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Yu Y, Deng H, Wang W, Xiao S, Zheng R, Lv L, Wang H, Chen J, Zhang B. LRPPRC promotes glycolysis by stabilising LDHA mRNA and its knockdown plus glutamine inhibitor induces synthetic lethality via m 6 A modification in triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1583. [PMID: 38372449 PMCID: PMC10875709 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenge. N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, and it regulates the homeostasis and function of modified RNA transcripts in cancer. However, the role of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein (LRPPRC) as an m6 A reader in TNBC remains poorly understood. METHODS Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate LRPPRC expression levels. Dot blotting and colorimetric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to detect m6 A levels. In vitro functional assays and in vivo xenograft mouse model were utilised to examine the role of LRPPRC in TNBC progression. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and Seahorse assays were conducted to verify the effect of LRPPRC on glycolysis. MeRIP-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, MeRIP assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, RNA pull-down assays and RNA stability assays were used to identify the target genes of LRPPRC. Patient-derived xenografts and organoids were employed to substantiate the synthetic lethality induced by LRPPRC knockdown plus glutaminase inhibition. RESULTS The expressions of LRPPRC and m6 A RNA were elevated in TNBC, and the m6 A modification site could be recognised by LRPPRC. LRPPRC promoted the proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis of TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. We identified lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) as a novel direct target of LRPPRC, which recognised the m6 A site of LDHA mRNA and enhanced the stability of LDHA mRNA to promote glycolysis. Furthermore, while LRPPRC knockdown reduced glycolysis, glutaminolysis was enhanced. Moreover, the effect of LRPPRC on WD40 repeat domain-containing protein 76 (WDR76) mRNA stability was impaired in an m6 A-dependent manner. Then, LRPPRC knockdown plus a glutaminase inhibition led to synthetic lethality. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that LRPPRC promoted TNBC progression by regulating metabolic reprogramming via m6 A modification. These characteristics shed light on the novel combination targeted therapy strategies to combat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Huifang Deng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shihan Xiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Renjing Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lianqiu Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianying Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Gong X, Du J, Peng RW, Chen C, Yang Z. CRISPRing KRAS: A Winding Road with a Bright Future in Basic and Translational Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38275900 PMCID: PMC10814442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Once considered "undruggable" due to the strong affinity of RAS proteins for GTP and the structural lack of a hydrophobic "pocket" for drug binding, the development of proprietary therapies for KRAS-mutant tumors has long been a challenging area of research. CRISPR technology, the most successful gene-editing tool to date, is increasingly being utilized in cancer research. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the application of the CRISPR system in basic and translational research in KRAS-mutant cancer, summarizing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of KRAS biology and the underlying principles of drug resistance, anti-tumor immunity, epigenetic regulatory networks, and synthetic lethality co-opted by mutant KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianting Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China; (X.G.); (J.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Wang Q, Chao Y, Chen Y, Zheng W, Demanelis K, Liu Y, Connelly J, Wang H. Synthetic lethal combination of CHK1 and WEE1 inhibition for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3564450. [PMID: 37987002 PMCID: PMC10659531 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3564450/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
WEE1 and CHEK1 (CHK1) kinases are critical regulators of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage response pathways. The WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 and the CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 are in clinical trials for various cancers, but have not been examined in prostate cancer, particularly castration-resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPC). Our data demonstrated elevated WEE1 and CHK1 expressions in CRPC/NEPC cell lines and patient samples. AZD1775 resulted in rapid and potent cell killing with comparable IC50s across different prostate cancer cell lines, while SRA737 displayed time-dependent progressive cell killing with 10- to 20-fold differences in IC50s. Notably, their combination synergistically reduced the viability of all CRPC cell lines and tumor spheroids in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, in a transgenic mouse model of NEPC, both agents alone or in combination suppressed tumor growth, improved overall survival, and reduced the incidence of distant metastases, with SRA737 exhibiting remarkable single agent anticancer activity. Mechanistically, SRA737 synergized with AZD1775 by blocking AZD1775-induced feedback activation of CHK1 in prostate cancer cells, resulting in increased mitotic entry and accumulation of DNA damage. In summary, this preclinical study shows that CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 alone and its combination with AZD1775 offer potential effective treatments for CRPC and NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Liu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | | | - Hong Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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Castro MP, Sipos B, Biskup S, Kahn N. Network-targeting combination therapy of leptomeningeal glioblastoma using multiple synthetic lethal strategies: a case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210224. [PMID: 38023264 PMCID: PMC10644375 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Network targeting of disease-specific nodes represents a useful principle for designing combination cancer therapy. In this case of a patient with relapsed leptomeningeal glioblastoma, comprehensive molecular diagnosis led to the identification of a disease network characterized by multiple disease-specific synthetic lethal vulnerabilities involving DNA repair, REDOX homeostasis, and impaired autophagy which suggested a novel network-targeting combination therapy (NTCT). A treatment regimen consisting of lomustine, olaparib, digoxin, metformin, and high dose intravenous ascorbate was employed using the principle of intra-patient dose escalation to deliver the treatment with adequate safety measures to achieve a definitive clinical result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Castro
- Personalized Cancer Medicine, PLLC, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Beverly Hills Cancer Center, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
- Cellworks Group, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology, Molekularpathologie Baden-Württemberg GbR, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Center for Genomics & Transcriptomics, GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nina Kahn
- Independent Researcher, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Das S, Forrest J, Kuzminov A. Synthetic lethal mutants in Escherichia coli define pathways necessary for survival with RNase H deficiency. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0028023. [PMID: 37819120 PMCID: PMC10601623 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00280-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotides frequently contaminate DNA and, if not removed, cause genomic instability. Consequently, all organisms are equipped with RNase H enzymes to remove RNA-DNA hybrids (RDHs). Escherichia coli lacking RNase HI (rnhA) and RNase HII (rnhB) enzymes, the ∆rnhA ∆rnhB double mutant, accumulates RDHs in its DNA. These RDHs can convert into RNA-containing DNA lesions (R-lesions) of unclear nature that compromise genomic stability. The ∆rnhAB double mutant has severe phenotypes, like growth inhibition, replication stress, sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, SOS induction, increased chromosomal fragmentation, and defects in nucleoid organization. In this study, we found that RNase HI deficiency also alters wild-type levels of DNA supercoiling. Despite these severe chromosomal complications, ∆rnhAB double mutant survives, suggesting that dedicated pathways operate to avoid or repair R-lesions. To identify these pathways, we systematically searched for mutants synthetic lethal (colethal) with the rnhAB defect using an unbiased color screen and a candidate gene approach. We identified both novel and previously reported rnhAB-colethal and -coinhibited mutants, characterized them, and sorted them into avoidance or repair pathways. These mutants operate in various parts of nucleic acid metabolism, including replication fork progression, R-loop prevention and removal, nucleoid organization, tRNA modification, recombinational repair, and chromosome-dimer resolution, demonstrating the pleiotropic nature of RNase H deficiency. IMPORTANCE Ribonucleotides (rNs) are structurally very similar to deoxyribonucleotides. Consequently, rN contamination of DNA is common and pervasive across all domains of life. Failure to remove rNs from DNA has severe consequences, and all organisms are equipped with RNase H enzymes to remove RNA-DNA hybrids. RNase H deficiency leads to complications in bacteria, yeast, and mouse, and diseases like progressive external ophthalmoplegia (mitochondrial defects in RNASEH1) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (defects in RNASEH2) in humans. Escherichia coli ∆rnhAB mutant, deficient in RNases H, has severe chromosomal complications. Despite substantial problems, nearly half of the mutant population survives. We have identified novel and previously confirmed pathways in various parts of nucleic acid metabolism that ensure survival with RNase H deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Forrest
