction velocity was mapped in the presence/absence of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (1 µM). Field potential amplitude and conduction velocity were greatest in NRVMs and did not differ in cardiomyocytes isolated from male/female hearts. Both NRVMs and hiPSC-CMs exhibited longer field potential durations with rate dependence and were responsive to isoproterenol. In contrast, HL-1 cells exhibited slower conduction and shorter field potential durations and did not respond to 1 µM isoproterenol. This is the first study to compare the intrinsic electrophysiologic properties of cultured cardiomyocyte preparations commonly used for in vitro electrophysiology assessment. These findings offer important comparative data to inform methodological approaches in the use of MEA and other techniques relating to cardiomyocyte functional screening investigations of particular relevance to arrhythmogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Wells
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Waddell
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel B Bernasochi
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Departments of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dong R, Mu-u-min R, Reith AJM, O’Shea C, He S, Duan K, Kou K, Grassam-Rowe A, Tan X, Pavlovic D, Ou X, Lei M. A Protocol for Dual Calcium-Voltage Optical Mapping in Murine Sinoatrial Preparation With Optogenetic Pacing. Front Physiol 2019; 10:954. [PMID: 31456689 PMCID: PMC6698704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the animal models for studying the molecular basis of atrial and sinoatrial node (SAN) biology and disease, the mouse is a widely used species due to its feasibility for genetic modifications in genes encoding ion channels or calcium handling and signaling proteins in the heart. It is therefore highly valuable to develop robust methodologies for studying SAN and atrial electrophysiological function in this species. Here, we describe a protocol for performing dual calcium-voltage optical mapping on mouse sinoatrial preparation (SAP), in combination with an optogenetic approach, for studying SAP membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ transients, and pacemaker activity. The protocol includes the details for preparing the intact SAP, robust tissue dual-dye loading, light-programmed pacing, and high-resolution optical mapping. Our protocol provides an example of use of the combination of optogenetic and optical mapping techniques for investigating SAP membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ transients and pacemaker activity with high temporal and spatial resolution in specific cardiac tissues. Thus, our protocol provides a useful tool for studying SAP physiology and pathophysiology in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Razik Mu-u-min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaizhong Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Kou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xianhong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He S, Wen Q, O’Shea C, Mu-u-min R, Kou K, Grassam-Rowe A, Liu Y, Fan Z, Tan X, Ou X, Camelliti P, Pavlovic D, Lei M. A Protocol for Transverse Cardiac Slicing and Optical Mapping in Murine Heart. Front Physiol 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31293436 PMCID: PMC6603341 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin living tissue slices have recently emerged as a new tissue model for cardiac electrophysiological research. Slices can be produced from human cardiac tissue, in addition to small and large mammalian hearts, representing a powerful in vitro model system for preclinical and translational heart research. In the present protocol, we describe a detailed mouse heart transverse slicing and optical imaging methodology. The use of this technology for high-throughput optical imaging allows study of electrophysiology of murine hearts in an organotypic pseudo two-dimensional model. The slices are cut at right angles to the long axis of the heart, permitting robust interrogation of transmembrane potential (Vm) and calcium transients (CaT) throughout the entire heart with exceptional regional precision. This approach enables the use of a series of slices prepared from the ventricles to measure Vm and CaT with high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing (i) comparison of successive slices which form a stack representing the original geometry of the heart; (ii) profiling of transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT in the ventricle; (iii) characterization of transmural and regional profiles of action potential and CaT alternans under stress (e.g., high frequency pacing or β-adrenergic stimulation) or pathological conditions (e.g., hypertrophy). Thus, the protocol described here provides a powerful platform for innovative research on electrical and calcium handling heterogeneity within the heart. It can be also combined with optogenetic technology to carry out optical stimulation; aiding studies of cellular Vm and CaT in a cell type specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Q. Wen
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C. O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Mu-u-min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K. Kou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - A. Grassam-Rowe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Z. Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - X. Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - X. Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - P. Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - D. Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
O'Shea C, Holmes AP, Yu TY, Winter J, Wells SP, Parker BA, Fobian D, Johnson DM, Correia J, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31233017 DOI: 10.3791/59663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping is an established technique for high spatio-temporal resolution study of cardiac electrophysiology in multi-cellular preparations. Here we present, in a step-by-step guide, the use of ElectroMap for analysis, quantification, and mapping of high-resolution voltage and calcium datasets acquired by optical mapping. ElectroMap analysis options cover a wide variety of key electrophysiological parameters, and the graphical user interface allows straightforward modification of pre-processing and parameter definitions, making ElectroMap applicable to a wide range of experimental models. We show how built-in pacing frequency detection and signal segmentation allows high-throughput analysis of entire experimental recordings, acute responses, and single beat-to-beat variability. Additionally, ElectroMap incorporates automated multi-beat averaging to improve signal quality of noisy datasets, and here we demonstrate how this feature can help elucidate electrophysiological changes that might otherwise go undetected when using single beat analysis. Custom modules are included within the software for detailed investigation of conduction, single file analysis, and alternans, as demonstrated here. This software platform can be used to enable and accelerate the processing, analysis, and mapping of complex cardiac electrophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham; EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham; School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Simon P Wells
