1
|
Harvey-Jones E, Raghunandan M, Robbez-Masson L, Magraner-Pardo L, Alaguthurai T, Yablonovitch A, Yen J, Xiao H, Brough R, Frankum J, Song F, Yeung J, Savy T, Gulati A, Alexander J, Kemp H, Starling C, Konde A, Marlow R, Cheang M, Proszek P, Hubank M, Cai M, Trendell J, Lu R, Liccardo R, Ravindran N, Llop-Guevara A, Rodriguez O, Balmana J, Lukashchuk N, Dorschner M, Drusbosky L, Roxanis I, Serra V, Haider S, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Tutt ANJ. Longitudinal profiling identifies co-occurring BRCA1/2 reversions, TP53BP1, RIF1 and PAXIP1 mutations in PARP inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:364-380. [PMID: 38244928 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to therapies that target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer limits their overall effectiveness. Multiple, preclinically validated, mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, but their existence and relative frequency in clinical disease are unclear, as is how to target resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Longitudinal mutation and methylation profiling of circulating tumour (ct)DNA was carried out in 47 patients with metastatic BRCA1-, BRCA2- or PALB2-mutant breast cancer treated with HRD-targeted therapy who developed progressive disease-18 patients had primary resistance and 29 exhibited response followed by resistance. ctDNA isolated at multiple time points in the patient treatment course (before, on-treatment and at progression) was sequenced using a novel >750-gene intron/exon targeted sequencing panel. Where available, matched tumour biopsies were whole exome and RNA sequenced and also used to assess nuclear RAD51. RESULTS BRCA1/2 reversion mutations were present in 60% of patients and were the most prevalent form of resistance. In 10 cases, reversions were detected in ctDNA before clinical progression. Two new reversion-based mechanisms were identified: (i) intragenic BRCA1/2 deletions with intronic breakpoints; and (ii) intragenic BRCA1/2 secondary mutations that formed novel splice acceptor sites, the latter being confirmed by in vitro minigene reporter assays. When seen before commencing subsequent treatment, reversions were associated with significantly shorter time to progression. Tumours with reversions retained HRD mutational signatures but had functional homologous recombination based on RAD51 status. Although less frequent than reversions, nonreversion mechanisms [loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TP53BP1, RIF1 or PAXIP1] were evident in patients with acquired resistance and occasionally coexisted with reversions, challenging the notion that singular resistance mechanisms emerge in each patient. CONCLUSIONS These observations map the prevalence of candidate drivers of resistance across time in a clinical setting, information with implications for clinical management and trial design in HRD breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Harvey-Jones
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK
| | - M Raghunandan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Robbez-Masson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Magraner-Pardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Alaguthurai
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | | | - J Yen
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - H Xiao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F Song
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Yeung
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Savy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Alexander
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Kemp
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Starling
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Konde
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Proszek
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Hubank
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Cai
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - J Trendell
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Lu
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Liccardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - N Ravindran
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - O Rodriguez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Balmana
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - I Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - C J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - A N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baxter JS, Brough R, Krastev DB, Song F, Sridhar S, Gulati A, Alexander J, Roumeliotis TI, Kozik Z, Choudhary JS, Haider S, Pettitt SJ, Tutt ANJ, Lord CJ. Cancer-associated FBXW7 loss is synthetic lethal with pharmacological targeting of CDC7. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:369-385. [PMID: 37866880 PMCID: PMC10850818 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) tumour suppressor gene encodes a substrate-recognition subunit of Skp, cullin, F-box (SCF)-containing complexes. The tumour-suppressive role of FBXW7 is ascribed to its ability to drive ubiquitination and degradation of oncoproteins. Despite this molecular understanding, therapeutic approaches that target defective FBXW7 have not been identified. Using genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screens, focussed RNA-interference screens and whole and phospho-proteome mass spectrometry profiling in multiple FBXW7 wild-type and defective isogenic cell lines, we identified a number of FBXW7 synthetic lethal targets, including proteins involved in the response to replication fork stress and proteins involved in replication origin firing, such as cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (CDC7) and its substrate, DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5 (GINS4). The CDC7 synthetic lethal effect was confirmed using small-molecule inhibitors. Mechanistically, FBXW7/CDC7 synthetic lethality is dependent upon the replication factor telomere-associated protein RIF1 (RIF1), with RIF1 silencing reversing the FBXW7-selective effects of CDC7 inhibition. The delineation of FBXW7 synthetic lethal effects we describe here could serve as the starting point for subsequent drug discovery and/or development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Dragomir B. Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Feifei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Sandhya Sridhar
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - John Alexander
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | | | - Zuza Kozik
- Functional Proteomics LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Jyoti S. Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Andrew N. J. Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function LaboratoryThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bland P, Saville H, Wai PT, Curnow L, Muirhead G, Nieminuszczy J, Ravindran N, John MB, Hedayat S, Barker HE, Wright J, Yu L, Mavrommati I, Read A, Peck B, Allen M, Gazinska P, Pemberton HN, Gulati A, Nash S, Noor F, Guppy N, Roxanis I, Pratt G, Oldreive C, Stankovic T, Barlow S, Kalirai H, Coupland SE, Broderick R, Alsafadi S, Houy A, Stern MH, Pettit S, Choudhary JS, Haider S, Niedzwiedz W, Lord CJ, Natrajan R. SF3B1 hotspot mutations confer sensitivity to PARP inhibition by eliciting a defective replication stress response. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1311-1323. [PMID: 37524790 PMCID: PMC10412459 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
SF3B1 hotspot mutations are associated with a poor prognosis in several tumor types and lead to global disruption of canonical splicing. Through synthetic lethal drug screens, we identify that SF3B1 mutant (SF3B1MUT) cells are selectively sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), independent of hotspot mutation and tumor site. SF3B1MUT cells display a defective response to PARPi-induced replication stress that occurs via downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 interacting protein (CINP), leading to increased replication fork origin firing and loss of phosphorylated CHK1 (pCHK1; S317) induction. This results in subsequent failure to resolve DNA replication intermediates and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These defects are rescued through CINP overexpression, or further targeted by a combination of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and PARP inhibition. In vivo, PARPi produce profound antitumor effects in multiple SF3B1MUT cancer models and eliminate distant metastases. These data provide the rationale for testing the clinical efficacy of PARPi in a biomarker-driven, homologous recombination proficient, patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bland
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Harry Saville
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patty T Wai
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lucinda Curnow
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gareth Muirhead
