51
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Pradeep TP, Barthwal R. A 4:1 stoichiometric binding and stabilization of mitoxantrone-parallel stranded G-quadruplex complex established by spectroscopy techniques. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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52
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Pradeep TP, Barthwal R. NMR structure of dual site binding of mitoxantrone dimer to opposite grooves of parallel stranded G-quadruplex [d-(TTGGGGT)]4. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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53
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Selective recognition and stabilization of new ligands targeting the potassium form of the human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31019. [PMID: 27511133 PMCID: PMC4980623 DOI: 10.1038/srep31019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a ligand that is capable of distinguishing among the wide variety of G-quadruplex structures and targeting telomeres to treat cancer is particularly challenging. In this study, the ability of two anthraquinone telomerase inhibitors (NSC749235 and NSC764638) to target telomeric G-quadruplex DNA was probed. We found that these ligands specifically target the potassium form of telomeric G-quadruplex DNA over the DNA counterpart. The characteristic interaction with the telomeric G-quadruplex DNA and the anticancer activities of these ligands were also explored. The results of this present work emphasize our understanding of the binding selectivity of anthraquinone derivatives to G-quadruplex DNA and assists in future drug development for G-quadruplex-specific ligands.
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54
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Functional and mechanistic analysis of telomerase: An antitumor drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:24-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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55
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Jiang Y, Chen AC, Kuang GT, Wang SK, Ou TM, Tan JH, Li D, Huang ZS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives as new c-myc G-quadruplex ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:264-279. [PMID: 27372288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel c-myc promoter G-quadruplex binding ligands. Subsequent biophysical and biochemical evaluation demonstrated that the introduction of aniline group at 4-position of quinazoline ring and two side chains with terminal amino group improved their binding affinity and stabilizing ability to G-quadruplex DNA. RT-PCR assay and Western blot showed that compound 7a could down-regulate transcription and expression of c-myc gene in Hela cells, which was consistent with the behavior of an effective G-quadruplex ligand targeting c-myc oncogene. More importantly, RTCA and colony formation assays indicated that 7a obviously inhibited Hela cells proliferation, without influence on normal primary cultured mouse mesangial cells. Flow cytometric assays suggested that 7a induced Hela cells to arrest in G0/G1 phase both in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Chun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tao Kuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ke Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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56
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Liao G, Chen X, Wu J, Qian C, Wang Y, Ji L, Chao H. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as dual inhibitors of telomerase and topoisomerase. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:15145-56. [PMID: 25604798 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
One novel ruthenium polypyridyl complex, [Ru(bpy)2(icip)](2+) (1), and two previously reported ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(pdppz)](2+) ()2 and [Ru(bpy)2(tactp)](2+) (3) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, icip = 2-(indeno[2,1-b]chromen-6-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, pdppz = phenanthro[4,5-abc]dipyrido[3,2-h:2',3'-j]phenazine, tactp = 4,5,9,18-tetraazachryseno[9,10-b]-triphenylene), have been synthesised. As expected, these complexes show inhibition towards telomerase by inducing and stabilising the G-quadruplex structure, and behave as topoisomerase I/II poisons at the same time. Additionally, the acute and chronic cytotoxicities of the complexes are considered. Furthermore, cell apoptosis experiments are used to briefly study the mechanism. Because studies involving multi-target inhibition towards topoisomerase and telomerase of Ru(II) complexes have not been reported previously, the present research may help to develop innovative chemical strategies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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Asamitsu S, Li Y, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Ligand-Mediated G-Quadruplex Induction in a Double-Stranded DNA Context by Cyclic Imidazole/Lysine Polyamide. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sefan Asamitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University Yoshida-Ushinomiyacho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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58
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Tian Y, Zhang L, Shen J, Wu L, He H, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wu W, Fan Q, Huang W, Wang L. An Individual Nanocube-Based Plasmonic Biosensor for Real-Time Monitoring the Structural Switch of the Telomeric G-Quadruplex. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2913-2920. [PMID: 27106517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Promoted by the localized surface plasmon resonance nanotechnology, a simple and sensitive plasmonic aptamer nanosensor (nanoaptasensor) on an individual Au@Ag core-shell nanocube (Au@Ag NC) has been proposed for real-time monitoring of the formation process of G-quadruplex structures and label-free analysis of potassium ions (K(+) ). In particular, the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters indicates that there are two types of binding states accompanied with a remarkable change of free energy (ΔG) in the sequential folding process of telomere DNA sequence. This nanoaptasensor has raised promising applications in monitoring the dynamic process of the structural switch of the G-quadruplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongzhang He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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59
