51
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Cooperative transmembrane penetration of nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10525. [PMID: 26013284 PMCID: PMC4444962 DOI: 10.1038/srep10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical penetration of lipid bilayer membranes presents an alternative pathway for cellular delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) besides endocytosis. NPs delivered through this pathway could reach the cytoplasm, thereby opening the possibility of organelle-specific targeting. Herein we perform dissipative particle dynamics simulations to elucidate the transmembrane penetration mechanisms of multiple NPs. Our simulations demonstrate that NPs' translocation proceeds in a cooperative manner, where the interplay of the quantity and surface chemistry of the NPs regulates the translocation efficiency. For NPs with hydrophilic surfaces, the increase of particle quantity facilitates penetration, while for NPs with partly or totally hydrophobic surfaces, the opposite highly possibly holds. Moreover, a set of interesting cooperative ways, such as aggregation, aggregation-dispersion, and aggregation-dispersion-reaggregation of the NPs, are observed during the penetration process. We find that the penetration behaviors of multiple NPs are mostly dominated by the changes of the NP-membrane force components in the membrane plane direction, in addition to that in the penetration direction, suggesting a different interaction mechanism between the multiple NPs and the membrane compared with the one-NP case. These results provide a fundamental understanding in the underlying mechanisms of cooperative penetration of NPs, and shed light on the NP-based drug and gene delivery.
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52
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Lu B, Smith T, Schmidt JJ. Nanoparticle-lipid bilayer interactions studied with lipid bilayer arrays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7858-66. [PMID: 25853986 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread environmental presence and commercial use of nanoparticles have raised significant health concerns as a result of many in vitro and in vivo assays indicating toxicity of a wide range of nanoparticle species. Many of these assays have identified the ability of nanoparticles to damage cell membranes. These interactions can be studied in detail using artificial lipid bilayers, which can provide insight into the nature of the particle-membrane interaction through variation of membrane and solution properties not possible with cell-based assays. However, the scope of these studies can be limited because of the low throughput characteristic of lipid bilayer platforms. We have recently described an easy to use, parallel lipid bilayer platform which we have used to electrically investigate the activity of 60 nm diameter amine and carboxyl modified polystyrene nanoparticles (NH2-NP and COOH-NP) with over 1000 lipid bilayers while varying lipid composition, bilayer charge, ionic strength, pH, voltage, serum, particle concentration, and particle charge. Our results confirm recent studies finding activity of NH2-NP but not COOH-NP. Detailed analysis shows that NH2-NP formed pores 0.3-2.3 nm in radius, dependent on bilayer and solution composition. These interactions appear to be electrostatic, as they are regulated by NH2-NP surface charge, solution ionic strength, and bilayer charge. The ability to rapidly measure a large number of nanoparticle and membrane parameters indicates strong potential of this bilayer array platform for additional nanoparticle bilayer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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53
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Morimoto N, Wazawa T, Inoue Y, Suzuki M. Dynamic transformations of self-assembled polymeric microspheres induced by AC voltage and shear flow. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AC voltage and shear flow are applied to self-assembled, multi-layered polymeric microspheres (MLMs) to control their transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- Department of Materials Processing
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Materials Processing
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
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54
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Beales PA, Ciani B, Cleasby AJ. Nature's lessons in design: nanomachines to scaffold, remodel and shape membrane compartments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15489-507. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the membrane sculpting capabilities of proteins from experimental model systems could be used to construct functional compartmentalised architectures for the engineering of synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Beales
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Barbara Ciani
- Centre for Membrane Interaction and Dynamics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Alexa J. Cleasby
- Centre for Membrane Interaction and Dynamics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
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55
