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Dunand O, Darmanin T, Guittard F. Superhydrophobic Conducting Polymers Based on Hydrocarbon Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxyselenophene). Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2947-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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52
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53
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Darmanin T, Guittard F. pH- and Voltage-Switchable Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Electro-Copolymerization of EDOT Derivatives Containing Carboxylic Acids and Long Alkyl Chains. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2529-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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54
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Celia E, Darmanin T, Taffin de Givenchy E, Amigoni S, Guittard F. Recent advances in designing superhydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 402:1-18. [PMID: 23647693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interest in superhydrophobic surfaces has grown exponentially over recent decades. Since the lotus leaf dual hierarchical structure was discovered, researchers have investigated the foundations of self-cleaning behavior. Generally, surface micro/nanostructuring combined with low surface energy of materials leads to extreme anti-wetting properties. The great number of papers on this subject attests the efforts of scientists in mimicking nature to generate superhydrophobicity. Besides the thirst for knowledge, scientists have been driven by the many possible industrial applications of superhydrophobic materials in several fields. Many methods and techniques have been developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces, and the aim of this paper is to review the recent progresses in preparing manmade superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Celia
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis & CNRS, Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), UMR 7336, Groupe Surfaces & Interfaces, Nice, France
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55
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Darmanin T, Taffin de Givenchy E, Amigoni S, Guittard F. Superhydrophobic surfaces by electrochemical processes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1378-1394. [PMID: 23381950 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This review is an exhaustive representation of the electrochemical processes reported in the literature to produce superhydrophobic surfaces. Due to the intensive demand in the elaboration of superhydrophobic materials using low-cost, reproducible and fast methods, the use of strategies based on electrochemical processes have exponentially grown these last five years. These strategies are separated in two parts: the oxidation processes, such as oxidation of metals in solution, the anodization of metals or the electrodeposition of conducting polymers, and the reduction processed such as the electrodeposition of metals or the galvanic deposition. One of the main advantages of the electrochemical processes is the relative easiness to produce various surface morphologies and a precise control of the structures at a micro- or a nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Darmanin
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis & CNRS, Laboratoire Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, Nice, France
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56
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Tuo X. Synthesis and simultaneous self-assembly of multiblock fluorinated polyurethane in iniferter polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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57
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Farbod F, Pourabbas B, Sharif M. Direct breath figure formation on PMMA and superhydrophobic surface using in situ
perfluoro-modified silica nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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58
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Bellanger H, Darmanin T, de Givenchy ET, Guittard F. Influence of long alkyl spacers in the elaboration of superoleophobic surfaces with short fluorinated chains. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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59
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Tarrade J, Darmanin T, de Givenchy ET, Guittard F. Super liquid-repellent properties of electrodeposited hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon copolymers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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60
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Wolfs M, Darmanin T, Guittard F. Analogy of morphology in electrodeposited hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon polymers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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61
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Liang W, Guo Z. Stable superhydrophobic and superoleophilic soft porous materials for oil/water separation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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62
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Darmanin T, Guittard F. Tunable Surface Nanoporosity by Electropolymerization of N
-Alkyl-3,4-ethylenedioxypyrroles With Different Alkyl Chain Lengths. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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63
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Kawabata K, Goto H. Dynamically Controllable Emission of Polymer Nanofibers: Electrofluorescence Chromism and Polarized Emission of Polycarbazole Derivatives. Chemistry 2012; 18:15065-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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64
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Gan Y, Jiang X, Yin J. Self-Wrinkling Patterned Surface of Photocuring Coating Induced by the Fluorinated POSS Containing Thiol Groups (F-POSS-SH) as the Reactive Nanoadditive. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Gan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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65
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Facile fabrication of a superhydrophobic fabric with mechanical stability and easy-repairability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 380:182-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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66