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrei Kuzminov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Zheng C, Zhang B, Li Y, Liu K, Wei W, Liang S, Guo H, Ma K, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu L. Donafenib and GSK-J4 Synergistically Induce Ferroptosis in Liver Cancer by Upregulating HMOX1 Expression. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2206798. [PMID: 37330650 PMCID: PMC10401117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Donafenib is a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC, but its clinical effect is very limited. Here, through integrated screening of a small-molecule inhibitor library and a druggable CRISPR library, that GSK-J4 is synthetically lethal with donafenib in liver cancer is shown. This synergistic lethality is validated in multiple HCC models, including xenograft, orthotopically induced HCC, patient-derived xenograft, and organoid models. Furthermore, co-treatment with donafenib and GSK-J4 resulted in cell death mainly via ferroptosis. Mechanistically, through integrated RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) analyses, that donafenib and GSK-J4 synergistically promoted the expression of HMOX1 and increased the intracellular Fe2+ level is found, eventually leading to ferroptosis. Additionally, through cleavage under targets & tagmentation followed by sequencing (CUT&Tag-seq), it is found that the enhancer regions upstream of HMOX1 promoter significantly increased under donafenib and GSK-J4 co-treatment. A chromosome conformation capture assay confirmed that the increased expression of HMOX1 is caused by the significantly enhanced interaction between the promoter and upstream enhancer under dual-drug combination. Taken together, this study elucidates a new synergistic lethal interaction in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150007, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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Hao S, Tong J, Jha A, Risnik D, Lizardo D, Lu X, Goel A, Opresko PL, Yu J, Zhang L. Synthetical lethality of Werner helicase and mismatch repair deficiency is mediated by p53 and PUMA in colon cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211775119. [PMID: 36508676 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211775119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a powerful approach for targeting oncogenic drivers in cancer. Recent studies revealed that cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI) require Werner (WRN) helicase for survival; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that WRN depletion strongly induced p53 and its downstream apoptotic target PUMA in MSI colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. p53 or PUMA deletion abolished apoptosis induced by WRN depletion in MSI CRC cells. Importantly, correction of MSI abrogated the activation of p53/PUMA and cell killing, while induction of MSI led to sensitivity in isogenic CRC cells. Rare p53-mutant MSI CRC cells are resistant to WRN depletion due to lack of PUMA induction, which could be restored by wildtype (WT) p53 knock in or reconstitution. WRN depletion or treatment with the RecQ helicase inhibitor ML216 suppressed in vitro and in vivo growth of MSI CRCs in a p53/PUMA-dependent manner. ML216 treatment was efficacious in MSI CRC patient-derived xenografts. Interestingly, p53 gene remains WT in the majority of MSI CRCs. These results indicate a critical role of p53/PUMA-mediated apoptosis in the vulnerability of MSI CRCs to WRN loss, and support WRN as a promising therapeutic target in p53-WT MSI CRCs.
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Lai Y, Li Z, Lu Z, Zheng H, Chen C, Liu C, Yang Y, Tang F, He Z. Roles of DNA damage repair and precise targeted therapy in renal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 48:213. [PMID: 36263616 PMCID: PMC9608312 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include clear cell, papillary and chromophobe RCC. RCC occurs often due to loss of von Hippel‑Lindau (VHL) and accumulation of lipids and glycogen, and RCC cells may exhibit sensitivity to the disruption of normal metabolism or homologous recombination gene defect. Although the application of molecular‑targeted drugs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors has been recommended for the treatment of advanced RCC, more targets of DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling pathway involved in the synthetic lethal effect have been investigated. However, although achievements has been made in the exploration of the roles of DDR genes on RCC progression, their association has not been systematically summarized. Poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 inhibitors are used in tumors with BRCA1/2 DNA repair‑associated mutations. PARP family enzymes perform post‑translational modification functions and participate in DDR and cell death. Inhibitors of PARP, ataxia telangiectasia mutant gene and polymerase θ serve key roles in the treatment of specific RCC subtypes. PARP1 may serve as an important biological marker to predict the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors and evaluate the prognosis of patients with ccRCC with polybromo 1 mutation. Therefore, the roles of DDR pathway on RCC progression or treatment may hold promises for the treatment of certain specific types of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhibiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zechao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Chiheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Fucai Tang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
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Guo M, Wang SM. The BRCAness Landscape of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36497135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCAness refers to the damaged homologous recombination (HR) function due to the defects in HR-involved non-BRCA1/2 genes. BRCAness is the important marker for the use of synthetic lethal-based PARP inhibitor therapy in breast and ovarian cancer treatment. The success provides an opportunity of applying PARP inhibitor therapy to treat other cancer types with BRCAness features. However, systematic knowledge is lack for BRCAness in different cancer types beyond breast and ovarian cancer. We performed a comprehensive characterization for 40 BRCAness-related genes in 33 cancer types with over 10,000 cancer cases, including pathogenic variation, homozygotic deletion, promoter hypermethylation, gene expression, and clinical correlation of BRCAness in each cancer type. Using BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated breast and ovarian cancer as the control, we observed that BRCAness is widely present in multiple cancer types. Based on the sum of the BRCAneass features in each cancer type, we identified the following 21 cancer types as the potential targets for PARPi therapy: adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, head and neck squamous carcinoma, kidney chromophobe, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, rectum adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma.
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Baird L, Kensler TW, Yamamoto M. Novel NRF2-activated cancer treatments utilizing synthetic lethality. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1209-1231. [PMID: 36200139 PMCID: PMC10092255 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 pathway regulates the main inducible cellular response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Activating mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway occur commonly in human cancer, where they contribute to the formation of aggressive tumours that are associated with a poor prognosis for patients. An important clinical feature of these tumours is their defiance to all current anti-cancer treatment regimens, highlighting the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies to target NRF2-activated cancers. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which acquired NRF2 hyperactivation can result in resistance of tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in addition to classical chemotherapeutics, and propose with examples that using a synthetic lethal strategy mediated by NRF2-target gene-dependent bioactivation of prodrugs represents a promising strategy to specifically enhance toxicity to heretofore untreatable NRF2-hyperactivated human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Baird
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Zhou J, Sturtevant D, Biyani N, Bhatia K, Dave S. MCL-319 LP-284 - A Highly Potent Small Molecule Targeting Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2022; 22 Suppl 2:S396. [PMID: 36164123 DOI: 10.1016/S2152-2650(22)01571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Approximately 40%-50% of MCL patients carry inactivating mutations in the gene ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a core component of the cell's DNA damage response system. MCL cells with mutations in ATM are known to have increased chromosomal imbalance, copy number loss, and hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. LP-184, a small-molecule DNA-damaging agent, is known to be synthetically lethal in tumors with DNA-repair deficiencies, including tumors with ATM mutations. However, DNA damage by LP-184 is dependent on activation by the oxidoreductase prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), which is expressed at low levels in many hematological cancers. We synthesized LP-284, an enantiomer of LP-184, which retains synthetic lethality in cancers with impaired DNA damage repair pathway genes (e.g., ERCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, ERCC6), but LP-284's activity is independent of PTGR1 expression. We demonstrated that LP-284 has enhanced tumoricidal activity in multiple hematological cancer cell lines using a B-cell NHL panel. The IC50 values for all 6 MCL cell lines treated with LP-284 were among the lowest for all hematological cell lines tested with LP-284. These MCL cell lines included cell lines resistant to ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, venetoclax, and bortezomib. Additionally, among the 6 MCL cell lines tested, the 3 cell lines with mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) or homologous recombination (HR) DNA damage repair pathways had lower LP-284 IC50 values than the 3 cell lines without NER or HR mutations. Because ATM orchestrates the activities of the NER and HR pathways, MCL patients with ATM deficiencies are likely to have better responses to LP-284 treatment. Collectively, these data indicate that LP-284 is a promising preclinical DNA-damaging agent that possesses nanomolar-range anti-tumor activities in multiple and diverse MCL cell lines, with the potential to treat MCL patients who are resistant to other therapies.
