1
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Schmid R, Kaiser J, Willbold R, Walther N, Wittig R, Lindén M. Towards a simple in vitro surface chemistry pre-screening method for nanoparticles to be used for drug delivery to solid tumours. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6287-6298. [PMID: 37551433 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient nanoparticulate drug carrier intended for chemotherapy based on intravenous administration must exhibit a long enough blood circulation time, a good penetrability into the tumour volume, as well as an efficient uptake by cancer cells. Limiting factors for the therapeutic outcome in vivo are recognition of the nanoparticles as foreign objects, which triggers nanoparticle uptake by defence organs rich in macrophages, e.g. liver and spleen, on the time-scale of accumulation and uptake in/by the tumour. However, the development of nanomedicine towards efficient nanoparticle-based delivery to solid tumours is hampered by the lack of simple, reproducible, cheap, and predictive means for early identification of promising nanoparticle formulations. The surface chemistry of nanoparticles is known to be the most important determinant for the biological fate of nanoparticles, as it influences the extent of serum protein adsorption, and also the relative composition of the protein corona. Here we preliminarily evaluate an extremely simple screening method for nanoparticle surface chemistry pre-optimization based on nanoparticle uptake in vitro by PC-3 cancer cells and THP-1 macrophages. Only when both selectivity for the cancer cells as well as the extent of nanoparticle uptake are taken into consideration do the in vitro results mirror literature results obtained for small animal models. Furthermore, although not investigated here, the screening method does also lend itself to the study of actively targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Schmid
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Juliane Kaiser
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ramona Willbold
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Nomusa Walther
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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2
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Hausladen F, Kruse P, Hessenberger F, Stegmayer T, Kao YT, Seelert W, Preyer R, Springer M, Stock K, Wittig R. Molecule transfer into mammalian cells by single sub-nanosecond laser pulses. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200327. [PMID: 36633379 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, precise, and viability-retaining method for cytoplasmic molecule delivery is highly desired for cell engineering. Routine methods suffer from low throughput, lack of selectivity, requirement of helper compounds, predominant endosomal delivery, and/or are restricted to specific molecule classes. Photonic cell manipulation bears the potential to overcome these drawbacks. Here we investigated mammalian cell manipulation by single sub-nanosecond laser pulses. Axial beam waist positioning close to a cell monolayer induced culture vessel damage and zones of cell ablation. Cells at margins of ablation zones exhibited uptake of membrane-impermeant fluorophores and GFP expression plasmids. Increasing Rayleigh-length and beam waist diameter reduced the sensitivity to axial defocusing and resulted in robust molecule transfer. Serial application of single pulses focused over a moving cell monolayer yielded quantitative molecule transfer to cells at rates up to 40%. Our results could be basic to spatially and temporally controlled single laser pulse-mediated marker-free high throughput cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hausladen
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Kruse
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felicia Hessenberger
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stegmayer
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu-Ting Kao
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolf Seelert
- Coherent Laser Systems GmbH, Estlandring 6, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Marco Springer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Karl Stock
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Caratti B, Fidan M, Caratti G, Breitenecker K, Engler M, Kazemitash N, Traut R, Wittig R, Casanova E, Ahmadian MR, Tuckermann JP, Moll HP, Cirstea IC. The glucocorticoid receptor associates with RAS complexes to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm4452. [PMID: 35316097 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that activate members of the RAS family of GTPases are associated with various cancers and drive tumor growth. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, has been proposed to interact with and inhibit the activation of components of the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways downstream of RAS. In the absence of activating ligands, we found that GR was present in cytoplasmic KRAS-containing complexes and inhibited the activation of wild-type and oncogenic KRAS in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human lung cancer A549 cells. The DNA binding domain of GR was involved in the interaction with KRAS, but GR-dependent inhibition of RAS activation did not depend on the nuclear translocation of GR. The addition of ligand released GR-dependent inhibition of RAS, AKT, the MAPK p38, and the MAPKK MEK. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of GR in A549 cells enhanced tumor growth in xenografts in mice. Patient samples of non-small cell lung carcinomas showed lower expression of NR3C1, the gene encoding GR, compared to adjacent normal tissues and lower NR3C1 expression correlated with a worse disease outcome. These results suggest that glucocorticoids prevent the ability of GR to limit tumor growth by inhibiting RAS activation, which has potential implications for the use of glucocorticoids in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Breitenecker
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Melanie Engler
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Naser Kazemitash
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Traut
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology (ILM), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, Building 22.03.05, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Müller P, Abdel Gaber SA, Zimmermann W, Wittig R, Stepp H. ABCG2 influence on the efficiency of photodynamic therapy in glioblastoma cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 210:111963. [PMID: 32795847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA PDT) is a promising novel therapeutic approach in the therapy of malignant brain tumors. 5-ALA occurs as a natural precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a tumor-selective photosensitizer. The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 plays a physiologically significant role in porphyrin efflux from living cells. ABCG2 is also associated with stemness properties. Here we investigate the role of ABCG2 on the susceptibility of glioblastoma cells to 5-ALA PDT. METHODS Accumulation of PpIX in doxycycline-inducible U251MG glioblastoma cells with or without induction of ABCG2 expression or ABCG2 inhibition by KO143 was analyzed using flow cytometry. In U251MG cells, ABCG2 was inducible by doxycycline after stable transfection with a tet-on expression plasmid. U251MG cells with high expression of ABCG2 were enriched and used for further experiments (sU251MG-V). PDT was performed on monolayer cell cultures by irradiation with laser light at 635 nm. RESULTS Elevated levels of ABCG2 in doxycycline induced sU251MG-V cells led to a diminished accumulation of PpIX and higher light doses were needed to reduce cell viability. By inhibiting the ABCG2 transporter with the efficient and non-toxic ABCG2 inhibitor KO143, PpIX accumulation and PDT efficiency could be strongly enhanced. CONCLUSION Glioblastoma cells with high ABCG2 expression accumulate less photosensitizer and require higher light doses to be eliminated. Inhibition of ABCG2 during photosensitizer accumulation and irradiation promises to restore full susceptibility of this crucial tumor cell population to photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Müller
- Laser Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Laser Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstr. 20, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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5
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Lingenfelder C, Kampmeier J, Russ D, Wittig R, Diener C, Werner JU. [Depth Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Keratitis Therapy: A Corneal Stroma Tissue Model]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020; 237:1087-1092. [PMID: 32434228 DOI: 10.1055/a-1142-6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of microbial keratitis has been increasing and is now 28 cases/100,000 inhabitants; this may be due to the more frequent use of contact lenses. Keratitis can lead to visual impairment and in severe cases with endophthalmitis to enucleation of the affected eye. As microorganisms are becoming more resistant to antibiotic therapy, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma has already been successfully used to disinfect surfaces. This study investigates the efficacy of cold atmospheric pressure plasma against Escherichia coli in a depth-resolved corneal stroma tissue model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Detlef Russ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm
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6
