51
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Harkin DJ, Broch K, Schreck M, Ceymann H, Stoy A, Yong CK, Nikolka M, McCulloch I, Stingelin N, Lambert C, Sirringhaus H. Decoupling Charge Transport and Electroluminescence in a High Mobility Polymer Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6378-6385. [PMID: 27166597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence enhancement of a high-mobility polymer semiconductor is achieved via energy transfer to a higher fluorescence quantum yield squaraine dye molecule on 50 ps timescales. In organic light-emitting diodes, an order of magnitude enhancement of the external quantum efficiency is observed without reduction in the charge-carrier mobility resulting in radiances of up to 5 W str(-1) m(-2) at 800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harkin
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Katharina Broch
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Maximilian Schreck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ceymann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chaw-Keong Yong
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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52
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53
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Chu CW, Jeng KS, Chi MH, Tsai CC, Cheng MH, Chen JT. Confinement Effects on the Optical Properties and Chain Conformations of Poly(9,9-di-n
-octylfluorene-alt
-benzothiadiazole) Nanotubes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Jeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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54
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Marszalek T, Li M, Pisula W. Design directed self-assembly of donor-acceptor polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10938-47. [PMID: 27440174 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor polymers with an alternating array of donor and acceptor moieties have gained particular attention during recent years as active components of organic electronics. By implementation of suitable subunits within the conjugated backbone, these polymers can be made either electron-deficient or -rich. Additionally, their band gap and light absorption can be precisely tuned for improved light-harvesting in solar cells. On the other hand, the polymer design can also be modified to encode the desired supramolecular self-assembly in the solid-state that is essential for an unhindered transport of charge carriers. This review focuses on three major factors playing a role in the assembly of donor-acceptor polymers on surfaces which are (1) nature, geometry and substitution position of solubilizing alkyl side chains, (2) shape of the conjugated polymer defined by the backbone curvature, and (3) molecular weight which determines the conjugation length of the polymer. These factors adjust the fine balance between attractive and repulsive forces and ensure a close polymer packing important for an efficient charge hopping between neighboring chains. On the microscopic scale, an appropriate domain formation with a low density of structural defects in the solution deposited thin film is crucial for the charge transport. The charge carrier transport through such thin films is characterized by field-effect transistors as basic electronic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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55
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Grand C, Baek S, Lai TH, Deb N, Zajaczkowski W, Stalder R, Müllen K, Pisula W, Bucknall DG, So F, Reynolds JR. Structure–Property Relationships Directing Transport and Charge Separation in Isoindigo Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grand
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | | | | | - Nabankur Deb
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | | | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty
of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - David G. Bucknall
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | | | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics
and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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56
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Son SY, Kim Y, Lee J, Lee GY, Park WT, Noh YY, Park CE, Park T. High-Field-Effect Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Conjugated Polymers with Localized Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8096-103. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Y. Son
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Yebyeol Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Junwoo Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Gang-Young Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Park
- Department
of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro
1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department
of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro
1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Chan E. Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-780, Korea
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57
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Knaapila M, Stepanyan R, Torkkeli M, Haase D, Fröhlich N, Helfer A, Forster M, Scherf U. Effect of side-chain asymmetry on the intermolecular structure and order-disorder transition in alkyl-substituted polyfluorenes. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:042504. [PMID: 27176345 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.042504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study relations among the side-chain asymmetry, structure, and order-disorder transition (ODT) in hairy-rod-type poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PF6) with two identical side chains and atactic poly(9-octyl-9-methyl-fluorene) (PF1-8) with two different side chains per repeat. PF6 and PF1-8 organize into alternating side-chain and backbone layers that transform into an isotropic phase at T^{ODT}(PF6) and T_{bi}^{ODT}(PF1-8). We interpret polymers in terms of monodisperse and bidisperse brushes and predict scenarios T^{ODT}<T_{bi}^{ODT} and T^{ODT}∼T_{bi}^{ODT} for high and low grafting densities (the side-chain length above or below the average grafting distance). Calorimetry and x-ray scattering indicate the condition T^{ODT}(PF6)∼T_{bi}^{ODT}(PF1-8) following the low grafting prediction. PF6 side chains coming from the alternating backbone layers appear as two separate layers with thickness H(PF6), whereas PF1-8 side chains appear as an indistinguishable bilayer with a half thickness H_{bilayer}(PF1-8)/2≈H(PF6). The low grafting density region is structurally possible but not certain for PF6 and confirmed for PF1-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Stepanyan
- Materials Science Centre, DSM Research, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - M Torkkeli
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Haase
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - N Fröhlich