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Kang M, Huang G, Leal C. Role of lipid polymorphism in acoustically sensitive liposomes. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8846-54. [PMID: 25286018 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) triggered drug release is a promising drug delivery method that allows ex vivo modulation of treatment intensity and duration. This method relies on the synergistic interaction between the rupture of sonosensitive particles and enhanced plasma membrane permeability. Conventional liposomal systems where the drug passively diffuses through the membrane show virtually no response to acoustic energy. One method to activate drug transport is to induce a topological restructuring of the lipid membrane (zero intrinsic curvature, H = 0) by puncturing pores (H < 0) through which the drug can readily leak out from the interior of the liposomes. In this work we demonstrate strategies to lower the energy cost of creating such membrane defects by introducing lipid molecules with molecular shapes prone to self-assemble into non-lamellar (negative intrinsic curvature, H < 0) structures. All formulations investigated comprise the relevant components typically required for delivery applications such as stealth moieties, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Small angle X-ray scattering studies of a number of lipid systems at increasing amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) phospholipids reveal that membranes without PE respond to ultrasound by thinning ca. 10 Å, which concomitantly lowers the bending rigidity quadratically in addition to increasing the passive drug permeability. However, at the appropriate PE content the lipid systems display a classic lamellar structure (H = 0) that undergoes a topological transformation after ultrasound exposure into lipid tubes of the reversed type (H < 0) packed in a 2D hexagonal array. At the dilute regime, Fluorescence Microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising DOPE also experience ultrasound induced restructuring that can be modulated by DOPE content. In general, smaller vesicles of diverse shape connect and form into a "pearl-necklace" configuration. We argue that the inclusion of DOPE within the GUV membrane may result in curvature-driven lipid sorting, providing the system with local membrane instabilities that drive vesicle pearling when exposed to ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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56
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Heinrich D, Ecke M, Jasnin M, Engel U, Gerisch G. Reversible membrane pearling in live cells upon destruction of the actin cortex. Biophys J 2014; 106:1079-91. [PMID: 24606932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane pearling in live cells is observed when the plasma membrane is depleted of its support, the cortical actin network. Upon efficient depolymerization of actin, pearls of variable size are formed, which are connected by nanotubes of ~40 nm diameter. We show that formation of the membrane tubes and their transition into chains of pearls do not require external tension, and that they neither depend on microtubule-based molecular motors nor pressure generated by myosin-II. Pearling thus differs from blebbing. The pearling state is stable as long as actin is prevented from polymerizing. When polymerization is restored, the pearls are retracted into the cell, indicating continuity of the membrane. Our data suggest that the alternation of pearls and strings is an energetically favored state of the unsupported plasma membrane, and that one of the functions of the actin cortex is to prevent the membrane from spontaneously assuming this configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Heinrich
- Leiden Institute of Physics, LION, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mary Ecke
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marion Jasnin
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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57
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Li Y, Zhang X, Cao D. A spontaneous penetration mechanism of patterned nanoparticles across a biomembrane. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6844-6856. [PMID: 25082334 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have shown the ability of tailoring the nanoparticle (NP)-cell interaction via the engineering of NP surfaces. Although the considerable progress has been made in design of patterned NPs for drug delivery, the effect of surface pattern on the NP-cell interaction is not fully understood yet. In this work, we used a dissipative particle dynamics method to systematically investigate the effects of NP surface pattern on its penetration across a membrane. For stripy NPs or patchy NPs having a large stripe width or patch size, an "insertion-rotation" penetration mechanism is found. Results indicate that stripy NPs and patchy NPs coated with narrow stripes or small patches can directly penetrate the cell membrane with a less constrained rotation. By considering the spontaneous penetration of many NPs into a vesicle, we found that NP aggregation would lead to the shape change of the vesicle, and therefore cause the leakage of encapsulated solvent or membrane rupture, implying the possible cytotoxicity. In short, this work gives a fundamental understanding for the penetration mechanism of the ligand patterned NPs, which provides useful reference for the design of NPs for controllable cell penetrability and targeted delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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58
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Montis C, Maiolo D, Alessandri I, Bergese P, Berti D. Interaction of nanoparticles with lipid membranes: a multiscale perspective. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6452-7. [PMID: 24807475 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding lipid bilayers were challenged with 15 nm Au nanospheres either coated by a citrate layer or passivated by a protein corona. The effect of Au nanospheres on the bilayer morphology, permeability and fluidity presents strong differences or similarities, depending on the observation length scale, from the colloidal to the molecular domains. These findings suggest that the interaction between nanoparticles and lipid membranes should be conveniently treated as a multiscale phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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59