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Knaff PM, Kersten C, Willbold R, Champanhac C, Crespy D, Wittig R, Landfester K, Mailänder V. From In Silico to Experimental Validation: Tailoring Peptide Substrates for a Serine Protease. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1636-1643. [PMID: 32191450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smart nanocarriers for the transport of drugs to tumor cells are nowadays of great interest for treating cancer. The use of enzymatic stimuli to cleave peptide-based drug nanocapsules for the selective release of nanocapsule cargo in close proximity to tumor cells opens new possibilities in cancer research. In the present work, we demonstrate a methodology for finding and optimizing cleavable substrate sequences by the type II transmembrane serine protease hepsin, which is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. The design and screening of combinatorial libraries in silico against the binding cavity of hepsin allow the identification of a panel of promising substrates with high-calculated docking scores. In vitro screening verifies the predictions and showed that all substrates are cleaved by hepsin with higher efficiency than the literature known hepsin substrate RQLR↓VVGG. The introduction of d-amino acids on a selected peptide with the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) renders it resistant to cleavage by plasma or serum while maintaining their susceptibility to hepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Maximilian Knaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Medical Clinic (Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonology), University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ramona Willbold
- Biology Group, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carole Champanhac
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Biology Group, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Medical Clinic (Hematology, Oncology and Pulmonology), University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Björk EM, Baumann B, Hausladen F, Wittig R, Lindén M. Cell adherence and drug delivery from particle based mesoporous silica films. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17745-17753. [PMID: 35520598 PMCID: PMC9064623 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially and temporally controlled drug delivery is important for implant and tissue engineering applications, as the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug can be enhanced, and can also allow for drugging stem cells at different stages of development. Long-term drug delivery over weeks to months is however difficult to achieve, and coating of 3D surfaces or creating patterned surfaces is a challenge using coating techniques like spin- and dip-coating. In this study, mesoporous films consisting of SBA-15 particles grown onto silicon wafers using wet processing were evaluated as a scaffold for drug delivery. Films with various particle sizes (100–900 nm) and hence thicknesses were grown onto trichloro(octadecyl)silane-functionalized silicon wafers using a direct growth method. Precise patterning of the areas for film growth could be obtained by local removal of the OTS functionalization through laser ablation. The films were incubated with the drug model 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), and murine myoblast cells (C2C12 cells) were seeded onto films with different particle sizes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to study the cell growth, and a vinculin-mediated adherence of C2C12 cells on all films was verified. The successful loading of DiO into the films was confirmed by UV-vis and CLSM. It was observed that the drugs did not desorb from the particles during 24 hours in cell culture. During adherent growth on the films for 4 h, small amounts of DiO and separate particles were observed inside single cells. After 24 h, a larger number of particles and a strong DiO signal were recorded in the cells, indicating a particle mediated drug uptake. The vast majority of the DiO-loaded particles remained attached to the substrate also after 24 h of incubation, making the films attractive as longer-term reservoirs for drugs on e.g. medical implants. Particle-based mesoporous silica films synthesized through a direct growth method were successfully used as a drug delivery system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Björk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry II
- University of Ulm
- 890 81 Ulm
- Germany
- Nanostructured Materials
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry II
- University of Ulm
- 890 81 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Florian Hausladen
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM)
- Ulm University
- 890 81 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM)
- Ulm University
- 890 81 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry II
- University of Ulm
- 890 81 Ulm
- Germany
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8
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Scalfi-Happ C, Zhu Z, Graefe S, Wiehe A, Ryabova A, Loschenov V, Wittig R, Steiner RW. Chlorin Nanoparticles for Tissue Diagnostics and Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:106-114. [PMID: 29567384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) are not fluorescent due to the crystalline structure of the flat molecules organized in layers. In earlier experiments with Aluminum Phthalocyanine (AlPc)-derived NPs, the preferential uptake and dissolution by macrophages was demonstrated [3]. Therefore, inflamed tissue or cancer tissue with accumulated macrophages may exhibit specific fluorescence in contrast to healthy tissue which does not fluoresce. The present study addresses the photobiological effects of NP generated from Temoporfin (mTHPC), a clinically utilized photosensitizer belonging to the chlorin family. METHODS In-vitro investigations addressing uptake, dissolution and phototoxicity of mTHPC NP vs. the liposomal mTHPC formulation Foslip were performed using J774A.1 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts. For total NP uptake analysis, the cells were lysed, the nanoparticles dissolved and the fluorescence quantified. The intracellular molecular dissolution was measured by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy served for controlling intracellular localization of the dissolved fluorescing molecules. Reaction mechanisms after PDT (mitochondrial activity, apoptosis) were analyzed using fluorescent markers in cell-based assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS Organic crystalline NP of different size were produced from mTHPC raw material. NP were internalized more efficiently in J774A.1 macrophages when compared to L929 fibroblasts, whereas uptake and fluorescence of Foslip was similar between the cell lines. NP dissolution correlated with internalization levels for larger particles in the range of 200-500 nm. Smaller particles (45 nm in diameter) were taken up at high levels in macrophages, but were not dissolved efficiently, resulting in comparatively low intracellular fluorescence. Whereas Foslip was predominantly localized in membranes, NP-mediated fluorescence also co-localized with acidic vesicles, suggesting endocytosis/phagocytosis as a major uptake mechanism. In macrophages, phototoxicity of NPs was stronger than in fibroblasts, even exceeding Foslip when administered in identical amounts. In both cell lines, phototoxicity correlated with mitochondrial depolarization and enhanced activation of caspase 3. CONCLUSIONS Due to their preferential uptake/dissolution in macrophages, mTHPC NP may have potential for the diagnosis and photodynamic treatment of macrophage-associated disorders such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scalfi-Happ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanna Graefe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ryabova
- Natural Science Center of A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Vavilovstr. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Biospec JSC, Krimskiy val. 8, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Natural Science Center of A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, Vavilovstr. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Biospec JSC, Krimskiy val. 8, 119049 Moscow, Russia; National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rudolf W Steiner
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany; National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
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9
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Abdel Gaber SA, Müller P, Zimmermann W, Hüttenberger D, Wittig R, Abdel Kader MH, Stepp H. ABCG2-mediated suppression of chlorin e6 accumulation and photodynamic therapy efficiency in glioblastoma cell lines can be reversed by KO143. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2018; 178:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Wittig-Blaich S, Wittig R, Schmidt S, Lyer S, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Gronert-Sum S, Strobel-Freidekind O, Müller C, List M, Jaskot A, Christiansen H, Hafner M, Schadendorf D, Block I, Mollenhauer J. Systematic screening of isogenic cancer cells identifies DUSP6 as context-specific synthetic lethal target in melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23760-23774. [PMID: 28423600 PMCID: PMC5410342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased genome-wide profiling options and conceptually initiates the possibility for personalized cancer therapy. State-of-the-art sequencing studies yield large candidate gene sets comprising dozens or hundreds of mutated genes. However, few technologies are available for the systematic downstream evaluation of these results to identify novel starting points of future cancer therapies. We improved and extended a site-specific recombination-based system for systematic analysis of the individual functions of a large number of candidate genes. This was facilitated by a novel system for the construction of isogenic constitutive and inducible gain- and loss-of-function cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrate the construction of isogenic cell lines with combinations of the traits for advanced functional in vitro analyses. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a library of 108 isogenic melanoma cell lines was constructed and 8 genes were identified that significantly reduced viability in a discovery screen and in an independent validation screen. Here, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this recombination-based method and we proved its potential to identify new drug targets via the identification of the tumor suppressor DUSP6 as potential synthetic lethal target in melanoma cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations and high DUSP6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wittig-Blaich