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Helfer
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Forster
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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58
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Amari S, Ando S, Yamaguchi T. Development of novel polymer electrolyte membranes based on a benzothiadiazole unit. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed novel aromatic polymer electrolyte membranes based on the benzothiadiazole unit with high swelling resistance and proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amari
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Shinji Ando
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology
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59
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Chen J, Xiao M, Duan L, Wang Q, Tan H, Su N, Liu Y, Yang R, Zhu W. Benzodi(pyridothiophene): a novel acceptor unit for application in A1–A–A1 type photovoltaic small molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1507-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BDPT-2DPP containing a new building block of benzodi(pyridothiophene) (BDPT) and two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units showed a PCE of 3.97% in their photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Linrui Duan
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Hua Tan
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Ning Su
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- Xiangtan 411105
- China
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60
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Wu L, Casado S, Romero B, Otón JM, Morgado J, Müller C, Xia R, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J. Ground State Host–Guest Interactions upon Effective Dispersion of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wu
- Madrid
Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049, Spain
| | - Santiago Casado
- Madrid
Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Escuela
de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Otón
- CEMDATIC,
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department
of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Müller
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, P.R., China
| | - Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez
- Madrid
Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle
Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco 28049, Spain
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61
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Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang D. Molecular Materials That Can Both Emit Light and Conduct Charges: Strategies and Perspectives. Chemistry 2015; 22:462-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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62
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Koldemir U, Puniredd SR, Wagner M, Tongay S, McCarley TD, Kamenov GD, Müllen K, Pisula W, Reynolds JR. End Capping Does Matter: Enhanced Order and Charge Transport in Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tracy D. McCarley
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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63
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Zawodzki M, Resel R, Sferrazza M, Kettner O, Friedel B. Interfacial Morphology and Effects on Device Performance of Organic Bilayer Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16161-16168. [PMID: 26151720 PMCID: PMC4528257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interface roughness between donor and acceptor in a bilayer heterojunction solar cell were investigated on a polymer-polymer system based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Both polymers are known to reorganize into semicrystalline structures when heated above their glass-transition temperature. Here, the bilayers were thermally annealed below glass transition of the bulk polymers (≈140 °C) at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110 °C for time periods from 2 min up to 250 min. No change of crystallinity could be observed at those temperatures. However, X-ray reflectivity and device characteristics reveal a coherent trend upon heat treatment. In X-ray reflectivity investigations, an increasing interface roughness between the two polymers is observed as a function of temperature and annealing time, up to a value of 1 nm. Simultaneously, according bilayer devices show an up to 80% increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for short annealing periods at any of the mentioned temperatures. Together, this is in agreement with the expectations for enlargement of the interfacial area. However, for longer annealing times, a decrease of PCE is observed, despite the ongoing increase of interface roughness. The onset of decreasing PCE shifts to shorter durations the higher the annealing temperature. Both, X-ray reflectivity and device characteristics display a significant change at temperatures below the glass transition temperatures of P3HT and F8BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zawodzki
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Michele Sferrazza
- Département
de Physique, Université Libre de
Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia Kettner
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Bettina Friedel
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
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64
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Torkkeli M, Galbrecht F, Scherf U, Knaapila M. Solid State Structure of Poly(9,9-dinonylfluorene). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Torkkeli
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Galbrecht
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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65
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Fischer FSU, Kayunkid N, Trefz D, Ludwigs S, Brinkmann M. Structural Models of Poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) with Branched Side Chains: Impact of a Single Fluorine Atom on the Crystal Structure and Polymorphism of a Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S. U. Fischer
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Navaphun Kayunkid
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS – University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Trefz
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional
Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS – University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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66
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Vasilopoulou M, Douvas AM, Palilis LC, Kennou S, Argitis P. Old Metal Oxide Clusters in New Applications: Spontaneous Reduction of Keggin and Dawson Polyoxometalate Layers by a Metallic Electrode for Improving Efficiency in Organic Optoelectronics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6844-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios M. Douvas