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Sheu SY, Huang CH, Zhou JK, Yang DY. Relative stability of G-quadruplex structures: Interactions between the human Bcl2 promoter region and derivatives of carbazole and diphenylamine. Biopolymers 2016; 101:1038-50. [PMID: 24723333 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The bcl2 promoter region forms a G-quadruplex structure, which is a crucial target for anticancer drug development. In this study, we provide theoretical predictions of the stability of different G-quadruplex folds of the 23-mer bcl2 promoter region and G-quadruplex ligand. We take into account the whole G-quadruplex structure, including bound-cations and solvent effects, in order to compute the ligand binding free energy using molecular dynamics simulation. Two series of the carbazole and diphenylamine derivatives are used to screen for the most potent drug in terms of stabilization. The energy analysis identifies the predominant energy components affecting the stability of the various different G-quadruplex folds. The energy associated with the stability of the G-quadruplex-K(+) structures obtained displays good correlation with experimental Tm measurements. We found that loop orientation has an intrinsic influence on G-quadruplex stability and that the basket structure is the most stable. Furthermore, parallel loops are the most effective drug binding site. Our studies also demonstrate that rigidity and planarity are the key structural elements of a drug that stabilizes the G-quadruplex structure. BMVC-4 is the most potential G-quadruplex ligand. This approach demonstrates significant promise and should benefit drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheh-Yi Sheu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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60
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Sakuma M, Ma Y, Tsushima Y, Iida K, Hirokawa T, Nagasawa K. Design and synthesis of unsymmetric macrocyclic hexaoxazole compounds with an ability to induce distinct G-quadruplex topologies in telomeric DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5109-16. [PMID: 27181296 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New macrocyclic hexaoxazole compounds bearing two side chains on an unsymmetrical macrocyclic ring system, i.e., 4,2-L2H2-6OTD (2) and 5,1-L2H2-6OTD (3), were designed as candidate G-quadruplex (G4) ligands and synthesized. These G4 ligands 2 and 3 induced an anti-parallel topology and a hybrid-type topology of telomeric DNA, respectively, in contrast to the previously reported symmetrical macrocycle 3,3-L2H2-6OTD (1), which induces a typical anti-parallel structure. Molecular mechanics calculations and docking studies indicate that these differences arise from the different directions of the side chains in these L2H2-6OTD derivatives, and provide an explanation for the weaker stabilization of telomeric DNA by 2 and 3, compared with 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Sakuma
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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61
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Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding studies of two Ru(II) complexes containing guanidinium ligands. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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62
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Samanta A, Medintz IL. Nanoparticles and DNA - a powerful and growing functional combination in bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9037-95. [PMID: 27080924 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functionally integrating DNA and other nucleic acids with nanoparticles in all their different physicochemical forms has produced a rich variety of composite nanomaterials which, in many cases, display unique or augmented properties due to the synergistic activity of both components. These capabilities, in turn, are attracting greater attention from various research communities in search of new nanoscale tools for diverse applications that include (bio)sensing, labeling, targeted imaging, cellular delivery, diagnostics, therapeutics, theranostics, bioelectronics, and biocomputing to name just a few amongst many others. Here, we review this vibrant and growing research area from the perspective of the materials themselves and their unique capabilities. Inorganic nanocrystals such as quantum dots or those made from gold or other (noble) metals along with metal oxides and carbon allotropes are desired as participants in these hybrid materials since they can provide distinctive optical, physical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. Beyond this, synthetic polymer-based and proteinaceous or viral nanoparticulate materials are also useful in the same role since they can provide a predefined and biocompatible cargo-carrying and targeting capability. The DNA component typically provides sequence-based addressability for probes along with, more recently, unique architectural properties that directly originate from the burgeoning structural DNA field. Additionally, DNA aptamers can also provide specific recognition capabilities against many diverse non-nucleic acid targets across a range of size scales from ions to full protein and cells. In addition to appending DNA to inorganic or polymeric nanoparticles, purely DNA-based nanoparticles have recently surfaced as an excellent assembly platform and have started finding application in areas like sensing, imaging and immunotherapy. We focus on selected and representative nanoparticle-DNA materials and highlight their myriad applications using examples from the literature. Overall, it is clear that this unique functional combination of nanomaterials has far more to offer than what we have seen to date and as new capabilities for each of these materials are developed, so, too, will new applications emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Samanta
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. and College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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63
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Lu YJ, Deng Q, Hou JQ, Hu DP, Wang ZY, Zhang K, Luyt LG, Wong WL, Chow CF. Molecular Engineering of Thiazole Orange Dye: Change of Fluorescent Signaling from Universal to Specific upon Binding with Nucleic Acids in Bioassay. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1019-29. [PMID: 26752011 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The universal fluorescent staining property of thiazole orange (TO) dye was adapted in order to be specific for G-quadruplex DNA structures, through the introduction of a styrene-like substituent at the ortho-position of the TO scaffold. This extraordinary outcome was determined from experimental studies and further explored through molecular docking studies. The molecular docking studies help understand how such a small substituent leads to remarkable fluorescent signal discrimination between G-quadruplex DNA and other types of nucleic acids. The results reveal that the modified dyes bind to the G-quadruplex or duplex DNA in a similar fashion as TO, but exhibit either enhanced or quenched fluorescent signal, which is determined by the spatial length and orientation of the substituent and has never been known. The new fluorescent dye modified with a p-(dimethylamino)styryl substituent offers 10-fold more selectivity toward telomeric G-quadruplexes than double-stranded DNA substrates. In addition, native PAGE experiments, FRET, CD analysis, and live cell imaging were also studied and demonstrated the potential applications of this class of thiazole-orange-based fluorescent probes in bioassays and cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute
