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Zhu Y, Wang Q, Luo H, Zhang G, Yu Y. Efficient and facile strategy to substituted 2-aminothiazoles via ring opening of α-nitroepoxides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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52
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Wang B, Wu J, Wu Y, Chen C, Zou F, Wang A, Wu H, Hu Z, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zhao M, Hu J, Huang T, Ge J, Wang L, Ren T, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu Q. Discovery of 4-(((4-(5-chloro-2-(((1s,4s)-4-((2-methoxyethyl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)pyridin-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile (JSH-150) as a novel highly selective and potent CDK9 kinase inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:896-916. [PMID: 30253346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Through a structure-guided rational drug design approach, we have discovered a highly selective inhibitor compound 40 (JSH-150), which exhibited an IC50 of 1 nM against CDK9 kinase in the biochemical assay and achieved around 300-10000-fold selectivity over other CDK kinase family members. In addition, it also displayed high selectivity over other 468 kinases/mutants (KINOMEscan S score(1) = 0.01). Compound 40 displayed potent antiproliferative effects against melanoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoma, colon cancer, lung cancer as well as leukemia cell lines. It could dose-dependently inhibit the phosphorylation of RNA Pol II, suppress the expression of MCL-1 and c-Myc, arrest the cell cycle and induce the apoptosis in the leukemia cells. In the MV4-11 cell-inoculated xenograft mouse model, 10 mg/kg dosage of 40 could almost completely suppress the tumor progression. The high selectivity and good in vivo PK/PD profile suggested that 40 would be a good pharmacological tool to study CDK9-mediated physiology and pathology as well as a potential drug candidate for leukemia and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yun Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Fengming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Hong Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Zhenquan Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Zongru Jiang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yicong Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Feiyang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Juan Ge
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Tao Ren
- Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China.
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Precision Targeted Therapy Discovery Center, Institute of Technology Innovation, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, PR China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China.
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53
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Chohan TA, Qayyum A, Rehman K, Tariq M, Akash MSH. An insight into the emerging role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1326-1341. [PMID: 30257348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer denotes a pathological manifestation that is characterized by hyperproliferation of cells. It has anticipated that a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the role of cell-cycle regulators may provide an opportunity to develop an effective cancer therapeutic agents. Specifically, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) which regulate the transition of cell-cycle through different phases; have been identified as fundamental targets for therapeutic advances. It is an evident from experimental studies that several events leading to tumor growth occur by exacerbation of CDK4/CDK6 in G1-phase of cell division cycle. Additionally, the characteristics of S- and G2/M-phase regulated by CDK1/CDK2 are pivotal events that may lead to abrupt the cell division. Although, previously reported CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in pre-clinical studies, but have not yielded appreciable clinical results yet. Therefore, the development of clinically potent CDK inhibitors has remained to be a challenging task. However, continuous efforts has led to the development of some novel CDKs inhibitors that have emerged as a potent strategy for the treatment of advanced cancers. In this article, we have summarized the role of CDKs in cell-cycle regulation and tumorigenesis and recent advances in the development of CDKs inhibitors as a promising therapy for the treatment of advanced cancer. In addition, we have also performed a comparison of crystallographic studies to get valuable insight into the interaction mode differences of inhibitors, binding to CDK isoforms with apparently similar binding sites. The knowledge of ligand-specific recognition towards a particular CDK isoform may be applied as a key tool in future for the designing of isoform-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Qayyum
- Department of Paediatrics Medicine, Sabzazar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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54
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Richter F, Seifert J, Korb M, Lang H, Banert K. Real Multicomponent Reactions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2-Aminothiazoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Richter
- Organic Chemistry; Chemnitz University of Technology; Strasse der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Organic Chemistry; Chemnitz University of Technology; Strasse der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Inorganic Chemistry; Chemnitz University of Technology; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Inorganic Chemistry; Chemnitz University of Technology; 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Klaus Banert
- Organic Chemistry; Chemnitz University of Technology; Strasse der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
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55
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56
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Löschmann N, Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Voges Y, Balónová B, Blight BA, Cinatl J. ABCB1 as predominant resistance mechanism in cells with acquired SNS-032 resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58051-58064. [PMID: 27517323 PMCID: PMC5295411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDK inhibitor SNS-032 had previously exerted promising anti-neuroblastoma activity via CDK7 and 9 inhibition. ABCB1 expression was identified as major determinant of SNS-032 resistance. Here, we investigated the role of ABCB1 in acquired SNS-032 resistance. In contrast to ABCB1-expressing UKF-NB-3 sub-lines resistant to other ABCB1 substrates, SNS-032-adapted UKF-NB-3 (UKF-NB-3rSNS- 032300nM) cells remained sensitive to the non-ABCB1 substrate cisplatin and were completely re-sensitized to cytotoxic ABCB1 substrates by ABCB1 inhibition. Moreover, UKF-NB-3rSNS-032300nM cells remained similarly sensitive to CDK7 and 9 inhibition as UKF-NB-3 cells. In contrast, SHEPrSNS-0322000nM, the SNS-032-resistant sub-line of the neuroblastoma cell line SHEP, displayed low level SNS-032 resistance also when ABCB1 was inhibited. This discrepancy may be explained by the higher SNS-032 concentrations that were used to establish SHEPrSNS-0322000nM cells, since SHEP cells intrinsically express ABCB1 and are less sensitive to SNS-032 (IC50 912 nM) than UKF-NB-3 cells (IC50 153 nM). In conclusion, we show that ABCB1 expression represents the primary (sometimes exclusive) resistance mechanism in neuroblastoma cells with acquired resistance to SNS-032. Thus, ABCB1 inhibitors may increase the SNS-032 efficacy in ABCB1-expressing cells and prolong or avoid resistance formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Löschmann
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Centre for Molecular Processing and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yvonne Voges
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Barry A Blight
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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57
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Nagarajaiah H, Mishra AK, Moorthy JN. Mechanochemical solid-state synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles, quinoxalines and benzoylbenzofurans from ketones by one-pot sequential acid- and base-mediated reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4129-35. [PMID: 27072599 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
α-Chloroketones - obtained by the atom-economical chlorination of ketones with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) in the presence of p-TSA under ball-milling conditions - were set up for a sequential base-mediated condensation reaction with thiourea/thiosemicarbazides, o-phenylenediamine and salicylaldehyde to afford 2-aminothiazoles, 2-hydrazinylthiazoles, quinoxalines and benzoylbenzofurans, respectively, in respectable yields. The viability of one-pot sequential acid- and base-mediated reactions in the solid state under ball-milling conditions is thus demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honnappa Nagarajaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Abhaya Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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58
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Pharmacological perturbation of CDK9 using selective CDK9 inhibition or degradation. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 14:163-170. [PMID: 29251720 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), an important regulator of transcriptional elongation, is a promising target for cancer therapy, particularly for cancers driven by transcriptional dysregulation. We characterized NVP-2, a selective ATP-competitive CDK9 inhibitor, and THAL-SNS-032, a selective CDK9 degrader consisting of a CDK-binding SNS-032 ligand linked to a thalidomide derivative that binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cereblon (CRBN). To our surprise, THAL-SNS-032 induced rapid degradation of CDK9 without affecting the levels of other SNS-032 targets. Moreover, the transcriptional changes elicited by THAL-SNS-032 were more like those caused by NVP-2 than those induced by SNS-032. Notably, compound washout did not significantly reduce levels of THAL-SNS-032-induced apoptosis, suggesting that CDK9 degradation had prolonged cytotoxic effects compared with CDK9 inhibition. Thus, our findings suggest that thalidomide conjugation represents a promising strategy for converting multi-targeted inhibitors into selective degraders and reveal that kinase degradation can induce distinct pharmacological effects compared with inhibition.