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stella Kennou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens, Greece
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67
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Kilina S, Kilin D, Tretiak S. Light-Driven and Phonon-Assisted Dynamics in Organic and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5929-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kilina
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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68
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Anton AM, Steyrleuthner R, Kossack W, Neher D, Kremer F. Infrared Transition Moment Orientational Analysis on the Structural Organization of the Distinct Molecular Subunits in Thin Layers of a High Mobility n-Type Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6034-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Markus Anton
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Steyrleuthner
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Kossack
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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69
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Yang J, Ham S, Kim TW, Park KH, Nakao K, Shimizu H, Iyoda M, Kim D. Inhomogeneity in the excited-state torsional disorder of a conjugated macrocycle. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4116-26. [PMID: 25700008 DOI: 10.1021/jp5123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of conjugated polymers has generally been explained based on the interactions between the component conjugated chromophores in a tangled chain. However, conjugated chromophores are entities with static and dynamic structural disorder, which directly affects the conjugated polymer photophysics. Here we demonstrate the impact of chain structure torsional disorder on the spectral characteristics for a macrocyclic oligothiophene 1, which is obscured in conventional linear conjugated chromophores by diverse structural disorders such as those in chromophore size and shape. We used simultaneous multiple fluorescence parameter measurement for a single molecule and quantum-mechanical calculations to show that within the fixed conjugation length across the entire ring an inhomogeneity from torsional disorder in the structure of 1 plays a crucial role in causing its energetic disorder, which affords the spectral broadening of ∼220 meV. The torsional disorder in 1 fluctuated on the time scale of hundreds of milliseconds, typically accompanied by spectral drifts on the order of ∼10 meV. The fluctuations could generate torsional defects and change the electronic structure of 1 associated with the ring symmetry. These findings disclose the fundamental nature of conjugated chromophore that is the most elementary spectroscopic unit in conjugated polymers and suggest the importance of engineering structural disorder to optimize polymer-based device photophysics. Additionally, we combined defocused wide-field fluorescence microscopy and linear dichroism obtained from the simultaneous measurements to show that 1 emits polarized light with a changing polarization direction based on the torsional disorder fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Yang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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70
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Martinez-Ferrero E, Grigorian S, Ryan JW, Cambarau W, Palomares E. Influence of the molecular weight and size dispersion of the electroluminescent polymer on the performance of air-stable hybrid light-emitting diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1078-1086. [PMID: 25521280 DOI: 10.1021/am505197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the chain length and the molecular weight distribution of the electroluminescent polymer on the carrier transport properties and morphology of air stable hybrid light-emitting diodes is reported. It is found that variations between diverse as-received commercial batches play a major role in the performance of the devices, whose maximum luminance can differ up to 2 orders of magnitude. Through complementary optoelectronic, structural, and morphological characterization techniques, we provide insights into the relationship between charge dynamics and the structure of polymeric electroluminescent materials. The carrier dynamics are found to be dominated by both the polymeric chain length and the hole transport, which in turn is dependent on the concentration of trap states. Furthermore, the chain length is seen to affect the morphology of the active layer.
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71
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Jun CH, Ohisa S, Pu YJ, Chiba T, Kido J. Comparison of Spin and Blade Coating Methods in Solution-process for Organic Light-emitting Devices. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2015. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.28.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hwa Jun
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics,Yamagata University
| | - Satoru Ohisa
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics,Yamagata University
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics,Yamagata University
| | - Takayuki Chiba
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics,Yamagata University
| | - Junji Kido
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics,Yamagata University
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72
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Konstantinova LS, Knyazeva EA, Rakitin OA. Recent Developments in the Synthesis and Applications of 1,2,5-Thia- and Selenadiazoles. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.963454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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73
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Kopylova TN, Gadirov RM, Degtyarenko KM, Tel’minov EN, Solodova TA, Ponyavina EN, Nikonov SY, Nosova GI, Solovskaya NA, Berezin IA, Il’gach DM, Yakimansky AV. Spontaneous and stimulated emissions of copolyfluorenes during photo- and electro-excitation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Lee YH, Chen WC, Yang YL, Chiang CJ, Yokozawa T, Dai CA. Co-crystallization phase transformations in all π-conjugated block copolymers with different main-chain moieties. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5208-5216. [PMID: 24681573 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Driven by molecular affinity and balance in the crystallization kinetics, the ability to co-crystallize dissimilar yet self-crystallizable blocks of a block copolymer (BCP) into a uniform domain may strongly affect its phase diagram. In this study, we synthesize a new series of crystalline and monodisperse all-π-conjugated poly(2,5-dihexyloxy-p-phenylene)-b-poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene) (PPP-P3EHT) BCPs and investigate this multi-crystallization effect. Despite vastly different side-chain and main-chain structures, PPP and P3EHT blocks are able to co-crystallize into a single uniform domain comprising PPP and P3EHT main-chains with mutually interdigitated side-chains spaced in-between. With increasing P3EHT fraction, PPP-P3EHTs undergo sequential phase transitions and form hierarchical superstructures including predominately PPP nanofibrils, co-crystalline nanofibrils, a bilayer co-crystalline/pure P3EHT lamellar structure, a microphase-separated bilayer PPP-P3EHT lamellar structure, and finally P3EHT nanofibrils. In particular, the presence of the new co-crystalline lamellar structure is the manifestation of the interaction balance between self-crystallization and co-crystallization of the dissimilar polymers on the resulting nanostructure of the BCP. The current study demonstrates the co-crystallization nature of all-conjugated BCPs with different main-chain moieties and may provide new guidelines for the organization of π-conjugated BCPs for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Rd Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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75
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Chen JW, Huang CC, Chao CY. Supramolecular liquid-crystal gels formed by polyfluorene-based π-conjugated polymer for switchable anisotropic scattering device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6757-64. [PMID: 24724859 DOI: 10.1021/am500518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the problem of high driving voltage and low contrast ratio in the switchable scattering device of conventional liquid-crystal (LC) physical gel, a new type of supramolecular LC physical gel has been developed and fabricated through the fibrous self-assembly of the polyfluorene-based π-conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), in nematic LC mixture E7. It was found that the rubbed interface between the LC molecules and polyimide layer can induce the LC physical gels to demonstrate fantastic light scattering characteristic. The gels with oriented self-assembled supramolecular structures exhibiting significant anisotropic light scattering in the main-chain direction of the F8BT molecules under an extremely low driving voltage (ca. 2.7 V) are reported for the first time. In addition, the contrast ratio can be reached exceeding 1000. In contrast to conventional LC physical gels, the large reduction of driving voltages of the supramolecular gel provides great possibility for application in various electro-optical devices such as tunable polarizers, transflective displays, and polarized light modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
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76
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Gann E, McNeill CR, Szumilo M, Sirringhaus H, Sommer M, Maniam S, Langford SJ, Thomsen L. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy of naphthalene diimide-thiophene co-polymers. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:164710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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77
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Ferrón CC, Sheynin Y, Li M, Patra A, Bendikov M, López Navarrete JT, Hernández V, Ruiz Delgado MC. Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polyselenophenes and Poly(3,4-ethylenenedioxyselenophene)s. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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78
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Steyrleuthner R, Di Pietro R, Collins BA, Polzer F, Himmelberger S, Schubert M, Chen Z, Zhang S, Salleo A, Ade H, Facchetti A, Neher D. The Role of Regioregularity, Crystallinity, and Chain Orientation on Electron Transport in a High-Mobility n-Type Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4245-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4118736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Steyrleuthner
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Pietro
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brian A. Collins
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Frank Polzer
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott Himmelberger
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Marcel Schubert
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4034, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon
Avenue, Suite 140, Skokie, Illinois 60077-5318, United States
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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79
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Nosova GI, Lypenko DA, Smyslov RY, Berezin IA, Zhukova EV, Mal’tsev EI, Dmitriev AV, Litvinova LS, Solovskaya NA, Dobrokhotov OV, Abramov IG, Yakimanskii AV. Synthesis and photo- and electroluminescent properties of copolyfluorenes with nile red fragments in side chains. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Thermally reduced solution-processed graphene oxide thin film: An efficient infrared photodetector. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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81
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Fukuta S, Koganezawa T, Tokita M, Kawauchi S, Mori H, Ueda M, Higashihara T. ”Face-On” Oriented ^|^pi;-Conjugated Polymers Containing 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety Investigated with Synchrotron GIXS Measurements: Relationship between Morphology and PSC Performance. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2014. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.27.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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82
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P3HT and Other Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors. P3HT REVISITED – FROM MOLECULAR SCALE TO SOLAR CELL DEVICES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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83
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Wang H, Liu J, Xu Y, Yu X, Xing R, Han Y. Ordered fibrillar morphology of donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers at multiple scales via blending with flexible polymers and solvent vapor annealing: insight into photophysics and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1441-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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85
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Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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86
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Yan C, Cadby AJ, Parnell AJ, Tang W, Skoda MWA, Mohamad D, King SP, Reynolds LX, Haque SA, Wang T, Parnell SR, Holmes AB, Jones RAL, Jones DJ. Photophysics and morphology of a polyfluorene donor-acceptor triblock copolymer for solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; Building 102; 30 Flemington Road; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ashley J. Cadby