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Nivedita Ravindran
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marie Beatrix John
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Somaieh Hedayat
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Holly E Barker
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Wright
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lu Yu
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Mavrommati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Abigail Read
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Team, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Mark Allen
- Biological Services Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sarah Nash
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Farzana Noor
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Naomi Guppy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ceri Oldreive
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha Barlow
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ronan Broderick
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Samar Alsafadi
- Inserm U830, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Houy
- Inserm U830, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Stephen Pettit
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zelceski A, Francica P, Lingg L, Mutlu M, Stok C, Liptay M, Alexander J, Baxter JS, Brough R, Gulati A, Haider S, Raghunandan M, Song F, Sridhar S, Forment JV, O'Connor MJ, Davies BR, van Vugt MATM, Krastev DB, Pettitt SJ, Tutt ANJ, Rottenberg S, Lord CJ. MND1 and PSMC3IP control PARP inhibitor sensitivity in mitotic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112484. [PMID: 37163373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PSMC3IP-MND1 heterodimer promotes meiotic D loop formation before DNA strand exchange. In genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and interference screens in mitotic cells, depletion of PSMC3IP or MND1 causes sensitivity to poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) used in cancer treatment. PSMC3IP or MND1 depletion also causes ionizing radiation sensitivity. These effects are independent of PSMC3IP/MND1's role in mitotic alternative lengthening of telomeres. PSMC3IP- or MND1-depleted cells accumulate toxic RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage, show impaired homology-directed DNA repair, and become PARPi sensitive, even in cells lacking both BRCA1 and TP53BP1. Epistasis between PSMC3IP-MND1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 defects suggest that abrogated D loop formation is the cause of PARPi sensitivity. Wild-type PSMC3IP reverses PARPi sensitivity, whereas a PSMC3IP p.Glu201del mutant associated with D loop defects and ovarian dysgenesis does not. These observations suggest that meiotic proteins such as MND1 and PSMC3IP have a greater role in mitotic DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Zelceski
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Liptay
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Alexander
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joseph S Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Maya Raghunandan
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Feifei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sandhya Sridhar
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baboolal HA, Gulati A. Residual unabsorbed midazolam: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:118. [PMID: 36964603 PMCID: PMC10039542 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral midazolam is commonly administered to reduce anxiety in children presenting for medical procedures or surgery. It is unclear what volume of medication remains unabsorbed in the stomach when the child presents for anesthetic induction prior to these procedures. The presence of any significant residual medication in the stomach has significant clinical implications in the postoperative period. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year-old white Caucasian boy presented for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after receiving oral midazolam liquid. Insertion of the endoscope into the stomach revealed a significant amount of unabsorbed medication remaining within the gastric cavity. CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware that the sedative effects of midazolam may be present before the medication is fully absorbed. A significant amount of unabsorbed medication may be present in the stomach during medical procedures/surgery. This may continue to be absorbed in the intraoperative and postoperative period, with unwanted clinical effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth A Baboolal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina Hospital, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - A Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bland P, Saville H, Read A, Wai P, Muirhead G, Curnow L, Nieminuszczy J, Ravindran N, John M, Hedayat S, Barker H, Wright J, Yu L, Mavrommati I, Peck B, Allen M, Gazinska P, Pemberton H, Gulati A, Nash S, Noor F, Guppy N, Roxanis I, Barlow S, Kalirai H, Coupland S, Broderick R, Alsafadi S, Houy A, Stern MH, Pettit S, Choudhary J, Haider S, Niedzwiedz W, Lord C, Natrajan R. Abstract P6-10-05: Mutations in the RNA Splicing Factor SF3B1 drive endocrine therapy resistance and confer a targetable replication stress response defect through PARP inhibition. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p6-10-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Heterozygous hotspot mutations in the RNA splicing factor SF3B1, occur in 3% of unselected breast cancers and are associated with oestrogen receptor (ER+) breast cancer (BC) where they are enriched in metastatic disease and are associated with a poor clinical outcome. SF3B1 mutations drive distinct signatures of alternative splicing through cryptic 3’ splice site selection leading to global transcriptomic and proteomic changes. The functional consequences of the mis-splicing events and resultant genetic vulnerabilities are poorly understood and precision medicine approaches that exploit these characteristics are not clinically available (Table 1).
Methods: To understand the role of SF3B1 mutations in ER+ BC, we generated a series of SF3B1 mutant (SF3B1MUT) isogenic cell lines which were characterised using RNA-sequencing and high content mass-spectrometry proteomic profiling. SF3B1 interactome analysis was also performed using immunoprecipitation of SF3B1 followed by mass-spectrometry. The molecular consequences of aberrant splicing were investigated using a targeted screening approach of 280 genes predicted to be alternatively spliced in SF3B1MUT BC, while high-throughput drug screens were used to identify novel therapeutic options for patients with SF3B1MUT breast cancer using isogenic cells. Hits were validated in vitro and in vivo using cell line and patient derived xenografts.
Results: Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of SF3B1MUT cells identified global alternative 3’ splice site selection and subsequent proteomic changes induced by the mutations. Investigation of the SF3B1K700E interactome identified an enrichment of SF3B1K700E binding with ER, aberrant splicing of ER target genes, global rewiring of ER chromatin binding and resistance to endocrine therapy. Silencing of the aberrantly spliced candidate genes PPIH, TRIM37, HIGD1A, BRD9, and PHKG2 significantly enhanced the growth of the SF3B1 mutant cells, suggestive of a dose dependent tumour suppressive effect.
Through synthetic-lethal drug screens we found that SF3B1MUT cells are selectively sensitive to PARP inhibitors. SF3B1MUT cells display a defective response to PARPi induced replication stress. Mechanistically, this occurs via defective ATR signalling in SF3B1MUT cells, which upon PARPi exposure leads to increased replication origin firing and loss of pChk1 (S317) induction. The resultant replication stress leads to failure to resolve DNA replication intermediates via the endonuclease MUS81 and cell cycle stalling at the G2/M checkpoint. These defects can be further targeted by ATM, CDK7 or FACT inhibition, when used in combination with PARPi treatment. This SF3B1MUT selective PARPi sensitivity is preserved across multiple cell lines and patient derived tumour models. In vivo, PARPi produce profound anti-tumour effects in multiple SF3B1MUT cancer models and eliminate distant metastases.
Conclusions: Our integrative analysis reveals mechanistic insight into the role of SF3B1 mutations in endocrine therapy response in ER+ breast cancers, where altered SF3B1 induces ER-transcriptional re-programming. We further identified a robust synthetic-lethal relationship of mutant SF3B1 with PARP inhibition that is caused by a defective response to PARPi induced replication stress. Furthermore, we identified several potential selective combination strategies together with PARPi that are selective for SF3B1MUT cells. Together, these data provide the pre-clinical and mechanistic rationale for assessing already-approved PARPi in a biomarker-defined subset of advanced ER+ BC.
