51
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Adero PO, Furukawa T, Huang M, Mukherjee D, Retailleau P, Bohé L, Crich D. Cation Clock Reactions for the Determination of Relative Reaction Kinetics in Glycosylation Reactions: Applications to Gluco- and Mannopyranosyl Sulfoxide and Trichloroacetimidate Type Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10336-45. [PMID: 26207807 PMCID: PMC4545385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cation clock method based on the intramolecular Sakurai reaction for probing the concentration dependence of the nucleophile in glycosylation reactions is described. The method is developed for the sulfoxide and trichloroacetimidate glycosylation protocols. The method reveals that O-glycosylation reactions have stronger concentration dependencies than C-glycosylation reactions consistent with a more associative, S(N)2-like character. For the 4,6-O-benzylidene-directed mannosylation reaction a significant difference in concentration dependence is found for the formation of the β- and α-anomers, suggesting a difference in mechanism and a rationale for the optimization of selectivity regardless of the type of donor employed. In the mannose series the cyclization reaction employed as clock results in the formation of cis and trans-fused oxabicyclo[4,4,0]decanes as products with the latter being strongly indicative of the involvement of a conformationally mobile transient glycosyl oxocarbenium ion. With identical protecting group arrays cyclization in the glucopyranose series is more rapid than in the mannopyranose manifold. The potential application of related clock reactions in other carbenium ion-based branches of organic synthesis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip O. Adero
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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52
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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53
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Zhu Y, Yu B. Highly Stereoselective β-Mannopyranosylation via the 1-α-Glycosyloxy-isochromenylium-4-gold(I) Intermediates. Chemistry 2015; 21:8771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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54
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Sun P, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang C, Liu S, Lu J, Li M. Construction of β-Mannosidic Bonds via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylations with Mannopyranosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates and Its Application in Synthesis of Acremomannolipin A. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4164-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shaojing Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Lu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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55
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Chen X, Shen D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Yu B. ortho-(Methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as new glycosyl donors for latent-active glycosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13957-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new glycosylation protocol with ortho-(methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as donors is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dacheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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56
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Ranade SC, Demchenko AV. Glycosyl alkoxythioimidates as building blocks for glycosylation: a reactivity study. Carbohydr Res 2014; 403:115-22. [PMID: 25043398 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural modifications of the leaving group of S-glycosyl O-methyl phenylcarbamothioates (SNea) involving change of substituents that express different electronic effects led to a better understanding of how the reactivity of these glycosyl donors can be modified by changing the structure of their leaving groups. Mechanistic studies involving the isolation of departed aglycones were indicative of the direct activation of both p-methoxy-SNea and p-nitro-SNea leaving groups via the anomeric sulfur rather than the remote nitrogen atom. The presence of an electron donating substituent (p-methoxy) has a strong effect on the nucleophilicity of the sulfur atom that becomes more susceptible toward the attack of thiophilic reagents, in particular. This key observation allowed to differentiate the reactivity levels of p-methoxy-SNea versus p-nitro-SNea and even unmodified SNea leaving groups. The reactivity difference observed in the series of SNea leaving groups is sufficient to be exploited in expeditious oligosaccharide synthesis via selective activation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha C Ranade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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57
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Bennett CS. Principles of modern solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1686-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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58
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Komarova BS, Orekhova MV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Is an acyl group at O-3 in glucosyl donors able to control α-stereoselectivity of glycosylation? The role of conformational mobility and the protecting group at O-6. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:70-86. [PMID: 24368161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereodirecting effect of a 3-O-acetyl protecting group, which is potentially capable of the remote anchimeric participation, and other protecting groups in 2-O-benzyl glucosyl donors with flexible and rigid conformations has been investigated. To this aim, an array of N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl and sulfoxide donors bearing either 3-O-acetyl or 3-O-benzyl groups in combination with 4,6-di-O-benzyl, 6-O-acyl-4-O-benzyl, or 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting groups was prepared. The conformationally flexible 3-O-acetylated glucosyl donor protected at other positions with O-benzyl groups demonstrated very low or no α-stereoselectivity upon glycosylation of primary or secondary acceptors. On the contrary, 3,6-di-O-acylated glucosyl donors proved to be highly α-stereoselective as well as the donor having a single potentially participating acetyl group at O-6. The 3,6-di-O-acylated donor was shown to be the best α-glucosylating block for the primary acceptor, whereas the best α-selectivity of glycosylation of the secondary acceptor was achieved with the 6-O-acylated donor. Glycosylation of the secondary acceptor with the conformationally constrained 3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-protected donor displayed under standard conditions (-35°C) even lower α-selectivity as compared to the 3-O-benzyl analogue. However, increasing the reaction temperature essentially raised the α-stereoselectivities of glycosylation with both 3-O-acetyl and 3-O-benzyl donors and made them almost equal. The stereodirecting effects of protecting groups observed for N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl donors were also generally proven for sulfoxide donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Orekhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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59