of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Institute
of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Jin-Qiang Hou
- London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Dong-Ping Hu
- Institute
of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ya Wang
- Institute
of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute
of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada
- Departments
of Oncology, Chemistry, Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- Department
of Science and Environmental Studies, Centre for Education in Environmental
Sustainability, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping
Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Cheuk-Fai Chow
- Department
of Science and Environmental Studies, Centre for Education in Environmental
Sustainability, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping
Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, Peoples’ Republic of China
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64
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Liu Y, Cheng D, Ge M, Lin W. The Truncated Human Telomeric Sequence forms a Hybrid-Type Intramolecular Mixed Parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex Structure in K(+) Solution. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:122-8. [PMID: 26867976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 80-90% tumor cells, telomerase becomes active and stabilizes the length of telomeres. The formation and stabilization of G-quadruplexes formed from human telomeric sequences have been proved able to inhibit the activity of telomerase, thus human telomeric G-quadruplex structure has become a potential target for the development of cancer therapy. Hence, structure of G-quadruplex formed in K(+) solution has been an attractive hotspot for further studies. However, the exact structure of human telomeric G-quadruplex in K(+) is extremely controversial, this study provides information for the understanding of different G-quadruplexes. Here, we report that 22nt and 24nt human telomeric sequences form unimolecular hybrid-type mixed parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex in K(+) solution elucidated utilizing Circular Dichroism, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and gel electrophoresis. Moreover, individual configuration of these two sequences was speculated in this study. The detailed structure information of the G-quadruplex formed under physiologically relevant condition is necessary for structure-based rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Center for Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Ge
- Center for Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Weizhen Lin
- Center for Thorium Molten Salt Reactor System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Road, Shanghai, 201800, China
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65
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Shen R, Chen Y, Li Z, Qi H, Wang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of disubstituted amidoxanthones as potential telomeric G-quadruplex DNA-binding and apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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66
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Shi Z, Zhang X, Cheng R, Zhang Q, Jin Y. High-throughout identification of telomere-binding ligands based on photo-induced electron transfer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and cost-effective method is developed for high-throughout screening G-quadruplex-binding ligands based on the photo-induced electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xiafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
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67
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Seyfried MS, Alzeer J, Luedtke NW. Molecular Design and Synthesis of a Planar Telomestatin Analogue. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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68
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Chen CH, Hu TH, Huang TC, Chen YL, Chen YR, Cheng CC, Chen CT. Delineation of G-Quadruplex Alkylation Sites Mediated by 3,6-Bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium iodide)carbazole-Aniline Mustard Conjugates. Chemistry 2015; 21:17379-90. [PMID: 26769627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new G-quadruplex (G-4)-directing alkylating agent BMVC-C3M was designed and synthesized to integrate 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium iodide)carbazole (BMVC) with aniline mustard. Various telomeric G-4 structures (hybrid-2 type and antiparallel) and an oncogene promoter, c-MYC (parallel), were constructed to react with BMVC-C3M, yielding 35 % alkylation yield toward G-4 DNA over other DNA categories (<6 %) and high specificity under competition conditions. Analysis of the intact alkylation adducts by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) revealed the stepwise DNA alkylation mechanism of aniline mustard for the first time. Furthermore, the monoalkylation sites and intrastrand cross-linking sites were determined and found to be dependent on G-4 topology based on the results of footprinting analysis in combination with mass spectroscopic techniques and in silico modeling. The results indicated that BMVC-C3M preferentially alkylated at A15 (H26), G12 (H24), and G2 (c-MYC), respectively, as monoalkylated adducts and formed A15-C3M-A21 (H26), G12-C3M-G4 (H24), and G2-C3M-G4/G17 (c-MYC), respectively, as cross-linked dialkylated adducts. Collectively, the stability and site-selective cross-linking capacity of BMVC-C3M provides a credible tool for the structural and functional characterization of G-4 DNAs in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 2-23636359
| | - Tsung-Hao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 2-23636359
| | - Tzu-Chiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 2-23636359
| | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Chung Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chia-Yi University, No. 300, Xuefu Road, Chiayi City, 60004 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 5-2717901.
| | - Chao-Tsen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan (R.O.C.), Fax: (+886) 2-23636359.