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gronert-Sum
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Strobel-Freidekind
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus List
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jaskot
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Christiansen
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Department of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Block
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Mollenhauer
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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11
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Baumann B, Wittig R, Lindén M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in injectable hydrogels: factors influencing cellular uptake and viability. Nanoscale 2017; 9:12379-12390. [PMID: 28585970 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanoparticles as drug vectors into 3D scaffolds has attracted a lot of recent interest. In particular, tissue engineering applications would benefit from a spatially and temporally regulated release of biological cues, which act on precursor/stem cells in a three-dimensional growth environment. Injectable cell- and nanoparticle-containing scaffolds are especially interesting in this respect, but require matrix self-assembly and coordinated interactions between cells, matrices, and nanoparticles, which are largely uncharacterized yet. In this proof of concept study we combined the matrix-forming self-assembling peptide RADA16-I, different mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as potential drug carriers, and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cells. When injected to physiological media, the mixtures rapidly formed hybrid peptide-silica hydrogels containing RADA16-I nanofiber scaffolds with uniform spatial distribution of viable cells and MSN. MSN surface chemistry was critical for interactions within the hydrogel and for RADA16-I adsorption, thereby dominantly influencing cellular uptake and cell viability, whereas the impact of serum protein was minor. Thus, important parameters which allow tuning of nanoparticulate drug vector interactions with cells in injectable 3D scaffolds are identified, which are of importance for the future design of smart scaffolds for advanced tissue engineering in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Baumann
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Ille S, Kulchytska N, Sollmann N, Wittig R, Beurskens E, Butenschoen V, Ringel F, Vajkoczy P, Meyer B, Picht T, Krieg S. P024 Hemispheric language dominance measured by rTMS and postoperative course of language function in brain tumor patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Liu P, Lee S, Knoll J, Rauch A, Ostermay S, Luther J, Malkusch N, Lerner UH, Zaiss MM, Neven M, Wittig R, Rauner M, David JP, Bertolino P, Zhang CX, Tuckermann JP. Loss of menin in osteoblast lineage affects osteocyte-osteoclast crosstalk causing osteoporosis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:672-682. [PMID: 28106886 PMCID: PMC5384024 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteoporosis bone formation by osteoblasts is reduced and/or bone resorption by osteoclasts is enhanced. Currently, only a few factors have been identified in the regulation of bone integrity by osteoblast-derived osteocytes. In this study, we show that specific disruption of menin, encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Men1), in osteoblasts and osteocytes caused osteoporosis despite the preservation of osteoblast differentiation and the bone formation rate. Instead, an increase in osteoclast numbers and bone resorption was detected that persisted even when the deletion of Men1 was restricted to osteocytes. We demonstrate that isolated Men1-deficient osteocytes expressed numerous soluble mediators, such as C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and that CXCL10-mediated osteoclastogenesis was reduced by CXCL10-neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role for Men1 in osteocyte–osteoclast crosstalk by controlling osteoclastogenesis through the action of soluble factors. A role for Men1 in maintaining bone integrity and thereby preventing osteoporosis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany.,Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany.,Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Jeanette Knoll
- Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Susanne Ostermay
- Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Nicole Malkusch
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition at Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41345, Sweden
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Mona Neven
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology at Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Chang X Zhang
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany.,Tissue-specific Hormone Action, Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena D-07745, Germany
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14
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Maduro M, Genze F, Winkler E, Wittig R, Isachenko V, Janni W, Hancke K, Rodewald M. Follicle proliferation in cryopreserved human ovarian xenotransplants. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Ille S, Wittig R, Kulchytska N, Sollmann N, Hauck T, Maurer S, Obermueller T, Negwer C, Meyer B, Vajkoczy P, Ringel F, Picht T, Krieg S. P71. Correlation of hemispheric dominance of language examined by rTMS and postoperative course of language function in patients with left-sided Perisylvian brains lesions. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Wittig R, Rosenholm JM, von Haartman E, Hemming J, Genze F, Bergman L, Simmet T, Lindén M, Sahlgren C. Active targeting of mesoporous silica drug carriers enhances γ-secretase inhibitor efficacy in an in vivo model for breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:971-87. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this article, we use an alternative cancer model for the evaluation of nanotherapy, and assess the impact of surface functionalization and active targeting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) on therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Materials & methods: We used the chorioallantoic membrane xenograft assay to investigate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of folate versus polyethyleneimine-functionalized γ-secretase inhibitor-loaded MSNPs in breast and prostate tumor models. Results: γ-secretase inhibitor-loaded MSNPs inhibited tumor growth in breast and prostate cancer xenografts. Folate conjugation improved the therapeutic outcome in folic acid receptor-positive breast cancer, but not in prostate cancer lacking the receptor. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that therapeutic efficacy is linked to cellular uptake of MSNPs as opposed to tumor accumulation, and show that MSNP-based delivery of γ-secretase inhibitors is therapeutically effective in both breast and prostate cancer. In this article, we present a model system for a medium-to-high throughput, cost-effective, quantitative evaluation of nanoparticulate drug carriers. Original submitted 12 November 2012; Revised submitted 8 February 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology at Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Center for Functional Materials, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva von Haartman
- Center for Functional Materials, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jarl Hemming
- Wood & Paper Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Felicitas Genze
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lotta Bergman
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, 2612 Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Schickinger S, Bruns T, Wittig R, Weber P, Wagner M, Schneckenburger H. Nanosecond ratio imaging of redox states in tumor cell spheroids using light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:126007. [PMID: 24343438 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.126007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new concept of three-dimensional imaging of tumor cell spheroids by light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy and nanosecond ratio imaging is described. Due to its low light dose and alternative excitation by two laser wavelengths (391 and 470 nm), this method maintains cell viability and permits recording of real-time kinetics. A genetically encoded sensor permits measurement of the redox state of glutathione and visualization of the impact of oxygen radicals. The pharmaceutically relevant system is tested upon addition of an oxidizing agent (H2O2), as well as upon addition of the apoptosis-inducing agent staurosporine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schickinger
- Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruns
- Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Weber
- Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, GermanybInstitut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Wittig R, Richter V, Wittig-Blaich S, Weber P, Strauss WSL, Bruns T, Dick TP, Schneckenburger H. Biosensor-expressing spheroid cultures for imaging of drug-induced effects in three dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:736-43. [PMID: 23479354 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113480525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past, the majority of antitumor compound-screening approaches had been performed in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Although easy to standardize, this method provides results of limited significance because cells are surrounded by an artificial microenvironment, are not exposed to hypoxia gradients, and lack cell-cell contacts. These nonphysiological conditions directly affect relevant parameters such as the resistance to anticancer drugs. Multicellular tumor spheroids more closely resemble the in vivo situation in avascularized tumors. To monitor cellular reactions within this three-dimensional model system, we stably transfected a spheroid-forming glioblastoma cell line with Grx1-roGFP2, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based glutathione-specific redox sensor that detects alterations in the glutathione redox potential. Functionality and temporal dynamics of the sensor were verified with redox-active substances in 2D cell culture. Based on structured illumination microscopy using nonphototoxic light doses, ratio imaging was then applied to monitor the response of the glutathione system to exogenous hydrogen peroxide in optical sections of a tumor spheroid. Our approach provides a proof of concept for biosensor-based imaging in 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Mellert K, Lamla M, Scheffzek K, Wittig R, Kaufmann D. Enhancing endosomal escape of transduced proteins by photochemical internalisation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52473. [PMID: 23285056 PMCID: PMC3528648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced internalisation of functional proteins into cultured cells has become an important aspect in a rising number of in vitro and in vivo assays. The endo-lysosomal entrapment of the transduced proteins remains the major problem in all transduction protocols. In this study we compared the efficiency, cytotoxicity and protein targeting of different commercially available transduction reagents by transducing a well-studied fluorescently labelled protein (Atto488-bovine serum albumin) into cultured human sarcoma cells. The amount of internalised protein and toxicity differed between the different reagents, but the percentage of transduced cells was consistently high. Furthermore, in all protocols the signals of the transduced Atto488-BSA were predominantly punctual consistent with an endosomal localisation. To overcome the endosomal entrapment, the transduction protocols were combined with a photochemical internalisation (PCI) treatment. Using this combination revealed that an endosomal disruption is highly effective in cell penetrating peptide (CPP) mediated transduction, whereas lipid-mediated transductions lead to a lower signal spreading throughout the cytosol. No change in the signal distribution could be achieved in treatments using non-lipid polymers as a transduction reagent. Therefore, the combination of protein transduction protocols based on CPPs with the endosomolytic treatment PCI can facilitate protein transduction experiments in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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20
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Bruns T, Schickinger S, Wittig R, Schneckenburger H. Preparation strategy and illumination of three-dimensional cell cultures in light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2012; 17:101518. [PMID: 23223994 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.10.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A device for selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) of three-dimensional multicellular spheroids, in culture medium under stationary or microfluidic conditions, is described. Cell spheroids are located in a micro-capillary and a light sheet, for illumination, is generated in an optical setup adapted to a conventional inverse microscope. Layers of the sample, of about 10 μm or less in diameter, are, thus, illuminated selectively and imaged by high resolution fluorescence microscopy. SPIM is operated at low light exposure even if a larger number of layers is imaged and is easily combined with laser scanning microscopy. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a membrane-associated green fluorescent protein are used for preliminary tests, and the uptake of the fluorescent marker, acridine orange via a microfluidic system, is visualized to demonstrate its potential in cancer research such as for the detection of cellular responses to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bruns
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
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21
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Wittig R, Wittig-Blaich S, Kacprzyk L, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Eismann T, Schrader M, Strauss W, Mertens D, Sültmann H. 331 The Microenvironment Regulates Responses to Hepsin Overexpression in Prostate Cancer Cells. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Schneckenburger H, Wagner M, Weber P, Bruns T, Richter V, Strauss WSL, Wittig R. Multi-dimensional fluorescence microscopy of living cells. J Biophotonics 2011; 4:143-149. [PMID: 21287686 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An overview on fluorescence microscopy with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution is given. In addition to 3D microscopy based on confocal, structured or single plane illumination, spectral imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are used to probe the interaction of a fluorescent molecule with its micro-environment. Variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) permits selective measurements of cell membranes or cell-substrate topology in the nanometre scale and is also combined with spectral or time-resolved detection. In addition to single cells or cell monolayers, 3-dimensional cell cultures are of increasing importance, since they are more similar to tissue morphology and function. All methods reported are adapted to low dose of illumination, which is regarded as a key parameter to maintain cell viability. Applications include cancer diagnosis and cell tomography under different physiological conditions.
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23
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Wagner M, Weber P, Bruns T, Strauss WSL, Wittig R, Schneckenburger H. Light dose is a limiting factor to maintain cell viability in fluorescence microscopy and single molecule detection. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:956-966. [PMID: 20479994 PMCID: PMC2869222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A test system for cell viability based on colony formation has been established and applied to high resolution fluorescence microscopy and single molecule detection. Living cells were irradiated either by epi-illumination or by total internal reflection (TIR) of a laser beam, and light doses where at least 90% of irradiated cells survived were determined. These light doses were in the range of a few J/cm2 up to about 200 J/cm2 depending on the wavelength of illumination as well as on the presence or absence of a fluorescent dye (e.g., the membrane marker laurdan). In general, cells were less sensitive to TIR than to epi-illumination. However, comparably high light doses needed for repetitive excitation of single molecules limit the application of super-resolution microscopy to living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, D-73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails:
(M.W.);
(P.W.);
(T.B.)
| | - Petra Weber
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, D-73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails:
(M.W.);
(P.W.);
(T.B.)
| | - Thomas Bruns
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, D-73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails:
(M.W.);
(P.W.);
(T.B.)
| | - Wolfgang S. L. Strauss
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; E-Mails:
(W.S.L.S.);
(R.W.)
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; E-Mails:
(W.S.L.S.);
(R.W.)
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, D-73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails:
(M.W.);
(P.W.);
(T.B.)
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 12, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; E-Mails:
(W.S.L.S.);
(R.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +49-7361-576-3401
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24
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Kacprzyk L, Blaich S, Wittig R, Hudler M, Sültmann H, Mollenhauer J. Abstract A51: Development and initial characterization of isogenic cell lines stably overexpressing prostate cancer candidate genes. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.fbcr09-a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microarray analyses of global changes in gene expression patterns have recovered a large number of genes, which are deregulated in prostate cancer, when compared to normal prostate tissue. In order to successfully translate these data into clinical intervention strategies, it is crucial to determine genes that truly contribute to tumor development (which may be referred to as ‘driver genes’) and to separate them from the majority of secondary anomalies in expression levels (‘passenger genes’). To obtain the missing functional information, we construct isogenic cell line libraries derived from commonly used prostate (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer (LNCaP, PC-3) cell lines and subject them to a range of functional assays.
Using a system for rapid generation of stably-transfected isogenic cell lines, that was developed in our group, we create a prostate cancer library in a two-step procedure. At first, acceptor clones are generated from cancer and normal prostate cell lines by stable integration of a plasmid carrying a recombinase target sequence. Incorporation of a second expression plasmid with the gene of interest is then mediated by site-specific recombination. This procedure allows a facilitated transgene integration into a predefined, transcriptionally active locus. It also minimizes the influence of genetic background, as clones generated within such a library differ among each other only by the presence of the gene of interest in the same chromosomal location. Therefore, in contrast to traditional knock-in strategies, our system ensures that readily interpretable phenotypes are obtained and thereby provides a highly standardized resource for functional gene analysis. The technology is well suited for medium throughput and was designed to link data from high-throughput genomic analyses with functional gene analysis in animal models.