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59
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Ewida MA, Abou El Ella DA, Lasheen DS, Ewida HA, El-Gazzar YI, El-Subbagh HI. Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine analogues as a new class of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:228-237. [PMID: 28865294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,3-thiazoles and thiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine both bearing the 2-thioureido function were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their invitro DHFR inhibition and antitumor activities. Compound 26 proved to be the most active DHFR inhibitor (IC50 of 0.06μM). Compound 4, 20 and 21 showed in vitro antitumor activity against a collection of cancer cell lines. Compound 26 proved lethal to HS 578T breast cancer cell line with IC50 value of 0.8μM, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Molecular modeling studies concluded that recognition with key amino acids Phe 31 and Arg 22 is essential for DHFR binding. The obtained model could be useful for the development of new class of DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna A Ewida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A Ewida
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yomna I El-Gazzar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
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60
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Keshari AK, Singh AK, Raj V, Rai A, Trivedi P, Ghosh B, Kumar U, Rawat A, Kumar D, Saha S. p-TSA-promoted syntheses of 5H-benzo[h] thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline and indeno[1,2-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine analogs: molecular modeling and in vitro antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1623-1642. [PMID: 28615927 PMCID: PMC5459977 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s136692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to address the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we have made a commitment to the synthesis of novel molecules to combat Hep-G2 cells. A facile and highly efficient one-pot, multicomponent reaction has been successfully devised utilizing a p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA)-catalyzed domino Knoevenagel/Michael/intramolecular cyclization approach for the synthesis of novel 5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline and indeno[1,2-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine analogs bearing a bridgehead nitrogen atom. This domino protocol constructed one new ring by the concomitant formation of multiple bonds (C-C, C-N, and C=N) involving multiple steps without the use of any metal catalysts in one-pot, with all reactants effi-ciently exploited. All the newly synthesized compounds were authenticated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis, and their antitumor activity was evaluated in vitro on a Hep-G2 human cancer cell line by sulforhodamine B assay. Computational molecular modeling studies were carried out on cancer-related targets, including interleukin-2, interleukin-6, Caspase-3, and Caspase-8. Two compounds (4A and 6A) showed growth inhibitory activity comparable to the positive control Adriamycin, with growth inhibition of 50% <10 μg/mL. The results of the comprehensive structure-activity relationship study confirmed the assumption that two or more electronegative groups on the phenyl ring attached to the thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline system showed the optimum effect. The in silico simulations suggested crucial hydrogen bond and π-π stacking interactions, with a good ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile and molecular dynamics, in order to explore the molecular targets of HCC which were in complete agreement with the in vitro findings. Considering their significant anticancer activity, 4A and 6A are potential drug candidates for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ashok K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vinit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amit Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Prakruti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Rawat
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
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61
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Wu W, Su J, Tang C, Bai H, Ma Z, Zhang T, Yuan Z, Li Z, Zhou W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du L, Gu L, Li M. cybLuc: An Effective Aminoluciferin Derivative for Deep Bioluminescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4808-4816. [PMID: 28378575 PMCID: PMC5417088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of firefly luciferase/luciferin bioluminescence imaging, a series of N-cycloalkylaminoluciferins (cyaLucs) were developed by introducing lipophilic N-cycloalkylated substitutions. The experimental results demonstrate that these cyaLucs are effective substrates for native firefly luciferase (Fluc) and can produce elevated bioluminescent signals in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. It should be noted that, in animal studies, N-cyclobutylaminoluciferin (cybLuc) at 10 μM (0.1 mL), which is 0.01% of the standard dose of d-luciferin (dLuc) used in mouse imaging, can radiate 20-fold more bioluminescent light than d-luciferin (dLuc) or aminoluciferin (aLuc) at the same concentration. Longer in vivo emission imaging using cybLuc suggests that it can be used for long-time observation. Regarding the mechanism of cybLuc, our cocrystal structure data from firefly luciferase with oxidized cybLuc suggested that oxidized cybLuc fits into the same pocket as oxyluciferin. Most interestingly, our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cybLuc in brain tumor imaging contributes to its extended application in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Faculty
of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chunchao Tang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haixiu Bai
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tianchao Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zenglin Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Faculty
of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department
of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,
School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huateng Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,
School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Lupei Du
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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62
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Mali JK, Takale BS, Telvekar VN. Readily switchable one-pot 5-exo-dig cyclization using a palladium catalyst. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient, ligand-free, Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed one-pot reaction has been developed for the synthesis of oxazolines and oxazoles from easily available acid chlorides and propargylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree K. Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400 019
- India
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400 019
- India
| | - Vikas. N. Telvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400 019
- India
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63
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Synthesis, antitumor activity and preliminary structure-activity relationship of 2-aminothiazole derivatives. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-6304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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64
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Kim YH, Ha S, Kim J, Ham SW. Identification of KPNB1 as a Cellular Target of Aminothiazole Derivatives with Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1406-9. [PMID: 27241026 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We found that aminothiazole derivative (E)-N-(5-benzylthiazol-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylamide (1) has strong anticancer activity, and undertook proteomics approaches to identify the target protein of compound 1, importin β1 (KPNB1). A competitive binding assay using fluorescein-labeled 1 showed that 1 has strong binding affinity for KPNB1 (Kd : ∼20 nm). Furthermore, through western blotting assays for KPNB1, KPNA2, EGFR, ErbB2, and STAT3, we confirmed that 1 has inhibitory effects on the importin pathway. KPBN1 appears to be overexpressed in several cancer cells, and siRNA-induced inhibition of KPNB1 shows significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, while leaving non-cancerous cells unaffected. Therefore, compound 1 is a promising new lead for the development of KPNB1-targeted anticancer agents. Fluorescein-labeled 1 could be a useful quantitative probe for the development of novel KPNB1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hak Kim
- Department, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyeong 4-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heakseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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65
