51
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Zhang K, Liu D, Zhong Y, Li Y, Yu L, Li F, Sun M, Yang R. Weakening the Aggregations of Polymer Chains toward Efficient Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800446. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Deyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yaqian Zhong
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province; School of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 China
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52
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Han G, Yi Y. Rationalizing Small-Molecule Donor Design toward High-Performance Organic Solar Cells: Perspective from Molecular Architectures. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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53
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Bin H, Yao J, Yang Y, Angunawela I, Sun C, Gao L, Ye L, Qiu B, Xue L, Zhu C, Yang C, Zhang ZG, Ade H, Li Y. High-Efficiency All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on an Organic Molecule Donor with Alkylsilyl-Thienyl Conjugated Side Chains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706361. [PMID: 29782668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two medium-bandgap p-type organic small molecules H21 and H22 with an alkylsily-thienyl conjugated side chain on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene central units are synthesized and used as donors in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs) with a narrow-bandgap n-type small molecule 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((4,4,9,9-tetrahexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC) as the acceptor. In comparison to H21 with 3-ethyl rhodanine as the terminal group, H22 with cyanoacetic acid esters as the terminal group shows blueshifted absorption, higher charge-carrier mobility and better 3D charge pathway in blend films. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the SM-OSCs based on H22:IDIC reaches 10.29% with a higher open-circuit voltage of 0.942 V and a higher fill factor of 71.15%. The PCE of 10.29% is among the top efficiencies of nonfullerene SM-OSCs reported in the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing JiaoTong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yankang Yang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chenkai Sun
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Beibei Qiu
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chunhe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing JiaoTong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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54
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Xu P, Liu P, Li Y, Xu B, Kloo L, Sun L, Hua Y. D-A-D-Typed Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Tuning Photovoltaic Properties via the Acceptor Group. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19697-19703. [PMID: 29785846 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two D-A-D-structured hole-transport materials (YN1 and YN2) have been synthesized and used in perovskite solar cells. The two HTMs have low-lying HOMO levels and impressive mobility. Perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with YN2 showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 19.27% in ambient air, which is significantly higher than that of Spiro-OMeTAD (17.80%). PSCs based on YN1 showed an inferior PCE of 16.03%. We found that the incorporation of the stronger electron-withdrawing group in the HTM YN2 improves the PCE of PSCs. Furthermore, the YN2-based PSCs exhibit good long-term stability retaining 91.3% of its initial efficiency, whereas PSCs based on Spiro-OMeTAD retained only 42.2% after 1000 h lifetime (dark conditions). These promising results can provide a new strategy for the design of D-A-D HTMs for PSC applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , Yunnan , P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Bo Xu
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Uppsala 75120 , Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 30 , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Yong Hua
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , Yunnan , P. R. China
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55
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Effect of electron-withdrawing terminal group on BDT-based donor materials for organic solar cells: a theoretical investigation. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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56
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Huo Y, Yan C, Kan B, Liu XF, Chen LC, Hu CX, Lau TK, Lu X, Sun CL, Shao X, Chen Y, Zhan X, Zhang HL. Medium-Bandgap Small-Molecule Donors Compatible with Both Fullerene and Nonfullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9587-9594. [PMID: 29489322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to the development of new donor materials for small-molecule organic solar cells due to their inherent advantages of well-defined molecular weight, easy purification, and good reproducibility in photovoltaic performance. Herein, we report two small-molecule donors that are compatible with both fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors. Both molecules consist of an (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethane-substituted (TVT-substituted) benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) as the central unit, and two rhodanine units as the terminal electron-withdrawing groups. The central units are modified with either alkyl side chains (DRBDT-TVT) or alkylthio side chains (DRBDT-STVT). Both molecules exhibit a medium bandgap with complementary absorption and proper energy level offset with typical acceptors like PC71BM and IDIC. The optimized devices show a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.87% for small-molecule organic solar cells and 6.63% for nonfullerene all small-molecule organic solar cells. Our results reveal that rationally designed medium-bandgap small-molecule donors can be applied in high-performance small-molecule organic solar cells with different types of acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Bin Kan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Chen-Xia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong , China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
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57