LNCaP and PC-3 acceptor cell lines have been generated and characterized. Recombination of PC-3 with several well-described, cancer-relevant genes under the control of an inducible promoter indicated the feasibility of the method. The next step will include initial screening of the library of roughly 100 recombinants for changes in the cell viability and proliferation. The most promising effectors from the primary screen will be followed with an expanded range of functional assays, addressing their impact on cell cycle, apoptosis and cell migration. This can then serve as a starting point for an individual characterization of the novel prostate cancer genes.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kacprzyk
- 1 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,
| | | | - Rainer Wittig
- 2 Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Melanie Hudler
- 1 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,
| | | | - Jan Mollenhauer
- 3 Molecular Oncology, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Völker HU, Hagemann C, Coy J, Wittig R, Sommer S, Stojic J, Haubitz I, Vince GH, Kämmerer U, Monoranu CM. Expression of transketolase-like 1 and activation of Akt in grade IV glioblastomas compared with grades II and III astrocytic gliomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2008; 130:50-7. [PMID: 18550470 DOI: 10.1309/6h9844ammet82dbj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transketolases link the Embden-Meyerhof pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway. An influence of p-Akt on this metabolism was described. This study was performed to compare the expression of transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) and p-Akt in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other astrocytic gliomas (AGs, grades II and III). We analyzed 15 GBMs, 15 AGs (grade II), and 3 normal brain samples for TKTL1 expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting and 23 GBMs, 9 grade III AGs, and 7 grade II AGs immunohistochemically (TKTL1 and p-Akt). On the protein level, TKTL1 was significantly overexpressed in tumors. Immunohistochemically, the tumor grade significantly correlated with expression of TKTL1. Compared with grades II and III AGs, GBMs showed higher expression of TKTL1, more positive tumors, and a higher percentage of positive tumor cells. The percentage of positive cells for TKTL1 and p-Akt was significantly correlated. These observations could lead to additional therapeutic options targeting a specific blockade of TKTL1 enzyme activity.
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26
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Otto C, Kaemmerer U, Illert B, Muehling B, Pfetzer N, Wittig R, Voelker HU, Thiede A, Coy JF. Growth of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by a ketogenic diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:122. [PMID: 18447912 PMCID: PMC2408928 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer cells are the increase in glucose consumption and the conversion of glucose to lactic acid via the reduction of pyruvate even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumour growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). METHODS Twenty-four female NMRI nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumour cells of the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line 23132/87. The animals were then randomly split into two feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet (KD group; n = 12) or a standard diet (SD group; n = 12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of 600 mm3 to 700 mm3. The two diets were compared based on tumour growth and survival time (interval between tumour cell injection and attainment of target tumour volume). RESULTS The ketogenic diet was well accepted by the KD mice. The tumour growth in the KD group was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. Tumours in the KD group reached the target tumour volume at 34.2 +/- 8.5 days versus only 23.3 +/- 3.9 days in the SD group. After day 20, tumours in the KD group grew faster although the differences in mean tumour growth continued significantly. Importantly, they revealed significantly larger necrotic areas than tumours of the SD group and the areas with vital tumour cells appear to have had fewer vessels than tumours of the SD group. Viable tumour cells in the border zone surrounding the necrotic areas of tumours of both groups exhibited a glycolytic phenotype with expression of glucose transporter-1 and transketolase-like 1 enzyme. CONCLUSION Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and MCT delayed tumour growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the impact of this diet on other tumour-relevant functions such as invasive growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Otto
- Experimental Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg Hospital, Oberdürrbacher Str, 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Aggressive carcinomas ferment glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. This particular metabolism, termed aerobic glycolysis, the glycolytic phenotype, or the Warburg effect, was discovered by Nobel laureate Otto Warburg in the 1920s. Since these times, controversial discussions about the relevance of the fermentation of glucose by tumours took place; however, a majority of cancer researchers considered the Warburg effect as a non-causative epiphenomenon. Recent research demonstrated, that several common oncogenic events favour the expression of the glycolytic phenotype. Moreover, a suppression of the phenotypic features by either substrate limitation, pharmacological intervention, or genetic manipulation was found to mediate potent tumour-suppressive effects. The discovery of the transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) enzyme in aggressive cancers may deliver a missing link in the interpretation of the Warburg effect. TKTL1-activity could be the basis for a rapid fermentation of glucose in aggressive carcinoma cells via the pentose phosphate pathway, which leads to matrix acidification, invasive growth, and ultimately metastasis. TKTL1 expression in certain non-cancerous tissues correlates with aerobic formation of lactate and rapid fermentation of glucose, which may be required for the prevention of advanced glycation end products and the suppression of reactive oxygen species. There is evidence, that the activity of this enzyme and the Warburg effect can be both protective or destructive for the organism. These results place glucose metabolism to the centre of pathogenesis of several civilisation related diseases and raise concerns about the high glycaemic index of various food components commonly consumed in western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- R-Biopharm AG, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Coy
- R-Biopharm AG, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- TAVARTIS GmbH, Kroetengasse 10, 64853 Otzberg, Germany
- Dept. Of Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Wittig R, Coy JF. The role of glucose metabolism and glucose-associated signalling in cancer. Perspect Medicin Chem 2008; 1:64-82. [PMID: 19812737 PMCID: PMC2754915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive carcinomas ferment glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. This particular metabolism, termed aerobic glycolysis, the glycolytic phenotype, or the Warburg effect, was discovered by Nobel laureate Otto Warburg in the 1920s. Since these times, controversial discussions about the relevance of the fermentation of glucose by tumours took place; however, a majority of cancer researchers considered the Warburg effect as a non-causative epiphenomenon. Recent research demonstrated, that several common oncogenic events favour the expression of the glycolytic phenotype. Moreover, a suppression of the phenotypic features by either substrate limitation, pharmacological intervention, or genetic manipulation was found to mediate potent tumour-suppressive effects. The discovery of the transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) enzyme in aggressive cancers may deliver a missing link in the interpretation of the Warburg effect. TKTL1-activity could be the basis for a rapid fermentation of glucose in aggressive carcinoma cells via the pentose phosphate pathway, which leads to matrix acidification, invasive growth, and ultimately metastasis. TKTL1 expression in certain non-cancerous tissues correlates with aerobic formation of lactate and rapid fermentation of glucose, which may be required for the prevention of advanced glycation end products and the suppression of reactive oxygen species. There is evidence, that the activity of this enzyme and the Warburg effect can be both protective or destructive for the organism. These results place glucose metabolism to the centre of pathogenesis of several civilisation related diseases and raise concerns about the high glycaemic index of various food components commonly consumed in western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- R-Biopharm AG, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Coy
- R-Biopharm AG, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany,TAVARTIS GmbH, Kroetengasse 10, 64853 Otzberg, Germany,Dept. Of Gynaecology, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany,Correspondence: Johannes F. Coy, R-Biopharm AG, Landwehrstrasse 54, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany. Tel: +49-171-2869835; or
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29
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Renner M, Bergmann G, Krebs I, End C, Lyer S, Hilberg F, Helmke B, Gassler N, Autschbach F, Bikker F, Strobel-Freidekind O, Gronert-Sum S, Benner A, Blaich S, Wittig R, Hudler M, Ligtenberg AJ, Madsen J, Holmskov U, Annese V, Latiano A, Schirmacher P, Amerongen AVN, D'Amato M, Kioschis P, Hafner M, Poustka A, Mollenhauer J. DMBT1 confers mucosal protection in vivo and a deletion variant is associated with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:1499-509. [PMID: 17983803 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Impaired mucosal defense plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), one of the main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein with predominant expression in the intestine and has been proposed to exert possible functions in regenerative processes and pathogen defense. Here, we aimed at analyzing the role of DMBT1 in IBD. METHODS We studied DMBT1 expression in IBD and normal tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and mRNA in situ hybridization. Genetic polymorphisms within DMBT1 were analyzed in an Italian IBD case-control sample. Dmbt1(-/-) mice were generated, characterized, and analyzed for their susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. RESULTS DMBT1 levels correlate with disease activity in inflamed IBD tissues. A highly significant fraction of the patients with IBD displayed up-regulation of DMBT1 specifically in the intestinal epithelial surface cells and Paneth cells. A deletion allele of DMBT1 with a reduced number of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain coding exons is associated with an increased risk of CD (P = .00056; odds ratio, 1.75) but not for ulcerative colitis. Dmbt1(-/-) mice display enhanced susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and elevated Tnf, Il6, and Nod2 expression levels during inflammation. CONCLUSIONS DMBT1 may play a role in intestinal mucosal protection and prevention of inflammation. Impaired DMBT1 function may contribute to the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Renner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Spahn G, Wittig R, Kahl E, Klinger HM, Mückley T, Hofmann GO. [Evaluation of cartilage defects in the knee: validity of clinical, magnetic-resonance-imaging and radiological findings compared with arthroscopy]. Unfallchirurg 2007; 110:414-24. [PMID: 17323059 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-006-1225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was aimed to evaluate the validity of clinical, radiological and MRI examination for cartilage defects of the knee compared with arthroscopic finding. METHODS Seven-hundred seventy-two patients who were suffering from knee pain over more than 3 months were evaluated clinical (grinding-sign) and with radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent arthroscopy. RESULTS The grinding sign had a sensitivity of 0.39. The association of a positive grinding test with high grade cartilage defects was significant (p<0.000). In 97.4% an intact chondral surface correlated with a normal radiological finding. Subchondral sclerosis, exophytes and a joint space narrowing was significantly associated with high grade cartilage defects (p<0.000). The accuracy of MRI was 59.5%. The MRI resulted in an overestimation in 36.6% and an underestimation in 3.9%. False-positive results were significant more often assessed in low-grade cartilage defects (p<0.000). CONCLUSIONS Clinical signs, x-ray imaging and MRI correlate with arthroscopic findings in cases of deep cartilage lesions. In intact or low-grade degenerated cartilage often results an overestimating of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spahn
- Praxisklinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Sophienstrasse 16, 99817, Eisenach, Germany.
