51
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis of π-extended non-alternant hydrocarbons based on azulene (5-7), pentalene (5-5) and heptalene (7-7) skeletons and elucidation of their electronic structures. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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52
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Kantarod K, Worakul T, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Surawatanawong P, Wattanathana W, Leowanawat P. Dibenzopleiadiene-embeded polyaromatics via [4 + 3] annulative decarbonylation/decarboxylation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient sequential cross-coupling/annulation strategy is developed to construct structurally and optoelectronically diverse class of dibezopleiadiene-embeded polyaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritchasorn Kantarod
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Thanapat Worakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kasetsart University
- Bangkok 10900
- Thailand
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
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53
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Shimizu A, Ishizaki Y, Horiuchi S, Hirose T, Matsuda K, Sato H, Yoshida JI. HOMO–LUMO Energy-Gap Tuning of π-Conjugated Zwitterions Composed of Electron-Donating Anion and Electron-Accepting Cation. J Org Chem 2020; 86:770-781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shun Horiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-0294, Japan
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54
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Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. Conformation and Aromaticity Switching in a Curved Non-Alternant sp 2 Carbon Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21505-21509. [PMID: 32815658 PMCID: PMC7756343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A curved sp2 carbon scaffold containing fused pentagon and heptagon units (1) was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed [5+2] annulation from a 3,9-diboraperylene precursor and shows two reversible oxidation processes at low redox potential, accompanied by a butterfly-like motion. Stepwise oxidation produced radical cation 1.+ and dication 12+ . In the crystal structure, 1 exhibits a chiral cisoid conformation and partial π-overlap between the enantiomers. For the radical cation 1.+ , a less curved cisoid conformation is observed with a π-dimer-type arrangement. 12+ adopts a more planar structure with transoid conformation and slip-stacked π-overlap with closest neighbors. We also observed an intermolecular mixed-valence complex of 1⋅(1.+ )3 that has a huge trigonal unit cell [(1)72 (SbF6 )54 ⋅(hexane)101 ] and hexagonal columnar stacks. In addition to the conformational change, the aromaticity of 1 changes from localized to delocalized, as demonstrated by AICD and NICS(1)zz calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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55
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Wang Z, Akisaka R, Yabumoto S, Nakagawa T, Hatano S, Abe M. Impact of the macrocyclic structure and dynamic solvent effect on the reactivity of a localised singlet diradicaloid with π-single bonding character. Chem Sci 2020; 12:613-625. [PMID: 34163792 PMCID: PMC8179019 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Localised singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolysis processes. Generally, these highly reactive species undergo radical–radical coupling reaction immediately after their generation. Therefore, their short-lived character hampers experimental investigations of their nature. In this study, we implemented the new concept of “stretch effect” to access a kinetically stabilised singlet diradicaloid. To this end, a macrocyclic structure was computationally designed to enable the experimental examination of a singlet diradicaloid with π-single bonding character. The kinetically stabilised diradicaloid exhibited a low carbon–carbon coupling reaction rate of 6.4 × 103 s−1 (155.9 μs), approximately 11 and 1000 times slower than those of the first generation of macrocyclic system (7.0 × 104 s−1, 14.2 μs) and the parent system lacking the macrocycle (5 × 106 s−1, 200 ns) at 293 K in benzene, respectively. In addition, a significant dynamic solvent effect was observed for the first time in intramolecular radical–radical coupling reactions in viscous solvents such as glycerin triacetate. This theoretical and experimental study demonstrates that the stretch effect and solvent viscosity play important roles in retarding the σ-bond formation process, thus enabling a thorough examination of the nature of the singlet diradicaloid and paving the way toward a deeper understanding of reactive intermediates. An extremely long-lived localised singlet diradical with π-single bonding character is found in a macrocyclic structure that retards the radical–radical coupling reaction by the “stretch and solvent-dynamic effects”.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Sohshi Yabumoto
- Unisoku Co., Ltd. 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Unisoku Co., Ltd. 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan .,Hiroshima University Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery-Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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56
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Jiménez VG, Mayorga-Burrezo P, Blanco V, Lloveras V, Gómez-García CJ, Šolomek T, Cuerva JM, Veciana J, Campaña AG. Dibenzocycloheptatriene as end-group of Thiele and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin hydrocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12813-12816. [PMID: 32966400 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiele (Th) and tetrabenzo-Chichibabin (TBC) derivatives with terminal dibenzocycloheptatriene (DBHept) units were prepared. A clear correlation between their electronic and molecular structures was stablished. Insights into their closed- or open-shell ground states were gained, where particular contribution of the heptagonal carbocycles as end-groups was proved. Remarkably, a thermally accessible triplet diradical configuration was confirmed for the DBHept-TBC compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente G Jiménez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química aplicada a Biomedicina y Medio Ambiente, University of Granada (UGR), C. U. Fuentenueva, Granada 18071, Spain.