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Shi Z, Baumgart T. Dynamics and instabilities of lipid bilayer membrane shapes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:76-88. [PMID: 24529968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes undergo constant shape remodeling involving the formation of highly curved structures. The lipid bilayer represents the fundamental architecture of the cellular membrane with its shapes determined by the Helfrich curvature bending energy. However, the dynamics of bilayer shape transitions, especially their modulation by membrane proteins, and the resulting shape instabilities, are still not well understood. Here, we review in a unifying manner several theories that describe the fluctuations (i.e. undulations) of bilayer shapes as well as their local coupling with lipid or protein density variation. The coupling between local membrane curvature and lipid density gives rise to a 'slipping mode' in addition to the conventional 'bending mode' for damping the membrane fluctuation. This leads to a number of interesting experimental phenomena regarding bilayer shape dynamics. More importantly, curvature-inducing proteins can couple with membrane shape and eventually render the membrane unstable. A criterion for membrane shape instability is derived from a linear stability analysis. The instability criterion reemphasizes the importance of membrane tension in regulating the stability and dynamics of membrane geometry. Recent progresses in understanding the role of membrane tension in regulating dynamical cellular processes are also reviewed. Protein density is emphasized as a key factor in regulating membrane shape transitions: a threshold density of curvature coupling proteins is required for inducing membrane morphology transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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60
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Wang L, Huang H, He T. Rayleigh Instability Induced Cylinder-to-Sphere Transition in Block Copolymer Micelles: Direct Visualization of the Kinetic Pathway. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:433-438. [PMID: 35590777 DOI: 10.1021/mz500158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct visualization of morphological evolution remains extremely challenging despite its critical importance to understand the basic fundamentals behind the transition. Here we report on the detailed observation of a spontaneous cylinder-to-sphere morphological transformation of amphiphilic poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P2VP-b-PEO) diblock copolymer micelles in aqueous solution, which first provides experimental evidence that the fragmentation pathway is driven by Rayleigh instability showing the distinctive signatures during the transition. Owing to the instability of cylindrical micelles and the fluidity of micellar cores, our results show that the cylindrical micelles spontaneously undulate and transform into spherical micelles through distinct intermediate states, including undulated cylinders and pearl-necklace-like micelles with a perfect sinusoidal wave throughout the length. Moreover, the present system with transitional morphology is proved to be able to act as a model to encapsulate hydrophobic guests in the micellar cores, which displays a relatively sustained release behavior. The specific kinetic pathway provides new insight into the mechanism of block copolymer micellar morphological transition; meanwhile, the dynamic system might serve as a promising candidate for unique nanostructure design as well as contribute to the transition-coupled guest delivery and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
| | - Tianbai He
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, P. R. China
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61
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Drašler B, Drobne D, Novak S, Valant J, Boljte S, Otrin L, Rappolt M, Sartori B, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Šuštar V, Makovec D, Gyergyek S, Hočevar M, Godec M, Zupanc J. Effects of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on biological and artificial lipid membranes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1559-81. [PMID: 24741305 PMCID: PMC3970951 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this work is to provide experimental evidence on the interactions of suspended nanoparticles with artificial or biological membranes and to assess the possibility of suspended nanoparticles interacting with the lipid component of biological membranes. Methods 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid vesicles and human red blood cells were incubated in suspensions of magnetic bare cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or citric acid (CA)-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and glucose solution. The stability of POPC giant unilamellar vesicles after incubation in the tested nanoparticle suspensions was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy and analyzed with computer-aided imaging. Structural changes in the POPC multilamellar vesicles were assessed by small angle X-ray scattering, and the shape transformation of red blood cells after incubation in tested suspensions of nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy and sedimentation, agglutination, and hemolysis assays. Results Artificial lipid membranes were disturbed more by CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions than by bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions. CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4-CA nanoparticles caused more significant shape transformation in red blood cells than bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Conclusion Consistent with their smaller sized agglomerates, CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrate more pronounced effects on artificial and biological membranes. Larger agglomerates of nanoparticles were confirmed to be reactive against lipid membranes and thus not acceptable for use with red blood cells. This finding is significant with respect to the efficient and safe application of nanoparticles as medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Valant
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute of Microbial Sciences and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lado Otrin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy ; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Godec