Table 1. Identified potential therapies for SF3B1 mutant cancers from this study and the literature
Citation Format: Phil Bland, Harry Saville, Abigail Read, Patty Wai, Gareth Muirhead, Lucinda Curnow, Jadwiga Nieminuszczy, Nivedita Ravindran, Marie John, Somaieh Hedayat, Holly Barker, James Wright, Lu Yu, Ioanna Mavrommati, Barrie Peck, Mark Allen, Patrycja Gazinska, Helen Pemberton, Aditi Gulati, Sarah Nash, Farzana Noor, Naomi Guppy, Ioannis Roxanis, Samantha Barlow, Helen Kalirai, Sarah Coupland, Ronan Broderick, Samar Alsafadi, Alexandre Houy, Marc-Henri Stern, Stephen Pettit, Jyoti Choudhary, Syed Haider, Wojciech Niedzwiedz, Christopher Lord, Rachael Natrajan. Mutations in the RNA Splicing Factor SF3B1 drive endocrine therapy resistance and confer a targetable replication stress response defect through PARP inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-05.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Bland
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Saville
- 2The Institute of Cancer Research, London,, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Read
- 3The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patty Wai
- 4The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucinda Curnow
- 6The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marie John
- 9The Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
| | | | - Holly Barker
- 11The Institute of Cancer Research, London, Australia
| | - James Wright
- 12The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Yu
- 13The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barrie Peck
- 15Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Allen
- 16The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Aditi Gulati
- 19The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nash
- 20The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzana Noor
- 21The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Guppy
- 22The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- 23Breast Cancer Now Toby Robinsons Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - Samantha Barlow
- 24Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Kalirai
- 25Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Coupland
- 26Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alexandre Houy
- 29Inserm U830, PSL University, Institut Curie, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Pettit
- 31The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Syed Haider
- 33Breast Cancer Now Toby Robinsons Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Serra V, Wang AT, Castroviejo-Bermejo M, Polanska UM, Palafox M, Herencia-Ropero A, Jones GN, Lai Z, Armenia J, Michopoulos F, Llop-Guevara A, Brough R, Gulati A, Pettitt SJ, Bulusu KC, Nikkilä J, Wilson Z, Hughes A, Wijnhoven PW, Ahmed A, Bruna A, Gris-Oliver A, Guzman M, Rodríguez O, Grueso J, Arribas J, Cortés J, Saura C, Lau A, Critchlow S, Dougherty B, Caldas C, Mills GB, Barrett JC, Forment JV, Cadogan E, Lord CJ, Cruz C, Balmaña J, O'Connor MJ. Identification of a Molecularly-Defined Subset of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Models that Respond to WEE1 or ATR Inhibition, Overcoming PARP Inhibitor Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4536-4550. [PMID: 35921524 PMCID: PMC9561606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARP inhibitors (PARPi) induce synthetic lethality in homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient tumors and are used to treat breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Multiple PARPi resistance mechanisms exist, most resulting in restoration of HRR and protection of stalled replication forks. ATR inhibition was highlighted as a unique approach to reverse both aspects of resistance. Recently, however, a PARPi/WEE1 inhibitor (WEE1i) combination demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity associated with the induction of replication stress, suggesting another approach to tackling PARPi resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed breast and ovarian patient-derived xenoimplant models resistant to PARPi to quantify WEE1i and ATR inhibitor (ATRi) responses as single agents and in combination with PARPi. Biomarker analysis was conducted at the genetic and protein level. Metabolite analysis by mass spectrometry and nucleoside rescue experiments ex vivo were also conducted in patient-derived models. RESULTS Although WEE1i response was linked to markers of replication stress, including STK11/RB1 and phospho-RPA, ATRi response associated with ATM mutation. When combined with olaparib, WEE1i could be differentiated from the ATRi/olaparib combination, providing distinct therapeutic strategies to overcome PARPi resistance by targeting the replication stress response. Mechanistically, WEE1i sensitivity was associated with shortage of the dNTP pool and a concomitant increase in replication stress. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the replication stress response is a valid therapeutic option to overcome PARPi resistance including tumors without an underlying HRR deficiency. These preclinical insights are now being tested in several clinical trials where the PARPi is administered with either the WEE1i or the ATRi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Palafox
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Herencia-Ropero
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Zhongwu Lai
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Zena Wilson
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Hughes
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ambar Ahmed
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guzman
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Grueso
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- CIBERONC, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Growth Factors Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer and Melanoma Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Lau
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Cell Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- High Risk and Familial Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- High Risk and Familial Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zatreanu D, Robinson H, Alkhatib O, Boursier M, Finch H, Geo L, Grande D, Grinkevich V, Heald R, Langdon S, Majithiya J, McWhirter C, Martin N, Moore S, Neves J, Rajendra E, Ranzani M, Schaedler T, Stockley M, Wiggins K, Brough R, Sridhar S, Gulati A, Shao N, Badder L, Novo D, Knight E, Marlow R, Haider S, Callen E, Hewitt G, Schimmel J, Prevo R, Alli C, Ferdinand A, Bell C, Blencowe P, Bot C, Calder M, Charles M, Curry J, Ekwuru T, Nussenzweig A, Tijsterman M, Tutt AN, Boulton S, Higgins G, Pettitt SJ, Smith GC, Lord CJ. Abstract 5697: Targeting PARP inhibitor resistance with Polθ inhibitors. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To target DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer, we discovered nanomolar potent, selective, low molecular weight (MW), allosteric inhibitors of the polymerase function of DNA polymerase Polθ, including ART558. ART558 inhibits the major Polθ-mediated DNA repair process, Theta-Mediated End Joining (TMEJ), without targeting Non-Homologous End Joining. Moreover, we show that exposure to ART558 can elicit DNA damage and synthetic lethality in BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutant tumor cells and enhances the effects of a PARP inhibitor. Genetic perturbation screening revealed that defects in the 53BP1/Shieldin complex, which are a cause of PARP inhibitor resistance, result in in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to Polθ polymerase inhibitors. Mechanistically, ART558 increases biomarkers of single-stranded DNA and synthetic lethality in 53BP1-defective cells. The inhibition of DNA nucleases that promote end-resection, such as Exo1 or Blm-Dna2 reversed these effects, implicating these in the synthetic lethal mechanism-of-action. Taken together, these observations describe a drug class that elicits BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and PARP inhibitor synergy, as well as targeting a biomarker-defined mechanism of PARPi-resistance.