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57
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Liu L, Hu H, Guo M, Zhang L. Synthesis, Characterization, and Charge-Transport Properties of Halogenated Dibenzo[ a, j]perylenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12243-12251. [PMID: 32883074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In designing organic semiconductors for organic devices, halogenation is a very popular strategy for tuning the electronic properties and packing arrangement in the solid state. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of halogenated dibenzo[a,j]perylene (DBP) with triethylsilyl (TES)-ethynyl substituents at the 8- and 16-positions (TES-DBP). The resulting compounds are characterized by optical, electrochemical, crystallographic, and computational studies to clarify the effect of halogenation on the optoelectronic properties and charge-carrier transport. It is found that the halogen atoms, the degree of halogenation, and their positional locations can alter the electronic properties and crystal packing of the compounds. In contrast to fluorinated TES-DBP, the chlorinated counterpart has red-shifted maximum absorption and lower electron affinity owing to the electron delocalization between DBP core and the unoccupied 3d orbitals of Cl atom. Organic field-effect transistor measurements demonstrate that TES-2ClDBP shows a hole mobility of 0.25 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is higher than TES-2FDBP and TES-DBP. On the other hand, TES-4ClDBP exhibits ambipolar transport characteristics with electron and hole mobilities up to 0.02 and 0.07 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Hui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Guo
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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58
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Chen X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qiu G, Liang Q, Zhou H. Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Radical Cyclization of 8-Ethynyl-1-naphthyl-amines for the Synthesis of 2 H-Benzo[ e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-Dioxides and its Fluorescence Properties. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12526-12534. [PMID: 32894946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed radical cascade dehydrogenative cyclization of N-tosyl-8-ethynyl-1-naphthylamines under air is described herein for the synthesis of thioazafluoranthenes. The reaction proceeds smoothly with high efficiency and a broad reaction scope. The product is indeed a new fluorophore and its photophysical properties are also investigated. Based on the results, we are pleased to find that the Stokes shift of amino-linked thioazafluoranthenes in dilute tetrahydrofuran is determined to be 143 nm (4830 cm-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghui Liang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
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59
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Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. Conformation and Aromaticity Switching in a Curved Non‐Alternant sp
2
Carbon Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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60
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Jousselin-Oba T, Mamada M, Okazawa A, Marrot J, Ishida T, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Modulating the ground state, stability and charge transport in OFETs of biradicaloid hexahydro-diindenopyrene derivatives and a proposed method to estimate the biradical character. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12194-12205. [PMID: 34094431 PMCID: PMC8162832 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biradicaloid compounds with an open-shell ground state have been the subject of intense research in the past decade. Although diindenoacenes are one of the most developed families, only a few examples have been reported as active layers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a charge mobility of around 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 due to a steric disadvantage of the mesityl group to kinetically stabilize compounds. Herein, we disclose our efforts to improve the charge transport of the diindenoacene family based on hexahydro-diindenopyrene (HDIP) derivatives with different annelation modes for which the most reactive position has been functionalized with (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl (TIPS) groups. All the HDIP derivatives show remarkably higher stability