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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62
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Yue T, Zhang X, Huang F. Molecular modeling of membrane tube pearling and the effect of nanoparticle adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10799-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DPD simulations suggest that the membrane tube pearling can be regulated by the inner water pressure and NP adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao, China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao, China
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63
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Linear aggregation of proteins on the membrane as a prelude to membrane remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20396-401. [PMID: 24284177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309819110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion and insertion of curvature-mediating proteins can induce dramatic structural changes in cell membranes, allowing them to participate in several key cellular tasks. The way proteins interact to generate curvature remains largely unclear, especially at early stages of membrane remodeling. Using a coarse-grained model of Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs domain with an N-terminal helix (N-BAR) interacting with flat membranes and vesicles, we demonstrate that at low protein surface densities, binding of N-BAR domain proteins to the membrane is followed by a linear aggregation and the formation of meshes on the surface. In this process, the proteins assemble at the base of emerging membrane buds. Our work shows that beyond a more straightforward scaffolding mechanism at high bound densities, the interplay of anisotropic interactions and the local stress imposed by the N-BAR proteins results in deep invaginations and endocytic vesicular bud-like deformations, an order of magnitude larger than the size of the individual protein. Our results imply that by virtue of this mechanism, cell membranes may achieve rapid local increases in protein concentration.
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64
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Sanborn J, Oglecka K, Kraut RS, Parikh AN. Transient pearling and vesiculation of membrane tubes under osmotic gradients. Faraday Discuss 2013; 161:167-76; discussion 273-303. [PMID: 23805742 DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20116j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation of osmotically induced transient pearling instabilities in vesicular membranes. Giant phospholipid vesicles subjected to negative osmotic gradient, which drives the influx of water in to the vesicular interior, produces transient cylindrical protrusions. These protrusions exhibit a remarkable pearling intermediate, which facilitates their subsequent retraction. The pearling front propagates from the distal free end of the protrusion toward the vesicular source and accompanies gradual shortening of the protrusion via pearl-pearl coalescence. Real-time introduction of a positive osmotic gradient, on the other hand, drives vigorous shape fluctuations, which in turn produce cylindrical, prolate- and pear-shaped intermediates presumably due to an increased vesicular area relative to the encapsulated volume. These intermediates transiently produce a pearled state prior to their fission. In both cases, the transient pearling state gives rise to an array of stable spherical daughter vesicles, which may be connected to one another by fine tethers not resolved in our experiments. These results may have implications for self-reproduction in primitive, protein-free, cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sanborn
- Applied Science Graduate Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 3001 Ghausi Hall, Davis, USA
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65
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Ogunyankin MO, Longo ML. Metastability in pixelation patterns of coexisting fluid lipid bilayer phases imposed by e-beam patterned substrates. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:2037-2046. [PMID: 23483871 PMCID: PMC3592984 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm27027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamic evolution of pixilation patterns of the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase in coexistence with the liquid-disordered phase in lipid multibilayers. The pixilation patterns were formed by imposing lattice patterns of localized high curvature on phase-separating multibilayers using curvature-patterned regions of an underlying support. The projected radius of underlying hemisphere-like features, that provided the local curvature, was varied from 60 nm to 100 nm and the square lattice spacing between the features was varied between 200 nm and 400 nm using standard electron (e) -beam lithography. Over time, the area fraction of the Lo phase on the patterned regions of the substrate decreased toward zero at room temperature. This apparent metastability of the pattern derives from the high line energy of a pixelation pattern where a Boltzmann distribution shows near zero equilibrium partitioning of the Lo phase in the patterned regions. Kinetic rate analysis identifies two pattern-dependent mechanisms that dominate the transition to zero Lo area fraction; diffusion limited dissolution of the Lo phase driven by an Ostwald ripening-type process or the cooperative formation of vesicles containing Lo phase lipids. Interestingly, we observed the spontaneous formation of tubules in the corners of the array due to the high local curvature applied to the membrane. Furthermore we show that it is possible to regenerate pixilation patterns on the curvature-patterned regions by cooling below room temperature. Regenerated area fractions are in agreement with a room-temperature composition of primarily Ld phase and the high degree of overlap with the original patterns is suggestive of fixed nucleation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O. Ogunyankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields avenue, Davis CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marjorie L. Longo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields avenue, Davis CA, 95616, USA