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69
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Bončina M, Podlipnik Č, Piantanida I, Eilmes J, Teulade-Fichou MP, Vesnaver G, Lah J. Thermodynamic fingerprints of ligand binding to human telomeric G-quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:10376-86. [PMID: 26546516 PMCID: PMC4666371 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic studies of ligand binding to human telomere (ht) DNA quadruplexes, as a rule, neglect the involvement of various ht-DNA conformations in the binding process. Therefore, the thermodynamic driving forces and the mechanisms of ht-DNA G-quadruplex-ligand recognition remain poorly understood. In this work we characterize thermodynamically and structurally binding of netropsin (Net), dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene derivatives (DP77, DP78), cationic porphyrin (TMPyP4) and two bisquinolinium ligands (Phen-DC3, 360A-Br) to the ht-DNA fragment (Tel22) AGGG(TTAGGG)3 using isothermal titration calorimetry, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and molecular modeling. By global thermodynamic analysis of experimental data we show that the driving forces characterized by contributions of specific interactions, changes in solvation and conformation differ significantly for binding of ligands with low quadruplex selectivity over duplexes (Net, DP77, DP78, TMPyP4; KTel22 ≈ <KdsDNA) and for highly selective quadruplex-specific ligands (Phen-DC3, 360A-Br; KTel22 > KdsDNA). These contributions are in accordance with the observed structural features (changes) and suggest that upon binding Net, DP77, DP78 and TMPyP4 select hybrid-1 and/or hybrid-2 conformation while Phen-DC3 and 360A-Br induce the transition of hybrid-1 and hybrid-2 to the structure with characteristics of antiparallel or hybrid-3 type conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Bončina
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julita Eilmes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gorazd Vesnaver
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Lah
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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70
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Siters KE, Sander SA, Devlin JR, Morrow JR. Bifunctional Zn(II) complexes for recognition of non-canonical thymines in DNA bulges and G-quadruplexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3708-16. [PMID: 25521076 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Six Zn(II) complexes of derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) were studied for binding to DNA sequences containing non-canonical thymines, including a hairpin with a single thymine bulge (T-bulge) and a G-quadruplex (H-telo) containing thymine loops. The cyclen-based macrocycles contained pendents with either two fused rings to give planar groups including quinolinone (QMC), coumarin (MCC) and quinoline (CQC) derivatives or a non-planar dansyl group (DSC). Macrocyclic complexes with three fused rings including an anthraquinone pendent (ATQ) were also studied. All Zn(II) complexes were stable in solution at micromolar concentrations and neutral pH with the Zn(L)(OH2) species prevailing for L = QMC and CQC at pH 7.5 and 100 mM NaCl. Immobilized T-bulge or H-telo G-quadruplex was used to study binding of the complexes by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for several of the complexes. For the most part, data matched well with that obtained by isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and, for fluorescent complexes, by fluorescence titrations. Data showed that Zn(II) complexes containing planar aromatic pendents with two fused rings bound to T-bulge more tightly than complexes with non-planar pendents such as DSC. The H-telo DNA exhibited multiple binding sites for all complexes containing aromatic pendents. The complexes with two fused rings bound with low micromolar dissociation constants and two binding sites whereas a complex with three fused rings (ATQ) bound to three sites. This study shows that different pendent groups on Zn(II) cyclen complexes impart selectivity for recognition of non-canonical DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Siters
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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71
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Chen Q, Zuo J, Chen J, Tong P, Mo X, Zhang L, Li J. A label-free fluorescent biosensor for ultratrace detection of terbium (ш) based on structural conversion of G-quadruplex DNA mediated by ThT and terbium (ш). Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:326-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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72
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Human telomerase inhibitors from microbial source. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1329-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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73
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Sun D, Liu Y, Yu Q, Liu D, Zhou Y, Liu J. Selective nuclei accumulation of ruthenium(II) complex enantiomers that target G-quadruplex DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:90-9. [PMID: 25911217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Different enantiomers exhibit large differences in their biological activity and/or toxicity, but they rarely involve the relationship of the agents for molecular and cellular imaging with the chiral structure of ruthenium complexes. Here, we report that an enantiomer of a polypyridyl ruthenium complex can selectively accumulate in the nucleus of HepG2 cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies show that this phenomenon occurs via a non-endocytotic, but temperature-dependent, mechanism of cellular uptake in HepG2 cells. DNA oligonucleotides with repetitive tracts of guanine bases that can form G-quadruplex structures have aroused interest as therapeutic agents and as targets for anticancer drug design. Various biophysical techniques show that the Λ-enantiomer of ruthenium complexes can selectively stabilize human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA and has a strong preference for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA. Judged from the NMR results, we speculate that at higher 4:1 ligand/G-quadruplex stoichiometry, complex Λ-Ru is likely to bind with each groove of the tetraplex in a dimeric form or intercalate with the G-tetrad in the 3' terminal face and coexist with other modes. The molecular modeling analysis is in agreement with the NMR titrations performed in this investigation indicating that ruthenium complexes are actually characterized by a mixed binding mode. The results provide many opportunities for the development of novel agents for living cell-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- School of life sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Du Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanhui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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74
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Matsumura S, Ito T, Tanaka T, Furuta H, Ikawa Y. Modulation of group I ribozyme activity by cationic porphyrins. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:251-63. [PMID: 25811638 PMCID: PMC4498298 DOI: 10.3390/biology4020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cationic porphyrins on the catalytic activities of four group I ribozymes were investigated. A cationic porphyrin possessing four pyridinium moieties (pPyP) inhibited two group IC3 ribozymes (Syn Rz and Azo Rz) and a group IC1 ribozyme (Tet Rz). In the case of a group IA2 ribozyme (Td Rz), however, pPyP served not only as an inhibitor but also as an activator, and the effects of pPyP were dependent on its concentration. To analyze the structural and electronic factors determining the effects of pPyP on group I ribozymes, three cationic porphyrins (pPyNCP, pPyF4P, and TMPyP) were also examined. As interactions between small organic molecules and nucleic acids are attractive and important issues in biochemistry and biotechnology, this study contributes to the development of porphyrin-based molecules that can modulate functions of structured RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsunobu Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Moto-oka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Ikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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75
