51
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Walensky LD, Bird GH. Hydrocarbon-stapled peptides: principles, practice, and progress. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6275-88. [PMID: 24601557 PMCID: PMC4136684 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein structure underlies essential
biological processes and
provides a blueprint for molecular mimicry that drives drug discovery.
Although small molecules represent the lion’s share of agents
that target proteins for therapeutic benefit, there remains no substitute
for the natural properties of proteins and their peptide subunits
in the majority of biological contexts. The peptide α-helix
represents a common structural motif that mediates communication between
signaling proteins. Because peptides can lose their shape when taken
out of context, developing chemical interventions to stabilize their
bioactive structure remains an active area of research. The all-hydrocarbon
staple has emerged as one such solution, conferring α-helical
structure, protease resistance, cellular penetrance, and biological
activity upon successful incorporation of a series of design and application
principles. Here, we describe our more than decade-long experience
in developing stapled peptides as biomedical research tools and prototype
therapeutics, highlighting lessons learned, pitfalls to avoid, and
keys to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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52
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Zou Y, Spokoyny AM, Zhang C, Simon MD, Yu H, Lin YS, Pentelute BL. Convergent diversity-oriented side-chain macrocyclization scan for unprotected polypeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:566-73. [PMID: 24310320 PMCID: PMC3935340 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a general synthetic platform for side-chain macrocyclization of an unprotected peptide library based on the SNAr reaction between cysteine thiolates and a new generation of highly reactive perfluoroaromatic small molecule linkers. This strategy enabled us to simultaneously "scan" two cysteine residues positioned from i, i + 1 to i, i + 14 sites in a polypeptide, producing 98 macrocyclic products from reactions of 14 peptides with 7 linkers. A complementary reverse strategy was developed; cysteine residues within the polypeptide were first modified with non-bridging perfluoroaryl moieties and then commercially available dithiol linkers were used for macrocyclization. The highly convergent, site-independent, and modular nature of these two strategies coupled with the unique chemoselectivity of a SNAr transformation allows for the rapid diversity-oriented synthesis of hybrid macrocyclic peptide libraries with varied chemical and structural complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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53
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Bang EK, Ward S, Gasparini G, Sakai N, Matile S. Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: focus on substrate-initiated co-polymerization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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54
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Rzuczek SG, Gao Y, Tang ZZ, Thornton CA, Kodadek T, Disney MD. Features of modularly assembled compounds that impart bioactivity against an RNA target. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2312-21. [PMID: 24032410 DOI: 10.1021/cb400265y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomes provide a myriad of potential RNAs that could be the targets of therapeutics or chemical genetic probes of function. Cell-permeable small molecules, however, generally do not exploit these targets, owing to the difficulty in the design of high affinity, specific small molecules targeting RNA. As part of a general program to study RNA function using small molecules, we designed bioactive, modularly assembled small molecules that target the noncoding expanded RNA repeat that causes myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), r(CUG)(exp). Herein, we present a rigorous study to elucidate features in modularly assembled compounds that afford bioactivity. Different modular assembly scaffolds were investigated, including polyamines, α-peptides, β-peptides, and peptide tertiary amides (PTAs). On the basis of activity as assessed by improvement of DM1-associated defects, stability against proteases, cellular permeability, and toxicity, we discovered that constrained backbones, namely, PTAs, are optimal. Notably, we determined that r(CUG)(exp) is the target of the optimal PTA in cellular models and that the optimal PTA improves DM1-associated defects in a mouse model. Biophysical analyses were employed to investigate potential sources of bioactivity. These investigations show that modularly assembled compounds have increased residence times on their targets and faster on rates than the RNA-binding modules from which they were derived. Moreover, they have faster on rates than the protein that binds r(CUG)(exp), the inactivation of which gives rise to DM1-associated defects. These studies provide information about features of small molecules that are programmable for targeting RNA, allowing for the facile optimization of therapeutics or chemical probes against other cellular RNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G. Rzuczek
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130
Scripps Way #3A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130
Scripps Way #3A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Zhen-Zhi Tang
- Department
of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Charles A. Thornton
- Department
of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130
Scripps Way #3A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D. Disney