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Sheffield; Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Sheffield; Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom
| | - Weihua Tang
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; Building 102; 30 Flemington Road; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Maximilian W. A. Skoda
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Harwell Science and Innovation Campus; Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom
| | - David Mohamad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Sheffield; Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. King
- Imperial College London; Department of Chemistry; South Kensington Campus; London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Luke X. Reynolds
- Imperial College London; Department of Chemistry; South Kensington Campus; London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Imperial College London; Department of Chemistry; South Kensington Campus; London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Sheffield; Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom
| | - Steven R. Parnell
- Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana Indiana 47408
| | - Andrew B. Holmes
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; Building 102; 30 Flemington Road; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Richard A. L. Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Sheffield; Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road Sheffield S3 7RH United Kingdom
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry; Bio21 Institute; Building 102; 30 Flemington Road; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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87
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Yang JS, Yan JL. Synthesis and Properties of Triptycene-Diaminostilbene Hybrid Systems. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200600197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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88
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James DT, Frost JM, Wade J, Nelson J, Kim JS. Controlling microstructure of pentacene derivatives by solution processing: impact of structural anisotropy on optoelectronic properties. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7983-7991. [PMID: 23919253 DOI: 10.1021/nn403073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The consideration of anisotropic structural properties and their impact on optoelectronic properties in small-molecule thin films is vital to understand the performance of devices incorporating crystalline organic semiconductors. Here we report on the important relationship between structural and optoelectronic anisotropy in aligned, functionalized-pentacene thin films fabricated using the solution-based zone-casting technique. The microstructure of thin films composed of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and 6,13-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TES-pentacene) is systematically controlled by varying the casting speed. By controlling the structural alignment, we were able to experimentally decouple, for the first time in these films, an intramolecular absorption transition dipole (at ∼440 nm) oriented close to the pentacene short axis and an intermolecular absorption transition dipole (at ∼695 nm) oriented predominantly along the conjugated pentacene-pentacene core stacking axis (crystallographic a-axis) in both films. Using the intermolecular absorption as a signature for intermolecular delocalization, much higher optical dichroism was obtained in TES-pentacene (16 ± 6) than TIPS-pentacene (3.2 ± 0.1), which was attributed to the 1D packing structure of TES-pentacene compared to the 2D packing structure of TIPS-pentacene. This result was also supported by field-effect mobility anisotropy measurements of the films, with TES-pentacene exhibiting a higher anisotropy (∼21-47, depending on the casting speed) than TIPS-pentacene (∼3-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- David T James
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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89
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Faria GC, deAzevedo ER, von Seggern H. Molecular Origin of Charge Traps in Polyfluorene-Based Semiconductors. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregório C. Faria
- Instituto
de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box: 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse
23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eduardo R. deAzevedo
- Instituto
de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box: 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse
23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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90
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Wood S, Kim JS, James DT, Tsoi WC, Murphy CE, Kim JS. Understanding the relationship between molecular order and charge transport properties in conjugated polymer based organic blend photovoltaic devices. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4816706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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91
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Ashraf RS, Schroeder BC, Bronstein HA, Huang Z, Thomas S, Kline RJ, Brabec CJ, Rannou P, Anthopoulos TD, Durrant JR, McCulloch I. The influence of polymer purification on photovoltaic device performance of a series of indacenodithiophene donor polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2029-2034. [PMID: 23417853 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of low bandgap indacenodithiophene polymers is purified by recycling SEC in order to isolate narrow polydispersity fractions. This additional purification step is found to have a significant beneficial influence on the solar cell performance and the reasons for this performance increase are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Shahid Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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92
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Lu LP, Finlayson CE, Kabra D, Albert-Seifried S, Song MH, Havenith RWA, Tu G, Huck WTS, Friend RH. The Influence of Side-Chain Position on the Optoelectronic Properties of a Red-Emitting Conjugated Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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93