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Dhamodharan V, Harikrishna S, Bhasikuttan AC, Pradeepkumar PI. Topology specific stabilization of promoter over telomeric G-quadruplex DNAs by bisbenzimidazole carboxamide derivatives. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:821-33. [PMID: 25495750 DOI: 10.1021/cb5008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Various potential G-quadruplex forming sequences present in the genome offer a platform to modulate their function by means of stabilizing molecules. Though G-quadruplex structures exhibit diverse structural topologies, the presence of G-quartets as a common structural element makes the design of topology specific ligands a daunting task. To address this, the subtle structural variations of loops and grooves present in the quadruplex structures can be exploited. To this end, we report the design and synthesis of quadruplex stabilizing agents based on bisbenzimidazole carboxamide derivatives of pyridine, 1,8-naphthyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline. The designed ligands specifically bind to and stabilize promoter quadruplexes having parallel topology over any of the human telomeric quadruplex topologies (parallel, hybrid, or antiparallel) and duplex DNAs. CD melting studies indicate that ligands could impart higher stabilization to c-MYC and c-KIT promoter quadruplexes (up to 21 °C increment in Tm) than telomeric and duplex DNAs (ΔTm ≤ 2.5 °C). Consistent with a CD melting study, ligands bind strongly (Kb = ∼10(4) to 10(5) M(-1)) to c-MYC quadruplex DNA. Molecular modeling and dynamics studies provide insight into how the specificity is achieved and underscore the importance of flexible N-alkyl side chains attached to the benzimidazole-scaffold in recognizing propeller loops of promoter quadruplexes. Overall, the results reported here demonstrate that the benzimidazole scaffold represents a potent and powerful side chain, which could judiciously be assembled with a suitable central core to achieve specific binding to a particular quadruplex topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Dhamodharan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - S. Harikrishna
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - P. I. Pradeepkumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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76
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Xu L, Chen X, Wu J, Wang J, Ji L, Chao H. Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes That Induce and Stabilise G-Quadruplex DNA. Chemistry 2015; 21:4008-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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77
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Nagasawa K, Sedghi Masoud S, Tsushima Y, Iida K. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Penta- and Tetraoxazoles as G-Quadruplex Ligands. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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78
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Doi T, Yoshida M, Shibata K. Total Synthesis of Telomestatin and its Analogues. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | - Kazuaki Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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79
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Ilyinsky NS, Varizhuk AM, Beniaminov AD, Puzanov MA, Shchyolkina AK, Kaluzhny DN. G-quadruplex ligands: Mechanisms of anticancer action and target binding. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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80
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Diveshkumar KV, Sakrikar S, Harikrishna S, Dhamodharan V, Pradeepkumar PI. Targeting promoter G-quadruplex DNAs by indenopyrimidine-based ligands. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2754-65. [PMID: 25359695 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The formation of G-quadruplex structures can regulate telomerase activity and the expression of oncogenes at the transcriptional and translational levels. Therefore, stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA structures by small molecules has been recognized as a promising strategy for anticancer drug therapy. One of the major challenges in this field is to impart stabilizing molecules with selectivity toward quadruplex structures over duplex DNAs, and to maintain specificity toward a particular quadruplex topology. Herein we report the synthesis and binding interactions of indenopyrimidine derivatives, endowed with drug-like properties, with oncogenic promoters of c-myc and c-kit, telomeric and duplex DNAs. The results show specific stabilization of promoter over telomeric quadruplexes and duplex DNAs. Molecular modeling studies support the experimental observations by unraveling the dual binding mode of ligands by exploiting the top and bottom quartets of a G-quadruplex structure. This study underscores the potential of the indenopyrimidine scaffold, which can be used to achieve specific G-quadruplex-mediated anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Diveshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 (India)
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81
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Recognition of chelerythrine to human telomeric DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6767. [PMID: 25341562 PMCID: PMC4208030 DOI: 10.1038/srep06767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A study on binding of antitumor chelerythrine to human telomeric DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes was performed by using DNA polymerase stop assay, UV-melting, ESI-TOF-MS, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescent triazole orange displacement assay. Chelerythrine selectively binds to and stabilizes the K(+)-form hybrid-type human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex of biological significance, compared with the Na(+)-form antiparallel-type DNA G-quadruplex. ESI-TOF-MS study showed that chelerythrine possesses a binding strength for DNA G-quadruplex comparable to that of TMPyP4 tetrachloride. Both 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometries were observed for chelerythrine's binding with DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes. The binding strength of chelerythrine with RNA G-quadruplex is stronger than that with DNA G-quadruplex. Fluorescent triazole orange displacement assay revealed that chelerythrine interacts with human telomeric RNA/DNA G-quadruplexes by the mode of end- stacking. The relative binding strength of chelerythrine for human telomeric RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes obtained from ESI-TOF-MS experiments are respectively 6.0- and 2.5-fold tighter than that with human telomeric double-stranded hairpin DNA. The binding selectivity of chelerythrine for the biologically significant K(+)-form human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex over the Na(+)-form analogue, and binding specificity for human telomeric RNA G-quadruplex established it as a promising candidate in the structure-based design and development of G-quadruplex specific ligands.