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Ranade SC, Demchenko AV. Mechanism of Chemical Glycosylation: Focus on the Mode of Activation and Departure of Anomeric Leaving Groups. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.749264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha C. Ranade
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
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60
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Yang L, Qin Q, Ye XS. Preactivation: An Alternative Strategy in Stereoselective Glycosylation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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61
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Yasomanee JP, Demchenko AV. From Stereocontrolled Glycosylation to Expeditious Oligosaccharide Synthesis. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2013. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.25.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Yang B, Yoshida K, Yin Z, Dai H, Kavunja H, El-Dakdouki MH, Sungsuwan S, Dulaney SB, Huang X. Chemical synthesis of a heparan sulfate glycopeptide: syndecan-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10185-9. [PMID: 22961711 PMCID: PMC3517022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The highly complex structure of syndecan-1 heparan sulfate glycopeptide was successfully assembled. The protective groups utilized and sequences for glycosyl linkage formation and protective group removal are critical for the success of synthesis. This is the first time this type of sulfated glycopeptides has been prepared, which lays the foundation to access other members of this important class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Hang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Herbert Kavunja
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Suttipun Sungsuwan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Steven B. Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (USA), Fax: (+1) 517-353-1793
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63
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Yang B, Yoshida K, Yin Z, Dai H, Kavunja H, El-Dakdouki MH, Sungsuwan S, Dulaney SB, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of a Heparan Sulfate Glycopeptide: Syndecan-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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64
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Novel glycolipid TLR2 ligands of the type Pam2Cys-α-Gal: Synthesis and biological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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65
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Uriel C, Ventura J, Gómez AM, López JC, Fraser-Reid B. Methyl 1,2-Orthoesters as Useful Glycosyl Donors in Glycosylation Reactions: A Comparison with n-Pent-4-enyl 1,2-Orthoesters. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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66
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Kröck L, Esposito D, Castagner B, Wang CC, Bindschädler P, Seeberger PH. Streamlined access to conjugation-ready glycans by automated synthesis. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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67
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Jack Lu Y, Liu Y, Prashad M, Shieh WC. Synthesis of Vildagliptin-β-<i>O</i>-Glucuronide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2012.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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68
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Ishiwata A, Sakurai A, Ito Y. Accelerated O-Glycosylation under Frozen Conditions and Its Application to the Synthesis of Complex Glycans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2012. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.24.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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69
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Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery and Its Application to Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycans. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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70
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Codée JDC, Walvoort MTC, de Jong AR, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Mannuronic Acids: Reactivity and Selectivity. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.624284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D. C. Codée
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ana-Rae de Jong
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Lodder
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- a Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden , The Netherlands
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71
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Crich D. Methodology development and physical organic chemistry: a powerful combination for the advancement of glycochemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9193-209. [PMID: 21919522 PMCID: PMC3215858 DOI: 10.1021/jo2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective outlines work in the Crich group on the diastereoselective synthesis of the so-called difficult classes of glycosidic bond: the 2-deoxy-β-glycopyranosides, the β-mannopyranosides, the α-sialosides, the α-glucopyranosides, and the β-arabinofuranosides with an emphasis on the critical interplay between mechanism and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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72