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Cong K, Peng M, Kousholt AN, Lee WTC, Lee S, Nayak S, Krais J, VanderVere-Carozza PS, Pawelczak KS, Calvo J, Panzarino NJ, Turchi JJ, Johnson N, Jonkers J, Rothenberg E, Cantor SB. Replication gaps are a key determinant of PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality with BRCA deficiency. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3128-3144.e7. [PMID: 34216544 PMCID: PMC9089372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) is synthetic lethal with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Lethality is thought to derive from DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) necessitating BRCA function in homologous recombination (HR) and/or fork protection (FP). Here, we report instead that toxicity derives from replication gaps. BRCA1- or FANCJ-deficient cells, with common repair defects but distinct PARPi responses, reveal gaps as a distinguishing factor. We further uncouple HR, FP, and fork speed from PARPi response. Instead, gaps characterize BRCA-deficient cells, are diminished upon resistance, restored upon resensitization, and, when exposed, augment PARPi toxicity. Unchallenged BRCA1-deficient cells have elevated poly(ADP-ribose) and chromatin-associated PARP1, but aberrantly low XRCC1 consistent with defects in backup Okazaki fragment processing (OFP). 53BP1 loss resuscitates OFP by restoring XRCC1-LIG3 that suppresses the sensitivity of BRCA1-deficient cells to drugs targeting OFP or generating gaps. We highlight gaps as a determinant of PARPi toxicity changing the paradigm for synthetic lethal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cong
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arne Nedergaard Kousholt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Ting C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Silviana Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Krais
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Calvo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas J Panzarino
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John J Turchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; NERx Biosciences, 212 W. 10th St., Suite A480, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Neil Johnson
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Abstract
The cohesin complex is crucial for mediating sister chromatid cohesion and for hierarchal three-dimensional organization of the genome. Mutations in cohesin genes are present in a range of cancers. Extensive research over the last few years has shown that cohesin mutations are key events that contribute to neoplastic transformation. Cohesin is involved in a range of cellular processes; therefore, the impact of cohesin mutations in cancer is complex and can be cell context dependent. Candidate targets with therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells are emerging from functional studies. Here, we review emerging targets and pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Tseng WC, Chen CY, Chern CY, Wang CA, Lee WC, Chi YC, Cheng SF, Kuo YT, Chiu YC, Tseng ST, Lin PY, Liou SJ, Li YC, Chen CC. Targeting HR Repair as a Synthetic Lethal Approach to Increase DNA Damage Sensitivity by a RAD52 Inhibitor in BRCA2-Deficient Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4422. [PMID: 33922657 PMCID: PMC8122931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA mutation, one of the most common types of mutations in breast and ovarian cancer, has been suggested to be synthetically lethal with depletion of RAD52. Pharmacologically inhibiting RAD52 specifically eradicates BRCA-deficient cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that curcumin, a plant polyphenol, sensitizes BRCA2-deficient cells to CPT-11 by impairing RAD52 recombinase in MCF7 cells. More specifically, in MCF7-siBRCA2 cells, curcumin reduced homologous recombination, resulting in tumor growth suppression. Furthermore, a BRCA2-deficient cell line, Capan1, became resistant to CPT-11 when BRCA2 was reintroduced. In vivo, xenograft model studies showed that curcumin combined with CPT-11 reduced the growth of BRCA2-knockout MCF7 tumors but not MCF7 tumors. In conclusion, our data indicate that curcumin, which has RAD52 inhibitor activity, is a promising candidate for sensitizing BRCA2-deficient cells to DNA damage-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Che Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Chu-An Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ying-Chih Chi
- Cryo-EM Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Yi-Tsen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Ya-Chen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shih-Ting Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Pei-Ya Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Shou-Jhen Liou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (S.-F.C.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.-T.T.); (P.-Y.L.); (S.-J.L.)
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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15
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Chen A, Wen S, Liu F, Zhang Z, Liu M, Wu Y, He B, Yan M, Kang T, Lam EWF, Wang Z, Liu Q. CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies a kinetochore-microtubule dependent mechanism for Aurora-A inhibitor resistance in breast cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:121-139. [PMID: 33471959 PMCID: PMC7896750 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of Aurora‐A (AURKA) is a feature of breast cancer and associates with adverse prognosis. The selective Aurora‐A inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) has recently demonstrated promising antitumor responses as a single agent in various cancer types but its phase III clinical trial was reported as a failure since MLN8237 did not show an apparent effect in prolonging the survival of patients. Thus, identification of potential targets that could enhance the activity of MLN8237 would provide a rationale for drug combination to achieve better therapeutic outcome. Methods Here, we conducted a systematic synthetic lethality CRISPR/Cas9 screening of 507 kinases using MLN8237 in breast cancer cells and identified a number of targetable kinases that displayed synthetic lethality interactions with MLN8237. Then, we performed competitive growth assays, colony formation assays, cell viability assays, apoptosis assays, and xenograft murine model to evaluate the synergistic therapeutic effects of Haspin (GSG2) depletion or inhibition with MLN8237. For mechanistic studies, immunofluorescence was used to detect the state of microtubules and the localization of Aurora‐B and mitotic centromere‐associated kinesin (MCAK). Results Among the hits, we observed that Haspin depletion or inhibition marginally inhibited breast cancer cell growth but could substantially enhance the killing effects of MLN8237. Mechanistic studies showed that co‐treatment with Aurora‐A and Haspin inhibitors abolished the recruitment of Aurora‐B and mitotic centromere‐associated kinesin (MCAK) to centromeres which were associated with excessive microtubule depolymerization, kinetochore‐microtubule (KT‐MT) attachment failure, and severe mitotic catastrophe. We further showed that the combination of MLN8237 and the Haspin inhibitor CHR‐6494 synergistically reduced breast cancer cell viability and significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. Conclusions These findings establish Haspin as a synthetic lethal target and demonstrate CHR‐6494 as a potential combinational drug for promoting the therapeutic effects of MLN8237 on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, P. R. China
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16
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Shah PA, Huang C, Li Q, Kazi SA, Byers LA, Wang J, Johnson FM, Frederick MJ. NOTCH1 Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122677. [PMID: 33322834 PMCID: PMC7764697 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker-driven targeted therapies are lacking for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is common and lethal. Efforts to develop such therapies are hindered by a genomic landscape dominated by the loss of tumor suppressor function, including NOTCH1 that is frequently mutated in HNSCC. Clearer understanding of NOTCH1 signaling in HNSCCs is crucial to clinically targeting this pathway. Structural characterization of NOTCH1 mutations in HNSCC demonstrates that most are predicted to cause loss of function, in agreement with NOTCH1's role as a tumor suppressor in this cancer. Experimental manipulation of NOTCH1 signaling in HNSCC cell lines harboring either mutant or wild-type NOTCH1 further supports a tumor suppressor function. Additionally, the loss of NOTCH1 signaling can drive HNSCC tumorigenesis and clinical aggressiveness. Our recent data suggest that NOTCH1 controls genes involved in early differentiation that could have different phenotypic consequences depending on the cancer's genetic background, including acquisition of pseudo-stem cell-like properties. The presence of NOTCH1 mutations may predict response to treatment with an immune checkpoint or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. The latter is being tested in a clinical trial, and if validated, it may lead to the development of the first biomarker-driven targeted therapy for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja A. Shah
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Chenfei Huang
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.H.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Qiuli Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Sawad A. Kazi
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Faye M. Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713–792-6363; Fax: +1-713-792-1220
| | - Mitchell J. Frederick
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.H.); (M.J.F.)