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82
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Ghimire C, Park S, Iida K, Yangyuoru P, Otomo H, Yu Z, Nagasawa K, Sugiyama H, Mao H. Direct quantification of loop interaction and π-π stacking for G-quadruplex stability at the submolecular level. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15537-44. [PMID: 25296000 DOI: 10.1021/ja503585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The well-demonstrated biological functions of DNA G-quadruplex inside cells call for small molecules that can modulate these activities by interacting with G-quadruplexes. However, the paucity of the understanding of the G-quadruplex stability contributed from submolecular elements, such as loops and tetraguanine (G) planes (or G-quartets), has hindered the development of small-molecule binders. Assisted by click chemistry, herein, we attached pulling handles via two modified guanines in each of the three G-quartets in human telomeric G-quadruplex. Mechanical unfolding using these handles revealed that the loop interaction contributed more to the G-quadruplex stability than the stacking of G-quartets. This result was further confirmed by the binding of stacking ligands, such as telomestatin derivatives, which led to similar mechanical stability for all three G-quartets by significant reduction of loop interactions for the top and bottom G-quartets. The direct comparison of loop interaction and G-quartet stacking in G-quadruplex provides unprecedented insights for the design of more efficient G-quadruplex-interacting molecules. Compared to traditional experiments, in which mutations are employed to elucidate the roles of specific residues in a biological molecule, our submolecular dissection offers a complementary approach to evaluate individual domains inside a molecule with fewer disturbances to the native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiran Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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83
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Yu J, Zhang L, Xu X, Liu S. Quantitative detection of potassium ions and adenosine triphosphate via a nanochannel-based electrochemical platform coupled with G-quadruplex aptamers. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10741-8. [PMID: 25333881 DOI: 10.1021/ac502752g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic nanopores and nanochannels that mimick ion channels in living organisms for biosensing applications has been, and still remains, a great challenge. Although the biological applications of nanopores and nanochannels have achieved considerable development as a result of nanotechnology advancements, there are few reports of a facile way to realize those applications. Herein, a nanochannel-based electrochemical platform was developed for the quantitative detection of biorelated small molecules such as potassium ions (K(+)) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a facile way. For this purpose, K(+) or ATP G-quadruplex aptamers were covalently assembled onto the inner wall of porous anodic alumina (PAA) nanochannels through a Schiff reaction between -CHO groups in the aptamer and amino groups on the inner wall of the PAA nanochannels under mild reaction conditions. Conformational switching of the aptamers confined in the nanochannels occurs in the presence of the target molecules, resulting in increased steric hindrance in the nanochannels. Changes in steric hindrance in the nanochannels were monitored by the anodic current of indicator molecules transported through the nanochannels. As a result, quantitative detection of K(+) and ATP was realized with a concentration ranging from 0.005 to 1.0 mM for K(+) and 0.05 to 10.0 mM for ATP. The proposed platform displayed significant selectivity, good reproducibility, and universality. Moreover, this platform showed its potential for use in the detection of other aptamer-based analytes, which could promote its development for use in biological detection and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Yu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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84
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Siters KE, Fountain MA, Morrow JR. Selective binding of Zn2+ complexes to human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11540-51. [PMID: 25310175 DOI: 10.1021/ic501484p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Zn(2+) complex of 5-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylsulfonyl)-N,N-dimethylnaphthalen-1-amine, Zn(DSC), binds selectively to the biologically relevant human telomeric (H-Telo) G-quadruplex. An increase in the Zn(DSC) dansyl group fluorescence with a simultaneous shift in emission is consistent with the complex binding to H-Telo. The H-Telo G-quadruplex has two binding sites for Zn(DSC) with binding constants in the low micromolar range (2.5 μM). Isothermal calorimetric titrations confirm low micromolar dissociation constants with a 2:1 stoichiometry. The interaction between H-Telo and Zn(DSC) is highly pH-dependent, consistent with binding to the unpaired thymines in the G-quadruplex loops. As a result, Zn(DSC) selectively binds to H-Telo over duplex DNA. In contrast to Zn(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+) do not complex to the DSC macrocycle appreciably under the conditions of the experiment. The Cu(2+) complex of DSC does not interact measurably with the H-Telo G-quadruplex. Interestingly, the H-Telo-Zn(DSC) adduct self-assembles from its individual components at physiological pH and 100 mM KCl. The self-assembly feature, which is specific for the Zn(2+) ion, suggests that this system may be viable as a Zn(2+) sensor. Pentanucleotides were studied in order to better describe the binding of Zn(DSC) to thymine sequences. NMR studies were consistent with the binding of Zn(DSC) to thymine-containing oligonucleotides including CCTCC, CTTCC, and CTCTC. Studies showed that the dansyl group of Zn(DSC) interacts with thymines in CTTCC. Fluorescence spectroscopy and ITC data indicate that Zn(DSC) forms 2:1 adducts with thymines that are spaced (CTCTC) but not tandem thymines (CTTCC). These data are consistent with one Zn(DSC) complex binding to two separate loops in the G-quadruplex. A second Zn(2+) complex containing an acridine pendent, Zn(ACR), binds tightly to pentanucleotides with both tandem and spaced thymines. Zn(ACR) indiscriminately binds to both H-Telo and duplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Siters
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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85
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang L, Cao C, Zhou Y, Liu J. Stabilization for loop isomers of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA and anticancer activity by ruthenium complexes. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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86