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Nozzle Printed-PEDOT:PSS for Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Various Dilution Rates of Ethanol. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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58
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Miao J, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. An A-D-A'-D-A type small molecule acceptor with a broad absorption spectrum for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:303-306. [PMID: 29239415 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules with wide absorption spectra exhibit great sunlight harvesting capability and are critically important for solar cell applications. In this manuscript, we develop an A-D-A'-D-A type small molecule acceptor (IID-IC) using isoindigo (IID) as the electron-deficient core unit (A'), thiophene as the electron-rich bridging units (D) and 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) as the electron-deficient endcapping groups (A). IID-IC shows a wide absorption spectrum with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 190 nm, which is almost twice that of a typical A-D-A type molecule acceptor. The wide absorption spectrum of IID-IC is possibly due to the partially suppressed intramolecular charge transfer effect with the additional electron-deficient core unit. An organic solar cell (OSC) device based on IID-IC exhibits the power conversion efficiency of 2.82% with broad photoresponse from 320 nm to 780 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Yang Z, Chen H, Wang H, Mo D, Liu L, Chao P, Zhu Y, Liu C, Chen W, He F. The integrated adjustment of chlorine substitution and two-dimensional side chain of low band gap polymers in organic solar cells. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01792h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chlorination and side-chain extension of benzothiadiazole derivatives can finely manipulate the open-circuit voltage in their solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Daize Mo
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Longzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Pengjie Chao
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- PR China
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60
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Sengupta S, Pandey UK. Dual emissive bodipy–benzodithiophene–bodipy TICT triad with a remarkable Stokes shift of 194 nm. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2033-2038. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) triad based on BODIPY and benzodithiophene exhibited a high Stokes shift of ∼194 nm, TICT and high mobility of 4.46 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER)
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Upendra K. Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER)
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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61
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Khlaifia D, Massuyeau F, Ewels CP, Duvail JL, Faulques E, Alimi K. DFT Modeling of Novel Donor-Acceptor (D-A) Molecules Incorporating 3-hexylthiophene (3HT) for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Khlaifia
- Unité de Recherche, Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; University of Monastir; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Christopher P. Ewels
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Eric Faulques
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN); Université de Nantes, CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Unité de Recherche, Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; University of Monastir; 5000 Monastir Tunisia
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Abstract
Thiophene-based π-conjugated organic small molecules and polymers are the research subject of significant current interest owing to their potential use as organic semiconductors in material chemistry. Despite simple and similar molecular structures, the hitherto reported properties of thiophene-based organic semiconductors are rather diverse. Design of high performance organic semiconducting materials requires a thorough understanding of inter- and intra-molecular interactions, solid-state packing, and the influence of both factors on the charge carrier transport. In this chapter, thiophene-based organic semiconductors, which are classified in terms of their chemical structures and their structure-property relationships, are addressed for the potential applications as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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63
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Wang Z, Zhu L, Shuai Z, Wei Z. A-π-D-π-A Electron-Donating Small Molecules for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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64
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Liu Q, Ho CL, Zhu N, Fu Y, Xie Z, Wang L, Harvey PD, Wong WY. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new ruthenium(II)-bis(aryleneethynylene) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Teo KY, Tiong MH, Wee HY, Jasin N, Liu ZQ, Shiu MY, Tang JY, Tsai JK, Rahamathullah R, Khairul WM, Tay MG. The influence of the push-pull effect and a π-conjugated system in conversion efficiency of bis-chalcone compounds in a dye sensitized solar cell. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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66
