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Zhao L, Fan J, Xia S, Pan Y, Liu S, Qian G, Qian Z, Kang HB, Arbiser JL, Pollack BP, Kudchadkar RR, Lawson DH, Rossi M, Abdel-Wahab O, Merghoub T, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Boise LH, Lonial S, Chen F, Chen J, Lin R. HMG-CoA synthase 1 is a synthetic lethal partner of BRAF V600E in human cancers. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10142-10152. [PMID: 28468827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Contributions of metabolic changes to cancer development and maintenance have received increasing attention in recent years. Although many human cancers share similar metabolic alterations, it remains unclear whether oncogene-specific metabolic alterations are required for tumor development. Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer. Here, we identified HMG-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), the upstream ketogenic enzyme of HMGCL, as an additional "synthetic lethal" partner of BRAFV600E Although HMGCS1 expression did not correlate with BRAFV600E mutation in human melanoma cells, HMGCS1 was selectively important for proliferation of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma and colon cancer cells but not control cells harboring active N/KRAS mutants, and stable knockdown of HMGCS1 only attenuated colony formation and tumor growth potential of BRAFV600E melanoma cells. Moreover, cytosolic HMGCS1 that co-localized with HMGCL and BRAFV600E was more important than the mitochondrial HMGCS2 isoform in BRAFV600E-expressing cancer cells in terms of acetoacetate production. Interestingly, HMGCL knockdown did not affect HMGCS1 expression levels, whereas HMGCS1 knockdown caused a compensating increase in HMGCL protein level because of attenuated protein degradation. However, this increase did not reverse the reduced ketogenesis in HMGCS1 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, HMGCS1 inhibition decreased intracellular acetoacetate levels, leading to reduced BRAFV600E-MEK1 binding and consequent MEK1 activation. We conclude that the ketogenic HMGCS1-HMGCL-acetoacetate axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for managing BRAFV600E-positive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Fan
- the Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Siyuan Xia
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Yaozhu Pan
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shuangping Liu
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Guoqing Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Brian P Pollack
- the Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.,the Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033
| | - Ragini R Kudchadkar
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - David H Lawson
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Michael Rossi
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Taha Merghoub
- the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, and
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sagar Lonial
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Fangping Chen
- the Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,
| | - Ruiting Lin
- From the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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