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Roskoski R. Cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors including palbociclib as anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:249-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Mor S, Nagoria S, Kumar A, Monga J, Lohan S. Convenient synthesis, anticancer evaluation and QSAR studies of some thiazole tethered indenopyrazoles. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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67
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Ishii S, Niwa Y, Watanabe S. Deoxyfluorination of α- N -phthaloyl cycloalkanones with bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxo-Fluor). J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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68
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Recent developments of 2-aminothiazoles in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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69
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Chen B, Guo S, Guo X, Zhang G, Yu Y. Selective Access to 4-Substituted 2-Aminothiazoles and 4-Substituted 5-Thiocyano-2-aminothiazoles from Vinyl Azides and Potassium Thiocyanate Switched by Palladium and Iron Catalysts. Org Lett 2016; 17:4698-701. [PMID: 26372853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective construction of 4-substituted 2-aminothiazoles and 4-substituted 5-thiocyano-2-aminothiazoles, respectively, catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate and promoted by iron(III) bromide from vinyl azides and potassium thiocyanate has been developed. Use of readily available starting materials, high selectivity, as well as mild reaction conditions make this practical method particularly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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70
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Defert O, Boland S. Kinase profiling in early stage drug discovery: sorting things out. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 18:52-61. [PMID: 26723893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases represent one of the largest superfamilies of drugable targets and a major research area for both the pharmaceutical industry and academic groups. This has resulted in the emergence of numerous screening technologies and services dedicated to kinase profiling. In spite of this plentiful offering, the field is not without its own pitfalls, as the profusion of reported conditions and data can ultimately complicate interpretation of project results. Here, we discuss how kinase profiling was used in our early stage drug discovery efforts, from the perspective of a smaller biotech relying largely on assay outsourcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics N.V. Agoralaan Abis, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sandro Boland
- Amakem Therapeutics N.V. Agoralaan Abis, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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71
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Dolman MEM, Poon E, Ebus ME, den Hartog IJM, van Noesel CJM, Jamin Y, Hallsworth A, Robinson SP, Petrie K, Sparidans RW, Kok RJ, Versteeg R, Caron HN, Chesler L, Molenaar JJ. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor AT7519 as a Potential Drug for MYCN-Dependent Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5100-9. [PMID: 26202950 PMCID: PMC4645454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MYCN-dependent neuroblastomas have low cure rates with current multimodal treatment regimens and novel therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently needed. In previous preclinical studies, we have shown that targeted inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) resulted in specific killing of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. This study describes the in vivo preclinical evaluation of the CDK inhibitor AT7519. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preclinical drug testing was performed using a panel of MYCN-amplified and MYCN single copy neuroblastoma cell lines and different MYCN-dependent mouse models of neuroblastoma. RESULTS AT7519 killed MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines more potently than MYCN single copy cell lines with a median LC50 value of 1.7 compared to 8.1 μmol/L (P = 0.0053) and a significantly stronger induction of apoptosis. Preclinical studies in female NMRI homozygous (nu/nu) mice with neuroblastoma patient-derived MYCN-amplified AMC711T xenografts revealed dose-dependent growth inhibition, which correlated with intratumoral AT7519 levels. CDK2 target inhibition by AT7519 was confirmed by significant reductions in levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb) and nucleophosmin (p-NPM). AT7519 treatment of Th-MYCN transgenic mice resulted in improved survival and clinically significant tumor regression (average tumor size reduction of 86% at day 7 after treatment initiation). The improved efficacy of AT7519 observed in Th-MYCN mice correlated with higher tumor exposure to the drug. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly suggests that AT7519 is a promising drug for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emmy M Dolman
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Marli E Ebus
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilona J M den Hartog
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yann Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Albert Hallsworth
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Kok
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib N Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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72
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Ragavendran C, Natarajan D. Insecticidal potency of Aspergillus terreus against larvae and pupae of three mosquito species Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17224-17237. [PMID: 26139412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial control agents offer alternatives to chemical pest control, as they can be more selective than chemical insecticides. The present study evaluates the mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal potential of fungus mycelia using ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts produced by Aspergillus terreus against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. The A. terreus mycelia were extracted after 15 days from Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. The ethyl acetate extracts showed lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed larvae (LC50) and lethal concentration that kills 90% of the exposed larvae (LC90) values of the first, second, third, and fourth instar larvae of An. stephensi (LC50 = 97.410, 102.551, 29.802, and 8.907; LC90 = 767.957, 552.546, 535.474, and 195.677 μg/ml), Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 89.584, 74.689, 68.265, and 67.40; LC90 = 449.091, 337.355, 518.793, and 237.347 μg/ml), and Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 83.541, 84.418, 80.407, and 95.926; LC90 = 515.464, 443.167, 387.910, and 473.998 μg/ml). Pupicidal activity of mycelium extracts was tested against An. stephensi (LC50 = 25.228, LC90 = 140.487), Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 54.525, LC90 = 145.366), and Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 10.536, LC90 = 63.762 μg/ml). At higher concentration (500 μg/ml), mortality starts within the first 6 h of exposure. One hundred percent mortality occurs at 24-h exposure. The overall result observed that effective activity against selected mosquito larvae and pupae after 24 h was a dose and time-dependent activity. These ensure that the resultant mosquito population reduction is substantial even where the larvicidal and pupicidal potential is minimal. The FTIR spectra of ethyl acetate extract reflect prominent peaks (3448.32, 3000.36, 2914.59, 2118.73, 1668.21, 1436.87, 1409.02, 954.33, 901.13, and 704.67 cm(-1)). The spectra showed a sharp absorption band at 1314.66 cm(-1) assigned to wagging vibration of the C-H group. The band at 1023.59 cm(-1) developed for C-O and C=N, respectively, and was commonly found in carboxylic acid and amine groups. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracts showed the presence of six compounds, of which the major compounds were identified as n-hexadecanoic acid (15.31%) and methyl 12,15-octadecadienoate (31.989%), based on their peak molecular weight. The HPLC analysis result highlights that the A. terreus ethyl acetate extract was compared with pure n-hexadecanoic acid which resulted in similar retention time of 19.52 and 19.38, respectively. Thus, the active compound produced by this species would be more useful against vectors responsible for diseases of public health importance. This is the first report on mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of ethyl acetate extract produced by A. terreus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India.