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Kaeothip S, Demchenko AV. Expeditious oligosaccharide synthesis via selective, semi-orthogonal, and orthogonal activation. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1371-88. [PMID: 21663897 PMCID: PMC3129461 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional strategies for oligosaccharide synthesis often require extensive protecting and/or leaving group manipulations between each glycosylation step, thereby increasing the total number of synthetic steps while decreasing the efficiency of the synthesis. In contrast, expeditious strategies allow for the rapid chemical synthesis of complex carbohydrates by minimizing extraneous chemical manipulations. Oligosaccharide synthesis by selective activation of one leaving group over another is one such expeditious strategy. Herein, the significant improvements that have recently emerged in the area of the selective activation are discussed. The development of orthogonal strategy further expands the scope of the selective activation methodology. Surveyed in this article, are representative examples wherein these excellent innovations have been applied to the synthesis of various oligosaccharide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophon Kaeothip
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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73
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Hasty SJ, Kleine MA, Demchenko AV. S-Benzimidazolyl glycosides as a platform for oligosaccharide synthesis by an active-latent strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4197-201. [PMID: 21433229 PMCID: PMC3150471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Hasty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121 (USA)
| | - Matthew A. Kleine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121 (USA)
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121 (USA)
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74
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Hasty SJ, Kleine MA, Demchenko AV. S-Benzimidazolyl Glycosides as a Platform for Oligosaccharide Synthesis by an Active-Latent Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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Baek JY, Lee BY, Pal R, Lee WY, Kim KS. Direct glycosylation with anomeric hydroxy sugars by activation with 3-fluorophthalic anhydride and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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76
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Abstract
Glycosylation is arguably the most important reaction in the field of glycochemistry, yet it involves one of the most empirically interpreted mechanisms in the science of organic chemistry. The beta-mannopyranosides, long considered one of the more difficult classes of glycosidic bond to prepare, were no exception to this rule. A number of logical but circuitous routes for their preparation were described in the literature, but they were accompanied by an even greater number of mostly ineffective recipes with which to access them directly. This situation changed in 1996 with the discovery of the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal as a control element permitting direct entry into the beta-mannopyranosides, typically with high yield and selectivity. The unexpected nature of this phenomenon demanded study of the mechanism, leading first to the demonstration of the alpha-mannopyranosyl triflates as reaction intermediates and then to the development of alpha-deuterium kinetic isotope effect methods to probe their transformation into the product glycosides. In this Account, we assemble our observations into a comprehensive assessment consistent with a single mechanistic scheme. The realization that in the glucopyranose series the 4,6-O-benzylidene acetal is alpha- rather than beta-directing led to further investigations of substituent effects on the stereoselectivity of these glycosylation reactions, culminating in their explanation in terms of the covalent alpha-glycosyl triflates acting as a reservoir for a series of transient contact and solvent-separated ion pairs. The function of the benzylidene acetal, as explained by Bols and co-workers, is to lock the C6-O6 bond antiperiplanar to the C5-O5 bond, thereby maximizing its electron-withdrawing effect, destabilizing the glycosyl oxocarbenium ion, and shifting the equilibria as far as possible toward the covalent triflate. beta-Selective reactions result from attack of the nucleophile on the transient contact ion pair in which the alpha-face of the oxocarbenium ion is shielded by the triflate counterion. The alpha-products arise from attack either on the solvent-separated ion pair or on a free oxocarbenium ion, according to the dictates of the anomeric effect. Changes in selectivity from varying stereochemistry (glucose versus mannose) or from using different protecting groups can be explained by the shifting position of the key equilibria and, in particular, by the energy differences between the covalent triflate and the ion pairs. Of particular note is the importance of substitutents at the 3-position of the donor; an explanation is proposed that invokes their evolving torsional interaction with the substituent at C2 as the chair form of the covalent triflate moves toward the half-chair of the oxocarbenium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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77
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Ali A, van den Berg RJ, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JD. The methylsulfonylethoxymethyl (Msem) as a hydroxyl protecting group in oligosaccharide synthesis. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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78
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Tam PH, Lowary TL. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan fragments as haptens for potential anti-tuberculosis vaccines. CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730891-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Hang Tam
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
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79
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Eller S, Weishaupt M, Seeberger PH. Solution- and solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730891-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eller
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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80
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Walvoort MT, Dinkelaar J, van den Bos LJ, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, Codée JD, van der Marel GA. The impact of oxacarbenium ion conformers on the stereochemical outcome of glycosylations. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1252-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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81
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Chang SS, Shih CH, Lai KC, Mong KKT. Rate-Dependent Inverse-Addition β-Selective Mannosylation and Contiguous Sequential Glycosylation Involving β-Mannosidic Bond Formation. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1152-62. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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82