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Fernandez D, Viterisi A, Challuri V, Ryan JW, Martinez-Ferrero E, Gispert-Guirado F, Martinez M, Escudero E, Stenta C, Marsal LF, Palomares E. Understanding the Limiting Factors of Solvent-Annealed Small-Molecule Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells from a Chemical Perspective. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3118-3134. [PMID: 28544632 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed account of the limiting factors of solvent-annealed bulk-heterojunction small-molecule organic solar cells is given. This account is based on the extensive characterisation of solar cell devices made from a library of five diketopyrolopyrole (DPP) donor dyes. Their chemical structure is designed in such a way as to provide insights into the energetics of solar cell active layer micro-structure formation. Numerous chemical and physical properties of the active layers are assessed and inter-related such as light absorption, molecular packing in the solid state, crystal-forming properties in thin films, charge carrier mobility and charge carrier recombination kinetics. A myriad of characterisation techniques are used such as UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, XRD, AFM and photo-induced transient measurements, which provide information on the optical properties of the active layers, morphology and recombination kinetics. Consequently, a mechanism for the solvent-vapour-annealing-assisted formation of crystalline domains of donor molecules in the active layer is proposed, and the micro-structural features are related to the J-V characteristics of the devices. According to this model, the crystalline phase in which the donor crystallise in the active layer is the key determinant to direct the formation of the micro-structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aurelien Viterisi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vijay Challuri
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - James W Ryan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Francesc Gispert-Guirado
- Scientific Resources Service, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Escudero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Caterina Stenta
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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67
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Meti P, Yang JW, Gong YD. Self-assembled organic microfibers and nanofibers of 2,6-diphenyl dihydrodipyrrolopyrazine (DP-DPP) derivatives for optoelectronic applications. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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68
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Zara Z, Iqbal J, BiBi S, Sadaf S, Eliasson B. Designing Benzodithiophene-Based Donor Materials with Favorable Photovoltaic Parameters for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Zara
- Department of Chemistry; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
- Punjab Bio-energy Institute (PBI); University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Shamsa BiBi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
| | - Sana Sadaf
- Punjab Bio-energy Institute (PBI); University of Agriculture; Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan
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69
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Zhang S, Sun T, Xu Z, Li T, Li Y, Niu Q, Liu H. Novel biphenylene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based A–π–D–π–A molecule: Synthesis, optical, electrochemical and electronical properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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70
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Chen M, Du C, Ren X, Yi M, Yi J, Chen C, Liu F, Li M, Ma C, Wang H. Phthalimide and Naphthalimide end-Capped Diketopyrrolopyrrole for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Chenchen Du
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Maoheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jinduo Yi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
- No. 2 High School Affiliated to East China Normal University, Zizhu, 350 Zifeng Road, Minhang District; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chufeng Chen
- No. 2 High School Affiliated to East China Normal University, Zizhu, 350 Zifeng Road, Minhang District; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Minjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Changqi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road; Shanghai 200444 China
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71
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Gao Z, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhang D. A New Benzodithiophene-Based Cruciform Electron-Donor-Electron-Acceptor Molecule with Ambipolar/Photoresponsive Semiconducting and Red-Light-Emissive Properties. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Sifen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratories for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratories of Organic Solids and Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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72
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Privado M, Cuesta V, de la Cruz P, Keshtov ML, Singhal R, Sharmad GD, Langa F. Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Non-Fullerene Acceptor Core End-Capped with Rhodanine Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11739-11748. [PMID: 28287699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a novel A-D-A-D-A non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor (NFSMA) bearing a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor central core coupled to terminal rhodanine acceptors via a thiophene donor linker (denoted as MPU1) for use in non-fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). This NFSMA exhibits a narrow optical band gap (1.48 eV), strong absorption in the 600-800 nm wavelength region of the solar spectrum, and a lowest unoccupied energy level of -3.99 eV. When the mixture of a medium band gap D-A copolymer P (1.75 eV) was used as donor and MPU1 as acceptor, the blend film showed a broad absorption profile from 400 to 850 nm, beneficial for light harvesting efficiency of the resulted polymer solar cell. After optimization of the donor-to-acceptor weight ratios and concentration of solvent additive, the P-MPU1-based PSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.52% (Jsc= 12.37 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.98 V, and fill factor = 0.62), which is much higher than that for a P3HT-MPU1-based device (2.16%) prepared under identical conditions. The higher value for the P-MPU1-based device relative to the P3HT-MPU1-based one is related to the low energy loss and more balanced charge transport in the device based on the P donor. These results indicate that alteration of the absorption spectra and electrochemical energy levels of non-fullerene acceptors, and appropriate selection of the polymer donor with complementary absorption profile, is a promising means to further boost the performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Privado
- Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuesta
- Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Mukhamed L Keshtov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharmad