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Beth A Parker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Dannie Fobian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | | | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | | | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sladoje DP, Cancar O, Cancar V, Kisic B, Pavlovic D. Resistin as a signal molecule in pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
40
|
O’Shea C, Holmes AP, Winter J, Correia J, Ou X, Dong R, He S, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. Cardiac Optogenetics and Optical Mapping - Overcoming Spectral Congestion in All-Optical Cardiac Electrophysiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 30899227 PMCID: PMC6416196 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic control of the heart is an emergent technology that offers unparalleled spatio-temporal control of cardiac dynamics via light-sensitive ion pumps and channels (opsins). This fast-evolving technique holds broad scope in both clinical and basic research setting. Combination of optogenetics with optical mapping of voltage or calcium fluorescent probes facilitates 'all-optical' electrophysiology, allowing precise optogenetic actuation of cardiac tissue with high spatio-temporal resolution imaging of action potential and calcium transient morphology and conduction patterns. In this review, we provide a synopsis of optogenetics and discuss in detail its use and compatibility with optical interrogation of cardiac electrophysiology. We briefly discuss the benefits of all-optical cardiac control and electrophysiological interrogation compared to traditional techniques, and describe mechanisms, unique features and limitations of optically induced cardiac control. In particular, we focus on state-of-the-art setup design, challenges in light delivery and filtering, and compatibility of opsins with fluorescent reporters used in optical mapping. The interaction of cardiac tissue with light, and physical and computational approaches to overcome the 'spectral congestion' that arises from the combination of optogenetics and optical mapping are discussed. Finally, we summarize recent preclinical work applications of combined cardiac optogenetics and optical mapping approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xianhong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
O'Shea C, Holmes AP, Yu TY, Winter J, Wells SP, Correia J, Boukens BJ, De Groot JR, Chu GS, Li X, Ng GA, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. ElectroMap: High-throughput open-source software for analysis and mapping of cardiac electrophysiology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1389. [PMID: 30718782 PMCID: PMC6362081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to record and analyse electrical behaviour across the heart using optical and electrode mapping has revolutionised cardiac research. However, wider uptake of these technologies is constrained by the lack of multi-functional and robustly characterised analysis and mapping software. We present ElectroMap, an adaptable, high-throughput, open-source software for processing, analysis and mapping of complex electrophysiology datasets from diverse experimental models and acquisition modalities. Key innovation is development of standalone module for quantification of conduction velocity, employing multiple methodologies, currently not widely available to researchers. ElectroMap has also been designed to support multiple methodologies for accurate calculation of activation, repolarisation, arrhythmia detection, calcium handling and beat-to-beat heterogeneity. ElectroMap implements automated signal segmentation, ensemble averaging and integrates optogenetic approaches. Here we employ ElectroMap for analysis, mapping and detection of pro-arrhythmic phenomena in silico, in cellulo, animal model and in vivo patient datasets. We anticipate that ElectroMap will accelerate innovative cardiac research and enhance the uptake, application and interpretation of mapping technologies leading to novel approaches for arrhythmia prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon P Wells
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris R De Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin S Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Andre Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wells S, O'shea C, Waddell H, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D, Delbridge L, Bell J. Acute Oestradiol Slows Conduction in Male, but not Female, Murine Left Atria. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- T I Usichenko
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Mustea
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Pavlovic
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wen Q, Gandhi K, Capel RA, Hao G, O'Shea C, Neagu G, Pearcey S, Pavlovic D, Terrar DA, Wu J, Faggian G, Camelliti P, Lei M. Transverse cardiac slicing and optical imaging for analysis of transmural gradients in membrane potential and Ca 2+ transients in murine heart. J Physiol 2018; 596:3951-3965. [PMID: 29928770 PMCID: PMC6117587 DOI: 10.1113/jp276239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points A robust cardiac slicing approach was developed for optical mapping of transmural gradients in transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) of murine heart. Significant transmural gradients in Vm and CaT were observed in the left ventricle. Frequency‐dependent action potentials and CaT alternans were observed in all ventricular regions with rapid pacing, with significantly greater incidence in the endocardium than epicardium. The observations demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach to cardiac slicing for systematic analysis of intrinsic transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT.