Citation Format: Diana Zatreanu, Helen Robinson, Omar Alkhatib, Marie Boursier, Harry Finch, Lerin Geo, Diego Grande, Vera Grinkevich, Robert Heald, Sophie Langdon, Jayesh Majithiya, Claire McWhirter, Niall Martin, Shaun Moore, Joana Neves, Eeson Rajendra, Marco Ranzani, Theresia Schaedler, Martin Stockley, Kimberley Wiggins, Rachel Brough, Sandhya Sridhar, Aditi Gulati, Nan Shao, Luted Badder, Daniela Novo, Eleanor Knight, Rebecca Marlow, Syed Haider, Elsa Callen, Graeme Hewitt, Joost Schimmel, Remko Prevo, Christina Alli, Amanda Ferdinand, Cameron Bell, Peter Blencowe, Chris Bot, Mathew Calder, Mark Charles, Jayne Curry, Tennyson Ekwuru, Andre Nussenzweig, Marcel Tijsterman, Andrew N. Tutt, Simon Boulton, Geoff Higgins, Stephen J. Pettitt, Graeme C. Smith, Christopher J. Lord. Targeting PARP inhibitor resistance with Polθ inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5697.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lerin Geo
- 2Artios Pharma, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Brough
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aditi Gulati
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Shao
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luted Badder
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Novo
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Syed Haider
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elsa Callen
- 3National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- 4The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Remko Prevo
- 6Medical Research Council Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Alli
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ferdinand
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Bell
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Blencowe
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bot
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Calder
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Charles
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Curry
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tennyson Ekwuru
- 7CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Simon Boulton
- 4The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Higgins
- 6Medical Research Council Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hodgson H, Golmohamad R, Gulati A, Pandit H, Palan J, Giannoudis P, Howard A. Patient perspectives on elective orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between patients from different ethnic backgrounds. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:346-352. [PMID: 34939846 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suspending elective surgery during the first wave of coronavirus (COVID-19) led to record-breaking numbers of patients on waiting lists. Patients in Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. This study compares the perspectives of patients from different ethnic backgrounds on the return to elective surgery. METHODS Some 151 patients were sampled from cancelled operating lists at two hospitals. Semi-structured interviews focused on the impact of COVID-19, and views about resuming elective surgery. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-iten Scale (GAD-7) measured anxiety. A visual analogue scale (VAS) measured pain. Data were analysed using exploratory thematic analysis. RESULTS Fewer BAME patients were pleased about restarting surgery, compared with white patients (47.3% vs 82.6%, p<0.001), and a greater proportion wanted to postpone their operation until after the pandemic (21.8% vs 9.3%, p=0.048). White/white British patients had higher GAD-7 scores (2 (0-21) vs 0 (0-16), p=0.009). Black/Black British patients had significantly higher VAS scores compared with white/white British and Asian/Asian British patients (85 vs 75 vs 70 respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The delay in surgery due to the pandemic has had a devastating impact on patients awaiting operations. The variation in pain and anxiety levels between ethnic groups must be addressed when redesigning services to avoid discrepancies in postoperative clinical outcomes. Patients in BAME groups are more likely to postpone their operation, which may lead to further health deterioration, psychosocial and socio-economic consequences, and poorer clinical outcomes following surgery. The thoughts, feelings and concerns of all must be considered when redesigning services to prevent health inequalities between patients from different backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodgson
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - A Gulati
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, UK
| | - H Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - J Palan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - P Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - A Howard
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK.,NDORMS, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zatreanu DA, Robinson HMR, Alkhatib O, Boursier M, Finch H, Geo L, Grande D, Grinkevich V, Heald R, Langdon S, Majithiya J, McWhirter C, Martin NMB, Moore S, Neves J, Rajendra E, Ranzani M, Schaedler T, Stockley M, Wiggins K, Brough R, Sridhar S, Gulati A, Shao N, Badder LM, Novo D, Knight EG, Marlow R, Haider S, Callen E, Hewitt G, Schimmel J, Prevo R, Alli C, Ferdinand A, Bell C, Blencowe P, Calder M, Charles M, Curry J, Ekwuru T, Ewings K, Nussenzweig A, Tijsterman M, Tutt A, Boulton SJ, Higgins GS, Pettitt S, Smith GCM, Lord CJ. Abstract P056: Polθ inhibitors elicit BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and target PARP inhibitor resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To target DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer, we discovered nanomolar potent, selective, low molecular weight, allosteric inhibitors of the polymerase function of DNA polymerase Theta (Polθ), including ART558. ART558 inhibits the major Polθ-mediated DNA repair process, Theta-Mediated End Joining (TMEJ), without targeting Non-Homologous End Joining. Moreover, we show that exposure to ART558 can elicit DNA damage and synthetic lethality in BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutant tumour cells and enhances the effects of a PARP inhibitor. Genetic perturbation screening revealed that defects in the 53BP1/Shieldin complex, which are a cause of PARP inhibitor resistance, result in in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to Polθ polymerase inhibitors. Mechanistically, ART558 increases biomarkers of single-stranded DNA and synthetic lethality in 53BP1-defective cells. The inhibition of DNA nucleases that promote end-resection reversed these effects, suggesting that resection via Exo1 or Blm-Dna2 being a cause, at least in part, of the ART558 sensitivity phenotype. Taken together, these observations describe a drug class that elicits BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and PARP inhibitor synergy, as well as targeting a biomarker-defined mechanism of PARPi-resistance.