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Physics, LNM Institute of Information Technology , Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fernando Langa
- Institute of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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73
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Feng H, Li M, Ni W, Kan B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wan X, Chen Y. A series of dithienobenzodithiophene based small molecules for highly efficient organic solar cells. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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74
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The A-D-A type small molecules with isomeric benzodithiophene cores: Synthesis and influence of isomers on photoelectronic properties. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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75
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Yang L, Zhang S, He C, Zhang J, Yao H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Hou J. New Wide Band Gap Donor for Efficient Fullerene-Free All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1958-1966. [PMID: 28081597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new organic small molecule, DRTB-T, that incorporates a two-dimensional trialkylthienyl-substituted benzodithiophene core building block was designed and synthesized. DRTB-T has a band gap (Egopt) of 2.0 eV with a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.51 eV. Nonfullerene small-molecule solar cells consisting of DRTB-T and a nonfullerene acceptor (IC-C6IDT-IC) were constructed, and the morphology of the active layer was fine-tuned by solvent vapor annealing (SVA). The device showed a record 9.08% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc = 0.98 V). This is the highest PCE for a nonfullerene small-molecule organic solar cell (NFSM-OSC) reported to date. Our notable results demonstrate that the molecular design of a wide band gap (WBG) donor to create a well-matched donor-acceptor pair with a low band gap (LBG) nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor, as well as subtle morphological control, provides great potential to realize high-performance NFSM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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76
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Srinivasa Rao R, Bagui A, Hanumantha Rao G, Gupta V, Singh SP. Achieving the highest efficiency using a BODIPY core decorated with dithiafulvalene wings for small molecule based solution-processed organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6953-6956. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03363j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel boron dipyrromethene based dye, coded as BODIPY-DTF, decorated with dithiafulvalene wings has been developed for solar cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Srinivasa Rao
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Anirban Bagui
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- India
| | - G. Hanumantha Rao
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Vinay Gupta
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
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77
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Shang Q, Wang M, Wei J, Zheng Q. Indenothiophene-based asymmetric small molecules for organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indenothiophene-based asymmetric small molecules have been designed, synthesized, and used for organic solar cells with efficiencies up to 4.57%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
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78
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79
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Sivakumar G, Sasikumar M, Rao VJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based D‐π‐A‐π‐D Small Molecules for Organic Solar Cell Applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangala Sivakumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Mayarambakam Sasikumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Network Institutes for Solar Energy New Delhi India
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80
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Du J, Fortney A, Washington KE, Bulumulla C, Huang P, Dissanayake D, Biewer MC, Kowalewski T, Stefan MC. Systematic Investigation of Benzodithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Isomers for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33025-33033. [PMID: 27934193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new donor-acceptor small molecules based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) were designed and synthesized. Small molecules 4,4'-[(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(2,2'-bithiophene)-5,5'-diyl]bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (BDT-TT-BT) and 4,4'-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis[7-(2,2'-bithiophene-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (BDT-BT-TT) are structural isomers with the 2,2-bithiophene unit placed either between the BDT and BT units or at the end of the BT units. This work is targeted toward finding the effect of structural variation on optoelectronic properties, morphology, and photovoltaic performance. On the basis of theoretical calculations, the molecular geometry and energy levels are different for these two molecules when the position of the 2,2-bithiophene unit is changed. Optical and electrochemical properties of these two small molecules were characterized using UV-vis and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that BDT-BT-TT has broader absorption and an elevated HOMO energy level when compared with those of BDT-TT-BT. The performance of these two isomers in solar cell devices was tested by blending with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Power conversion efficiencies as high as 3.22 and 3.71% were obtained in conventional solar cell structures for BDT-TT-BT and BDT-BT-TT, respectively. The morphology was studied using grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed different phase separations of these two molecules when blended with PC71BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Andria Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Katherine E Washington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Peishen Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Dushanthi Dissanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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81