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Chin CV, Antony J, Ketharnathan S, Labudina A, Gimenez G, Parsons KM, He J, George AJ, Pallotta MM, Musio A, Braithwaite A, Guilford P, Hannan RD, Horsfield JA. Cohesin mutations are synthetic lethal with stimulation of WNT signaling. eLife 2020; 9:e61405. [PMID: 33284104 PMCID: PMC7746233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the cohesin complex are common in several cancers, but may also expose druggable vulnerabilities. We generated isogenic MCF10A cell lines with deletion mutations of genes encoding cohesin subunits SMC3, RAD21, and STAG2 and screened for synthetic lethality with 3009 FDA-approved compounds. The screen identified several compounds that interfere with transcription, DNA damage repair and the cell cycle. Unexpectedly, one of the top 'hits' was a GSK3 inhibitor, an agonist of Wnt signaling. We show that sensitivity to GSK3 inhibition is likely due to stabilization of β-catenin in cohesin-mutant cells, and that Wnt-responsive gene expression is highly sensitized in STAG2-mutant CMK leukemia cells. Moreover, Wnt activity is enhanced in zebrafish mutant for cohesin subunits stag2b and rad21. Our results suggest that cohesin mutations could progress oncogenesis by enhancing Wnt signaling, and that targeting the Wnt pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cohesin-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Sarada Ketharnathan
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Anastasia Labudina
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Kate M Parsons
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Jinshu He
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Amee J George
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Maria Michela Pallotta
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Parry Guilford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ross D Hannan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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Baird L, Suzuki T, Takahashi Y, Hishinuma E, Saigusa D, Yamamoto M. Geldanamycin-Derived HSP90 Inhibitors Are Synthetic Lethal with NRF2. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00377-20. [PMID: 32868290 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00377-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in KEAP1-NRF2 are frequently found in tumors of the lung, esophagus, and liver, where they are associated with aggressive growth, resistance to cancer therapies, and low overall survival. Despite the fact that NRF2 is a validated driver of tumorigenesis and chemotherapeutic resistance, there are currently no approved drugs which can inhibit its activity. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to identify NRF2-selective cancer therapies. To this end, we developed a novel synthetic lethal assay, based on fluorescently labeled isogenic wild-type and Keap1 knockout cell lines, in order to screen for compounds which selectively kill cells in an NRF2-dependent manner. Through this approach, we identified three compounds based on the geldanamycin scaffold which display synthetic lethality with NRF2. Mechanistically, we show that products of NRF2 target genes metabolize the quinone-containing geldanamycin compounds into more potent HSP90 inhibitors, which enhances their cytotoxicity while simultaneously restricting the synthetic lethal effect to cells with aberrant NRF2 activity. As all three of the geldanamycin-derived compounds have been used in clinical trials, they represent ideal candidates for drug repositioning to target the currently untreatable NRF2 activity in cancer.
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Sulahian R, Kwon JJ, Walsh KH, Pailler E, Bosse TL, Thaker M, Almanza D, Dempster JM, Pan J, Piccioni F, Dumont N, Gonzalez A, Rennhack J, Nabet B, Bachman JA, Goodale A, Lee Y, Bagul M, Liao R, Navarro A, Yuan TL, Ng RWS, Raghavan S, Gray NS, Tsherniak A, Vazquez F, Root DE, Firestone AJ, Settleman J, Hahn WC, Aguirre AJ. Synthetic Lethal Interaction of SHOC2 Depletion with MEK Inhibition in RAS-Driven Cancers. Cell Rep 2020; 29:118-134.e8. [PMID: 31577942 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a critical effector of oncogenic RAS signaling, and MAPK pathway inhibition may be an effective combination treatment strategy. We performed genome-scale loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 screens in the presence of a MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi) in KRAS-mutant pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines and identified genes that cooperate with MEK inhibition. While we observed heterogeneity in genetic modifiers of MEKi sensitivity across cell lines, several recurrent classes of synthetic lethal vulnerabilities emerged at the pathway level. Multiple members of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-RAS-MAPK pathways scored as sensitizers to MEKi. In particular, we demonstrate that knockout, suppression, or degradation of SHOC2, a positive regulator of MAPK signaling, specifically cooperated with MEK inhibition to impair proliferation in RAS-driven cancer cells. The depletion of SHOC2 disrupted survival pathways triggered by feedback RTK signaling in response to MEK inhibition. Thus, these findings nominate SHOC2 as a potential target for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sulahian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Emma Pailler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy L Bosse
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maneesha Thaker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Diego Almanza
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Nancy Dumont
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A Bachman
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rosy Liao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adrija Navarro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tina L Yuan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raymond W S Ng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Srivatsan Raghavan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jeff Settleman
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, MA.
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, MA.
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20
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Wang Y, Zuo M, Jin H, Lai M, Luo J, Cheng Z. Inhibition of ELF3 confers synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:304-311. [PMID: 32814472 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1808676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E74 Like ETS Transcription Factor 3 (ELF3) functions as a transcriptional factor to regulate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differentiation and progression. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors demonstrate anti-tumor effect in NSCLC. This study aimed to investigate whether ELF3 confers synthetic lethal with PARP inhibitor in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sensitivity of PARP inhibitor, Olaparib, to different NSCLC cell lines was determined by half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Expression of ELF3 in NSCLC cell lines was evaluated by western blot. The effects of ELF3 on cytotoxicity of Olaparib to NSCLC were investigated by MTT (3-(4,5- di methyl thiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) and colony formation assays. The underlying mechanism involved in synthetic lethality with ELF3 and PARP inhibitors in NSCLC were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS ELF3 was up-regulated in NSCLC cell lines exhibiting resistance to PARP inhibitor, Olaparib. Knock down of ELF3 decreased the sensitivity and enhanced cytotoxicity of Olaparib to NSCLC cells. Moreover, knock down of ELF3 increased S139 phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), and inhibited homologous recombination activity via down-regulation of DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1 (RAD51), thus showing deficiency in DNA damage repair. Over-expression of ELF3 could up-regulate phosphorylation of AKT (Protein kinase B), while knock down of ELF3 regulated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair via down-regulation of phosphorylation of AKT. CONCLUSION Knock down of ELF3 revealed homologous recombination deficiency via AKT signaling pathway, and synthetic lethality with ELF3 inhibition and PARP inhibitor indicated the clinical significance of PARP inhibitor in ELF3-deficient NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meina Lai
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Abstract
Break-induced replication is a specific type of DNA repair that has a co-opted role in telomere extension by telomerase-negative cancer cells. This Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (or ‘ALT’) is required for viability in approximately 10% of all carcinomas, but up to 50% of the soft-tissue derived sarcomas. In several recent studies, we and others demonstrate that expression and activity of FANCM, a DNA translocase protein, is essential for the viability of ALT-associated cancers. Here we provide a summary of how and why FANCM depletion leads to deletion of ALT-controlled cancers, predominantly through a hyper-activation of break-induced replication. We also discuss how FANCM can and has been targeted in cancer cell killing, including potential opportunities in ALT and other genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne J O'Rourke
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, (St Vincent's) University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Elyse A Dunn
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, (St Vincent's) University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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22
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Sato M. Phenotypic screening using large-scale genomic libraries to identify drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3617-3626. [PMID: 32391087 PMCID: PMC7204489 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During malignant progression to overt cancer cells, normal cells accumulate multiple genetic and non-genetic changes, which result in the acquisition of various oncogenic properties, such as uncontrolled proliferation, drug resistance, invasiveness, anoikis-resistance, the ability to bypass oncogene-induced senescence and cancer stemness. To identify potential novel drug targets contributing to these malignant phenotypes, researchers have performed large-scale genomic screening using various in vitro and in vivo screening models and identified numerous promising cancer drug target genes. However, there are issues with these identified genes, such as low reproducibility between different datasets. In the present study, the recent advances in the functional screening for identification of cancer drug target genes are summarized, and current issues and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