Citation Format: Diana A. Zatreanu, Helen M. R. Robinson, Omar Alkhatib, Marie Boursier, Harry Finch, Lerin Geo, Diego Grande, Vera Grinkevich, Robert Heald, Sophie Langdon, Jayesh Majithiya, Claire McWhirter, Niall M. B. Martin, Shaun Moore, Joana Neves, Eeson Rajendra, Marco Ranzani, Theresia Schaedler, Martin Stockley, Kimberley Wiggins, Rachel Brough, Sandhya Sridhar, Aditi Gulati, Nan Shao, Luned M Badder, Daniela Novo, Eleanor G. Knight, Rebecca Marlow, Syed Haider, Elsa Callen, Graeme Hewitt, Joost Schimmel, Remko Prevo, Christina Alli, Amanda Ferdinand, Cameron Bell, Peter Blencowe, Mathew Calder, Mark Charles, Jayne Curry, Tennyson Ekwuru, Katherine Ewings, Andre Nussenzweig, Marcel Tijsterman, Andrew Tutt, Simon J. Boulton, Geoff S. Higgins, Steve Pettitt, Graeme C. M. Smith, Christopher J. Lord. Polθ inhibitors elicit BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and target PARP inhibitor resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P056.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lerin Geo
- 2Artios Pharma, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Brough
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Aditi Gulati
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Nan Shao
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Luned M Badder
- 3The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Daniela Novo
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | - Syed Haider
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Graeme Hewitt
- 5The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Remko Prevo
- 7MRC-University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,
| | - Christina Alli
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Amanda Ferdinand
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Cameron Bell
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Peter Blencowe
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Mathew Calder
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Mark Charles
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Jayne Curry
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Tennyson Ekwuru
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | - Katherine Ewings
- 8CRUK-Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | - Andrew Tutt
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | - Steve Pettitt
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barrett AW, Garg M, Armstrong D, Bisase BS, Newman L, Norris PM, Shelley M, Tighe JV, Hyde NC, Chaston NJ, Gulati A. CYSTIC SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE JAWS: TWELVE CASES HIGHLIGHTING HISTOPATHOLOGIC PITFALLS. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Zatreanu D, Robinson HMR, Alkhatib O, Boursier M, Finch H, Geo L, Grande D, Grinkevich V, Heald RA, Langdon S, Majithiya J, McWhirter C, Martin NMB, Moore S, Neves J, Rajendra E, Ranzani M, Schaedler T, Stockley M, Wiggins K, Brough R, Sridhar S, Gulati A, Shao N, Badder LM, Novo D, Knight EG, Marlow R, Haider S, Callen E, Hewitt G, Schimmel J, Prevo R, Alli C, Ferdinand A, Bell C, Blencowe P, Bot C, Calder M, Charles M, Curry J, Ekwuru T, Ewings K, Krajewski W, MacDonald E, McCarron H, Pang L, Pedder C, Rigoreau L, Swarbrick M, Wheatley E, Willis S, Wong AC, Nussenzweig A, Tijsterman M, Tutt A, Boulton SJ, Higgins GS, Pettitt SJ, Smith GCM, Lord CJ. Polθ inhibitors elicit BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and target PARP inhibitor resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3636. [PMID: 34140467 PMCID: PMC8211653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify approaches to target DNA repair vulnerabilities in cancer, we discovered nanomolar potent, selective, low molecular weight (MW), allosteric inhibitors of the polymerase function of DNA polymerase Polθ, including ART558. ART558 inhibits the major Polθ-mediated DNA repair process, Theta-Mediated End Joining, without targeting Non-Homologous End Joining. In addition, ART558 elicits DNA damage and synthetic lethality in BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutant tumour cells and enhances the effects of a PARP inhibitor. Genetic perturbation screening revealed that defects in the 53BP1/Shieldin complex, which cause PARP inhibitor resistance, result in in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to small molecule Polθ polymerase inhibitors. Mechanistically, ART558 increases biomarkers of single-stranded DNA and synthetic lethality in 53BP1-defective cells whilst the inhibition of DNA nucleases that promote end-resection reversed these effects, implicating these in the synthetic lethal mechanism-of-action. Taken together, these observations describe a drug class that elicits BRCA-gene synthetic lethality and PARP inhibitor synergy, as well as targeting a biomarker-defined mechanism of PARPi-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zatreanu
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen M R Robinson
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Omar Alkhatib
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Boursier
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Finch
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lerin Geo
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diego Grande
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vera Grinkevich
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Heald
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Langdon
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jayesh Majithiya
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire McWhirter
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niall M B Martin
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun Moore
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Neves
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eeson Rajendra
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Ranzani
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Theresia Schaedler
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Stockley
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kimberley Wiggins
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sandhya Sridhar
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nan Shao
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Luned M Badder
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Novo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Eleanor G Knight
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elsa Callen
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joost Schimmel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remko Prevo
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Alli
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda Ferdinand
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cameron Bell
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Blencowe
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Bot
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew Calder
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Charles
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jayne Curry
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tennyson Ekwuru
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Ewings
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellen MacDonald
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hollie McCarron
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leon Pang
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Pedder
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurent Rigoreau
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Swarbrick
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Wheatley
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Willis
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Ching Wong
- Cancer Research UK, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Boulton
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Geoff S Higgins
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Graeme C M Smith
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tahir M, Rahman U, Gulati A. 383 An International Comparison of Competency-Based Orthopaedic Curricula and Minimum Operative Numbers. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The requirements for completion of surgical training can vary across different countries. This review aims to assess key differences among orthopaedic curricula in selected high-income countries, focusing on their criteria for assessing technical competence for completion of training.
Method
Current orthopaedic training curricula in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany were reviewed. Data extracted included training duration, minimum or desirable operative experience requirements, methods, and timing of in-training assessments.
Results
The overall training duration ranged between 9-10 years in the UK and Australia, compared to 5-6 years in all other countries. While operative logbook was an essential component of formative and end-of-training reviews in all countries, minimum indicative numbers in index operations were a requirement only in the UK (minimum total required; 1800, index operations; 365) and USA (minimum total required; 1000, index operations; 455). On average, USA residents performed 1,700 procedures compared to German residents performing 730 procedures before completion of training.
Conclusions
There is a lack of robust data describing the operative experiences of orthopaedic trainees outside of the UK and USA. Contrary to common perception, surgeons exiting training and entering independent practice in the above countries are not trained to the same minimum standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tahir
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - U Rahman
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Gulati
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dreyer SB, Upstill-Goddard R, Paulus-Hock V, Paris C, Lampraki EM, Dray E, Serrels B, Caligiuri G, Rebus S, Plenker D, Galluzzo Z, Brunton H, Cunningham R, Tesson M, Nourse C, Bailey UM, Jones M, Moran-Jones K, Wright DW, Duthie F, Oien K, Evers L, McKay CJ, McGregor GA, Gulati A, Brough R, Bajrami I, Pettitt S, Dziubinski ML, Candido J, Balkwill F, Barry ST, Grützmann R, Rahib L, Johns A, Pajic M, Froeling FEM, Beer P, Musgrove EA, Petersen GM, Ashworth A, Frame MC, Crawford HC, Simeone DM, Lord C, Mukhopadhyay D, Pilarsky C, Tuveson DA, Cooke SL, Jamieson NB, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Bailey PJ, Biankin AV, Chang DK. Targeting DNA Damage Response and Replication Stress in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:362-377.e13. [PMID: 33039466 PMCID: PMC8167930 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Continuing recalcitrance to therapy cements pancreatic cancer (PC) as the most lethal malignancy, which is set to become the second leading cause of cancer death in our society. The study aim was to investigate the association between DNA damage response (DDR), replication stress, and novel therapeutic response in PC to develop a biomarker-driven therapeutic strategy targeting DDR and replication stress in PC. METHODS We interrogated the transcriptome, genome, proteome, and functional characteristics of 61 novel PC patient-derived cell lines to define novel therapeutic strategies targeting DDR and replication stress. Validation was done in patient-derived xenografts and human PC organoids. RESULTS Patient-derived cell lines faithfully recapitulate the epithelial component of pancreatic tumors, including previously described molecular subtypes. Biomarkers of DDR deficiency, including a novel signature of homologous recombination deficiency, cosegregates with response to platinum (P < .001) and PARP inhibitor therapy (P < .001) in vitro and in vivo. We generated a novel signature of replication stress that predicts response to ATR (P < .018) and WEE1 inhibitor (P < .029) treatment in both cell lines and human PC organoids. Replication stress was enriched in the squamous subtype of PC (P < .001) but was not associated with DDR deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Replication stress and DDR deficiency are independent of each other, creating opportunities for therapy in DDR-proficient PC and after platinum therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan B Dreyer
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Upstill-Goddard
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clara Paris
- Department of Pharmacological Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Eirini-Maria Lampraki
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise Dray
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Selma Rebus
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Plenker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Zachary Galluzzo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Holly Brunton
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Tesson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Nourse
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla-Maja Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Jones
- Stratified Medicine Scotland, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Moran-Jones
- College of Medicine, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Derek W Wright
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Oien
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Greater Glasgow and Clyde Bio-repository, Pathology Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Evers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J McKay
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aditi Gulati
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Brough
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Pettitt
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele L Dziubinski
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juliana Candido
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lola Rahib
- Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Manhattan Beach, California
| | - Amber Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fieke E M Froeling
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Beer
- Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University of California-San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Chris Lord
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Susanna L Cooke
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter J Bailey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia.