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73
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Taylor-Harding B, Aspuria PJ, Agadjanian H, Cheon DJ, Mizuno T, Greenberg D, Allen JR, Spurka L, Funari V, Spiteri E, Wang Q, Orsulic S, Walsh C, Karlan BY, Wiedemeyer WR. Cyclin E1 and RTK/RAS signaling drive CDK inhibitor resistance via activation of E2F and ETS. Oncotarget 2015; 6:696-714. [PMID: 25557169 PMCID: PMC4359249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are genomically complex, heterogeneous cancers with a high mortality rate, due to acquired chemoresistance and lack of targeted therapy options. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) target the retinoblastoma (RB) signaling network, and have been successfully incorporated into treatment regimens for breast and other cancers. Here, we have compared mechanisms of response and resistance to three CDKi that target either CDK4/6 or CDK2 and abrogate E2F target gene expression. We identify CCNE1 gain and RB1 loss as mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition, whereas receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and RAS signaling is associated with CDK2 inhibitor resistance. Mechanistically, we show that ETS factors are mediators of RTK/RAS signaling that cooperate with E2F in cell cycle progression. Consequently, CDK2 inhibition sensitizes cyclin E1-driven but not RAS-driven ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. In summary, this study outlines a rational approach for incorporating CDKi into treatment regimens for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbie Taylor-Harding
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul-Joseph Aspuria
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hasmik Agadjanian
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Takako Mizuno
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Danielle Greenberg
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jenieke R Allen
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lindsay Spurka
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vincent Funari
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elizabeth Spiteri
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - W Ruprecht Wiedemeyer
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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74
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Collins TJ, Ylanko J, Geng F, Andrews DW. A Versatile Cell Death Screening Assay Using Dye-Stained Cells and Multivariate Image Analysis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2015; 13:547-57. [PMID: 26422066 PMCID: PMC4652219 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dye-based method for measuring cell death in image-based screens is presented. Unlike conventional high- and medium-throughput cell death assays that measure only one form of cell death accurately, using multivariate analysis of micrographs of cells stained with the inexpensive mix, red dye nonyl acridine orange, and a nuclear stain, it was possible to quantify cell death induced by a variety of different agonists even without a positive control. Surprisingly, using a single known cytotoxic agent as a positive control for training a multivariate classifier allowed accurate quantification of cytotoxicity for mechanistically unrelated compounds enabling generation of dose–response curves. Comparison with low throughput biochemical methods suggested that cell death was accurately distinguished from cell stress induced by low concentrations of the bioactive compounds Tunicamycin and Brefeldin A. High-throughput image-based format analyses of more than 300 kinase inhibitors correctly identified 11 as cytotoxic with only 1 false positive. The simplicity and robustness of this dye-based assay makes it particularly suited to live cell screening for toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Collins
- 1 David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarkko Ylanko
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- 3 School of Engineering Technology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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75
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Asghar U, Witkiewicz AK, Turner NC, Knudsen ES. The history and future of targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:130-46. [PMID: 25633797 PMCID: PMC4480421 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1229] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a pathological manifestation of uncontrolled cell division; therefore, it has long been anticipated that our understanding of the basic principles of cell cycle control would result in effective cancer therapies. In particular, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that promote transition through the cell cycle were expected to be key therapeutic targets because many tumorigenic events ultimately drive proliferation by impinging on CDK4 or CDK6 complexes in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, perturbations in chromosomal stability and aspects of S phase and G2/M control mediated by CDK2 and CDK1 are pivotal tumorigenic events. Translating this knowledge into successful clinical development of CDK inhibitors has historically been challenging, and numerous CDK inhibitors have demonstrated disappointing results in clinical trials. Here, we review the biology of CDKs, the rationale for therapeutically targeting discrete kinase complexes and historical clinical results of CDK inhibitors. We also discuss how CDK inhibitors with high selectivity (particularly for both CDK4 and CDK6), in combination with patient stratification, have resulted in more substantial clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Asghar
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Simmons Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, USA
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Breast Cancer Unit, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Simmons Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, USA
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76
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Peyressatre M, Prével C, Pellerano M, Morris MC. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in human cancers: from small molecules to Peptide inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:179-237. [PMID: 25625291 PMCID: PMC4381256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK/Cyclins) form a family of heterodimeric kinases that play central roles in regulation of cell cycle progression, transcription and other major biological processes including neuronal differentiation and metabolism. Constitutive or deregulated hyperactivity of these kinases due to amplification, overexpression or mutation of cyclins or CDK, contributes to proliferation of cancer cells, and aberrant activity of these kinases has been reported in a wide variety of human cancers. These kinases therefore constitute biomarkers of proliferation and attractive pharmacological targets for development of anticancer therapeutics. The structural features of several of these kinases have been elucidated and their molecular mechanisms of regulation characterized in depth, providing clues for development of drugs and inhibitors to disrupt their function. However, like most other kinases, they constitute a challenging class of therapeutic targets due to their highly conserved structural features and ATP-binding pocket. Notwithstanding, several classes of inhibitors have been discovered from natural sources, and small molecule derivatives have been synthesized through rational, structure-guided approaches or identified in high throughput screens. The larger part of these inhibitors target ATP pockets, but a growing number of peptides targeting protein/protein interfaces are being proposed, and a small number of compounds targeting allosteric sites have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Peyressatre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Camille Prével
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - May C Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
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77