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66
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Abstract
The peptidoglycan wall is a defining feature of bacterial cells and was probably already present in their last common ancestor. L-forms are bacterial variants that lack a cell wall and divide by a variety of processes involving membrane blebbing, tubulation, vesiculation and fission. Their unusual mode of proliferation provides a model for primitive cells and is reminiscent of recently developed in vitro vesicle reproduction processes. Invention of the cell wall may have underpinned the explosion of bacterial life on the Earth. Later innovations in cell envelope structure, particularly the emergence of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, possibly in an early endospore former, seem to have spurned further major evolutionary radiations. Comparative studies of bacterial cell envelope structure may help to resolve the early key steps in evolutionary development of the bacterial domain of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Errington
- The Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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67
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Sun YQ, Deng S, Liu Q, Ge SZ, Chen YP. A green luminescent 1-D helical tubular dipyrazol-bridged cadmium(ii) complex: a coordination tube included in a supramolecular tube. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10503-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50620g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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68
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Churchman AH, Wallace R, Milne SJ, Brown AP, Brydson R, Beales PA. Serum albumin enhances the membrane activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4172-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Šarić A, Cacciuto A. Mechanism of membrane tube formation induced by adhesive nanocomponents. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:188101. [PMID: 23215334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.188101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report numerical simulations of membrane tubulation driven by large colloidal particles. Using Monte Carlo simulations we study how the process depends on particle size and binding strength, and present accurate free energy calculations to sort out how tube formation compares with the competing budding process. We find that tube formation is a result of the collective behavior of the particles adhering on the surface, and it occurs for binding strengths that are smaller than those required for budding. We also find that long linear aggregates of particles forming on the membrane surface act as nucleation seeds for tubulation by lowering the free energy barrier associated to the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Šarić
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC 3123, New York, NY 10027, USA
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70
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Briers Y, Walde P, Schuppler M, Loessner MJ. How did bacterial ancestors reproduce? Lessons from L-form cells and giant lipid vesicles. Bioessays 2012; 34:1078-84. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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71
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Hamada T, Morita M, Miyakawa M, Sugimoto R, Hatanaka A, Vestergaard MC, Takagi M. Size-Dependent Partitioning of Nano/Microparticles Mediated by Membrane Lateral Heterogeneity. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13990-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301264v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Makiyo Miyakawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sugimoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ai Hatanaka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mun’delanji C. Vestergaard
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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72
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Photochemically driven redox chemistry induces protocell membrane pearling and division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9828-32. [PMID: 22665773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the evolution of complex biochemical machinery, the growth and division of simple primitive cells (protocells) must have been driven by environmental factors. We have previously demonstrated two pathways for fatty acid vesicle growth in which initially spherical vesicles grow into long filamentous vesicles; division is then mediated by fluid shear forces. Here we describe a different pathway for division that is independent of external mechanical forces. We show that the illumination of filamentous fatty acid vesicles containing either a fluorescent dye in the encapsulated aqueous phase, or hydroxypyrene in the membrane, rapidly induces pearling and subsequent division in the presence of thiols. The mechanism of this photochemically driven pathway most likely involves the generation of reactive oxygen species, which oxidize thiols to disulfide-containing compounds that associate with fatty acid membranes, inducing a change in surface tension and causing pearling and subsequent division. This vesicle division pathway provides an alternative route for the emergence of early self-replicating cell-like structures, particularly in thiol-rich surface environments where UV-absorbing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could have facilitated protocell division. The subsequent evolution of cellular metabolic processes controlling the thiol:disulfide redox state would have enabled autonomous cellular control of the timing of cell division, a major step in the origin of cellular life.