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130
Scripps Way #3A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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55
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Nomura W, Aikawa H, Ohashi N, Urano E, Métifiot M, Fujino M, Maddali K, Ozaki T, Nozue A, Narumi T, Hashimoto C, Tanaka T, Pommier Y, Yamamoto N, Komano JA, Murakami T, Tamamura H. Cell-permeable stapled peptides based on HIV-1 integrase inhibitors derived from HIV-1 gene products. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2235-44. [PMID: 23898787 DOI: 10.1021/cb400495h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an enzyme which is indispensable for the stable infection of host cells because it catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA into the genome and thus is an attractive target for the development of anti-HIV agents. Earlier, we found Vpr-derived peptides with inhibitory activity against HIV-1 IN. These Vpr-derived peptides are originally located in an α-helical region of the parent Vpr protein. Addition of an octa-arginyl group to the inhibitory peptides caused significant inhibition against HIV replication associated with an increase in cell permeability but also relatively high cytotoxicity. In the current study, stapled peptides, a new class of stabilized α-helical peptidomimetics were adopted to enhance the cell permeability of the above lead peptides. A series of stapled peptides, which have a hydrocarbon link formed by a ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis reaction between successive turns of α-helix, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activity. In cell-based assays some of the stapled peptides showed potent anti-HIV activity comparable with that of the original octa-arginine-containing peptide (2) but with lower cytotoxicity. Fluorescent imaging experiments revealed that these stapled peptides are significantly cell permeable, and CD analysis showed they form α-helical structures, whereas the unstapled congeners form β-sheet structures. The application of this stapling strategy to Vpr-derived IN inhibitory peptides led to a remarkable increase in their potency in cells and a significant reduction of their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Haruo Aikawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Emiko Urano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640,
Japan
| | - Mathieu Métifiot
- Laboratory of Molecular
Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640,
Japan
| | - Kasthuraiah Maddali
- Laboratory of Molecular
Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Ami Nozue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular
Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jun A. Komano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640,
Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69
Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640,
Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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56
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Mignani S, El Kazzouli S, Bousmina MM, Majoral JP. Dendrimer Space Exploration: An Assessment of Dendrimers/Dendritic Scaffolding as Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions, a Potential New Area of Pharmaceutical Development. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1327-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400362r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de
Biochimie Pharmacologiques
et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi harazem, Fès, Morocco
| | - Mosto M. Bousmina
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fez, Fès-Shore, Route de Sidi harazem, Fès, Morocco
- Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Avenue Mohammed
VI, 10222 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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57
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Kudryavtsev KV, Ivantcova PM, Churakov AV, Wiedmann S, Luy B, Muhle-Goll C, Zefirov NS, Bräse S. Alternierende asymmetrische Selbstinduktion in funktionalisierten Pyrrolidin-Oligomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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58
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Kudryavtsev KV, Ivantcova PM, Churakov AV, Wiedmann S, Luy B, Muhle-Goll C, Zefirov NS, Bräse S. Alternating Asymmetric Self-Induction in Functionalized Pyrrolidine Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12736-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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59
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Denton EV, Craig CJ, Pongratz RL, Appelbaum JS, Doerner AE, Narayanan A, Shulman GI, Cline GW, Schepartz A. A β-peptide agonist of the GLP-1 receptor, a class B GPCR. Org Lett 2013; 15:5318-21. [PMID: 24087900 DOI: 10.1021/ol402568j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that certain β(3)-peptides can effectively mimic the side chain display of an α-helix and inhibit interactions between proteins, both in vitro and in cultured cells. Here we describe a β(3)-peptide analog of GLP-1, CC-3(Act), that interacts with the GLP-1R extracellular domain (nGLP-1R) in vitro in a manner that competes with exendin-4 and induces GLP-1R-dependent cAMP signaling in cultured CHO-K1 cells expressing GLP-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Denton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States, Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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60
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Yeo DJ, Warriner SL, Wilson AJ. Monosubstituted alkenyl amino acids for peptide "stapling". Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9131-3. [PMID: 24005767 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkenylglycine amino acids were assessed as potential candidates for hydrocarbon stapling and shown to be effective in stapling of the BID BH3 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Yeo