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Lee BY, Chang YK, Suk DH, Kim KS. Stereoselective α-Sialylation with Sialyl Pentenoates as Donors and PhSeOTf as the Activator. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.03.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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83
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Vidadala SR, Thadke SA, Hotha S. Orthogonal activation of propargyl and n-pentenyl glycosides and 1,2-orthoesters. J Org Chem 2010; 74:9233-6. [PMID: 19886637 DOI: 10.1021/jo901837z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An orthogonal activation strategy with propargyl and n-pentenyl glycosides has been identified. According to this methodology, n-pentenyl glycosides can be selectively activated with NIS/TMSOTf in the presence of either armed or disarmed propargyl O-glycosides. In addition, we report herein that propargyl 1,2-orthoesters can be selectively activated with AuBr(3) in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature in the presence of n-pentenyl glycosides. Similarly, pentenyl 1,2-orthoesters can be selectively activated with NIS/Yb(OTf)(3) in the presence of propargyl glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Vidadala
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Combi Chem-BioResource Center, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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84
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Yang B, Jing Y, Huang X. Fluorous-Assisted One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2010; 2010:1290-1298. [PMID: 22505838 PMCID: PMC3324286 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method for oligosaccharide assembly that combines the advantages of one-pot synthesis and fluorous separation is described. After one-pot glycosylations are completed, a fluorous tag is introduced into the reaction mixture to selectively "catch" the desired oligosaccharide, which is rapidly separated from non-fluorous impurities by fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE). Subsequent "release" of the fluo rous tag and F-SPE achieved the purification of the desired oligosaccharide without the use of time- and solvent-consuming silica gel chromatography. Linear and branched oligosaccharides have been synthesized with this approach in just a few hours (for the overall oligosaccharide assembly and purification process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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85
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Li Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhu C, Yang Y, Yu B. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation with Glycosylortho-Alkynylbenzoates as Donors: General Scope and Application in the Synthesis of a Cyclic Triterpene Saponin. Chemistry 2010; 16:1871-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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86
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Ishiwata A, Lee YJ, Ito Y. Recent advances in stereoselective glycosylation through intramolecular aglycon delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3596-608. [DOI: 10.1039/c004281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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87
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Superarmed and superdisarmed building blocks in expeditious oligosaccharide synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 301:189-221. [PMID: 21120713 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
: Traditional strategies for oligosaccharide synthesis often require extensive protecting and/or leaving group manipulations between each glycosylation step, thereby increasing the total number of synthetic steps while decreasing both the efficiency and yield. In contrast, expeditious strategies allow for the rapid chemical synthesis of complex carbohydrates by minimizing extraneous chemical manipulations. The armed-disarmed approach for chemoselective oligosaccharide synthesis is one such strategy that addresses these challenges. Herein, the significant improvements that have recently emerged in the area of chemoselective activation are discussed. These advancements have expanded the scope of the armed-disarmed methodology so that it can now be applied to a wider range of oligosaccharide sequences, in comparison to the original concept. Surveyed in this chapter are representative examples wherein these excellent innovations have already been applied to the synthesis of various oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
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88
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Baek JY, Lee BY, Jo MG, Kim KS. β-Directing Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Groups at O-3, O-4, and O-6 Positions and α-Directing Effect by Remote Participation of 3-O-Acyl and 6-O-Acetyl Groups of Donors in Mannopyranosylations. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17705-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yuel Baek
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Myung Gi Jo
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Kim
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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89
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Leyden R, Velasco-Torrijos T, André S, Gouin S, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Bivalent Lactosides Based on Terephthalamide, N,N′-Diglucosylterephthalamide, and Glycophane Scaffolds and Assessment of Their Inhibitory Capacity on Medically Relevant Lectins. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9010-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901667r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Leyden
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastien Gouin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway
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90
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Park SM, Suk DH, Kim KS. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Cell Wall Polysaccharide fromKineosporia aurantiacaVKM Ac-720TEmploying the Direct Glycosylation with Anomeric Hydroxy Sugars Involving Glycosyl Phthalate Intermediates. J Carbohydr Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300903003352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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91