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23
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Guo J, Chaney KE, Choi K, Witek G, Patel AV, Xie H, Lin D, Whig K, Xiong Y, Schultz DC, Ratner N, Field J. Polo-like kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) and schwannomas. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:856-869. [PMID: 32266095 PMCID: PMC7136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are two dominantly inherited disorders that cause tumors in Schwann cells. NF1 patients have a high risk for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), which are often inoperable and do not respond well to current chemotherapies or radiation. NF2 patients have a high risk for schwannomas. To identify potential therapeutic targets in these two tumors, we screened the NF1 MPNST cell line, ST88-14, and the NF2 schwannoma cell line, HEI-193, against ~2000 drugs of known mechanisms of action (including ~600 cancer relevant drugs), and also screened the cell lines against an siRNA library targeting most protein kinases. Both the drug screen and the siRNA screen identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) among the most potent hits in both cell lines. Since PLK1 acts on the cell cycle primarily at the G2/M transition, the same stage where aurora kinase (AURKA) acts, we explored PLK1 and its relationship to aurora kinase in MPNST. Quantitative profiling of PLK1 inhibitors against a panel of 10 neurofibromatosis cell lines found that they were potent inhibitors and, unlike AURKA inhibitors, were not more selective for NF1 over NF2 tumor cells. Furthermore, one PLK1 inhibitor, BI6727 stabilized tumor volume in MPNST xenografts. We conclude that PLK1 is a therapeutic target for MPNSTs and schwannomas, but inhibitors may have a narrow therapeutic index that limits their use as a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianman Guo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Katherine E Chaney
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gabriela Witek
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ami V Patel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danny Lin
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanupriya Whig
- High Throughput Screening Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yao Xiong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High Throughput Screening Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA
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24
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Abstract
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter- and intra-cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival, and differentiation. The MAPK pathway also integrates signals from complex intracellular networks in performing cellular functions. Despite the initial discovery of the core elements of the MAPK pathways nearly four decades ago, additional findings continue to make a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this pathway challenging. Considerable effort has been focused on the regulation of RAF, especially after the discovery of drug resistance and paradoxical activation upon inhibitor binding to the kinase. RAF activity is regulated by phosphorylation and conformation-dependent regulation, including auto-inhibition and dimerization. In this review, we summarize the recent major findings in the study of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade, particularly with respect to the impact on clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Degirmenci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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25
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Takai A, Dang H, Oishi N, Khatib S, Martin SP, Dominguez DA, Luo J, Bagni R, Wu X, Powell K, Ye QH, Jia HL, Qin LX, Chen J, Mitchell GA, Luo X, Thorgeirsson SS, Wang XW. Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies PMPCB as a Therapeutic Vulnerability in EpCAM + Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2379-2391. [PMID: 30862714 PMCID: PMC6497533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease for which a dominant actionable molecular driver has not been identified. Patients with the stem cell-like EpCAM+AFP+ HCC subtype have poor prognosis. Here, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify genes with a synthetic lethal interaction with EpCAM as a potential therapeutic target for the EpCAM+AFP+ HCC subtype. We identified 26 candidate genes linked to EpCAM/Wnt/β-catenin signaling and HCC cell growth. We further characterized the top candidate PMPCB, which plays a role in mitochondrial protein processing, as a bona fide target for EpCAM+ HCC. PMPCB blockage suppressed EpCAM expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via mitochondria-related reactive oxygen species production and FOXO activities, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. These results indicate that a synthetic lethality screen is a viable strategy to identify actionable drivers of HCC and identify PMPCB as a therapeutically vulnerable gene in EpCAM+ HCC subpopulations. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies PMPCB as critical to mitochondrial homeostasis and a synthetic lethal candidate that selectively kills highly resistant EpCAM+ HCC tumors by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Subreen Khatib
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sean P Martin
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dana A Dominguez
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Bagni
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katie Powell
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Jinqiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gary A Mitchell
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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26
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Oser MG, Fonseca R, Chakraborty AA, Brough R, Spektor A, Jennings RB, Flaifel A, Novak JS, Gulati A, Buss E, Younger ST, McBrayer SK, Cowley GS, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Brulle-Soumare L, Taylor P, Cairo S, Ryan CJ, Pease EJ, Maratea K, Travers J, Root DE, Signoretti S, Pellman D, Ashton S, Lord CJ, Barry ST, Kaelin WG. Cells Lacking the RB1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Are Hyperdependent on Aurora B Kinase for Survival. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:230-247. [PMID: 30373918 PMCID: PMC6368871 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers and is almost always linked to inactivating RB1 and TP53 mutations. SCLC frequently responds, albeit briefly, to chemotherapy. The canonical function of the RB1 gene product RB1 is to repress the E2F transcription factor family. RB1 also plays both E2F-dependent and E2F-independent mitotic roles. We performed a synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an RB1 -/- SCLC cell line that conditionally expresses RB1 to identify dependencies that are caused by RB1 loss and discovered that RB1 -/- SCLC cell lines are hyperdependent on multiple proteins linked to chromosomal segregation, including Aurora B kinase. Moreover, we show that an Aurora B kinase inhibitor is efficacious in multiple preclinical SCLC models at concentrations that are well tolerated in mice. These results suggest that RB1 loss is a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to Aurora B kinase inhibitors in SCLC and perhaps other RB1 -/- cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: SCLC is rarely associated with actionable protooncogene mutations. We did a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that showed that RB1 -/- SCLC are hyperdependent on AURKB, likely because both genes control mitotic fidelity, and confirmed that Aurora B kinase inhibitors are efficacious against RB1 -/- SCLC tumors in mice at nontoxic doses.See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raquel Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abdallah Flaifel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse S Novak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Buss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Scott T Younger
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paula Taylor
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Kim Maratea
- IMED Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Travers
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Pellman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Ashton
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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27
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Sahoo S, Ravi Kumar RK, Nicolay B, Mohite O, Sivaraman K, Khetan V, Rishi P, Ganesan S, Subramanyan K, Raman K, Miles W, Elchuri SV. Metabolite systems profiling identifies exploitable weaknesses in retinoblastoma. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:23-41. [PMID: 30417337 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood eye cancer. Currently, chemotherapy, local therapy, and enucleation are the main ways in which these tumors are managed. The present work is the first study that uses constraint-based reconstruction and analysis approaches to identify and explain RB-specific survival strategies, which are RB tumor specific. Importantly, our model-specific secretion profile is also found in RB1-depleted human retinal cells in vitro and suggests that novel biomarkers involved in lipid metabolism may be important. Finally, RB-specific synthetic lethals have been predicted as lipid and nucleoside transport proteins that can aid in novel drug target development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Brandon Nicolay
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Agios Pharmaceutical, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Omkar Mohite
- Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services and Ocular Oncology Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Pukhraj Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services and Ocular Oncology Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Suganeswari Ganesan
- Department of Histopathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Karthik Raman
- Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.,Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBC-DSAI), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sailaja V Elchuri