than that of TIPS-pentacene, enduring for 2 days to more than 30 days, which depends on the oxidation potential, the contribution of the singlet biradical form in the ground state and the annelation mode. The annelation mode affects not only the band gap and the biradical character (y 0) but also the value of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE S-T) that does not follow the reverse trend of y 0. A method based on comparison between experimental and theoretical bond lengths has been disclosed to estimate y 0 and shows that y 0 computed at the projected unrestricted Hartree-Fock (PUHF) level is the most relevant among those reported by all other methods. Thanks to their high stability, thin-film OFETs were successfully fabricated. Well balanced ambipolar transport was obtained in the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the bottom-gate/top-contact configuration, and unipolar transport in the top-gate/bottom-contact configuration was obtained in the order of 10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 which is the highest value obtained for biradical compounds with a diindenoacene skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center, Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Division of Chemistry, Institute of Liberal Education, Nihon University School of Medicine Itabashi Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Jérome Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center, Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, LPICM, CNRS route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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61
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Pigulski B, Shoyama K, Würthner F. NIR-Absorbing π-Extended Azulene: Non-Alternant Isomer of Terrylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15908-15912. [PMID: 32441847 PMCID: PMC7540366 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first planar π-extended azulene that retains aromaticity of odd-membered rings was synthesized by [3+3] peri-annulation of two naphthalene imides at both long-edge sides of azulene. Using bromination and subsequent nucleophilic substitution by methoxide and morpholine, selective functionalization of the π-extended azulene was achieved. Whilst these new azulenes can be regarded as isomers of terrylene bisimide they exhibit entirely different properties, which include very narrow optical and electrochemical gaps. DFT, TD-DFT, as well as nucleus-independent chemical shift calculations were applied to explain the structural and functional properties of these new π scaffolds. Furthermore, X-ray crystallography confirmed the planarity of the reported π-scaffolds and aromaticity of their azulene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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62
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Xin H, Li J, Lu RQ, Gao X, Swager TM. Azulene–Pyridine-Fused Heteroaromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13598-13605. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanshen Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ru-Qiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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63
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Ogawa N, Yamaoka Y, Takikawa H, Yamada KI, Takasu K. Helical Nanographenes Embedded with Contiguous Azulene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13322-13327. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yousuke Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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64
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Pigulski B, Shoyama K, Würthner F. NIR‐Absorbing π‐Extended Azulene: Non‐Alternant Isomer of Terrylene Bisimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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65
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Hou ICY, Sun Q, Eimre K, Di Giovannantonio M, Urgel JI, Ruffieux P, Narita A, Fasel R, Müllen K. On-Surface Synthesis of Unsaturated Carbon Nanostructures with Regularly Fused Pentagon-Heptagon Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10291-10296. [PMID: 32428409 PMCID: PMC7304065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multiple
fused pentagon–heptagon pairs are frequently found
as defects at the grain boundaries of the hexagonal graphene lattice
and are suggested to have a fundamental influence on graphene-related
materials. However, the construction of sp2-carbon skeletons
with multiple regularly fused pentagon–heptagon pairs is challenging.