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bowe CM, Shastri M, Gulati A, Norris P, Corrigan A, Barrett AW, Bisase B. Challenges and outcomes in establishing a sentinel lymph node biopsy service for oral squamous cell carcinoma in a regional district specialist hospital. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:217-221. [PMID: 33131801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UK national guidelines in 2016 recommended that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) should be offered to patients with early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We review the establishment of an OSCC SLNB service with specific consideration to resources, service implications and patient outcomes. A review of processes was performed to identify key stages in establishing the service, and subsequently a retrospective cohort study consisting of 46 consecutive patients with T1/T2 N0 OSCC was undertaken. The key stages identified were: coordinating a nuclear medicine pathway and reliable cost-appropriate pathology service, constructing a Trust business case, and gaining approval of a new interventional service policy. A median (range) of 3.3 (1-8) sentinel nodes (SLN) were removed, with 17 patients having a positive SLN. The negative predictive value of SLNB was 100%, with 12 having a SLN outside the field if elective neck dissection (END) was planned. There was a significantly increased risk of a positive SLN with increasing depth of invasion (DOI) (p=0.007) and increased diameter (p=0.036). We also identified a longer-than-ideal time to completion neck dissection and inadequate ultrasound follow up of negative SLNB patients. Establishment of a service requires careful planning. Our results were in keeping with those reported in the literature, and showed that SLNB for OSCC has a high negative predictive value and can identify at-risk SLN outside the traditional END levels, even in well-lateralised tumours. Our findings show that DOI and size of SLN were significantly associated with a positive SLN, and also identified areas requiring improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Bowe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead.
| | - M Shastri
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - A Gulati
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - P Norris
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - A Corrigan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS FT
| | - A W Barrett
- Department of Pathology, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - B Bisase
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patel S, Boyapati RP, Gulati A, Barrett AW. Patients undergoing primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: how many are referred on the two-week wait pathway and by whom? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 102:532-535. [PMID: 32538126 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Available data suggest that the two-week wait referral pathway is ineffective at expediting diagnosis of cancer due to large numbers of inappropriate referrals. This study aimed to compare the referral pathway of 125 patients who had undergone primary surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer with 100 who had been two-week wait referrals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case note review. RESULTS Of the 125 patients who underwent surgery; 47 (38%) were referred via the 2WW pathway. GPs had referred 25 (53%) of the 47 patients and general dental practitioners 22 (47%). The tumour stage was similar regardless of referral pathway (two-week wait or routine). GPs recognised that the two-week wait pathway was needed in 49% of the patients they had referred, whereas the equivalent figure for GDPs was 40%. Of the 100 2WW patients, 52 were biopsied. Of these, nine (9%) were diagnosed with a malignancy. GPs referred 61% of the 100 two-week wait patients and accurately diagnosed five of the cancers (although two were basal cell carcinomas), general dental practitioners the remainder (including one basal cell carcinoma). Overall, 41% of the patients referred on the two-week wait pathway by GPs needed a biopsy, compared with 69% of those referred by general dental practitioners. CONCLUSIONS While the criteria for referral on the two-week wait pathway lack discrimination and the majority of referrals proved benign, nearly 40% of surgically treated patients were referred via this pathway, suggesting that it does serve a useful purpose. More patients with cancer were referred by GPs, but more two-week wait referrals by general dental practitioners warranted biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - R P Boyapati
- Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - A Gulati
- Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - A W Barrett
- Department of Histopathology, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brunton H, Caligiuri G, Cunningham R, Upstill-Goddard R, Bailey UM, Garner IM, Nourse C, Dreyer S, Jones M, Moran-Jones K, Wright DW, Paulus-Hock V, Nixon C, Thomson G, Jamieson NB, McGregor GA, Evers L, McKay CJ, Gulati A, Brough R, Bajrami I, Pettitt SJ, Dziubinski ML, Barry ST, Grützmann R, Brown R, Curry E, Pajic M, Musgrove EA, Petersen GM, Shanks E, Ashworth A, Crawford HC, Simeone DM, Froeling FEM, Lord CJ, Mukhopadhyay D, Pilarsky C, Grimmond SE, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Chang DK, Bailey PJ, Biankin AV, Chang DK, Cooke SL, Dreyer S, Grimwood P, Kelly S, Marshall J, McDade B, McElroy D, Ramsay D, Upstill-Goddard R, Rebus S, Hair J, Jamieson NB, McKay CJ, Westwood P, Williams N, Duthie F, Biankin AV, Johns AL, Mawson A, Chang DK, Scarlett CJ, Brancato MAL, Rowe SJ, Simpson SH, Martyn-Smith M, Thomas MT, Chantrill LA, Chin VT, Chou A, Cowley MJ, Humphris JL, Mead RS, Nagrial AM, Pajic M, Pettit J, Pinese M, Rooman I, Wu J, Tao J, DiPietro R, Watson C, Steinmann A, Lee HC, Wong R, Pinho AV, Giry-Laterriere M, Daly RJ, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL, Grimmond SM, Waddell N, Kassahn KS, Miller DK, Wilson PJ, Patch AM, Song S, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Wani S, Gongora M, Anderson M, Holmes O, Leonard C, Taylor D, Wood S, Xu C, Nones K, Fink JL, Christ A, Bruxner T, Cloonan N, Newell F, Pearson JV, Quinn M, Nagaraj S, Kazakoff S, Waddell N, Krisnan K, Quek K, Wood D, Samra JS, Gill AJ, Pavlakis N, Guminski A, Toon C, Asghari R, Merrett ND, Pavey D, Das A, Cosman PH, Ismail K, O’Connnor C, Lam VW, McLeod D, Pleass HC, Richardson A, James V, Kench JG, Cooper CL, Joseph D, Sandroussi C, Crawford M, Gallagher J, Texler M, Forest C, Laycock A, Epari KP, Ballal M, Fletcher DR, Mukhedkar S, Spry NA, DeBoer B, Chai M, Zeps N, Beilin M, Feeney K, Nguyen NQ, Ruszkiewicz AR, Worthley C, Tan CP, Debrencini T, Chen J, Brooke-Smith ME, Papangelis V, Tang H, Barbour AP, Clouston AD, Martin P, O’Rourke TJ, Chiang A, Fawcett JW, Slater K, Yeung S, Hatzifotis M, Hodgkinson P, Christophi C, Nikfarjam M, Mountain A, Eshleman JR, Hruban RH, Maitra A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Schulick RD, Wolfgang CL, Morgan RA, Hodgin M, Scarpa A, Lawlor RT, Beghelli S, Corbo V, Scardoni M, Bassi C, Tempero MA, Nourse C, Jamieson NB, Graham JS. HNF4A and GATA6 Loss Reveals Therapeutically Actionable Subtypes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107625. [PMID: 32402285 PMCID: PMC9511995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can be divided into transcriptomic subtypes with two broad lineages referred to as classical (pancreatic) and squamous. We find that these two subtypes are driven by distinct metabolic phenotypes. Loss of genes that drive endodermal lineage specification, HNF4A and GATA6, switch metabolic profiles from classical (pancreatic) to predominantly squamous, with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) a key regulator of glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β results in selective sensitivity in the squamous subtype; however, a subset of these squamous patient-derived cell lines (PDCLs) acquires rapid drug tolerance. Using chromatin accessibility maps, we demonstrate that the squamous subtype can be further classified using chromatin accessibility to predict responsiveness and tolerance to GSK3β inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate that distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility can be used to identify patient subgroups that are indistinguishable by gene expression profiles, highlighting the utility of chromatin-based biomarkers for patient selection in the treatment of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Brunton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Rosie Upstill-Goddard