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31
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Hawtin P, Hardern I, Wittig R, Mollenhauer J, Poustka A, Salowsky R, Wulff T, Rizzo C, Wilson B. Utility of lab-on-a-chip technology for high-throughput nucleic acid and protein analysis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3674-81. [PMID: 16136523 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
On-chip electrophoresis can provide size separations of nucleic acids and proteins similar to more traditional slab gel electrophoresis. Lab-on-a-chip (LoaC) systems utilize on-chip electrophoresis in conjunction with sizing calibration, sensitive detection schemes, and sophisticated data analysis to achieve rapid analysis times (<120 s). This work describes the utility of LoaC systems to enable and augment systems biology investigations. RNA quality, as assessed by an RNA integrity number score, is compared to existing quality control (QC) measurements. High-throughput DNA analysis of multiplex PCR samples is used to stratify gene sets for disease discovery. Finally, the applicability of a high-throughput LoaC system for assessing protein purification is demonstrated. The improvements in workflow processes, speed of analysis, data accuracy and reproducibility, and automated data analysis are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hawtin
- Department of Global Sciences and Information, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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32
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Wittig R, Salowsky R, Blaich S, Lyer S, Maa JS, Müller O, Mollenhauer J, Poustka A. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction combined with on-chip electrophoresis as a rapid screening tool for candidate gene sets. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1687-91. [PMID: 15812845 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Combining multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) with microfluidic amplicon analysis, we developed an assay for the rapid and reliable semiquantitative expression screening of 11 candidate genes for drug resistance in human malignant melanoma. The functionality of this approach was demonstrated by low interexperimental variations of amplicon quantities after endpoint analysis. When applied to RNA samples derived from drug-sensitive and -resistant melanoma cell lines, mRT-PCR delivered results qualitatively concordant with data obtained from Northern blot and array analyses. The screening of additional melanoma cell lines resulted in distinct expression patterns for ten candidate genes. Our approach reveals a rapid and easy-to-handle alternative for candidate gene set evaluation from limited amounts of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungs-zentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wittig R, Salowsky R, Blaich S, Lyer S, Maa JS, Müller O, Mollenhauer J, Poustka A. Development of a rapid screening approach for candidate gene sets in cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233571 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Wittig
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Salowsky
- Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - S Blaich
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lyer
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - JS Maa
- Maxim Biotech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - O Müller
- Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - J Mollenhauer
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Poustka
- Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Bikker FJ, Ligtenberg AJM, End C, Renner M, Blaich S, Lyer S, Wittig R, van't Hof W, Veerman ECI, Nazmi K, de Blieck-Hogervorst JMA, Kioschis P, Nieuw Amerongen AV, Poustka A, Mollenhauer J. Bacteria Binding by DMBT1/SAG/gp-340 Is Confined to the VEVLXXXXW Motif in Its Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich Domains. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:47699-703. [PMID: 15355985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) proteins form an archaic group of metazoan proteins characterized by the presence of SRCR domains. These proteins are classified in group A and B based on the number of conserved cysteine residues in their SRCR domains, i.e. six for group A and eight for group B. The protein DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1), which is identical to salivary agglutinin and lung gp-340, belongs to the group B SRCR proteins and is considered to be involved in tumor suppression and host defense by pathogen binding. In a previous study we used nonoverlapping synthetic peptides covering the SRCR consensus sequence to identify a 16-amino acid bacteria-binding protein loop (peptide SRCRP2; QGRVEVLYRGSWGTVC) within the SRCR domains. In this study, using overlapping peptides, we pinpointed the minimal bacteria-binding site on SRCRP2, and thus DMBT1, to an 11-amino acid motif (DMBT1 pathogen-binding site 1 or DMBT1pbs1; GRVEVLYRGSW). An alanine substitution scan revealed that VEVL and Trp are critical residues in this motif. Bacteria binding by DMBT1pbs1 was different from the bacteria binding by the macrophage receptor MARCO in which an RXR motif was critical. In addition, the homologous consensus sequences of a number of SRCR proteins were synthesized and tested for bacteria binding. Only consensus sequences of DMBT1 orthologues bound bacteria by this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit en Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Abstract
Cancer cells have high levels of thioredoxin (Trx) and of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Cells from patients with the cancer-prone disease Fanconi anemia (FA) exhibit reduced Trx levels. We found the activity of GAPDH to correlate directly with the endogenous Trx content and mRNA transcripts for GAPDH and TRx reduced in FA cells. The treatment of cells with reduced human Trx stimulated the synthesis of GAPDH mRNA. Similarly, the transfection of cells with an expression plasmid for Trx increased GAPDH mRNA synthesis. Trx treatment of cells and subsequent analysis of the differential gene expression by human cDNA arrays containing about 50 000 different PCR products resulted in more than 300 up- or downregulated genes. Two representative genes, GAPDH and IkappaBalpha/MAD-3, were further investigated to confirm their stimulation by Trx. Trx besides being the major carrier of redox potential of cells is also a regulator of gene expression on the transcriptional level. By regulation via Trx, cells are able to adapt to the prevailing redox conditions. These findings also enlighten the pathophysiology of FA in the respect that the characteristic diminution of Trx that results in the dysregulation of gene expression is a basis for the major symptoms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kontou
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, Berlin D-14195, Germany
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36
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Mollenhauer J, Helmke B, Medina D, Bergmann G, Gassler N, Müller H, Lyer S, Diedrichs L, Renner M, Wittig R, Blaich S, Hamann U, Madsen J, Holmskov U, Bikker F, Ligtenberg A, Carlén A, Olsson J, Otto HF, O'Malley B, Poustka A. Carcinogen inducibility in vivo and down-regulation of DMBT1 during breast carcinogenesis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 39:185-94. [PMID: 14732920 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) has been proposed as a candidate tumor suppressor for brain and epithelial cancer. Initial studies suggested loss of expression rather than mutation as the predominant mode of DMBT1 inactivation. However, in situ studies in lung cancer demonstrated highly sophisticated changes of DMBT1 expression and localization, pointing to a chronological order of events. Here we report on the investigation of DMBT1 in breast cancer in order to test whether these principles might also be attributable to other tumor types. Comprehensive mutational analyses did not uncover unambiguous inactivating DMBT1 mutations in breast cancer. Expression analyses in the human and mouse mammary glands pointed to the necessity of DMBT1 induction. While age-dependent and hormonal effects could be ruled out, 9 of 10 mice showed induction of Dmbt1 expression after administration of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethybenz(alpha)anthracene prior to the onset of tumorigenesis or other histopathological changes. DMBT1 displayed significant up-regulation in human tumor-flanking tissues compared to in normal breast tissues (P < 0.05). However, the breast tumor cells displayed a switch from lumenal secretion to secretion to the extracellular matrix and a significant down-regulation compared to that in matched normal flanking tissues (P < 0.01). We concluded that loss of expression also is the predominant mode of DMBT1 inactivation in breast cancer. The dynamic behavior of DMBT1 in lung carcinoma is fully reflected in breast cancer, which suggests that this behavior might be common to tumor types arising from monolayered epithelia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Agglutinins