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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61
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Verma S, Singh A, Mishra A. Quercetin and taxifolin completely break MDM2–p53 association: molecular dynamics simulation study. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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62
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Prabhakaran P, Barnard A, Murphy NS, Kilner CA, Edwards TA, Wilson AJ. Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers with a “Wet Edge” as Inhibitors of the α-Helix-Mediated p53-hDM2 Protein-Protein Interaction. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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63
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Spokoyny AM, Zou Y, Ling JJ, Yu H, Lin YS, Pentelute BL. A perfluoroaryl-cysteine S(N)Ar chemistry approach to unprotected peptide stapling. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5946-9. [PMID: 23560559 PMCID: PMC3675880 DOI: 10.1021/ja400119t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a facile transformation between perfluoroaromatic molecules and a cysteine thiolate, which is arylated at room temperature. This new approach enabled us to selectively modify cysteine residues in unprotected peptides, providing access to variants containing rigid perfluoroaromatic staples. This stapling modification performed on a peptide sequence designed to bind the C-terminal domain of an HIV-1 capsid assembly polyprotein (C-CA) showed enhancement in binding, cell permeability, and proteolytic stability properties, as compared to the unstapled analog. Importantly, chemical stability of the formed staples allowed us to use this motif in the native chemical ligation-mediated synthesis of a small protein affibody that is capable of binding the human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Yekui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jingjing J. Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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64
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Szolnoki É, Hetényi A, Mándity IM, Fülöp F, Martinek TA. Foldameric β-H18/20PMixed Helix Stabilized by Head-to-Tail Contacts: A Way to Higher-Order Structures. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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65
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Niu J, Hili R, Liu DR. Enzyme-free translation of DNA into sequence-defined synthetic polymers structurally unrelated to nucleic acids. Nat Chem 2013; 5:282-92. [PMID: 23511416 PMCID: PMC4277153 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The translation of DNA sequences into corresponding biopolymers enables the production, function, and evolution of the macromolecules of life. In contrast, methods to generate sequence-defined synthetic polymers with similar levels of control have remained elusive. Here we report the development of a DNA-templated translation system that enables the enzyme-free translation of DNA templates into sequence-defined synthetic polymers that have no necessary structural relationship with nucleic acids. We demonstrate the efficiency, sequence-specificity, and generality of this translation system by oligomerizing building blocks including polyethylene glycol (PEG), α-(d)-peptides, and β-peptides in a DNA-programmed manner. Sequence-defined synthetic polymers with molecular weights of 26 kDa containing 16 consecutively coupled building blocks and 90 densely functionalized β-amino acid residues were translated from DNA templates using this strategy. We integrated the DNA-templated translation system developed here into a complete cycle of translation, coding sequence replication, template regeneration, and re-translation suitable for the iterated in vitro selection of functional sequence-defined synthetic polymers unrelated in structure to nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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66
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Verma S, Singh A, Mishra A. Molecular Dynamics Investigation on the Inhibition of MDM2-p53 Interaction by Polyphenols. Mol Inform 2013; 32:203-12. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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67
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Tashiro S, Matsuoka K, Minoda A, Shionoya M. Metallo-foldamers with backbone-coordinative oxime peptides: control of secondary structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13123-7. [PMID: 23154930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metal-mediated secondary structures of peptide-based foldamers were constructed using artificial backbone-coordinative oxime peptides. Complexation of the peptides with Pd(II) afforded several mononuclear and dinuclear secondary structures such as helices and hairpins as confirmed by single-crystal XRD and NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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68
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Metallo-Foldamers with Backbone-Coordinative Oxime Peptides: Control of Secondary Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Long K, Edwards TA, Wilson AJ. Microwave assisted solid phase synthesis of highly functionalized N-alkylated oligobenzamide α-helix mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:4034-40. [PMID: 23117175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate cellular pathways and are implicated in numerous aberrant conditions. α-Helix mimetics-small molecules that reproduce the spatial projection of key residues from an α-helix involved in a PPI-are attractive generic templates for development of screening libraries, however library syntheses of α-helix mimetics with diverse functionality are less established. This manuscript describes the automated, microwave assisted solid phase synthesis based on one such scaffold; an N-alkylated oligobenzamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kérya Long