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Kumar V, Sengupta A, Gavvala K, Koninti RK, Hazra P. Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Insights into the Interaction between Proflavine and Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex DNA. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11090-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506267b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Abhigyan Sengupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Krishna Gavvala
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Raj Kumar Koninti
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
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87
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Li YL, Qin QP, Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liang H. A platinum(II) complex of liriodenine from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): Cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis induction and telomerase inhibition activity via G-quadruplex DNA stabilization. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 137:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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88
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Luo XJ, Qin QP, Li YL, Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liang H. Three platinum(II) complexes of 2-(methoxy-phenyl)-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10] phenanthroline: cell apoptosis induction by sub-G1 phase cell cycle arrest and G-quadruplex binding properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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89
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Xu CX, Shen Y, Hu Q, Zheng YX, Cao Q, Qin PZ, Zhao Y, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Stabilization of human telomeric G-quadruplex and inhibition of telomerase activity by propeller-shaped trinuclear Pt(II) complexes. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2519-26. [PMID: 24996049 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel propeller-shaped, trigeminal-ligand-containing, flexible trinuclear Pt(II) complexes, {[Pt(dien)]3(ptp)}(NO3)6 (1) and {[Pt(dpa)]3(ptp)}(NO3)6 (2) (dien: diethylenetriamine; dpa: bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; ptp: 6'-(pyridin-3-yl)-3,2':4',3''-terpyridine), have been designed and synthesized, and their interactions with G-quadruplex (G4) sequences are characterized. A combination of biophysical and biochemical assays reveals that both Pt(II) complexes exhibit higher affinity for human telomeric (hTel) and c-myc promoter G4 sequences than duplex DNA. Complex 1 binds and stabilizes hTel G4 sequence more effectively than complex 2. Both complexes are found to induce and stabilize either antiparallel or parallel conformation of G4 structures. Molecular docking studies indicate that complex 1 binds into the large groove of the antiparallel hTel G4 structure (PDB ID: 143D) and complex 2 stacks onto the exposed G-quartet of the parallel hTel G4 structure (PDB ID: 1KF1). Telomeric repeat amplification protocol assays demonstrate that both complexes are good telomerase inhibitors, with IC50 values of (16.0±0.4) μM and (4.20±0.25) μM for 1 and 2, respectively. Collectively, the results suggest that these propeller-shaped flexible trinuclear Pt(II) complexes are effective and selective G4 binders and good telomerase inhibitors. This work provides valuable information for the interaction between multinuclear metal complexes with G4 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xia Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275 (China), Fax: (+86) 20-84112245
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90
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Shi M, Zhao S, Huang Y, Zhao L, Liu YM. Signal amplification in capillary electrophoresis based chemiluminescent immunoassays by using an antibody–gold nanoparticle–DNAzyme assembly. Talanta 2014; 124:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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91
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Agarwal T, Lalwani MK, Kumar S, Roy S, Chakraborty TK, Sivasubbu S, Maiti S. Morphological Effects of G-Quadruplex Stabilization Using a Small Molecule in Zebrafish. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1117-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bi4009352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tani Agarwal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative
Biology, , Mall Road, New Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Lalwani
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative
Biology, , Mall Road, New Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative
Biology, , Mall Road, New Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Saumya Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical
Technology, , Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Chakraborty
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical
Technology, , Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative
Biology, , Mall Road, New Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative
Biology, , Mall Road, New Delhi 110 007, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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92
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Maji B, Bhattacharya S. Advances in the molecular design of potential anticancer agents via targeting of human telomeric DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6422-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is an attractive drug target to develop new generation drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Maji
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
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93
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Terenzi A, Bonsignore R, Spinello A, Gentile C, Martorana A, Ducani C, Högberg B, Almerico AM, Lauria A, Barone G. Selective G-quadruplex stabilizers: Schiff-base metal complexes with anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations provided a mechanism for G-quadruplex binding of three transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Terenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Spinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Cosimo Ducani
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Department of Neuroscience
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center
- Department of Neuroscience
- Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto EuroMediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia
- 90139 Palermo, Italy
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94
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Nagasawa K, Iida K, Tsubouchi G, Nakamura T. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Dimer of Cyclic Hexaoxazole and Examination of Its Interaction with Telomeric Oligonucleotide. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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95
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Liao G, Chen X, Wu J, Qian C, Wang H, Ji L, Chao H. Novel ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes as G-quadruplex stabilisers and telomerase inhibitors. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:7811-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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96
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Li Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Yu Q, Chen Q, Qin X, Le F, Zhang Q, Liu J. Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of telomerase activity studies of ruthenium(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 130:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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97
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Targeting human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA and inhibition of telomerase activity with [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2](4+). PLoS One 2013; 8:e84419. [PMID: 24386376 PMCID: PMC3874006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of telomerase by inducing/stabilizing G-quadruplex formation is a promising strategy to design new anticancer drugs. We synthesized and characterized a new dinuclear complex [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ (dmb = 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine, obip = (2-(2-pyridyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) with high affinity for both antiparallel and mixed parallel / antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA. This complex can promote the formation and stabilize G-quadruplex DNA. Dialysis and TRAP experiments indicated that [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ acted as an excellent telomerase inhibitor due to its obvious selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA rather than double stranded DNA. In vitro co-culture experiments implied that [(dmb)2Ru(obip)Ru(dmb)2]4+ inhibited telomerase activity and hindered cancer cell proliferation without side effects to normal fibroblast cells. TUNEL assay indicated that inhibition of telomerase activity induced DNA cleavage further apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, RuII complex represents an exciting opportunity for anticancer drug design by specifically targeting cancer cell G-quadruplexes DNA.
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98
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Shibata K, Yoshida M, Takahashi T, Takagi M, Shin-ya K, Doi T. Synthesis of Heptaoxazole Macrocyclic Analogues of Telomestatin and Evaluation of Their Telomerase Inhibitory Activities. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - Motoki Takagi
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center (BIRC), Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC)
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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99
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Xu CX, Zheng YX, Zheng XH, Hu Q, Zhao Y, Ji LN, Mao ZW. V-shaped dinuclear Pt(II) complexes: selective interaction with human telomeric G-quadruplex and significant inhibition towards telomerase. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2060. [PMID: 23792883 PMCID: PMC3690394 DOI: 10.1038/srep02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A quaternized trigeminal ligand, 4-[4,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-(2-triazinyl)]-1-methylpyridine-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (dptmp·PF6), and two derivative V-shaped dinuclear Pt(II) complexes, {[Pt(dien)]₂(dptmp)}(PF₆)₅ (1) and {[Pt(dpa)]₂(dptmp)}(PF₆)₅ (2), were synthesized, characterized and applied to a series of biochemical studies. FRET and SPR analyses showed these compounds, especially Pt(II) complexes, bound more strongly to human telomeric (hTel) G-quadruplex than to promoters (such as c-myc and bcl2) or to the duplex DNA. PCR-stop assays revealed that the Pt(II) complexes could bind to and stabilize G-quadruplex far more effectively than corresponding ligand. CD analyses further indicated the three compounds likely stabilized the formation of mixed-type parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex structures. Their efficacy as telomerase inhibitors and potential anticancer drugs was explored via TRAP. The IC₅₀ value was determined to be 0.113 ± 0.019 μM for 1, indicating that it is one of the strongest known telomerase inhibitors. These results confirm that both V-shaped dinuclear Pt(II) complexes act as selective G-quadruplex binders and significant telomerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xia Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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100
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Chen X, Wu JH, Lai YW, Zhao R, Chao H, Ji LN. Targeting telomeric G-quadruplexes with the ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)(2)(ptpn)](2+) and [Ru(phen)(2)(ptpn)](2+). Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4386-97. [PMID: 23400220 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32921f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)(2)(ptpn)](2+) (1) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, ptpn = 3-(1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]1,10-phenanthroline) and [Ru(phen)(2)(ptpn)](2+) (2) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized. Crystal structure analysis shows that complex 1 has a large planar aromatic area and possesses the potential to fit the geometric structure of G-quadruplex. The interaction of the G-quadruplex DNA with Ru(ii) complexes was explored by means of circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay, competitive FRET assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assay. The results indicated that complexes 1 and 2 both have the ability to promote the formation and stabilization of the human telomeric d[(TTAGGG)(n)] (HTG22) quadruplex and exhibit high G-quadruplex DNA selectivity over duplex DNA. The telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and long-term proliferation experiments further demonstrate that the Ru(II) complexes are potent telomerase inhibitors and HeLa cell proliferation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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