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Chipumuro E, Marco E, Christensen CL, Kwiatkowski N, Zhang T, Hatheway CM, Abraham BJ, Sharma B, Yeung C, Altabef A, Perez-Atayde A, Wong KK, Yuan GC, Gray NS, Young RA, George RE. CDK7 inhibition suppresses super-enhancer-linked oncogenic transcription in MYCN-driven cancer. Cell 2014; 159:1126-1139. [PMID: 25416950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MYC oncoproteins are thought to stimulate tumor cell growth and proliferation through amplification of gene transcription, a mechanism that has thwarted most efforts to inhibit MYC function as potential cancer therapy. Using a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) to disrupt the transcription of amplified MYCN in neuroblastoma cells, we demonstrate downregulation of the oncoprotein with consequent massive suppression of MYCN-driven global transcriptional amplification. This response translated to significant tumor regression in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma, without the introduction of systemic toxicity. The striking treatment selectivity of MYCN-overexpressing cells correlated with preferential downregulation of super-enhancer-associated genes, including MYCN and other known oncogenic drivers in neuroblastoma. These results indicate that CDK7 inhibition, by selectively targeting the mechanisms that promote global transcriptional amplification in tumor cells, may be useful therapy for cancers that are driven by MYC family oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Chipumuro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugenio Marco
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clark M Hatheway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bandana Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Caleb Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abigail Altabef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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78
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Albert TK, Rigault C, Eickhoff J, Baumgart K, Antrecht C, Klebl B, Mittler G, Meisterernst M. Characterization of molecular and cellular functions of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK9 using a novel specific inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:55-68. [PMID: 24102143 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK9 is an important therapeutic target but currently available inhibitors exhibit low specificity and/or narrow therapeutic windows. Here we have used a new highly specific CDK9 inhibitor, LDC000067 to interrogate gene control mechanisms mediated by CDK9. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The selectivity of LDC000067 was established in functional kinase assays. Functions of CDK9 in gene expression were assessed with in vitro transcription experiments, single gene analyses and genome-wide expression profiling. Cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells, HeLa cells, several cancer cell lines, along with cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were also used to investigate cellular responses to LDC000067. KEY RESULTS The selectivity of LDC000067 for CDK9 over other CDKs exceeded that of the known inhibitors flavopiridol and DRB. LDC000067 inhibited in vitro transcription in an ATP-competitive and dose-dependent manner. Gene expression profiling of cells treated with LDC000067 demonstrated a selective reduction of short-lived mRNAs, including important regulators of proliferation and apoptosis. Analysis of de novo RNA synthesis suggested a wide ranging positive role of CDK9. At the molecular and cellular level, LDC000067 reproduced effects characteristic of CDK9 inhibition such as enhanced pausing of RNA polymerase II on genes and, most importantly, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides a framework for the mechanistic understanding of cellular responses to CDK9 inhibition. LDC000067 represents a promising lead for the development of clinically useful, highly specific CDK9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Albert
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology (IMTB), Faculty of Medicine, Westfalian Wilhelms University Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
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79
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Chauhan S, Paliwal S, Chauhan R. Anticancer Activity of Pyrazole via Different Biological Mechanisms. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.837186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simpal Chauhan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Banasthali University , Tonk , Rajasthan , India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- a Department of Pharmacy , Banasthali University , Tonk , Rajasthan , India
| | - Rajani Chauhan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Banasthali University , Tonk , Rajasthan , India
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80
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Zheng J, Kong H, Wilson JM, Guo J, Chang Y, Yang M, Xiao G, Sun P. Insight into the interactions between novel isoquinolin-1,3-dione derivatives and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 combining QSAR and molecular docking. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93704. [PMID: 24722522 PMCID: PMC3983096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small-molecule CDK inhibitors have been identified, but none have been approved for clinical use in the past few years. A new series of 4-[(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-methylene]-4H-isoquinoline-1,3-diones were reported as highly potent and selective CDK4 inhibitors. In order to find more potent CDK4 inhibitors, the interactions between these novel isoquinoline-1,3-diones and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 was explored via in silico methodologies such as 3D-QSAR and docking on eighty-one compounds displaying potent selective activities against cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Internal and external cross-validation techniques were investigated as well as region focusing, bootstraping and leave-group-out. A training set of 66 compounds gave the satisfactory CoMFA model (q2 = 0.695, r2 = 0.947) and CoMSIA model (q2 = 0.641, r2 = 0.933). The remaining 15 compounds as a test set also gave good external predictive abilities with r2pred values of 0.875 and 0.769 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The 3D-QSAR models generated here predicted that all five parameters are important for activity toward CDK4. Surflex-dock results, coincident with CoMFA/CoMSIA contour maps, gave the path for binding mode exploration between the inhibitors and CDK4 protein. Based on the QSAR and docking models, twenty new potent molecules have been designed and predicted better than the most active compound 12 in the literatures. The QSAR, docking and interactions analysis expand the structure-activity relationships of constrained isoquinoline-1,3-diones and contribute towards the development of more active CDK4 subtype-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zheng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - James M. Wilson
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jialiang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengjia Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gaokeng Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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81
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Wiedemeyer WR, Beach JA, Karlan BY. Reversing Platinum Resistance in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Targeting BRCA and the Homologous Recombination System. Front Oncol 2014. [PMID: 24624361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00034]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is one of the main factors driving ovarian cancer mortality, and overcoming platinum resistance is considered one of the greatest challenges in ovarian cancer research. Genetic and functional evidence points to the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair system, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 in particular, as main determinants of response to platinum therapy. BRCA-mutant ovarian cancers are especially sensitive to platinum, associated with better survival, and amenable to poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor treatment. Here, we discuss a therapeutic concept that seeks to disrupt HR capacity via targeting of BRCA1 and BRCA2 functionality in order to reverse platinum resistance in BRCA-proficient high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). We review the molecular signaling pathways that converge on BRCA1 and BRCA2, their activation status in ovarian cancer, and therapeutic options to modulate BRCA function. Several recent publications demonstrate efficient chemosensitization of BRCA-proficient cancers by combining targeted therapy with standard platinum-based agents. Due to its inherent genomic heterogeneity, molecularly defined subgroups of HGSOC may require different approaches. We seek to provide an overview of available agents and their potential use to reverse platinum resistance by inhibiting the HR system, either directly or indirectly, by targeting oncogenic activators of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruprecht Wiedemeyer