In this work, we found that the pentagon–heptagon skeleton
of azulene was rearranged during the thermal reaction of an azulene-incorporated
organometallic polymer on Au(111). The resulting sp2-carbon
frameworks were characterized by high-resolution scanning probe microscopy
techniques and feature novel polycyclic architectures composed of
multiple regularly fused pentagon–heptagon pairs. Moreover,
the calculated analysis of its aromaticity revealed a peculiar polar
electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cheng-Yi Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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66
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Fu X, Han H, Zhang D, Yu H, He Q, Zhao D. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diradical with pH-responsive magnetic properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5565-5571. [PMID: 32874500 PMCID: PMC7441688 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By integrating azulene with a quinoid moiety, a novel non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule BCHF1 exhibiting manifold zwitterionic, quinoidal and diradical behaviors is designed and synthesized. Its zwitterionic feature is evidenced by the changes shown by the 1H-NMR and absorption spectra when the molecule undergoes reversible protonation and deprotonation reactions at varied pH. The diradical facet, manifesting a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE S-T), is characterized with a paramagnetic resonance signal detected by the EPR spectroscopy at room temperature. As the diradical properties are not observed in the protonated form, BCHF1+H+ , a pH-controlled reversible magnetic switching behavior is illustrated by monitoring the on and off cycles of EPR signals upon successively adding bases and acids to a solution or exposing a thin film of BCHF1+H+ to base vapor followed by acid vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Qilin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
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67
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Han Y, Xue Z, Li G, Gu Y, Ni Y, Dong S, Chi C. Formation of Azulene‐Embedded Nanographene: Naphthalene to Azulene Rearrangement During the Scholl Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9026-9031. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zibo Xue
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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68
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Han Y, Xue Z, Li G, Gu Y, Ni Y, Dong S, Chi C. Formation of Azulene‐Embedded Nanographene: Naphthalene to Azulene Rearrangement During the Scholl Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zibo Xue
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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69
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Ma J, Fu Y, Dmitrieva E, Liu F, Komber H, Hennersdorf F, Popov AA, Weigand JJ, Liu J, Feng X. Helical Nanographenes Containing an Azulene Unit: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5637-5642. [PMID: 31867754 PMCID: PMC7155134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three unprecedented helical nanographenes (1, 2, and 3) containing an azulene unit are synthesized. The resultant helical structures are unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The embedded azulene unit in 2 possesses a record‐high twisting degree (16.1°) as a result of the contiguous steric repulsion at the helical inner rim. Structural analysis in combination with theoretical calculations reveals that these helical nanographenes manifest a global aromatic structure, while the inner azulene unit exhibits weak antiaromatic character. Furthermore, UV/Vis‐spectral measurements reveal that superhelicenes 2 and 3 possess narrow energy gaps (2: 1.88 eV; 3: 2.03 eV), as corroborated by cyclic voltammetry and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The stable oxidized and reduced states of 2 and 3 are characterized by in‐situ EPR/Vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry. Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy for helical nanographenes containing azulene units as well as their associated structures and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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70
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Ma J, Fu Y, Dmitrieva E, Liu F, Komber H, Hennersdorf F, Popov AA, Weigand JJ, Liu J, Feng X. Helical Nanographenes Containing an Azulene Unit: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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71
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3529-3533. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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72
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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73
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Akisaka R, Ohga Y, Abe M. Dynamic solvent effects in radical-radical coupling reactions: an almost bottleable localised singlet diradical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27949-27954. [PMID: 33184617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Localised singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolysis, which plays a crucial role in chemical reactions. However, thorough experimental analyses of the reaction dynamics and chemical properties are generally difficult because bond formation is rapid, even under low-temperature matrix conditions. In this study, the effects of solvent and pressure on the lifetimes of long-lived singlet diradicals with bulky substituents were investigated. The solvent dynamic effect was revealed to provide control over the rate constant of radical-radical coupling reactions, and an almost bottleable singlet diradical with a lifetime of ∼2 s at 293 K was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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74
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Two Embedded Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17577-17582. [PMID: 31550407 PMCID: PMC6899884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that contain both five- and seven-membered rings are rare, and those where these rings are annulated to each other and build azulene units have, to date, mainly been generated in minute amounts on surfaces. Herein, a rational approach to synthesize soluble contorted PAHs containing two embedded azulene units in the bulk is presented. By stepwise detachment of tert-butyl groups, a series of three azulene embedded PAHs with different degrees of contortion has been made to study the impact of curvature on aromaticity and conjugation. Furthermore, the azulene PAHs showed high fluorescence quantum yields in the NIR regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 HeidelbergGermany
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75
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Two Embedded Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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