- Department of Nanotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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28
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Shen JP, Ideker T. Synthetic Lethal Networks for Precision Oncology: Promises and Pitfalls. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2900-2912. [PMID: 29932943 PMCID: PMC6097899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic lethal interactions, in which the simultaneous loss of function of two genes produces a lethal phenotype, are being explored as a means to therapeutically exploit cancer-specific vulnerabilities and expand the scope of precision oncology. Currently, three Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs work by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction between BRCA1/2 and PARP. This review examines additional efforts to discover networks of synthetic lethal interactions and discusses both challenges and opportunities regarding the translation of new synthetic lethal interactions into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Shen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cancer Cell Map Initiative, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cancer Cell Map Initiative, USA
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29
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Kerins MJ, Milligan J, Wohlschlegel JA, Ooi A. Fumarate hydratase inactivation in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is synthetic lethal with ferroptosis induction. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2757-2766. [PMID: 29917289 PMCID: PMC6125459 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by inactivation of the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). HLRCC patients are at high risk of developing kidney cancer of type 2 papillary morphology that is refractory to current radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Hence, an effective therapy for this deadly form of cancer is urgently needed. Here, we show that FH inactivation (FH-/- ) proves synthetic lethal with inducers of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and nonapoptotic form of cell death. Specifically, we identified gene signatures for compound sensitivities based on drug responses for 9 different drug classes against the NCI-60 cell lines. These signatures predicted that ferroptosis inducers would be selectively toxic to FH-/- cell line UOK262. Preferential cell death against UOK262-FH-/- was confirmed with 4 different ferroptosis inducers. Mechanistically, the FH-/- sensitivity to ferroptosis is attributed to dysfunctional GPX4, the primary cellular defender against ferroptosis. We identified that C93 of GPX4 is readily post-translationally modified by fumarates that accumulate in conditions of FH-/- , and that C93 modification represses GPX4 activity. Induction of ferroptosis in FH-inactivated tumors represents an opportunity for synthetic lethality in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - John Milligan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological ChemistryDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
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30
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Martin TD, Cook DR, Choi MY, Li MZ, Haigis KM, Elledge SJ. A Role for Mitochondrial Translation in Promotion of Viability in K-Ras Mutant Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:427-438. [PMID: 28700943 PMCID: PMC5553568 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene are highly prevalent in tumors, especially those of the colon, lung, and pancreas. To better understand the genetic dependencies that K-Ras mutant cells rely upon for their growth, we employed whole-genome CRISPR loss-of-function screens in two isogenic pairs of cell lines. Since loss of essential genes is uniformly toxic in CRISPR-based screens, we also developed a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library targeting essential genes. These approaches uncovered a large set of proteins whose loss results in the selective reduction of K-Ras mutant cell growth. Pathway analysis revealed that many of these genes function in the mitochondria. For validation, we generated isogenic pairs of cell lines using CRISPR-based genome engineering, which confirmed the dependency of K-Ras mutant cells on these mitochondrial pathways. Finally, we found that mitochondrial inhibitors reduce the growth of K-Ras mutant tumors in vivo, aiding in the advancement of strategies to target K-Ras-driven malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Martin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle R Cook
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mei Yuk Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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31
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Allaway RJ, Wood MD, Downey SL, Bouley SJ, Traphagen NA, Wells JD, Batra J, Melancon SN, Ringelberg C, Seibel W, Ratner N, Sanchez Y. Exploiting mitochondrial and metabolic homeostasis as a vulnerability in NF1 deficient cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15860-15875. [PMID: 29662612 PMCID: PMC5882303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a disease caused by mutation of neurofibromin 1 (NF1), loss of which results in hyperactive Ras signaling and a concomitant increase in cell proliferation and survival. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 frequently develop tumors such as plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Mutation of NF1 or loss of the NF1 protein is also observed in glioblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and ovarian cancer among other sporadic cancers. A therapy that selectively targets NF1 deficient tumors would substantially advance our ability to treat these malignancies. To address the need for these therapeutics, we developed and conducted a synthetic lethality screen to discover molecules that target yeast lacking the homolog of NF1, IRA2. One of the lead candidates that was observed to be synthetic lethal with ira2Δ yeast is Y100. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which Y100 targets ira2Δ yeast and NF1-deficient tumor cells. Y100 treatment disrupted proteostasis, metabolic homeostasis, and induced the formation of mitochondrial superoxide in NF1-deficient cancer cells. Previous studies also indicate that NF1/Ras-dysregulated tumors may be sensitive to modulators of oxidative and ER stress. We hypothesize that the use of Y100 and molecules with related mechanisms of action represent a feasible therapeutic strategy for targeting NF1 deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Allaway
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Matthew D. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Current address: Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sondra L. Downey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Bouley
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Nicole A. Traphagen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason D. Wells
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jaya Batra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Current address: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sir Norman Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Current address: Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carol Ringelberg
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - William Seibel
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Iniguez AB, Stolte B, Wang EJ, Conway AS, Alexe G, Dharia NV, Kwiatkowski N, Zhang T, Abraham BJ, Mora J, Kalev P, Leggett A, Chowdhury D, Benes CH, Young RA, Gray NS, Stegmaier K. EWS/FLI Confers Tumor Cell Synthetic Lethality to CDK12 Inhibition in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:202-216.e6. [PMID: 29358035 PMCID: PMC5846483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer types are driven by oncogenic transcription factors that have been difficult to drug. Transcriptional inhibitors, however, may offer inroads into targeting these cancers. Through chemical genomics screening, we identified that Ewing sarcoma is a disease with preferential sensitivity to THZ1, a covalent small-molecule CDK7/12/13 inhibitor. The selective CDK12/13 inhibitor, THZ531, impairs DNA damage repair in an EWS/FLI-dependent manner, supporting a synthetic lethal relationship between response to THZ1/THZ531 and EWS/FLI expression. The combination of these molecules with PARP inhibitors showed striking synergy in cell viability and DNA damage assays in vitro and in multiple models of Ewing sarcoma, including a PDX, in vivo without hematopoietic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Balboni Iniguez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Björn Stolte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Emily Jue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy Saur Conway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Abraham
- The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaume Mora
- Development Tumor Biology Laboratory and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Peter Kalev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alan Leggett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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33
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Ma Y, Walsh MJ, Bernhardt K, Ashbaugh CW, Trudeau SJ, Ashbaugh IY, Jiang S, Jiang C, Zhao B, Root DE, Doench JG, Gewurz BE. CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed B Cell Host Dependency Factors. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:580-591.e7. [PMID: 28494239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and immunosuppression-related lymphomas. These B cell malignancies arise by distinct transformation pathways and have divergent viral and host expression programs. To identify host dependency factors resulting from these EBV+, B cell-transformed cell states, we performed parallel genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These highlighted 57 BL and 87 LCL genes uniquely important for their growth and survival. LCL hits were enriched for EBV-induced genes, including viral super-enhancer targets. Our systematic approach uncovered key mechanisms by which EBV oncoproteins activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and evade tumor suppressor responses. LMP1-induced cFLIP was found to be critical for LCL defense against TNFα-mediated programmed cell death, whereas EBV-induced BATF/IRF4 were critical for BIM suppression and MYC induction in LCLs. Finally, EBV super-enhancer-targeted IRF2 protected LCLs against Blimp1-mediated tumor suppression. Our results identify viral transformation-driven synthetic lethal targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Bernhardt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Camille W Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Trudeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabelle Y Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chang Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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34