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Love JA, Chou SH, Huang Y, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Effects of solvent additive on "s-shaped" curves in solution-processed small molecule solar cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2543-2555. [PMID: 28144323 PMCID: PMC5238578 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel molecular chromophore, p-SIDT(FBTThCA8)2, is introduced as an electron-donor material for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with broad absorption and near ideal energy levels for the use in combination with common acceptor materials. It is found that films cast from chlorobenzene yield devices with strongly s-shaped current-voltage curves, drastically limiting performance. We find that addition of the common solvent additive diiodooctane, in addition to facilitating crystallization, leads to improved vertical phase separation. This yields much better performing devices, with improved curve shape, demonstrating the importance of morphology control in BHJ devices and improving the understanding of the role of solvent additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Love
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States; Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Shu-Hua Chou
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ye Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guilllermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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82
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Jung YS, Yeo JS, Kim NK, Lee S, Kim DY. Selective Morphology Control of Bulk Heterojunction in Polymer Solar Cells Using Binary Processing Additives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30372-30378. [PMID: 27760295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of binary additives on the fabrication of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) system. The combination of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), a high-boiling and selective solvent, for fullerene derivatives and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) precursor, a nonvolatile insulating additive, affords complementary functions on the effective modulation of BHJ morphology. It was found that DIO and PDMS precursor each play different roles in the control of BHJ morphology, and thus, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be further enhanced to 7.6% by improving the fill factor (FF) from 6.8% compared to that achieved using a conventional device employing only a DIO additive. In the BHJ of the active layer, DIO suppressed the large phase separation of PBDTTT-CF and PC71BM while allowing the formation of continuous polymer networks in the donor polymer through phase separation of the PDMS precursor and BHJ components. The appropriate amount of PDMS precursor does not disturb charge transport in the BHJ despite having insulating properties. In addition, the dependence of photovoltaic parameters on different light intensities reveals that the charge recombination in the device with DIO and PDMS precursor decreases compared to that achieved using the device with only DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Sook Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Yeo
- Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Korea
| | - Nam-Koo Kim
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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83
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Li Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Qiu M, Wen S, Bao X, Wang N, Sun M, Yang R. Investigation of Fluorination on Donor Moiety of Donor-Acceptor 4,7-Dithienylbenzothiadiazole-Based Conjugated Polymers toward Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26152-26161. [PMID: 27599386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is known that fluorination on π-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers can significantly affect the optoelectronic properties and fluorination on A moiety has been well established for design of efficient photovoltaic materials. For example, polymers based on 4,7-dithienyl-5,6-difluorobenzothiadiazole (DTffBT) have been intensively investigated and exhibited excellent performance, but the corresponding DTBT-based polymers without fluorine often display an unfavorable efficiency. With the purpose of improving photovoltaic efficiency of DTBT-based D-A polymers, we design three polymers PDTBT-TxfBT (x = 0, 1, 2) with fluorination on D moiety (TxfBT) and systematically investigate fluorination on the photophysical/electrochemical and photovoltaic properties. The results show that polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PDTBT-TBT exhibit moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.84%. However, the bis-fluorination on TffBT moiety (PDTBT-TffBT) can greatly enhance the molecular planarity and intermolecular interaction, improve the charge transport and heterojunction morphology, and further suppress the charge recombination losses. PSCs based on PDTBT-TffBT demonstrate obviously improved photovoltaic efficiency with the best PCE up to 7.53% without any processing additives, which ranks among the top DTBT-based PSCs. However, it should be noted that unsymmetrical fluorination on TfBT moiety (PDTBT-TfBT) impairs the regularity of polymer backbone and intermolecular interaction, increases the recombination losses, and seriously reduces the short-circuit current density and efficiency (5.44%). The results exhibit that fluorination on D moiety is a helpful strategy for design high-performance photovoltaic materials and the regularity of fluorination is crucial to improving efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101, China
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84