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Luo SC, Sekine J, Zhu B, Zhao H, Nakao A, Yu HH. Polydioxythiophene nanodots, nonowires, nano-networks, and tubular structures: the effect of functional groups and temperature in template-free electropolymerization. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3018-3026. [PMID: 22424318 DOI: 10.1021/nn300737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various nanostructures, including nanofibers, nanodots, nanonetwork, and nano- to microsize tubes of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (ProDOT) are created by using a template-free electropolymerization method on indium-tin-oxide substrates. By investigating conducting polymer nanostructures containing various functional groups prepared at different polymerization temperature, we conclude a synergistic effect of functional groups and temperature on the formation of polymer nanostructures when a template-free electropolymerization method is applied. For unfunctionalized EDOT and ProDOT, or EDOT containing alkyl functional groups, nanofibers and nanoporous structures are usually found. Interesting, when polar functional groups are attached, conducting polymers tend to form nanodots at room temperature while grow tubular structures at low temperature. The relationship between surface properties and their nanostructures is evaluated by contact angle measurements. The capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted to understand the electrical properties of using these materials as electrodes. The results provide the relationship between the functional groups, nanostructures, and electrical properties. We also discuss the potential restriction of using this method to create nanostructures. The copolymerization of different functionalized EDOTs may cause irregular and unexpected nanostructures, which indicates the complex interaction between different functionalized monomers during the electropolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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67
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Gao W, Sattayasamitsathit S, Uygun A, Pei A, Ponedal A, Wang J. Polymer-based tubular microbots: role of composition and preparation. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2447-53. [PMID: 22374514 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the composition and electropolymerization conditions upon the propulsion of new template-prepared polymer-based bilayer microtubular microbots is described. The effects of different electropolymerized outer layers, including polypyrrole (PPy), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANI), and of various inner catalytic metal surfaces (Ag, Pt, Au, Ni-Pt alloy), upon the movement of such bilayer microtubes are evaluated and compared. Electropolymerization conditions, such as the monomer concentration and medium (e.g. surfactant, electrolyte), have a profound effect upon the morphology and locomotion of the resulting microtubes. The most efficient propulsion is observed using PEDOT/Pt microbots that offer a record-breaking speed of over 1400 body lengths s(-1) at physiological temperature, which is the fastest relative speed reported to date for all artificial micro/nanomotors. An inner Pt-Ni alloy surface is shown useful for combining magnetic control and catalytic fuel decomposition within one layer, thus greatly simplifying the preparation of magnetically-guided microbots. Polymer-based microbots with an inner gold layer offer efficient biocatalytic propulsion in low peroxide level in connection to an immobilized catalase enzyme. Metallic Au/Pt bilayer microbots can also be prepared electrochemically to offer high speed propulsion towards potential biomedical applications through functionalization of the outer gold surface. Such rational template preparation and systematic optimization of highly efficient microbots hold considerable promise for diverse practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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68
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Bellanger H, Darmanin T, Guittard F. Surface structuration (micro and/or nano) governed by the fluorinated tail lengths toward superoleophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:186-192. [PMID: 22121834 DOI: 10.1021/la2034356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As compared to superhydrophobic surfaces, the challenge to obtain superoleophobic properties, surfaces against low-surface-tension probe liquids such as hexadecane, is very important because of their high tendency to wet. From the molecular design of the monomer, it is possible to obtain in one step superoleophobic surfaces by electrodeposition. Hence, we report the synthesis and the characterization of an original series of fluorinated 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOP) derivatives. The electrodeposited polymer films are characterized by contact angle measurements (static and dynamic with various probe liquids), optical profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. In the view toward reaching superoleophobic properties, a common approach is to increase the number of fluoromethylene units of the surface post-treatment agent. Here, surprisingly, it is possible, in one step, to reach more efficient antioil surface properties by decreasing the length of the fluorinated tail (F-octyl to F-hexyl). This fact can be explained by a double scale of structuration (micro and nano) induced using only F-hexyl tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bellanger
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques et Métalliques, Equipe Chimie Organique aux Interfaces, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Equipe chimie organique aux interfaces, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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69
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Bellanger H, Darmanin T, Taffin de Givenchy E, Guittard F. Superhydrophobic hollow spheres by electrodeposition of fluorinated poly(3,4-ethylenedithiopyrrole). RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21665e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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70
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Dong X, He L, Wang N, Liang JY, Niu MJ, Zhao X. Diblock fluoroacrylate copolymers from two initiators: synthesis, self-assembly and surface properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Stachewicz U, Stone CA, Willis CR, Barber AH. Charge assisted tailoring of chemical functionality at electrospun nanofiber surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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