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Ulla-Maja Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ian M Garner
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Craig Nourse
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephan Dreyer
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Marc Jones
- Stratified Medicine Scotland Innovation Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Kim Moran-Jones
- Stratified Medicine Scotland Innovation Centre, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Derek W Wright
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Viola Paulus-Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gemma Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Grant A McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lisa Evers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Colin J McKay
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michele L Dziubinski
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 4304 Rogel Cancer Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Brown
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Edward Curry
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | | | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 4304 Rogel Cancer Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fieke E M Froeling
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Sean E Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland; West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK; South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gulati A, Lavhale M, Giri R, Andurkar S, Xanthos T. Centhaquine citrate. alpha2B-Adrenoceptor ligand, Resuscitative agent for hypovolemic shock. DRUG FUTURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2020.45.3.3098155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Gulati A, Gulati S, Gulati S, Sagar R, Kumar A. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials conducted using stem cell therapy for patients with ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Misra S, Talwar P, Mishra A, Kumar A, Kumar P, Rai A, Gulati A, Aggarwal P, Pandit A, Prasad K, Vibha D. Seasonal and monthly variation of stroke and its subtypes in the north Indian population. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Garg M, Walker D, Barrett B, Gulati A. 2B or not 2B or maybe 2B: is that the question? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Madattigowda R, Gulati A, Dhanda J, Bisase B, Norris P, Tighe J, Newman L. Developing a dedicated teaching module for free flap monitoring – need of the hour. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
23
|
Gilvetti C, Haria S, Gulati A. Is juxta-apical radiolucency a reliable risk factor for injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during removal of lower third molars? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:430-434. [PMID: 31005348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out if juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) is a reliable risk factor for injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during removal of lower third molars. We designed a cohort study of patients whose dental panoramic tomograms (DPT) had shown JAR before complete removal of lower wisdom teeth. The outcome variable was postoperative permanent neurosensory disturbance of the IAN. A total of 39 patients (50 lower third molars) were identified and screened for permanent neurosensory disturbance. None reported any permanently altered sensation 18 months after the operation. Based on our group, the presence of JAR does not seem to be a reliable predictor of the risk of permanent injury to the IAN during removal of lower third molars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gilvetti
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, United Kingdom.
| | - S Haria
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - A Gulati
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barrett AW, Boyapati RP, Bisase BS, Norris PM, Shelley MJ, Collyer J, Sneddon KJ, Gulati A. Verruciform Xanthoma of the Oral Mucosa: A Series of Eight Typical and Three Anomalous Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 27:492-498. [PMID: 30727785 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919827374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this series, there are 8 typical verruciform xanthomas of the oral mucosa and 3 anomalies, 1 polypoid, 1 florid, and 1 carcinomatous. All were characterized by infiltrates of CD68-positive xanthomatous histiocytes in the lamina propria. The 11 patients comprised 6 men and 5 women (mean age = 54.5 years, range = 40-69). Both keratinized and nonkeratinized sites were affected. A history of lichenoid inflammation was recorded in 5 patients. The polypoid xanthoma presented in a woman aged 54 years as a polyp of the labial commissure. The florid lesion affected the dorsum of the tongue of a man aged 54 years and at 20 mm was the largest of the 11 lesions, but the only one with candidal infection. The squamous cell carcinoma manifested as a papilloverrucous hyperkeratosis of the palatal gingiva in a man aged 69 years. The latter 2 (and 1 "typical" verruciform xanthoma) required re-excision, but none has since recurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Barrett
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - R P Boyapati
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - B S Bisase
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - P M Norris
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - M J Shelley
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - J Collyer
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - K J Sneddon
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - A Gulati
- 1 Queen Victoria Hospital NHSF Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oser MG, Fonseca R, Chakraborty AA, Brough R, Spektor A, Jennings RB, Flaifel A, Novak JS, Gulati A, Buss E, Younger ST, McBrayer SK, Cowley GS, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Brulle-Soumare L, Taylor P, Cairo S, Ryan CJ, Pease EJ, Maratea K, Travers J, Root DE, Signoretti S, Pellman D, Ashton S, Lord CJ, Barry ST, Kaelin WG. Cells Lacking the RB1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Are Hyperdependent on Aurora B Kinase for Survival. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:230-247. [PMID: 30373918 PMCID: PMC6368871 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers and is almost always linked to inactivating RB1 and TP53 mutations. SCLC frequently responds, albeit briefly, to chemotherapy. The canonical function of the RB1 gene product RB1 is to repress the E2F transcription factor family. RB1 also plays both E2F-dependent and E2F-independent mitotic roles. We performed a synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an RB1 -/- SCLC cell line that conditionally expresses RB1 to identify dependencies that are caused by RB1 loss and discovered that RB1 -/- SCLC cell lines are hyperdependent on multiple proteins linked to chromosomal segregation, including Aurora B kinase. Moreover, we show that an Aurora B kinase inhibitor is efficacious in multiple preclinical SCLC models at concentrations that are well tolerated in mice. These results suggest that RB1 loss is a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to Aurora B kinase inhibitors in SCLC and perhaps other RB1 -/- cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: SCLC is rarely associated with actionable protooncogene mutations. We did a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that showed that RB1 -/- SCLC are hyperdependent on AURKB, likely because both genes control mitotic fidelity, and confirmed that Aurora B kinase inhibitors are efficacious against RB1 -/- SCLC tumors in mice at nontoxic doses.See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raquel Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abdallah Flaifel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse S Novak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Buss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Scott T Younger