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Yin N, Wang L, Lin Y, Yi J, Yan L, Dou J, Yang HB, Zhao X, Ma CQ. Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A-π-D-π-A type oligothiophenes with a 4,8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene core. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1788-1797. [PMID: 27829886 PMCID: PMC5082721 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) is an excellent building block for constructing π-conjugated molecules for the use in organic solar cells. In this paper, four 4,8-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (TBDT)-containing A–π–D–π–A-type small molecules (COOP-nHT-TBDT, n = 1, 2, 3, 4), having 2-cyano-3-octyloxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl (COOP) as terminal group and regioregular oligo(3-hexylthiophene) (nHT) as the π-conjugated bridge unit were synthesized. The optical and electrochemical properties of these compounds were systematically investigated. All these four compounds displayed broad absorption bands over 350–600 nm. The optical band gap becomes narrower (from 1.94 to 1.82 eV) and the HOMO energy levels increased (from −5.68 to −5.34 eV) with the increase of the length of the π-conjugated bridge. Organic solar cells using the synthesized compounds as the electron donor and PC61BM as the electron acceptor were fabricated and tested. Results showed that compounds with longer oligothiophene π-bridges have better power conversion efficiency and higher device stability. The device based on the quaterthiophene-bridged compound 4 gave a highest power conversion efficiency of 5.62% with a VOC of 0.93 V, JSC of 9.60 mA·cm−2, and a FF of 0.63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yin
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China; College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1 Ke Rui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Lilei Wang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, 111 Ren Ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinduo Yi
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Dou
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1 Ke Rui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruo Shui Road, SEID SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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85
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Kaur M, Sharma E, Singh A, Singh P, Singh KN. Experimental and Theoretical Observations on the Intramolecular Nucleophilic Addition of α-Amino Carbanions to Arynes: Synthesis of 1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
| | - Esha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
| | - Paramjit Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
| | - Kamal Nain Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; 160014 Chandigarh India
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86
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Wang JL, Liu KK, Yan J, Wu Z, Liu F, Xiao F, Chang ZF, Wu HB, Cao Y, Russell TP. Series of Multifluorine Substituted Oligomers for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 9% and Fill Factor of 0.77 by Combination Thermal and Solvent Vapor Annealing. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7687-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fei Xiao
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Chang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wu
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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87
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Yao H, Ye L, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang S, Hou J. Molecular Design of Benzodithiophene-Based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7397-457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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88
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Wang Z, Li Z, Liu J, Mei J, Li K, Li Y, Peng Q. Solution-Processable Small Molecules for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Rigidly Fluorinated 2,2'-Bithiophene Central Cores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11639-11648. [PMID: 27097642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules containing an oligothiophene backbone are simple but effective donor materials for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we incorporated rigid 2,2'-bithiophene (BT) or fluorinated 2,2'-bithiophene (FBT) as the central unit and synthesized two novel small molecules (TTH-D3TRh and TTF-D3TRh) with an oligothiophene backbone and 3-ethylrhodanine end groups. Both molecules exhibit good thermal stability as well as strong and broad absorption. The fluorination of the BT central unit made TTF-D3TRh possess a relatively lower-lying HOMO energy level, better molecular stacking, and higher mobility in comparison with those of TTH-D3TRh. Conventional OSCs were fabricated to evaluate the photovoltaic property of these two molecules. Without extra post-treatments, the conventional devices based on TTH-D3TRh and TTF-D3TRh showed high PCEs of 5.00 and 5.80%, respectively. The TTF-D3TRh device exhibited a higher performance, which can be attributed to the improved Voc of 0.92 V, Jsc of 10.04 mA cm(-2), and FF of 62.8%. Using an inverted device structure, the OSCs based on TTH-D3TRh and TTF-D3TRh showed largely elevated PCEs of 5.89 and 7.14%, respectively. The results indicated that the structurally simple TTH-D3TRh and TTF-D3TR molecules are potential donor candidates for achieving highly efficient OSCs. The strategy of fluorination and rigidity designation is an effective approach to develop oligothiophene-based small molecular donors for highly efficient solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zuojia Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu 610207, P. R. China
| | - Jun Mei
- Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center , Chengdu 610207, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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89
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Duan R, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Chen L, Hou J, Wagner M, Baumgarten M, He C, Müllen K. The Importance of End Groups for Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:973-980. [PMID: 27008919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