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73
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Oglęcka K, Sanborn J, Parikh AN, Kraut RS. Osmotic gradients induce bio-reminiscent morphological transformations in giant unilamellar vesicles. Front Physiol 2012; 3:120. [PMID: 22586404 PMCID: PMC3343378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report observations of large-scale, in-plane and out-of-plane membrane deformations in giant uni- and multilamellar vesicles composed of binary and ternary lipid mixtures in the presence of net transvesicular osmotic gradients. The lipid mixtures we examined consisted of binary mixtures of DOPC and DPPC lipids and ternary mixtures comprising POPC, sphingomyelin and cholesterol over a range of compositions – both of which produce co-existing phases for selected ranges of compositions at room temperature under thermodynamic equilibrium. In the presence of net osmotic gradients, we find that the in-plane phase separation potential of these mixtures is non-trivially altered and a variety of out-of-plane morphological remodeling events occur. The repertoire of membrane deformations we observe display striking resemblance to their biological counterparts in live cells encompassing vesiculation, membrane fission and fusion, tubulation and pearling, as well as expulsion of entrapped vesicles from multicompartmental giant unilamellar vesicles through large, self-healing transient pores. These observations suggest that the forces introduced by simple osmotic gradients across membrane boundaries could act as a trigger for shape-dependent membrane and vesicle trafficking activities. We speculate that such coupling of osmotic gradients with membrane properties might have provided lipid-mediated mechanisms to compensate for osmotic stress during the early evolution of membrane compartmentalization in the absence of osmoregulatory protein machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Oglęcka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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74
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Andes-Koback M, Keating CD. Complete budding and asymmetric division of primitive model cells to produce daughter vesicles with different interior and membrane compositions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9545-55. [PMID: 21591721 PMCID: PMC3115689 DOI: 10.1021/ja202406v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is common in biology and plays critical roles in differentiation and development. Unicellular organisms are often used as model systems for understanding the origins and consequences of asymmetry during cell division. Although basic as compared to mammalian cells, these are already quite complex. We report complete budding and asymmetric fission of very simple nonliving model cells to produce daughter vesicles that are chemically distinct in both interior and membrane compositions. Our model cells are based on giant lipid vesicles (GVs, 10-30 μm) encapsulating a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/dextran aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as a crowded and compartmentalized cytoplasm mimic. Ternary lipid compositions were used to provide coexisting micrometer-scale liquid disordered (L(d)) and liquid ordered (L(o)) domains in the membranes. ATPS-containing vesicles formed buds when sucrose was added externally to provide increased osmotic pressure, such that they became not only morphologically asymmetric but also asymmetric in both their interior and their membrane compositions. Further increases in osmolality drove formation of two chemically distinct daughter vesicles, which were in some cases connected by a lipid nanotube (complete budding), and in others were not (fission). In all cases, separation occurred at the aqueous-aqueous phase boundary, such that one daughter vesicle contained the PEG-rich aqueous phase and the other contained the dextran-rich aqueous phase. PEGylated lipids localized in the L(o) domain resulted in this membrane domain preferentially coating the PEG-rich bud prior to division, and subsequently the PEG-rich daughter vesicle. Varying the mole ratio of lipids resulted in excess surface area of L(o) or L(d) membrane domains such that, upon division, this excess portion was inherited by one of the daughter vesicles. In some cases, a second "generation" of aqueous phase separation and budding could be induced in these daughter vesicles. Asymmetric fission of a simple self-assembled model cell, with production of daughter vesicles that harbored different protein concentrations and lipid compositions, is an example of the seemingly complex behavior possible for simple molecular assemblies. These compartmentalized and asymmetrically dividing ATPS-containing GVs could serve as a test bed for investigating possible roles for spatial and organizational cues in asymmetric cell division and inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Andes-Koback