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Jessica A Beach
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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82
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Wiedemeyer WR, Beach JA, Karlan BY. Reversing Platinum Resistance in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Targeting BRCA and the Homologous Recombination System. Front Oncol 2014. [PMID: 24624361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00034] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is one of the main factors driving ovarian cancer mortality, and overcoming platinum resistance is considered one of the greatest challenges in ovarian cancer research. Genetic and functional evidence points to the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair system, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 in particular, as main determinants of response to platinum therapy. BRCA-mutant ovarian cancers are especially sensitive to platinum, associated with better survival, and amenable to poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor treatment. Here, we discuss a therapeutic concept that seeks to disrupt HR capacity via targeting of BRCA1 and BRCA2 functionality in order to reverse platinum resistance in BRCA-proficient high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). We review the molecular signaling pathways that converge on BRCA1 and BRCA2, their activation status in ovarian cancer, and therapeutic options to modulate BRCA function. Several recent publications demonstrate efficient chemosensitization of BRCA-proficient cancers by combining targeted therapy with standard platinum-based agents. Due to its inherent genomic heterogeneity, molecularly defined subgroups of HGSOC may require different approaches. We seek to provide an overview of available agents and their potential use to reverse platinum resistance by inhibiting the HR system, either directly or indirectly, by targeting oncogenic activators of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruprecht Wiedemeyer
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Jessica A Beach
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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83
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Wiedemeyer WR, Beach JA, Karlan BY. Reversing Platinum Resistance in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Targeting BRCA and the Homologous Recombination System. Front Oncol 2014; 4:34. [PMID: 24624361 PMCID: PMC3939430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum chemotherapy is one of the main factors driving ovarian cancer mortality, and overcoming platinum resistance is considered one of the greatest challenges in ovarian cancer research. Genetic and functional evidence points to the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair system, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 in particular, as main determinants of response to platinum therapy. BRCA-mutant ovarian cancers are especially sensitive to platinum, associated with better survival, and amenable to poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor treatment. Here, we discuss a therapeutic concept that seeks to disrupt HR capacity via targeting of BRCA1 and BRCA2 functionality in order to reverse platinum resistance in BRCA-proficient high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). We review the molecular signaling pathways that converge on BRCA1 and BRCA2, their activation status in ovarian cancer, and therapeutic options to modulate BRCA function. Several recent publications demonstrate efficient chemosensitization of BRCA-proficient cancers by combining targeted therapy with standard platinum-based agents. Due to its inherent genomic heterogeneity, molecularly defined subgroups of HGSOC may require different approaches. We seek to provide an overview of available agents and their potential use to reverse platinum resistance by inhibiting the HR system, either directly or indirectly, by targeting oncogenic activators of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruprecht Wiedemeyer
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Jessica A Beach
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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84
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Reddy MVR, Akula B, Cosenza SC, Athuluridivakar S, Mallireddigari MR, Pallela VR, Billa VK, Subbaiah DRCV, Bharathi EV, Vasquez-Del Carpio R, Padgaonkar A, Baker SJ, Reddy EP. Discovery of 8-cyclopentyl-2-[4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile (7x) as a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and AMPK-related kinase 5 (ARK5). J Med Chem 2014; 57:578-99. [PMID: 24417566 PMCID: PMC3983396 DOI: 10.1021/jm401073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The success of imatinib, a BCR-ABL inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, has created a great impetus for the development of additional kinase inhibitors as therapeutic agents. However, the complexity of cancer has led to recent interest in polypharmacological approaches for developing multikinase inhibitors with low toxicity profiles. With this goal in mind, we analyzed more than 150 novel cyano pyridopyrimidine compounds and identified structure-activity relationship trends that can be exploited in the design of potent kinase inhibitors. One compound, 8-cyclopentyl-2-[4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile (7x), was found to be the most active, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells at a concentration of approximately 30-100 nM. In vitro kinase profiling revealed that 7x is a multikinase inhibitor with potent inhibitory activity against the CDK4/CYCLIN D1 and ARK5 kinases. Here, we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship, kinase inhibitory profile, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo tumor regression studies by this lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Ramana Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029-6514, United States
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85
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CDK/CK1 inhibitors roscovitine and CR8 downregulate amplified MYCN in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5675-87. [PMID: 24317512 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of action of (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8, two related pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), we applied a variety of '-omics' techniques to the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and IMR32 cell lines: (1) kinase interaction assays, (2) affinity competition on immobilized broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors, (3) affinity chromatography on immobilized (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8, (4) whole genome transcriptomics analysis and specific quantitative PCR studies, (5) global quantitative proteomics approach and western blot analysis of selected proteins. Altogether, the results show that the major direct targets of these two molecules belong to the CDKs (1,2,5,7,9,12), DYRKs, CLKs and CK1s families. By inhibiting CDK7, CDK9 and CDK12, these inhibitors transiently reduce RNA polymerase 2 activity, which results in downregulation of a large set of genes. Global transcriptomics and proteomics analysis converge to a central role of MYC transcription factors downregulation. Indeed, CDK inhibitors trigger rapid and massive downregulation of MYCN expression in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells as well as in nude mice xenografted IMR32 cells. Inhibition of casein kinase 1 may also contribute to the antitumoral activity of (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8. This dual mechanism of action may be crucial in the use of these kinase inhibitors for the treatment of MYC-dependent cancers, in particular neuroblastoma where MYCN amplification is a strong predictor factor for high-risk disease.