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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70
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Ramesh VV, Puranik VG, Sanjayan GJ. Carbohydrate-derived conformationally restricted bicyclic dipeptides as potential hetero foldamer building blocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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71
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Fülöp L, Mándity IM, Juhász G, Szegedi V, Hetényi A, Wéber E, Bozsó Z, Simon D, Benkő M, Király Z, Martinek TA. A foldamer-dendrimer conjugate neutralizes synaptotoxic β-amyloid oligomers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39485. [PMID: 22859942 PMCID: PMC3408453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unnatural self-organizing biomimetic polymers (foldamers) emerged as promising materials for biomolecule recognition and inhibition. Our goal was to construct multivalent foldamer-dendrimer conjugates which wrap the synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers with high affinity through their helical foldamer tentacles. Oligomeric Aβ species play pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease, therefore recognition and direct inhibition of this undruggable target is a great current challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS Short helical β-peptide foldamers with designed secondary structures and side chain chemistry patterns were applied as potential recognition segments and their binding to the target was tested with NMR methods (saturation transfer difference and transferred-nuclear Overhauser effect). Helices exhibiting binding in the µM region were coupled to a tetravalent G0-PAMAM dendrimer. In vitro biophysical (isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography) and biochemical tests (ELISA and dot blot) indicated the tight binding between the foldamer conjugates and the Aβ oligomers. Moreover, a selective low nM interaction with the low molecular weight fraction of the Aβ oligomers was found. Ex vivo electrophysiological experiments revealed that the new material rescues the long-term potentiation from the toxic Aβ oligomers in mouse hippocampal slices at submicromolar concentration. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the foldamer methodology, the fragment-based approach and the multivalent design offers a pathway to unnatural protein mimetics that are capable of specific molecular recognition, and has already resulted in an inhibitor for an extremely difficult target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szegedi
- Bay Zoltán Foundation for Applied Research – BAYGEN, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Wéber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Simon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Király
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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72
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Azzarito V, Prabhakaran P, Bartlett AI, Murphy NS, Hardie MJ, Kilner CA, Edwards TA, Warriner SL, Wilson AJ. 2-O-alkylated para-benzamide α-helix mimetics: the role of scaffold curvature. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6469-72. [PMID: 22785578 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new 2-O-alklyated benzamide α-helix mimetic is described. Comparison with regioisomeric 3-O-alkylated benzamides permits a preliminary evaluation of the role that mimetic curvature has in determining molecular recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Azzarito
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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73
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Abstract
Oligomers composed of β(3)-amino acid residues and a mixture of α- and β(3)-residues have emerged as proteolytically stable structural mimics of α-helices. An attractive feature of these oligomers is that they adopt defined conformations in short sequences. In this manuscript, we evaluate the impact of β(3)-residues as compared to their α-amino acid analogs in prenucleated helices. Our hydrogen-deuterium exchange results suggest that heterogeneous sequences composed of "αααβ" repeats are conformationally more rigid than the corresponding homogeneous α-peptide helices, with the macrocycle templating the helical conformation having a significant influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Patgiri
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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74
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2010. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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75