End groups in small-molecule photovoltaic materials are important owing to their strong influence on molecular stability, solubility, energy levels, and aggregation behaviors. In this work, a series of donor-acceptor pentads (D2 -A-D1 -A-D2 ) were designed and synthesized, aiming to investigate the effect of the end groups on the materials properties and photovoltaic device performance. These molecules share identical central A-D1 -A triads (with benzodithiophene as D1 and 6-carbonyl-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene as A), but with various D2 end groups composed of alkyl-substituted thiophene (T), thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), and 2,2'-bithiophene (BT). The results indicate a relationship between conjugated segment/alkyl chain length of the end groups and the photovoltaic performance, which contributes to the evolving molecular design principles for high efficiency organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Duan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physic and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Long Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physic and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physic and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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90
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Yin X, An Q, Yu J, Guo F, Geng Y, Bian L, Xu Z, Zhou B, Xie L, Zhang F, Tang W. Side-chain Engineering of Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene Core-structured Small Molecules for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25355. [PMID: 27140224 PMCID: PMC4853745 DOI: 10.1038/srep25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three novel small molecules have been developed by side-chain engineering on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene (BDT) core. The typical acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structure is adopted with 4,8-functionalized BDT moieties as core, dioctylterthiophene as π bridge and 3-ethylrhodanine as electron-withdrawing end group. Side-chain engineering on BDT core exhibits small but measurable effect on the optoelectronic properties of small molecules. Theoretical simulation and X-ray diffraction study reveal the subtle tuning of interchain distance between conjugated backbones has large effect on the charge transport and thus the photovoltaic performance of these molecules. Bulk-heterojunction solar cells fabricated with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SM:PC71BM/PFN/Al exhibit a highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.99% after solvent vapor annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiangsheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Fengning Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yongliang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Linyi Bian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhongsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education of China), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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91
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Fujii M, Shin W, Yasuda T, Yamashita K. Photon-absorbing charge-bridging states in organic bulk heterojunctions consisting of diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives and PCBM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9514-23. [PMID: 26984809 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the photo- and electrochemical properties of five diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives both experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental study, we found that a blend of a DPP derivative named D2 and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) exhibits the highest internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and power convergence efficiency (PCE) among the five derivatives investigated. In the theoretical study, we found that the open-circuit voltage can be estimated from the difference between the energy gap of frontier orbitals and the voltage loss and that the latter is suppressed when the IQE is large. Then, to investigate the factors that influence the IQE, investigations on charge recombination, hole transfer, and charge transfer induced by photoabsorption were conducted for the complexes of each DPP derivative and PCBM. It was found that D2/PCBM exhibits the largest charge-bridging upon photoabsorption, which leads to the highest IQE and PCE among the five DPP derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiya Fujii
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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92
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Namespetra AM, Hendsbee AD, Welch GC, Hill IG. Development of simple hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three low-cost propeller-shaped small molecules based on a triphenylamine core and the high-performance donor molecule 7,7′-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (DTS(FBTTh2)2) were investigated as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Each hole-transporting material was designed with highly modular side arms, allowing for different bandgaps and thin-film properties while maintaining a consistent binding energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals to facilitate hole extraction from the perovskite active layer. Perovskite solar cell devices were fabricated with each of the three triphenylamine-based hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 and were compared to devices with 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting layers. Each of our triphenylamine hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 displayed surface morphologies that were considerably rougher than that of spiro-OMeTAD; a factor that may contribute to lower device performance. It was found that using inert, insulating polymers as additives with DTS(FBTTh2)2 reduced the surface roughness, resulting in devices with higher photocurrents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Namespetra
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Arthur D. Hendsbee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ian G. Hill
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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93
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Electronic and photophysical properties of the bend D–T–A–T–D derivatives for small-molecule organic photovoltaic (SM-OPV) solar cells: a DFT and TD-DFT investigation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Pasini M, Vercelli B, Zotti G, Berlin A. Solid-state Effects in the Cyclovoltammetric HOMO-LUMO Determination: The case of Dinitrophenyl-hydrazone α,Ͽ-substituted Oligothiophenes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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95