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Hasegawa-Minato J, Toyoshima M, Ishibashi M, Zhang X, Shigeta S, Grandori C, Kitatani K, Yaegashi N. Novel cooperative pathway of c-Myc and Furin, a pro-protein convertase, in cell proliferation as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3483-3496. [PMID: 29423060 PMCID: PMC5790477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a master regulator of various oncogenic functions in many types of human cancers. However, direct c-Myc-targeted therapy has not been successful in the clinic. Here, we explored a novel therapeutic target, which shows synthetic lethality in c-Myc-driven ovarian cancers, and examined the molecular mechanism of the synthetic lethal interaction. By high throughput siRNA screening with a library of 6,550 genes, Furin, a pro-protein convertase, was identified as the top hit gene. Furin inhibition by siRNA or a Furin inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation in high c-Myc-expressing ovarian cancer cells compared with low c-Myc-expressing cells. Conversely, Furin overexpression in the presence of high c-Myc significantly promoted cell proliferation compared with only c-Myc or Furin overexpression. Notch1, one of the Furin substrates, was upregulated by c-Myc, and Notch1 cleaved by Furin increased cell proliferation of high c-Myc-expressing ovarian cancer cells. Notch1 was involved in the cooperative pathway of c-Myc and Furin in cell proliferation. In clinical ovarian cancer specimens, co-expression of c-Myc and Furin correlated with poor survival. In conclusion, we found that c-Myc cooperates with Furin to promote cell proliferation. Furin may be a promising therapeutic target in c-Myc-driven ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hasegawa-Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carla Grandori
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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35
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Wittig-Blaich S, Wittig R, Schmidt S, Lyer S, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Gronert-Sum S, Strobel-Freidekind O, Müller C, List M, Jaskot A, Christiansen H, Hafner M, Schadendorf D, Block I, Mollenhauer J. Systematic screening of isogenic cancer cells identifies DUSP6 as context-specific synthetic lethal target in melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23760-23774. [PMID: 28423600 PMCID: PMC5410342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased genome-wide profiling options and conceptually initiates the possibility for personalized cancer therapy. State-of-the-art sequencing studies yield large candidate gene sets comprising dozens or hundreds of mutated genes. However, few technologies are available for the systematic downstream evaluation of these results to identify novel starting points of future cancer therapies. We improved and extended a site-specific recombination-based system for systematic analysis of the individual functions of a large number of candidate genes. This was facilitated by a novel system for the construction of isogenic constitutive and inducible gain- and loss-of-function cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrate the construction of isogenic cell lines with combinations of the traits for advanced functional in vitro analyses. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a library of 108 isogenic melanoma cell lines was constructed and 8 genes were identified that significantly reduced viability in a discovery screen and in an independent validation screen. Here, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this recombination-based method and we proved its potential to identify new drug targets via the identification of the tumor suppressor DUSP6 as potential synthetic lethal target in melanoma cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations and high DUSP6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wittig-Blaich
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gronert-Sum
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Strobel-Freidekind
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus List
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jaskot
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Christiansen
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Department of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Block
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Mollenhauer
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Han ZQ, Liao H, Shi F, Chen XP, Hu HC, Tian MQ, Wang LH, Ying S. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 sensitizes lung cancer cells to radiation-induced apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5959-5965. [PMID: 29113232 PMCID: PMC5661612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy resistance is an enduring major setback in lung cancer therapy, and is responsible for a large proportion of treatment failures. In previous years, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has frequently been reported to promote tumor occurrence and development, suggesting a potential role in radiotherapy resistance. To investigate whether COX-2 inhibitors can be applied in radiosensitization, an MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability after X-ray radiation in the presence or absence of the specific COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes were also detected through laser confocal scanning microcopy and flow cytometry. X-ray treatment only caused mild cell death in lung cancer A549 cells. However, combination treatment using celecoxib and X-ray radiation exhibited improved inhibitory effects and significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Therefore, COX-2 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy can counteract radiation-induced high COX-2 expression, demonstrating that celecoxib can function as a radiosensitizer of lung cancer cells. It is therefore reasonable to predict COX-2 inhibitors to be potential clinical radiotherapy synergists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Han
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Hu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qing Tian
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, P.R. China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Fan J, Xia S, Pan Y, Liu S, Qian G, Qian Z, Kang HB, Arbiser JL, Pollack BP, Kudchadkar RR, Lawson DH, Rossi M, Abdel-Wahab O, Merghoub T, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Boise LH, Lonial S, Chen F, Chen J, Lin R. HMG-CoA synthase 1 is a synthetic lethal partner of BRAF V600E in human cancers. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10142-10152. [PMID: 28468827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Contributions of metabolic changes to cancer development and maintenance have received increasing attention in recent years. Although many human cancers share similar metabolic alterations, it remains unclear whether oncogene-specific metabolic alterations are required for tumor development. Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer. Here, we identified HMG-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), the upstream ketogenic enzyme of HMGCL, as an additional "synthetic lethal" partner of BRAFV600E Although HMGCS1 expression did not correlate with BRAFV600E mutation in human melanoma cells, HMGCS1 was selectively important for proliferation of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma and colon cancer cells but not control cells harboring active N/KRAS mutants, and stable knockdown of HMGCS1 only attenuated colony formation and tumor growth potential of BRAFV600E melanoma cells. Moreover, cytosolic HMGCS1 that co-localized with HMGCL and BRAFV600E was more important than the mitochondrial HMGCS2 isoform in BRAFV600E-expressing cancer cells in terms of acetoacetate production. Interestingly, HMGCL knockdown did not affect HMGCS1 expression levels, whereas HMGCS1 knockdown caused a compensating increase in HMGCL protein level because of attenuated protein degradation. However, this increase did not reverse the reduced ketogenesis in HMGCS1 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, HMGCS1 inhibition decreased intracellular acetoacetate levels, leading to reduced BRAFV600E-MEK1 binding and consequent MEK1 activation. We conclude that the ketogenic HMGCS1-HMGCL-acetoacetate axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for managing BRAFV600E-positive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Fan
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Siyuan Xia
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shuangping Liu
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Guoqing Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Brian P Pollack
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - David H Lawson
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Michael Rossi
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Taha Merghoub
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sagar Lonial
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fangping Chen
- the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
| | - Ruiting Lin
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Chang JG, Chen CC, Wu YY, Che TF, Huang YS, Yeh KT, Shieh GS, Yang PC. Uncovering synthetic lethal interactions for therapeutic targets and predictive markers in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:73664-73680. [PMID: 27655641 PMCID: PMC5342006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two genes are called synthetic lethal (SL) if their simultaneous mutation leads to cell death, but mutation of either individual does not. Targeting SL partners of mutated cancer genes can selectively kill cancer cells, but leave normal cells intact. We present an integrated approach to uncover SL gene pairs as novel therapeutic targets of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Of 24 predicted SL pairs, PARP1-TP53 was validated by RNAi knockdown to have synergistic toxicity in H1975 and invasive CL1-5 LADC cells; additionally FEN1-RAD54B, BRCA1-TP53, BRCA2-TP53 and RB1-TP53 were consistent with the literature. While metastasis remains a bottleneck in cancer treatment and inhibitors of PARP1 have been developed, this result may have therapeutic potential for LADC, in which TP53 is commonly mutated. We also demonstrated that silencing PARP1 enhanced the cell death induced by the platinum-based chemotherapy drug carboplatin in lung cancer cells (CL1-5 and H1975). IHC of RAD54B↑, BRCA1↓-RAD54B↑, FEN1(N)↑-RAD54B↑ and PARP1↑-RAD54B↑ were shown to be prognostic markers for 131 Asian LADC patients, and all markers except BRCA1↓-RAD54B↑ were further confirmed by three independent gene expression data sets (a total of 426 patients) including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of LADC. Importantly, we identified POLB-TP53 and POLB as predictive markers for the TCGA cohort (230 subjects), independent of age and stage. Thus, POLB and POLB-TP53 may be used to stratify future non-Asian LADC patients for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Gowth Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Che