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86
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Testing of SNS-032 in a Panel of Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines with Acquired Resistance to a Broad Range of Drugs. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:685-96. [PMID: 24466371 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment options are needed for the successful therapy of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we investigated the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor SNS-032 in a panel of 109 neuroblastoma cell lines consisting of 19 parental cell lines and 90 sublines with acquired resistance to 14 different anticancer drugs. Seventy-three percent of the investigated neuroblastoma cell lines and all four investigated primary tumor samples displayed concentrations that reduce cell viability by 50% in the range of the therapeutic plasma levels reported for SNS-032 (<754 nM). Sixty-two percent of the cell lines and two of the primary samples displayed concentrations that reduce cell viability by 90% in this concentration range. SNS-032 also impaired the growth of the multidrug-resistant cisplatin-adapted UKF-NB-3 subline UKF-NB-3(r)CDDP(1000) in mice. ABCB1 expression (but not ABCG2 expression) conferred resistance to SNS-032. The antineuroblastoma effects of SNS-032 did not depend on functional p53. The antineuroblastoma mechanism of SNS-032 included CDK7 and CDK9 inhibition-mediated suppression of RNA synthesis and subsequent depletion of antiapoptotic proteins with a fast turnover rate including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (BIRC2; cIAP-1), and survivin. In conclusion, CDK7 and CDK9 represent promising drug targets and SNS-032 represents a potential treatment option for neuroblastoma including therapy-refractory cases.
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87
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88
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Deng Y, Shipps GW, Zhao L, Siddiqui MA, Popovici-Muller J, Curran PJ, Duca JS, Hruza AW, Fischmann TO, Madison VS, Zhang R, McNemar CW, Mayhood TW, Syto R, Annis A, Kirschmeier P, Lees EM, Parry DA, Windsor WT. Modulating the interaction between CDK2 and cyclin A with a quinoline-based inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:199-203. [PMID: 24332088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new class of quinoline-based kinase inhibitors has been discovered that both disrupt cyclin dependent 2 (CDK2) interaction with its cyclin A subunit and act as ATP competitive inhibitors. The key strategy for discovering this class of protein-protein disrupter compounds was to screen the monomer CDK2 in an affinity-selection/mass spectrometry-based technique and to perform secondary assays that identified compounds that bound only to the inactive CDK2 monomer and not the active CDK2/cyclin A heterodimer. Through a series of chemical modifications the affinity (Kd) of the original hit improved from 1 to 0.005μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Deng
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
| | - Gerald W Shipps
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Lianyun Zhao
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - M Arshad Siddiqui
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | | | - Patrick J Curran
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Jose S Duca
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Alan W Hruza
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Thierry O Fischmann
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Vincent S Madison
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Charles W McNemar
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Todd W Mayhood
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Rosalinda Syto
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Allen Annis
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Paul Kirschmeier
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Emma M Lees
- Merck Research Laboratories, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - David A Parry
- Merck Research Laboratories, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - William T Windsor
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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89
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New potential antitumor pyrazole derivatives: synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21805-18. [PMID: 24192822 PMCID: PMC3856036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential protein kinase inhibitors in the view to develop specific antitumor therapies. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectral and elemental analyses. The antitumor potential was estimated using wheat seeds and the general toxicity was evaluated by alternative methods, using invertebrate animals. One 3-aminopyrazole derivative emerged as a potential candidate for the development of future cytotoxic compounds.
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90
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Abstract
Abstract As the rational application of targeted therapies in cancer supplants traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, there is an ever-greater need for a thorough understanding of the complex machinery of the cell and an application of this knowledge to the development of novel therapeutics and combinations of agents. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the class of targeted agents known as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, with a focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Flavopiridol (alvocidib) is the best studied of the CDK inhibitors, producing a dramatic cytotoxic effect in vitro and in vivo, with the principal limiting factor of acute tumor lysis. Unfortunately, flavopiridol has a narrow therapeutic window and is relatively non-selective with several off-target (i.e. non-CDK) effects, which prompted development of the second-generation CDK inhibitor dinaciclib. Dinaciclib appears to be both more potent and selective than flavopiridol, with at least an order of magnitude greater therapeutic index, and is currently in phase III clinical trials. In additional to flavopiridol and dinaciclib, we also review the current status of other members of this class, and provide commentary as to the future direction of combination therapy including CDK inhibitors.
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91
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Banfi L, Bagno A, Basso A, De Santis C, Riva R, Rastrelli F. Long-Range Diastereoselectivity in an Ugi Reaction: Stereocontrolled and Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzoxazepines. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bose P, Simmons GL, Grant S. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor therapy for hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:723-38. [PMID: 23647051 PMCID: PMC4039040 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.789859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression. Certain CDKs (e.g., CDK7, CDK9) also control cellular transcription. Consequently, CDKs represent attractive targets for anticancer drug development, as their aberrant expression is common in diverse malignancies, and CDK inhibition can trigger apoptosis. CDK inhibition may be particularly successful in hematologic malignancies, which are more sensitive to inhibition of cell cycling and apoptosis induction. AREAS COVERED A number of CDK inhibitors, ranging from pan-CDK inhibitors such as flavopiridol (alvocidib) to highly selective inhibitors of specific CDKs (e.g., CDK4/6), such as PD0332991, that are currently in various phases of development, are profiled in this review. Flavopiridol induces cell cycle arrest, and globally represses transcription via CDK9 inhibition. The latter may represent its major mechanism of action via down-regulation of multiple short-lived proteins. In early phase trials, flavopiridol has shown encouraging efficacy across a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Early results with dinaciclib and PD0332991 also appear promising. EXPERT OPINION In general, the antitumor efficacy of CDK inhibitor monotherapy is modest, and rational combinations are being explored, including those involving other targeted agents. While selective CDK4/6 inhibition might be effective against certain malignancies, broad-spectrum CDK inhibition will likely be required for most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary L Simmons
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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93
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Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine linked aminobenzothiazole conjugates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3208-15. [PMID: 23623491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine linked 2-aminobenzothizole conjugates (6a-t) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines. Among them two compounds 6p and 6m showed significant anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.01 to 7.07 and 1.94-3.46 μM, respectively. Moreover, cell cycle arrest in G2/M and reduction in Cdk1 expression level were observed upon treatment of these compounds and they also induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. This was further confirmed by staining as well as DNA fragmentation analysis.