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Carcinogens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/drug effects
- Mutation/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mollenhauer
- Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
INTENTION OF THE STUDY Explanations concerning the physical properties of hyaline cartilage are different. It was the intention of this study to determine the material parameters of hyaline cartilage under axial load (elasticity, plasticity, elasticity and module pressure stress to break). METHODS Specimens from the medial femoral condyle (chondro-cortical ships) from adult female domestic pigs (n=28) were used for the experiments. The specimens were completely embedded in plaster to minimize shearing. Axial load was carried out by an universal mechanical testing machine (Zwick Z2.5/TS1S, Ulm, Germany) to determine elastic and plastic deformation and pressure stress to break. RESULTS Axial load up to 5 MPa produces an almost elastic deformation, an increasing axial load results in a plastic deformation. In the range of 3 to 5 MPa the principle of Hooke is valid. The elasticity module amounted to 39.2 +/- 11.9 N/mm(2), determined under 3.8 MPa axial load. An axial load of 25.8 +/- 5.2 MPa (sigma max ) causes a break of cartilage. A strong correlation between break resistance and thickness of the chondral slice (r=0.71; p < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The low module of chondral elasticity characterizes this tissue as "soft". Moderate axial load causes an ideal elastic, higher axial load a plastic deformation. The medium pressure to break to amounted 25.8 MPa. The medium pressure to break of 25.8 MPa is comparable with the forces produced by an unrestrained limited downfall from a height of 4.3 m. It must be concluded that isolated chondral fractures are rare consequences of a trauma as long as accompanying ligamentous or osseous damages are not found.
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38
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Wittig R, Nessling M, Will RD, Mollenhauer J, Salowsky R, Münstermann E, Schick M, Helmbach H, Gschwendt B, Korn B, Kioschis P, Lichter P, Schadendorf D, Poustka A. Candidate genes for cross-resistance against DNA-damaging drugs. Cancer Res 2002; 62:6698-705. [PMID: 12438269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance of tumor cells leads to major drawbacks in the treatment of cancer. To identify candidate genes for drug resistance, we compared the expression patterns of the drug-sensitive human malignant melanoma cell line MeWo and three derived sublines with acquired resistance to the DNA-damaging agents cisplatin, etoposide, and fotemustine. Subarray analyses confirmed 57 candidate genes recovered from a genome-wide scan for differential expression. By specifically addressing cancer genes we retrieved another set of 209 candidates. Exemplary Northern blot studies indicated qualitative concordance for 110 of 135 (81.4%) data points. Whereas the etoposide-resistant line showed constant expression patterns over a period of approximately 2.5 years, the fotemustine- and cisplatin-resistant sublines exhibited considerable variability. Initially representing distinct entities, these two sublines finally converged in their expression patterns. A total of 110 genes was transiently or permanently deregulated in at least two resistant sublines. Fourteen genes displayed differential expression in all three of the sublines. We hypothesize that the variations in fotemustine and cisplatin resistance are based on progressive optimization and/or polyclonality. This, in addition to genomic alterations investigated by comparative genomic hybridization and evaluation of short-term response genes, can be used as a criterion for the selection of promising candidates. Among these are CYR61, AHCYL1, and MPP1, as well as several apoptosis-related genes, in particular STK17A and CRYAB. As MPP1 and CRYAB are also among the 14 genes differentially expressed in all three of the drug-resistant sublines, they represent the strongest candidates for resistance against DNA-damaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wittig
- Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Salowsky R, Heiss NS, Benner A, Wittig R, Poustka A. Basal transcription activity of the dyskeratosis congenita gene is mediated by Sp1 and Sp3 and a patient mutation in a Sp1 binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity. Gene 2002; 293:9-19. [PMID: 12137939 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The multisystem disorder dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is caused by mutations in the DKC1 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the human telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative Sp1 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the DKC1 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the human and mouse genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the human DKC1 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one patient. By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the DKC1 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 to two of five putative GC-box/Sp1-binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the Sp1 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the DKC1 mutation in one of the Sp1 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Salowsky
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Spahn G, Wittig R. Belastungsstabile Osteosynthese der opening-wedge-Osteotomie des Tibiakopfes - Präliminarer Bericht und Literaturübersicht. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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41
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Waldburger M, Stucki RF, Balagué F, Wittig R. [Early multidisciplinary approach in lumbar pain to prevent development of chronicity]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 2001; 121:581-4. [PMID: 11565220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Waldburger
- Service de rhumatologie, Médecine physique et Rééducation, Hôpital cantonal, Hôpital Daler, Fribourg
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42
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Keel PJ, Wittig R, Deutschmann R, Diethelm U, Knüsel O, Löschmann C, Matathia R, Rudolf T, Spring H. Effectiveness of in-patient rehabilitation for sub-chronic and chronic low back pain by an integrative group treatment program (Swiss Multicentre Study). Scand J Rehabil Med 1998; 30:211-9. [PMID: 9825385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this multicentre intervention study, we compared an integrated group treatment program which combines psychological and education methods into a more active training approach, with the traditional individual approach of physiotherapy and physical procedures for sub-chronic and chronic low back pain. Our 411 patients had a 4-week inpatient treatment: 243 patients in an experimental program and 168 in a traditional program. Outcomes of 283 patients were assessed 3 months and 1 year after entry. The dropout rate was 31.1%. Both conditions demonstrated favourable initial effects on functional and psychological parameters, but the integrated approach showed better long-term results for work rehabilitation than the traditional approach. The most successful patients (n = 58) were younger and had a higher educational level in comparison to the unsuccessful subgroup (n = 71). The main conclusion is that an integrated approach promoting self control and behaviour change through educational measures achieves better long-term results than the traditional individual physiotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Keel
- University Psychiatric Out-Patient Service, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Abstract
This study determined the test-retest reliability of the polysomnographic findings in narcolepsy. The diagnosis of narcolepsy was based on clinical symptoms and polysomnographic signs. Control subjects were screened before participation and were split based on their screening multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) into high- and low-MSLT groups. Subjects completed two polysomnographic evaluations with at least 5 days between laboratory tests. Narcoleptics had lower sleep efficiencies and high stage 1% when compared to the low MSLT control group. They had more awakenings and less stage 2% than the control groups. Narcoleptics had a shorter latency to 1 when compared to the high-MSLT group but comparable to that of the low-MSLT group. Narcoleptics had a higher number of sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) than both control groups. The MSLT scores were stable across the two evaluations and showed a statistically significant correlation. Twenty-eight of the 30 narcoleptic subjects had two or more SOREMPs on reevaluation. None of the controls had multiple SOREMPs. Thus, multiple SOREMPs were shown to be a reliable finding in patients with narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Folkerts