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Grace S. Shieh
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shen JP, Srivas R, Gross A, Li J, Jaehnig EJ, Sun SM, Bojorquez-Gomez A, Licon K, Sivaganesh V, Xu JL, Klepper K, Yeerna H, Pekin D, Qiu CP, van Attikum H, Sobol RW, Ideker T. Chemogenetic profiling identifies RAD17 as synthetically lethal with checkpoint kinase inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:35755-69. [PMID: 26437225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors of the checkpoint kinases have shown promise in the treatment of cancer, yet their clinical utility may be limited by a lack of molecular biomarkers to identify specific patients most likely to respond to therapy. To this end, we screened 112 known tumor suppressor genes for synthetic lethal interactions with inhibitors of the CHEK1 and CHEK2 checkpoint kinases. We identified eight interactions, including the Replication Factor C (RFC)-related protein RAD17. Clonogenic assays in RAD17 knockdown cell lines identified a substantial shift in sensitivity to checkpoint kinase inhibition (3.5-fold) as compared to RAD17 wild-type. Additional evidence for this interaction was found in a large-scale functional shRNA screen of over 100 genotyped cancer cell lines, in which CHEK1/2 mutant cell lines were unexpectedly sensitive to RAD17 knockdown. This interaction was widely conserved, as we found that RAD17 interacts strongly with checkpoint kinases in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the setting of RAD17 knockdown, CHEK1/2 inhibition was found to be synergistic with inhibition of WEE1, another pharmacologically relevant checkpoint kinase. Accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX following chemical inhibition or transient knockdown of CHEK1, CHEK2 or WEE1 was magnified by knockdown of RAD17. Taken together, our data suggest that CHEK1 or WEE1 inhibitors are likely to have greater clinical efficacy in tumors with RAD17 loss-of-function.
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Dolman MEM, Poon E, Ebus ME, den Hartog IJM, van Noesel CJM, Jamin Y, Hallsworth A, Robinson SP, Petrie K, Sparidans RW, Kok RJ, Versteeg R, Caron HN, Chesler L, Molenaar JJ. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor AT7519 as a Potential Drug for MYCN-Dependent Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5100-9. [PMID: 26202950 PMCID: PMC4645454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MYCN-dependent neuroblastomas have low cure rates with current multimodal treatment regimens and novel therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently needed. In previous preclinical studies, we have shown that targeted inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) resulted in specific killing of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. This study describes the in vivo preclinical evaluation of the CDK inhibitor AT7519. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preclinical drug testing was performed using a panel of MYCN-amplified and MYCN single copy neuroblastoma cell lines and different MYCN-dependent mouse models of neuroblastoma. RESULTS AT7519 killed MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines more potently than MYCN single copy cell lines with a median LC50 value of 1.7 compared to 8.1 μmol/L (P = 0.0053) and a significantly stronger induction of apoptosis. Preclinical studies in female NMRI homozygous (nu/nu) mice with neuroblastoma patient-derived MYCN-amplified AMC711T xenografts revealed dose-dependent growth inhibition, which correlated with intratumoral AT7519 levels. CDK2 target inhibition by AT7519 was confirmed by significant reductions in levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb) and nucleophosmin (p-NPM). AT7519 treatment of Th-MYCN transgenic mice resulted in improved survival and clinically significant tumor regression (average tumor size reduction of 86% at day 7 after treatment initiation). The improved efficacy of AT7519 observed in Th-MYCN mice correlated with higher tumor exposure to the drug. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly suggests that AT7519 is a promising drug for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emmy M Dolman
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Marli E Ebus
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilona J M den Hartog
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yann Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Albert Hallsworth
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Kok
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib N Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, England
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the most frequently disrupted tumor suppressors in cancer. The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway to repress tumor cell growth and survival. In the nucleus, PTEN promotes chromosome stability and DNA repair. Consequently, loss of PTEN function increases genomic instability. PTEN deficiency is caused by inherited germline mutations, somatic mutations, epigenetic and transcriptional silencing, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Given the high frequency of PTEN deficiency across cancer subtypes, therapeutic approaches that exploit PTEN loss-of-function could provide effective treatment strategies. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at cancers with loss of PTEN function, and the challenges involved in treating patients afflicted with such cancers. We review preclinical and clinical findings, and highlight novel strategies under development to target PTENdeficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd W Miller
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Dr. HB-7936, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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42
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Steckel M, Molina-Arcas M, Weigelt B, Marani M, Warne PH, Kuznetsov H, Kelly G, Saunders B, Howell M, Downward J, Hancock DC. Determination of synthetic lethal interactions in KRAS oncogene-dependent cancer cells reveals novel therapeutic targeting strategies. Cell Res 2012; 22:1227-45. [PMID: 22613949 PMCID: PMC3411175 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in RAS genes are very common in human cancer, resulting in cells with well-characterized selective advantages, but also less well-understood vulnerabilities. We have carried out a large-scale loss-of-function screen to identify genes that are required by KRAS-transformed colon cancer cells, but not by derivatives lacking this oncogene. Top-scoring genes were then tested in a larger panel of KRAS mutant and wild-type cancer cells. Cancer cells expressing oncogenic KRAS were found to be highly dependent on the transcription factor GATA2 and the DNA replication initiation regulator CDC6. Extending this analysis using a collection of drugs with known targets, we found that cancer cells with mutant KRAS showed selective addiction to proteasome function, as well as synthetic lethality with topoisomerase inhibition. Combination targeting of these functions caused improved killing of KRAS mutant cells relative to wild-type cells. These observations suggest novel targets and new ways of combining existing therapies for optimal effect in RAS mutant cancers, which are traditionally seen as being highly refractory to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Steckel
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michaela Marani
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Patricia H Warne
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Hanna Kuznetsov
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Becky Saunders
- High Throughput Screening Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - David C Hancock
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb), a tumor suppressor gene, is inactivated in many types of cancer. However little is known about how the loss of Rb function can be targeted in cancer therapies. We have identified that inactivation of TSC2 in Rb mutant cancer cells will induce a synergistic cell death. The synergistic cell death is due to an increase in cellular stress including metabolic, ER, and oxidative stress. Therefore, inactivation of TSC2 and chemothereputics that result in induction of cellular stress may be a novel and effective way to treat cancers containing inactivated Rb.
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44
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Dixon SJ, Andrews BJ, Boone C. Exploring the conservation of synthetic lethal genetic interaction networks. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 2:78-81. [PMID: 19704894 DOI: 10.4161/cib.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput studies have enabled the large-scale mapping of synthetic lethal genetic interaction networks in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). Recently, complementary high-throughput methods have been developed to map genetic interactions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), enabling comparative analyses of genetic interaction networks between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae, two species separated by hundreds of millions of years of evolution. The resultant data has providing our first view of a possible core genetic interaction network shared between two distantly related eukaryotes, and identified numerous species-specific interactions that may contribute to the unique biology of these two different organisms. These and other results suggest that comparative interactomic studies will provide novel insights into the structure of genetic interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Dixon
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research; Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON CA
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