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Langlois C, Del Gatto A, Arseneault G, Lafrance-Vanasse J, De Simone M, Morse T, de Paola I, Lussier-Price M, Legault P, Pedone C, Zaccaro L, Omichinski JG. Structure-based design of a potent artificial transactivation domain based on p53. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1715-23. [PMID: 22191432 DOI: 10.1021/ja208999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malfunctions in transcriptional regulation are associated with a number of critical human diseases. As a result, there is considerable interest in designing artificial transcription activators (ATAs) that specifically control genes linked to human diseases. Like native transcriptional activator proteins, an ATA must minimally contain a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a transactivation domain (TAD) and, although there are several reliable methods for designing artificial DBDs, designing artificial TADs has proven difficult. In this manuscript, we present a structure-based strategy for designing short peptides containing natural amino acids that function as artificial TADs. Using a segment of the TAD of p53 as the scaffolding, modifications are introduced to increase the helical propensity of the peptides. The most active artificial TAD, termed E-Cap-(LL), is a 13-mer peptide that contains four key residues from p53, an N-capping motif and a dileucine hydrophobic bridge. In vitro analysis demonstrates that E-Cap-(LL) interacts with several known p53 target proteins, while in vivo studies in a yeast model system show that it is a 20-fold more potent transcriptional activator than the native p53-13 peptide. These results demonstrate that structure-based design represents a promising approach for developing artificial TADs that can be combined with artificial DBDs to create potent and specific ATAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Langlois
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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76
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Priya G, Kotmale AS, Gawade RL, Mishra D, Pal S, Puranik VG, Rajamohanan PR, Sanjayan GJ. Helical folding in heterogeneous foldamers without inter-residual backbone hydrogen-bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8922-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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77
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Vaz E, Dames SA, Geyer M, Brunsveld L. Positional screening and NMR structure determination of side-chain-to-side-chain cyclized β3-peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1365-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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79
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Ramesh VVE, Priya G, Kotmale AS, Gonnade RG, Rajamohanan PR, Sanjayan GJ. Multifaceted folding in a foldamer featuring highly cooperative folds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11205-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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80
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Pedersen SL, Tofteng AP, Malik L, Jensen KJ. Microwave heating in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1826-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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81
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Gopalan RD, Del Borgo MP, Bergman YE, Unabia S, Mulder RJ, Wilce MCJ, Wilce JA, Aguilar MI, Perlmutter P. Conformational stability studies of a stapled hexa-β3-peptide library. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1802-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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82
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Turrell SJ, Filby MH, Whitehouse A, Wilson AJ. Cellular uptake of highly-functionalized ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridine protein-surface mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:985-8. [PMID: 22204913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes cell-uptake studies with HEK 293T cells on a series of ruthenium complexes shown previously to act as receptors for protein surface recognition and was motivated by a desire to establish if these receptors represent suitable templates for further elaboration as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The results illustrate that large (>3000Da) highly functionalized anionic ruthenium complexes are efficiently transfected via endocytosis to lysosomes with negligible toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Turrell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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83
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Delaurière L, Dong Z, Laxmi-Reddy K, Godde F, Toulmé JJ, Huc I. Deciphering Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamer-DNA Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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84
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Delaurière L, Dong Z, Laxmi-Reddy K, Godde F, Toulmé JJ, Huc I. Deciphering aromatic oligoamide foldamer-DNA interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:473-7. [PMID: 22135220 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Finest selection: Side-chain selective, end-group selective, diastereoselective, and RNA- vs. DNA-selective interactions have been revealed between multiturn helical aromatic amide foldamers having cationic side chains and G-quadruplex aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Delaurière
- Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, laboratoire ARNA, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
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85
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Affiliation(s)
- W Seth Horne
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry,
219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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86
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Chen J, Wang J, Xu B, Zhu W, Li G. Insight into mechanism of small molecule inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 interaction: Molecular dynamics simulation and free energy analysis. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 30:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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87