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Knaapila M, Monkman AP. Methods for controlling structure and photophysical properties in polyfluorene solutions and gels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1090-1108. [PMID: 23341026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the phase behavior of polyfluorene solutions and gels has expanded tremendously in recent years. The relationship between the structure formation and photophysics is known at the quantitative level. The factors which we understand control these relationships include virtually all important materials parameters such as solvent quality, side chain branching, side chain length, molecular weight, thermal history and myriad functionalizations. This review describes advances in controlling structure and photophysical properties in polyfluorene solutions and gels. It discusses the demarcation lines between solutions, gels, and macrophase separation in conjugated polymers and reviews essential solid state properties needed for understanding of solutions. It gives an insight into polyfluorene and polyfluorene beta phase in solutions and gels and describes all the structural levels in solvent matrices, ranging from intramolecular structures to the diverse aggregate classes and network structures and agglomerates of these units. It goes on to describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of these structures. It details the manifold molecular parameters used in their control and continues with the molecular confinement and touches on permanently cross-linked networks. Particular focus is placed on the experimental results of archetypical polyfluorenes and solvent matrices and connection between structure and photonics. A connection is also made to the mean field type theories of hairy-rod like polymers. This altogether allows generalizations and provides a guideline for materials scientists, synthetic chemists and device engineers as well, for this important class of semiconductor, luminescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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94
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Duan C, Zhang K, Guan X, Zhong C, Xie H, Huang F, Chen J, Peng J, Cao Y. Conjugated zwitterionic polyelectrolyte-based interface modification materials for high performance polymer optoelectronic devices. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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95
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Neto BAD, Lapis AAM, da Silva Júnior EN, Dupont J. 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole and Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties, Reactions, and Applications in Light Technology of Small Molecules. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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96
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Kimura M, Karasawa M, Sasagawa N, Takemoto K, Goto R, Mori S. Organic Sensitizers Including π-Conjugated Fluorene–Benzothiadiazole Bridge for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Kimura
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | | - Naoki Sasagawa
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | | - Ryota Goto
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Shogo Mori
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
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97
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Brinkmann M, Gonthier E, Bogen S, Tremel K, Ludwigs S, Hufnagel M, Sommer M. Segregated versus mixed interchain stacking in highly oriented films of naphthalene diimide bithiophene copolymers. ACS NANO 2012; 6:10319-10326. [PMID: 23092502 DOI: 10.1021/nn304213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly oriented films of an electron accepting polymer semiconductor, poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenedicarboximide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDI2OD-T2), are obtained by two different methods, namely directional epitaxial crystallization (DEC) on 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and epitaxy on friction transferred poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates. Two distinct polymorphs with unprecedented intrachain resolution are identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Form I is obtained by DEC on TCB, whereas highly oriented films of form II are obtained on PTFE substrates after melting at T = 300 °C and cooling at 0.5 K/min. In form I, both electron diffraction and HR-TEM indicate a segregated stacking of bithiophene (T2) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) units forming separate columns. In form II, a ∼c/2 shift between successive π-stacked chains leads to mixed π-overlaps of T2 and NDI. Form I can be transformed into form II by annealing at T > 250 °C. The different π-stacking of NDI and T2 in the two polymorphs have characteristic signatures in the UV-vis spectra, especially in the charge transfer band around 750 nm which is also observed in spin-coated films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
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98
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Gélinas S, Kirkpatrick J, Howard IA, Johnson K, Wilson MWB, Pace G, Friend RH, Silva C. Recombination Dynamics of Charge Pairs in a Push–Pull Polyfluorene-Derivative. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4649-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3089963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gélinas
- Département de Physique & Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J.
Thompson Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - James Kirkpatrick
- Oxford
Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford
OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Howard
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerr Johnson
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J.
Thompson Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. B. Wilson
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J.
Thompson Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppina Pace
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J.
Thompson Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J.
Thompson Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Silva
- Département de Physique & Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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99
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Anselmo AS, Dzwilewski A, Svensson K, Moons E. Molecular orientation and composition at the surface of spin-coated polyfluorene:Fullerene blend films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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100
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Steyrleuthner R, Schubert M, Howard I, Klaumünzer B, Schilling K, Chen Z, Saalfrank P, Laquai F, Facchetti A, Neher D. Aggregation in a High-Mobility n-Type Low-Bandgap Copolymer with Implications on Semicrystalline Morphology. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18303-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Howard
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55021 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Zhihua Chen
- Polyera Corporation, Skokie, Illinois
60077, United States
| | | | - Frédéric Laquai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, D-55021 Mainz, Germany
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