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Huang ZZ, Leman LJ, Ghadiri MR. Biomimetic catalysis of diketopiperazine and dipeptide syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1758-61. [PMID: 18213666 PMCID: PMC2585744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Entry for the Table of Contents Modular, supramolecular catalysts based on the coiled coil peptide scaffold and designed to mimic nonribosomal peptide synthetases are demonstrated to catalyze the formation of diketopiperazine and linear dipeptides for several aminoacyl substrates. We further demonstrate that the nature of the active site residues in the peptide catalysts can be used to effect directed intermodular aminoacyl transfer processes and govern the relative yields of diketopiperazine, linear dipeptide, and hydrolyzed substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wan Q, Danishefsky S. Free-Radical-Based, Specific Desulfurization of Cysteine: A Powerful Advance in the Synthesis of Polypeptides and Glycopolypeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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54
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Spetzler JC, Hoeg-Jensen T. Tandem ligation at X-Cys and Gly-Gly positions via an orthogonally protected auxiliary group. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:4700-4. [PMID: 17507231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzylamine (Dmmb) has been protected by acetamidomethyl (Acm) and incorporated into a peptide thioester for use in tandem native chemical ligation. Upon ligation between the thioester and a Cys-peptide, Acm was removed from Dmmb using silver acetate, and a second ligation reaction was done at the Dmmb position. Dmmb removal using TFMSA-TFA effected overall tandem ligation at X-Cys and Gly-Gly.
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55
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Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of proteins. Although its significance in biological system is well recognized, approaches to analyze carbohydrate function are limited. This is because of difficulty in obtaining homogeneous glycoproteins from natural sources. Due to the progress of the carbohydrate and peptide chemistry, syntheses of various homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins, which are suitable for biological studies, have been achieved by chemical means. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in the field of glycopeptide synthesis after 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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56
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Wilcoxen KM, Leman LJ, Weinberger DA, Huang ZZ, Ghadiri MR. Biomimetic catalysis of intermodular aminoacyl transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:748-9. [PMID: 17243796 PMCID: PMC2453065 DOI: 10.1021/ja067124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Wilcoxen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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57
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Leman LJ, Weinberger DA, Huang ZZ, Wilcoxen KM, Ghadiri MR. Functional and mechanistic analyses of biomimetic aminoacyl transfer reactions in de novo designed coiled coil peptides via rational active site engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2959-66. [PMID: 17302417 PMCID: PMC2453064 DOI: 10.1021/ja068052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) carry out instructed peptide synthesis through a series of directed intermodular aminoacyl transfer reactions. We recently reported the design of coiled-coil assemblies that could functionally mimic the elementary aminoacyl loading and intermodular aminoacyl transfer steps of NRPSs. These peptides were designed initially to accelerate aminoacyl transfer mainly through catalysis by approximation by closely juxtaposing four active site moieties, two each from adjacent noncovalently associated helical modules. In our designs peptide self-assembly positions a cysteine residue that is used to covalently capture substrates from solution via transthiolesterification (substrate loading step to generate the aminoacyl donor site) adjacent to an aminoacyl acceptor site provided by a covalently tethered amino acid or modeled by the epsilon-amine of an active site lysine. However, through systematic functional analyses of 48 rationally designed peptide sequences, we have now determined that the substrate loading and intermodular aminoacyl transfer steps can be significantly influenced (up to approximately 103-fold) by engineering changes in the active site microenvironment through amino acid substitutions and variations in the inter-residue distances and geometry. Mechanistic studies based on 15N NMR and kinetic analysis further indicate that certain active site constellations furnish an unexpectedly large pK(a) depression (1.5 pH units) of the aminoacyl-acceptor moiety, helping to explain the observed high rates of aminoacyl transfer in those constructs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering efficient de novo peptide sequences possessing active sites and functions reminiscent of those in natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Leman
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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58
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Manabe S, Sugioka T, Ito Y. Facile peptide thioester synthesis via solution-phase tosylamide preparation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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59
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Promising agents at the interface of biology and oncology derived through chemical synthesis. PURE APPL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200779122189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This account traces the development of our synthetic glycopeptide- and glycoprotein-based research program over the past decade. We recount the syntheses of a number of biologically relevant, natural product-inspired glycopeptide constructs, including those associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) and with the gp120 surface envelope protein of HIV. We also describe our progress toward the synthesis of the multiply glycosylated protein, erythropoietin (EPO). Particular emphasis is placed on the development of enabling methodologies which allow for the ligation of complex glycopeptide fragments, thus rendering it possible to access, through purely synthetic means, homogeneous, multidomainal glycopeptide and glycoprotein constructs.
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61
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Abstract
The construction of homogeneous glycoproteins presents a formidable challenge to the synthetic chemist. Over the past few years there has been an explosion in the number of methods developed to address this problem. These methods include the development of novel ligation technologies for the synthesis of the protein backbone, as well chemical and enzymatic approaches for introducing complex glycans into the peptide backbone. This tutorial review discusses the application of these techniques to the synthesis of peptides and proteins possessing well defined glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Mature homogeneous erythropoietin building blocks by chemical synthesis: the EPO 22–37 glycopeptide domain presenting the full N-linked dodecasaccharide. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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63
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Chen J, Chen G, Wu B, Wan Q, Tan Z, Hua Z, Danishefsky SJ. Mature Homogeneous Erythropoietin-Level Building Blocks by Chemical Synthesis: The EPO 114-166 Glycopeptide Domain, Presenting the O-Linked Glycophorin. Tetrahedron Lett 2006; 47:8013-8016. [PMID: 17426819 PMCID: PMC1849969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of EPO 114-166 glycopeptide (1), presenting the O-linked glycophorin of erythropoietin, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gong Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Qian Wan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zihao Hua
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
- * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-212-639-5501; fax: +1-212-772-8691; e-mail:
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