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Shandler SJ, Korendovych IV, Moore DT, Smith-Dupont KB, Streu CN, Litvinov RI, Billings PC, Gai F, Bennett JS, DeGrado WF. Computational design of a β-peptide that targets transmembrane helices. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12378-81. [PMID: 21780757 PMCID: PMC3155016 DOI: 10.1021/ja204215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design of β-peptide foldamers targeting the transmembrane (TM) domains of complex natural membrane proteins has been a formidable challenge. A series of β-peptides was designed to stably insert in TM orientations in phospholipid bilayers. Their secondary structures and orientation in the phospholipid bilayer was characterized using biophysical methods. Computational methods were then devised to design a β-peptide that targeted a TM helix of the integrin α(IIb)β(3). The designed peptide (β-CHAMP) interacts with the isolated target TM domain of the protein and activates the intact integrin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Shandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ivan V. Korendovych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David T. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kathryn B. Smith-Dupont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Craig N. Streu
- Department of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Paul C. Billings
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joel S. Bennett
- Department of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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88
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Estieu-Gionnet K, Guichard G. Stabilized helical peptides: overview of the technologies and therapeutic promises. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:937-63. [PMID: 22646216 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.603723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helical structures in proteins and naturally occurring peptides play a major role in a variety of biological processes by mediating interactions with proteins and other macromolecules such as nucleic acids and lipid membranes. The use of short synthetic peptides encompassing helical segments to modulate or disrupt such interactions, when associated with human diseases, represents great pharmacological interest. AREAS COVERED Multiple chemical approaches have been developed to increase the conformational and metabolic stabilities of helical peptides and to improve their biomedical potential. After a brief overview of these technologies and the most recent developments, this review will focus on the main therapeutic areas and targets and will discuss their promise. EXPERT OPINION Potential benefits associated with increased helix stability extend beyond simple affinity enhancement. Some peptidomimetic helices are being endowed with features desirable for cellular activity such as increased resistance to proteolysis and/or cell permeability. Recent advances in the field of peptide and related peptidomimetic helices are not just conceptual, but are likely to be of practical utility in the process of optimizing peptides as clinical candidates, and developing medium-size therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Estieu-Gionnet
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, CBMN, 2 rue R. Escarpit, 33607 Pessac , France
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89
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Ducho C. A Kaleidoscope of Contemporary Organic Chemistry: The 46th Bürgenstock Conference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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90
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Ducho C. Ein Kaleidoskop der zeitgenössischen organischen Chemie: die 46. Bürgenstock-Konferenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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91
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Guo L, Zhang W, Reidenbach AG, Giuliano MW, Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Gellman SH. Characteristic Structural Parameters for the γ-Peptide 14-Helix: Importance of Subunit Preorganization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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92
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Guo L, Zhang W, Reidenbach AG, Giuliano MW, Guzei IA, Spencer LC, Gellman SH. Characteristic structural parameters for the γ-peptide 14-helix: importance of subunit preorganization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5843-6. [PMID: 21567680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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93
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Lee JH, Zhang Q, Jo S, Chai SC, Oh M, Im W, Lu H, Lim HS. Novel pyrrolopyrimidine-based α-helix mimetics: cell-permeable inhibitors of protein−protein interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:676-9. [PMID: 21171592 DOI: 10.1021/ja108230s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing non-peptidic, small-molecule α-helix mimetics to disrupt α-helix-mediated protein−protein interactions. Herein, we report the design of a novel pyrrolopyrimidine-based scaffold for such α-helix mimetics with increased conformational rigidity. We also developed a facile solid-phase synthetic route that is amenable to divergent synthesis of a large library. Using a fluorescence polarization-based assay, we identified cell-permeable, dual MDMX/MDM2 inhibitors, demonstrating that the designed molecules can act as α-helix mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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94