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94
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Doak BC, Morton CJ, Simpson JS, Scanlon MJ. Design and Evaluation of the Performance of an NMR Screening Fragment Library. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The design of a suitable library is an essential prerequisite to establish a fragment-based screening capability. Several pharmaceutical companies have described their approaches to establishing fragment libraries; however there are few detailed reports of both design and analysis of performance for a fragment library maintained in an academic setting. Here we report our efforts towards the design of a fragment library for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based screening, demonstrate the performance of the library through analysis of 14 screens, and present a comparison to previously reported fragment libraries.
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95
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Kamal A, Tamboli JR, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Adil SF, Nayak VL, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis and anticancer activity of heteroaromatic linked 4β-amido podophyllotoxins as apoptotic inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012. [PMID: 23182091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of different heteroaromatic linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates (16a-i, 17a-i and 18a-d) were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines. Among the series, one of the compound 17g showed significant antiproliferative activity in A549 (lung cancer) cell line. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 17g arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase leading to caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death. Further, Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA fragmentation assay also suggests that 17g induces cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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96
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Korzeniewski N, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S. The centrosome as potential target for cancer therapy and prevention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 17:43-52. [PMID: 23062185 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.731396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer initiation and propagation is not possible without cell division. Besides microtubules, which are targeted by taxanes as part of a number of standard chemotherapy regimens, mitosis depends on small cellular organelles known as centrosomes. Centrosome abnormalities are a common finding in tumors including major human malignancies such as prostate or breast cancer. Centrosome aberrations can drive chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, thereby promoting malignant progression. Nonetheless, these important cellular structures have not yet been directly exploited for targeted interventions. AREAS COVERED This review will summarize the current knowledge of normal and aberrant centrosome duplication. We will highlight the principal pathways leading to aberrant centrosome numbers and the evidence for a role of centrosome amplification in malignant progression. Strategies to target centrosome-mediated cell division errors will be discussed. Lastly, we will review the evidence for centrosome clustering as a druggable cellular process. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in the understanding of centrosome biogenesis have revealed a number of potential centrosomal drug targets including Polo-like kinases, Cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora kinases, and molecular motor proteins. For some of these proteins, targeted inhibitory compounds are available and in vitro experiments have provided the proof-of-concept that blocking centrosome overduplication can result in a reduction of aneuploid cells. In addition, inhibition of centrosomal clustering has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Nonetheless, further in vitro and preclinical studies are required to determine the most effective way to exploit the centrosome for therapeutic or preventive anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Korzeniewski
- University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Section of Molecular Urooncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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97
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He L, Seitz SP, Trainor GL, Tortolani D, Vaccaro W, Poss M, Tarby CM, Tokarski JS, Penhallow B, Hung CY, Attar R, Lin TA. Modulation of cofilin phosphorylation by inhibition of the Lim family kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5995-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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98
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El-Messery SM, Hassan GS, Al-Omary FA, El-Subbagh HI. Substituted thiazoles VI. Synthesis and antitumor activity of new 2-acetamido- and 2 or 3-propanamido-thiazole analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:615-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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99
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Kamal A, Tamboli JR, Ramaiah MJ, Adil SF, Koteswara Rao G, Viswanath A, Mallareddy A, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Pal-Bhadra M. Anthranilamide-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine conjugates as p53 activators in cervical cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1453-64. [PMID: 22700474 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A library of new anthranilamide-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine conjugates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity in cervical cancer cells such as HeLa and SiHa that possess low levels of p53. All 24 conjugates showed antiproliferative activity, while some of them exhibit significant cytotoxicity. In assays related to cell-cycle distribution, these conjugates induced G(2) /M arrest in HeLa cells and G(1) cell-cycle arrest in SiHa cells. Immunocytochemistry assays revealed that these compounds cause nuclear translocation of p53, thereby indicating the activation of p53. In cervical cancer cells, the p53 protein is degraded by E6 oncoprotein. Immunoblot and RT-PCR analyses proved the presence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with involvement p53 target genes such as BAX, Bcl2, and p21 (CDKI). Moreover, these compounds increased the phosphorylated forms of p53 and provide signals for apoptosis induction. Interestingly, one of the conjugates, (2-phenyl-7-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)(4-(2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone, is the most promising candidate in this series and has the potential to be taken up for further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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100
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Wu Y, Chen C, Sun X, Shi X, Jin B, Ding K, Yeung SCJ, Pan J. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7/9 inhibitor SNS-032 abrogates FIP1-like-1 platelet-derived growth factor receptor α and bcr-abl oncogene addiction in malignant hematologic cells. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:1966-78. [PMID: 22447844 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The "gate-keeper" mutations T674I platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) in hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and T315I Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are resistant to imatinib and the second-generation small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, to combat acquired resistance to imatinib, an alternative approach is to decrease the expression of the addicted gene to efficiently kill resistant malignant hematologic cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strategy of shutting down the transcription and expression of FIP1-like-1 (FIP1L1)-PDGFRα and Bcr-Abl with SNS-032, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) and CDK9 in phase I clinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of SNS-032 on PDGFRα and Bcr-Abl signaling pathways, apoptosis, and cell cycling were analyzed in TKI-resistant cells of HES and CML. The in vivo antitumor activity of SNS-032 was assessed with xenografted BaF3-T674I FIP1L1-PDGFRα and KBM5-T315I Bcr-Abl cells in nude mouse models. RESULTS SNS-032 inhibited the phosphorylation on Ser5 and Ser2 of RNA polymerase II. SNS-032 decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of FIP1L1-PDGFRα and Bcr-Abl and inhibited the proliferation of malignant cells expressing FIP1L1-PDGFRα or Bcr-Abl. It also decreased the phosphorylation of downstream molecules. It induced apoptosis by triggering both the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. CONCLUSIONS This CDK7/9 inhibitor potently inhibits FIP1L1-PDGFRα-positive HES cells and Bcr-Abl-positive CML cells regardless of their sensitivity to imatinib. SNS-032 may have potential in treating hematologic malignancy by abrogating oncogene addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510089, PR China
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