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Smoot JT, Demchenko AV. Oligosaccharide synthesis: from conventional methods to modern expeditious strategies. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2009; 62:161-250. [PMID: 19501706 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(09)00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T Smoot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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92
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93
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94
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Hanashima S, Ishikawa D, Akai S, Sato KI. Synthesis of the starfish ganglioside LLG-3 tetrasaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:747-52. [PMID: 19281969 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the ganglioside LLG-3 tetrasaccharide, which has attractive biological activities as well as a unique structure, is described. A C8-methoxy decorated sialic acid building block was initially prepared and a glycolic acid moiety was then introduced by sialylation. Amide condensation between the sialyl glycolic acid and an amino group at C5 on the sialyllactoside unit afforded the fully protected LLG-3 tetrasaccharide. Finally, the desired tetrasaccharide part of LLG-3 was obtained after careful global deprotection. [structure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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95
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Crich D, Li L. Stereocontrolled synthesis of D- and L-beta-rhamnopyranosides with 4-O-6-S-alpha-cyanobenzylidene-protected 6-thiorhamnopyranosyl thioglycosides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:773-81. [PMID: 19132946 PMCID: PMC2696688 DOI: 10.1021/jo8022439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of both enantiomers of a 4-O-6-S-alpha-cyanobenzylidene-protected 6-thiorhamnopyranosyl thioglycoside is described starting from D-mannnose and L-arabinose derivatives for the D- and L-series, respectively. This donor is effective in the preparation of the corresponding beta-glycosides using the 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine/trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride protocol. Following desulfurization and concomitant debenzylation with Raney nickel, the so-formed 6-thio-beta-mannosides are converted in high yield to the beta-rhamnopyranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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96
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Vidadala SR, Hotha S. Methyl glycosides are identified as glycosyl donors for the synthesis of glycosides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2505-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b822526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Codée JDC, van den Bos LJ, de Jong AR, Dinkelaar J, Lodder G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. The Stereodirecting Effect of the Glycosyl C5-Carboxylate Ester: Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Mannuronic Acid Alginates. J Org Chem 2008; 74:38-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert J. van den Bos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana-Rae de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Dinkelaar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Lodder
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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98
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Crich D, Sharma I. Is donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding necessary for 4,6-O-benzylidene-directed beta-mannopyranosylation? Stereoselective synthesis of beta-C-mannopyranosides and alpha-C-glucopyranosides. Org Lett 2008; 10:4731-4. [PMID: 18826233 PMCID: PMC2726931 DOI: 10.1021/ol8017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-thiohexopyranosides, on activation with 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine and triflic anhydride, react with allyl silanes and stannanes, and with silyl enolethers to give C-glycosides. In the mannose series the beta-isomers are formed selectively whereas the glucose series provides the alpha-anomers. This selectivity pattern parallels that of O-glycoside formation and eliminates the need to consider donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding in the formation of the O-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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99
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Zeng Y, Wang Z, Whitfield D, Huang X. Installation of electron-donating protective groups, a strategy for glycosylating unreactive thioglycosyl acceptors using the preactivation-based glycosylation method. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7952-62. [PMID: 18808187 PMCID: PMC2661424 DOI: 10.1021/jo801462r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylation is a powerful strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis with its successful application in assemblies of many complex oligosaccharides. However, difficulties were encountered in reactions where glycosyl donors bearing multiple electron-withdrawing groups failed to glycosylate hindered unreactive acceptors. In order to overcome this problem, it was discovered that the introduction of electron-donating protective groups onto the glycosyl donors can considerably enhance their glycosylating power, leading to productive glycosylations even with unreactive acceptors. This observation is quite general and can be extended to a wide range of glycosylation reactions, including one-pot syntheses of chondroitin and heparin trisaccharides. The structures of the reactive intermediates formed upon preactivation were determined through low-temperature NMR studies. It was found that for a donor with multiple electron-withdrawing groups, the glycosyl triflate was formed following preactivation, while the dioxalenium ion was the major intermediate with a donor bearing electron-donating protective groups. As donors were all cleanly preactivated prior to the addition of the acceptors, the observed reactivity difference between these donors was not due to selective activation encountered in the traditional armed-disarmed strategy. Rather, it was rationalized by the inherent internal energy difference between the reactive intermediates and associated oxacarbenium ion like transition states during nucleophilic attack by the acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Dennis Whitfield
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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100
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Nagai Y, Ito N, Sultana I, Sugai T. Regio- and chemoselective manipulation under mild conditions on glucosamine derivatives for oligosaccharide synthesis and its application toward N-acetyl-d-lactosamine and Lewis X trisaccharide. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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