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Madden MM, Muppidi A, Li Z, Li X, Chen J, Lin Q. Synthesis of cell-permeable stapled peptide dual inhibitors of the p53-Mdm2/Mdmx interactions via photoinduced cycloaddition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1472-5. [PMID: 21277201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the first application of a photoinduced 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to 'staple' a peptide dual inhibitor of the p53-Mdm2/Mdmx interactions. A series of stapled peptide inhibitors were efficiently synthesized and showed excellent dual inhibitory activity in ELISA assay. Furthermore, the positively charged, stapled peptides showed enhanced cellular uptake along with modest in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Madden
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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95
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Hu Y, Li X, Sebti SM, Chen J, Cai J. Design and synthesis of AApeptides: a new class of peptide mimics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1469-71. [PMID: 21292484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new family of peptide mimics termed 'AApeptides', which are oligomers of N-acylated-N-aminoethyl amino acids, was proposed. The design and efficient synthesis of AApeptides are described. As proof-of-the-concept, we show that AApeptides can inhibit p53/MDM2 protein-protein interaction with significant activity (IC(50)=38 μM) and specificity. Preliminary data also demonstrates that AApeptides are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. With the ease of synthesis and diversification, potent bioactivity, and resistance to proteolysis, the development of sequence-specific AApeptides may expand the potential biomedical applications of peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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96
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97
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98
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Schöneberger H, Weiss A, Brill B, Delis N, Borghouts C, Groner B. The integration of a Stat3 specific peptide aptamer into the thioredoxin scaffold protein strongly enhances its inhibitory potency. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2011; 5:1-9. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe are characterizing peptides which are able to interact with functional domains of oncoproteins and thus inhibit their activity. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to derive a peptide sequence which specifically interacts with the dimerization domain of the transcription factor Stat3. The activated form of Stat3 is required for the survival of many transformed cells and Stat3 inhibition can cause tumor cell death. The genetic selection of specific peptide sequences from random peptide libraries requires the integration into a scaffold protein and the expression in yeast cells. The scaffold protein, a variant of the human thioredoxin protein, has previously been optimized and also allows for effective bacterial expression of the recombinant protein and the cellular uptake of the purified, recombinant protein. We investigated the contributions of the scaffold protein to the inhibitory properties of rS3-PA. For this purpose we compared rS3-PA in which the ligand peptide is embedded within the thioredoxin scaffold protein with a minimal Stat3-interacting peptide sequence. sS3-P45 is a synthetic peptide of 45 amino acids in length and consists only of the Stat3-binding sequence of 20 amino acids, a protein transduction domain (PTD) and a Flag-tag. Both, the recombinant rS3-PA of 19.3 kDa and the synthetic sS3-P45 of 5.1 kDa, were taken up into the cytoplasm of cells by the PTD-mediated transduction process, inhibited Stat3 target gene expression and caused the death of Stat3-dependent tumor cells. Stat3-independent normal cells were unaffected. rS3-PA effectively inhibited Stat3 function at 2 μM, however, sS3-P45 was required at a concentration of 100 μM to exert the same effects. The more potent action of rS3-PA is most probably due to a conformational stabilization of the Stat3-interacting peptide in the context of the scaffold protein.
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99
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Kajino M, Fujimoto K, Inouye M. Side-Chain Cross-Linked Short α-Helices That Behave like Original Proteins in Biomacromolecular Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:656-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106821x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaoki Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masahiko Inouye
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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100
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Vervisch K, D'hooghe M, Törnroos KW, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of stereodefined piperidines from aziridines and their transformation into conformationally constrained amino acids, amino alcohols and 2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7734-44. [PMID: 20977252 DOI: 10.1021/jo101646u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-(2-Cyano-2-phenylethyl)aziridines were converted into novel cis- and trans-2-chloromethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carbonitriles via alkylation with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane followed by microwave-assisted 6-exo-tet cyclization and regiospecific ring opening. The latter piperidines were used as eligible substrates for the synthesis of stereodefined 2-chloromethyl-, 2-hydroxymethyl-, and 2-carboxymethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acids, 2-hydroxymethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carbonitriles, 3-hydroxy-5-phenylazepane-5-carbonitriles, and 5-phenyl-2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vervisch
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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