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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75
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Zasadzinski JA, Wong B, Forbes N, Braun G, Wu G. Novel Methods of Enhanced Retention in and Rapid, Targeted Release from Liposomes. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 16:203-214. [PMID: 21603081 PMCID: PMC3097476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are single bilayer capsules with distinct interior compartments in which hydrophilic drugs, imaging agents, diagnostics, etc. can be sequestered from the exterior environment. The polar parts of the individual lipids face the water compartments, while the hydrophobic parts of the lipid provide a barrier in which hydrophilic or charged molecules are poorly soluble. Hydrophobic molecules can be dissolved within the bilayer. The bilayers are typically from 3 - 6 nm thick and the liposome can range from about 50 nm - 50 microns in diameter. The question asked in this review is if any one bilayer, regardless of its composition, can provide the extended drug retention, long lifetime in the circulation, active targeting to specific tissues and rapid and controllable drug release at the site of interest. As an alternative, we review methods of self-assembling multicompartment lipid structures that provide enhanced drug retention in physiological environments. We also review methods of externally targeting and triggering drug release via the near infrared heating of gold nanoshells attached to or encapsulated within bilayer vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Natalie Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Gary Braun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Guohui Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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76
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Zupanc J, Dobnikar A, Drobne D, Valant J, Erdogmus D, Bas E. Biological reactivity of nanoparticles: mosaics from optical microscopy videos of giant lipid vesicles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:026003. [PMID: 21361687 DOI: 10.1117/1.3533319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging fields such as nanomedicine and nanotoxicology, demand new information on the effects of nanoparticles on biological membranes and lipid vesicles are suitable as an experimental model for bio-nano interaction studies. This paper describes image processing algorithms which stitch video sequences into mosaics and recording the shapes of thousands of lipid vesicles, which were used to assess the effect of CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles on the population of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine lipid vesicles. The applicability of this methodology for assessing the potential of engineered nanoparticles to affect morphological properties of lipid membranes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Trzaska 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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77
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Pàmies JC, Cacciuto A. Reshaping elastic nanotubes via self-assembly of surface-adhesive nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:045702. [PMID: 21405335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.045702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Elastic sheets with macroscopic dimensions are easy to deform by bending and stretching. Yet shaping nanometric sheets by mechanical manipulation is hard. Here we show that nanoparticle self-assembly could be used to this end. We demonstrate that spherical nanoparticles adhering to the outer surface of an elastic nanotube can self-assemble into linear structures: rings or helices on stretchable nanotubes, and axial strings on nanotubes with high rigidity to stretching. These self-assembled structures are inextricably linked to a variety of deformed nanotube profiles, which can be controlled by tuning the concentration of nanoparticles, the nanoparticle-nanotube diameter ratio and the elastic properties of the nanotube. Our results open the possibility of designing nanoparticle-laden tubular nanostructures with tailored shapes, for potential applications in materials science and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep C Pàmies
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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78
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Góźdź WT. Shape transformation of lipid vesicles induced by diffusing macromolecules. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3530069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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