Abstract Transmural and regional gradients in membrane potential and Ca2+ transient in the murine heart are largely unexplored. Here, we developed and validated a robust approach which combines transverse ultra‐thin cardiac slices and high resolution optical mapping to enable systematic analysis of transmural and regional gradients in transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) across the entire murine ventricles. The voltage dye RH237 or Ca2+ dye Rhod‐2 AM were loaded through the coronary circulation using a Langendorff perfusion system. Short‐axis slices (300 μm thick) were prepared from the entire ventricles (from the apex to the base) by using a high‐precision vibratome. Action potentials (APs) and CaTs were recorded with optical mapping during steady‐state baseline and rapid pacing. Significant transmural gradients in Vm and CaT were observed in the left ventricle, with longer AP duration (APD50 and APD75) and CaT duration (CaTD50 and CaTD75) in the endocardium compared with that in the epicardium. No significant regional gradients were observed along the apico‐basal axis of the left ventricle. Interventricular gradients were detected with significantly shorter APD50, APD75 and CaTD50 in the right ventricle compared with left ventricle and ventricular septum. During rapid pacing, AP and CaT alternans were observed in most ventricular regions, with significantly greater incidence in the endocardium in comparison with epicardium. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach to cardiac slicing for systematic analysis of intrinsic transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT in murine ventricular tissue. A robust cardiac slicing approach was developed for optical mapping of transmural gradients in transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular Ca2+ transient (CaT) of murine heart. Significant transmural gradients in Vm and CaT were observed in the left ventricle. Frequency‐dependent action potentials and CaT alternans were observed in all ventricular regions with rapid pacing, with significantly greater incidence in the endocardium than epicardium. The observations demonstrate the feasibility of our new approach to cardiac slicing for systematic analysis of intrinsic transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wen
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K Gandhi
- Medical School, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rebecca A Capel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 6400, China
| | - C O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Pearcey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek A Terrar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Wu
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - G Faggian
- Medical School, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - M Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 6400, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Winter J, Bishop MJ, Wilder CDE, O'Shea C, Pavlovic D, Shattock MJ. Sympathetic Nervous Regulation of Calcium and Action Potential Alternans in the Intact Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29410631 PMCID: PMC5787134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Arrhythmogenic cardiac alternans are thought to be an important determinant for the initiation of ventricular fibrillation. There is limited information on the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) on alternans in the intact heart and the conclusions of existing studies, focused on investigating electrical alternans, are conflicted. Meanwhile, several lines of evidence implicate instabilities in Ca handling, not electrical restitution, as the primary mechanism underpinning alternans. Despite this, there have been no studies on Ca alternans and SNS in the intact heart. The present study sought to address this, by application of voltage and Ca optical mapping for the simultaneous study of APD and Ca alternans in the intact guinea pig heart during direct SNS. Objective: To determine the effects of SNS on APD and Ca alternans in the intact guinea pig heart and to examine the mechanism(s) by which the effects of SNS are mediated. Methods and Results: Studies utilized simultaneous voltage and Ca optical mapping in isolated guinea pig hearts with intact innervation. Alternans were induced using a rapid dynamic pacing protocol. SNS was associated with rate-independent shortening of action potential duration (APD) and the suppression of APD and Ca alternans, as indicated by a shift in the alternans threshold to faster pacing rates. Qualitatively similar results were observed with exogenous noradrenaline perfusion. In contrast with previous reports, both SNS and noradrenaline acted to flatten the slope of the electrical restitution curve. Pharmacological block of the slow delayed rectifying potassium current (IKs), sufficient to abolish IKs-mediated APD-adaptation, partially reversed the effects of SNS on pacing-induced alternans. Treatment with cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase, had opposite effects to that of SNS, acting to increase susceptibility to alternans, and suggesting that accelerated Ca reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum is a major mechanism by which SNS suppresses alternans in the guinea pig heart. Conclusions: SNS suppresses calcium and action potential alternans in the intact guinea pig heart by an action mediated through accelerated Ca handling and via increased IKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Winter
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Bishop
- Biomedical Engineering Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine D E Wilder
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
O’Brien SM, Holmes A, Parnell G, Apicella C, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D. 221 Altered biophysical properties of the voltage-gated sodium channels in mouse atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
48
|
O’Shea C, Holmes A, Yu TY, Winter J, Correia J, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. 188 Development of a novel software package for high-throughput processing and analysis of cardiac optical mapping data. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
49
|
López-Aguilera J, Segura Saint-Gerons JM, Sánchez Fernández J, Mazuelos Bellido F, Pan Álvarez-Ossorio M, Suárez de Lezo J, Romero Moreno M, Ojeda Pineda S, Pavlovic D, Mesa Rubio D, Rodriguez Diego S, Ferreiro C, Durán E, Chavarría J, Moya González J, Suárez de Lezo J. Long-term clinical impact of permanent cardiac pacing after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve prosthesis: a single center experience. Europace 2017; 20:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J López-Aguilera
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J M Segura Saint-Gerons
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J Sánchez Fernández
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - F Mazuelos Bellido
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - M Pan Álvarez-Ossorio
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J Suárez de Lezo
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - M Romero Moreno
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - S Ojeda Pineda
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - D Pavlovic
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - D Mesa Rubio
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - S Rodriguez Diego
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - C Ferreiro
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - E Durán
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J Chavarría
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J Moya González
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba), Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| | - J Suárez de Lezo
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba)/Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC in Spanish)/University of Cordoba. Avd/Menéndez Pidal s/n. CP 14011, CÓRDOBA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jevtovic-Stoimenov T, Cvetkovic T, Despotovic M, Basic J, Cvetkovic J, Marjanovic G, Pavlovic D. The influence of TNF alpha -308 G/A polymorphism on oxidative stress in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 54:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|