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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44
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Ballach HJ, Wittig R. Reciprocal effects of platinum and lead on the water household of poplar cuttings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1996; 3:3-9. [PMID: 24234877 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/1995] [Accepted: 12/13/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the accumulation rates and effects of platinum as influenced by lead, experiments were performed with poplar cuttings in a growth chamber. The heavy metals were added at a final concentration of 34.8 ppb each to nutrient solutions as PtCl4 and Pb(NO3)2. The variants were 1) control; 2) permanent Pt treatment for 6 weeks; 3) pretreatment with Pt plus subsequent treatment with Pb (three weeks each), and 4) heavy metal application in inverse order to variant 3.The experiments revealed that platinum accumulates in the roots of poplar cuttings to a higher degree than lead. It is translocated from the roots to other plant parts to an extremely low degree. Lead is displaced from the roots by subsequent Pt treatment. Insoluble platinum was found to be associated especially on the cell walls of the rhizodermis and exodermis of the root tips.Accumulation of platinum in the roots leads to a gradual depletion of the plants' water supply. The disturbance of the water household causes a reduction of the transpirational surface, lowered transpiration rates and enhanced root growth. All these alterations are induced as a means of coping water stress.From the results of this experiment, the conclusion can be drawn that, under the chosen experimental conditions, platinum manifests a higher toxicity than lead in plant roots because of its higher accumulation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ballach
- Botanical Institute of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Siesmayerstraße 70, D-60054, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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45
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Moggi E, Hirsbrunner HP, Wittig R, Donati R, Brodbeck J, Bachmann K. Stationäre Behandlung von Patienten mit Doppeldiagnosen. Verhaltenstherapie 1996. [DOI: 10.1159/000258990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The development of software systems for the biosciences is always closely connected to experimental practice. Programs must be able to handle the inherent complexity and heterogeneous structure of biological systems in combination with the measuring equipment. Moreover, a high degree of flexibility is required to treat rapidly changing experimental conditions. Object-oriented methodology seems to be well suited for this purpose. It enables an evolutionary approach to software development that still maintains a high degree of modularity. This paper presents experience with object-oriented technology gathered during several years of programming in the fields of bioprocess development and metabolic engineering. It concentrates on the aspects of experimental support, data analysis, interaction and visualization. Several examples are presented and discussed in the general context of the experimental cycle of knowledge acquisition, thus pointing out the benefits and problems of object-oriented technology in the specific application field of the biosciences. Finally, some strategies for future development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiechert
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.
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47
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Ballach HJ, Niederée C, Wittig R, Woltering EJ. Reactions of cloned poplars to air pollution : Ozone-induced increase of stress ethylene and possible antisenescence strategies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1995; 2:201-206. [PMID: 24234686 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-induced changes in ethylene production, ACC oxidase activity and the contents of ACC, MACC and free PAs were studied inPopulus nigra L. cv. Loenen with high ozone sensitivity as judged by the degree of chlorophyll degradation and premature leaf abscission.Ethylene production, ACC oxidase activity, ACC content and MACC levels were induced by the one-, two-, and three-week ozone exposure (36±9 ppb O3 for 11 hours a day). In addition, increases in PA levels, especially in spermidine, were measured in ozone treated plants.The role of free PAs and MACC synthesis as possible antisenescence reactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ballach
- Botanisches Institut der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Siesmayerstraße 70, D-60054, Frankfurt, Germany
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48
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Schüler P, Stefan H, Schuierer G, Hentschel D, Ladebeck R, Wittig R, Huk W, Neundörfer B. [4-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy]. Nervenarzt 1991; 62:740-4. [PMID: 1686634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
7 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and localized EEG-focus were investigated with a 4 Tesla whole body MR-scanner. Proton (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectra were analyzed quantitatively and compared to the healthy side. MRS allowed the differentiation of the following metabolites in 5 patients: N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine, phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine, beta- and gamma-glutamate (GLU). To compare the results with those of an already evaluated normal population, these metabolites were measured also in parietal region. The standard deviation was 42-46% in the patients. Unfortunately, in the temporal region, the field homogeneity was worse than parietal and thus the spectral analysis less distinct especially for GLU with a standard deviation of 45% for NAA and 66% for GLU on the healthy side. Thus, no significant findings were seen on focus side. There was only a tendency to an elevation of glutamate and a reduction of N-acetyl-aspartate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schüler
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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Abstract
Multiple site specific procedures have been proposed to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Midline glossectomy (MLG) is a procedure that directly enlarges the hypopharyngeal airspace using the carbon dioxide laser. The initial experience of 12 patients is presented. Midline glossectomy as the sole procedure was performed on 11 patients who had failed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and who were felt to have significant hypopharyngeal collapse on physical examination and Müller's maneuver. One patient with primary hypopharyngeal narrowing underwent MLG. Five (42%) were considered responders with Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) decreasing from 60.6 per hour to 14.5 per hour. In seven nonresponders, there was no significant change in the RDI (62.6 events per hour to 48.4 events per hour). Cephalometric analysis showed that responders tended to be more retrognathic (sella-nasion-supramentale (S-N-B = 74.4 degrees)) than nonresponders (S-N-B = 79.3 degrees). Responders were significantly less obese (body mass index (BMI = 30.6)) than nonresponders (BMI = 37.9). There were five minor complications including minor bleeding (n = 3), prolonged odynophagia (n = 1), and minor change in taste (n = 1). There were no major complications, and no persistent difficulties with speech or swallowing. These results demonstrate that direct surgical modification of the tongue base and associated structures can significantly impact obstructive apnea. Midline glossectomy or similar procedures may be useful in a subset of patients with OSAS.
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Perrez M, Wittig R, Tschopp C. [Mood and body image of women after surgery for breast cancer]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1991; 41:6-10. [PMID: 2017549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the following study is an intensive, longitudinal assessment of psychophysical well-being, stress and stress development after breast cancer diagnosis and surgery. 15 patients were investigated by means of a semistructured diary guiding to systematic daily self-observation during the first ninety days after primary treatment. Although the general trend over time is positive, the results show a considerable variability in the development of mood and body states which cannot exhaustively be explained by medical parameters. The experience of stress is often related to somatic disorders and adjuvant treatment. The results afford an insight in the psychological characteristics of this difficult period and may help to support the patient's rehabilitation more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perrez
- Psychologisches Institut Fribourg
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