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Yu L, Li Q, Shi Z, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang B, Dai S, Lin J, Tan Z. Optimization of the Energy Level Alignment between the Photoactive Layer and the Cathode Contact Utilizing Solution-Processed Hafnium Acetylacetonate as Buffer Layer for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:432-441. [PMID: 26684416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The insertion of an appropriate interfacial buffer layer between the photoactive layer and the contact electrodes makes a great impact on the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Ideal interfacial buffer layers could minimize the interfacial traps and the interfacial barriers caused by the incompatibility between the photoactive layer and the electrodes. In this work, we utilized solution-processed hafnium(IV) acetylacetonate (Hf(acac)4) as an effective cathode buffer layer (CBL) in PSCs to optimize the energy level alignment between the photoactive layer and the cathode contact, with the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all simultaneously improved with Hf(acac)4 CBL, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) were performed to confirm that the interfacial dipoles were formed with the same orientation direction as the built-in potential between the photoactive layer and Hf(acac)4 CBL, benefiting the exciton separation and electron transport/extraction. In addition, the optical characteristics and surface morphology of the Hf(acac)4 CBL were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
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96
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Sengupta S, Pandey UK, Athresh EU. Regioisomeric donor–acceptor–donor triads based on benzodithiophene and BODIPY with distinct optical properties and mobilities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16791h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two regioisomeric donor–acceptor–donor triads composed of benzodithiophene and BODIPY exhibit distinct optical and charge transfer properties, and mobilities of ∼10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER)
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Upendra K. Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER)
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Eashwer Umesh Athresh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER)
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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97
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Reddy MA, Kumar CHP, Ashok A, Sharma A, Sharma GD, Chandrasekharam M. Hetero aromatic donors as effective terminal groups for DPP based organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoxazine and carbazole end-capped donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) based small moleculesCSDPP5–CSDPP8have been synthesized. The device withCSDPP6:PC71BM as active layer exhibited a PCE of 4.69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marri Anil Reddy
- Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- I&PC Division
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - CH. Pavan Kumar
- Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- I&PC Division
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Akudari Ashok
- Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- I&PC Division
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
- LNMIIT
- Jaipur
- India
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R & D Center for Science and Engineering
- JEC Group of Colleges
- Jaipur 302028
- India
| | - Malapaka Chandrasekharam
- Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- I&PC Division
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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98
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Wiles AA, Fitzpatrick B, McDonald NA, Westwater MM, Long DL, Ebenhoch B, Rotello VM, Samuel IDW, Cooke G. Synthesis and properties of pteridine-2,4-dione-functionalised oligothiophenes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of symmetrical acceptor-functionalised oligothiophenes is described and their electrochemical and optical properties are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Wiles
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
| | - Brian Fitzpatrick
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
| | - Niall A. McDonald
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
| | - Mary Margaret Westwater
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
| | - De-Liang Long
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
| | - Bernd Ebenhoch
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- Fife KY16 9SS
| | | | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- Fife KY16 9SS
| | - Graeme Cooke
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry (GCPOC)
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
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99
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Venkatesan S, Sun J, Zhang L, Dubey A, Sykes A, Lin TY, Hung YC, Qiao Q, Zhang C. An oligothiophene chromophore with a macrocyclic side chain: synthesis, morphology, charge transport, and photovoltaic performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chromophores tend to form crystals beyond nanometer sizes upon thermal aging. A novel ring-protection structure has shown promise to solve morphological stability problem of solution-processed small molecule solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Ashish Dubey
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Andrew Sykes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Institute of Photonics Technologies
- National Tsing Hua University
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chueh Hung
- Institute of Photonics Technologies
- National Tsing Hua University
- Taiwan
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
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100
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Tang X, Liu X, Shen W, Hu W, He R, Li M. Theoretical investigations of the small molecular acceptor materials based on oligothiophene – naphthalene diimide in organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic transmission paths of NDI-T3DCRD with the centroid distance from core molecule to ambient molecules marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Weixia Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Rongxing He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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