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paula Taylor
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Kim Maratea
- IMED Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Travers
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Pellman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Ashton
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jyoti J, Khattar J, Gulati A, Singh D. Optimization of conditions and partial characterization of cyanophycin synthetase from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Gulati A, Hornick MG, Briyal S, Lavhale MS. A novel neuroregenerative approach using ET(B) receptor agonist, IRL-1620, to treat CNS disorders. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S95-S113. [PMID: 29947531 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin B (ET(B)) receptors present in abundance the central nervous system (CNS) have been shown to have significant implications in its development and neurogenesis. We have targeted ET(B) receptors stimulation using a highly specific agonist, IRL-1620, to treat CNS disorders. In a rat model of cerebral ischemia intravenous administration IRL-1620 significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological and motor functions compared to control. This improvement, in part, is due to an increase in neuroregeneration. We also investigated the role of IRL-1620 in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). IRL-1620 improved learning and memory, reduced oxidative stress and increased VEGF and NGF in Abeta treated rats. IRL-1620 also improved learning and memory in an aged APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD. These promising findings prompted us to initiate human studies. Successful chemistry, manufacturing and control along with mice, rat and dog toxicological studies led to completion of a human Phase I study in healthy volunteers. We found that a dose of 0.6 microg/kg of IRL-1620 can be safely administered, three times every four hours, without any adverse effect. A Phase II clinical study with IRL-1620 has been initiated in patients with cerebral ischemia and mild to moderate AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chong IY, Aronson L, Bryant H, Gulati A, Campbell J, Elliott R, Pettitt S, Wilkerson P, Lambros MB, Reis-Filho JS, Ramessur A, Davidson M, Chau I, Cunningham D, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Mapping genetic vulnerabilities reveals BTK as a novel therapeutic target in oesophageal cancer. Gut 2018; 67:1780-1792. [PMID: 28830912 PMCID: PMC6145286 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Disease relapse is frequent and treatment options are limited. DESIGN To identify new biomarker-defined therapeutic approaches for patients with oesophageal cancer, we integrated the genomic profiles of 17 oesophageal tumour-derived cell lines with drug sensitivity data from small molecule inhibitor profiling, identifying drug sensitivity effects associated with cancer driver gene alterations. We also interrogated recently described RNA interference screen data for these tumour cell lines to identify candidate genetic dependencies or vulnerabilities that could be exploited as therapeutic targets. RESULTS By integrating the genomic features of oesophageal tumour cell lines with siRNA and drug screening data, we identified a series of candidate targets in oesophageal cancer, including a sensitivity to inhibition of the kinase BTK in MYC amplified oesophageal tumour cell lines. We found that this genetic dependency could be elicited with the clinical BTK/ERBB2 kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. In both MYC and ERBB2 amplified tumour cells, ibrutinib downregulated ERK-mediated signal transduction, cMYC Ser-62 phosphorylation and levels of MYC protein, and elicited G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that this drug could be used to treat biomarker-selected groups of patients with oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS BTK represents a novel candidate therapeutic target in oesophageal cancer that can be targeted with ibrutinib. On the basis of this work, a proof-of-concept phase II clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of ibrutinib in patients with MYC and/or ERBB2 amplified advanced oesophageal cancer is currently underway (NCT02884453). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02884453; Pre-results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yushing Chong
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lauren Aronson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hanna Bryant
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephen Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkerson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maryou B Lambros
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ian Chau
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brough R, Gulati A, Haider S, Kumar R, Campbell J, Knudsen E, Pettitt SJ, Ryan CJ, Lord CJ. Identification of highly penetrant Rb-related synthetic lethal interactions in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5701-5718. [PMID: 29915391 PMCID: PMC6202330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although defects in the RB1 tumour suppressor are one of the more common driver alterations found in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), therapeutic approaches that exploit this have not been identified. By integrating molecular profiling data with data from multiple genetic perturbation screens, we identified candidate synthetic lethal (SL) interactions associated with RB1 defects in TNBC. We refined this analysis by identifying the highly penetrant effects, reasoning that these would be more robust in the face of molecular heterogeneity and would represent more promising therapeutic targets. A significant proportion of the highly penetrant RB1 SL effects involved proteins closely associated with RB1 function, suggesting that this might be a defining characteristic. These included nuclear pore complex components associated with the MAD2 spindle checkpoint protein, the kinase and bromodomain containing transcription factor TAF1, and multiple components of the SCFSKP Cullin F box containing complex. Small-molecule inhibition of SCFSKP elicited an increase in p27Kip levels, providing a mechanistic rationale for RB1 SL. Transcript expression of SKP2, a SCFSKP component, was elevated in RB1-defective TNBCs, suggesting that in these tumours, SKP2 activity might buffer the effects of RB1 dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rahul Kumar
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Erik Knudsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Holme H, Gulati A, Brough R, Fleuren EDG, Bajrami I, Campbell J, Chong IY, Costa-Cabral S, Elliott R, Fenton T, Frankum J, Jones SE, Menon M, Miller R, Pemberton HN, Postel-Vinay S, Rafiq R, Selfe JL, von Kriegsheim A, Munoz AG, Rodriguez J, Shipley J, van der Graaf WTA, Williamson CT, Ryan CJ, Pettitt S, Ashworth A, Strauss SJ, Lord CJ. Author Correction: Chemosensitivity profiling of osteosarcoma tumour cell lines identifies a model of BRCAness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12771. [PMID: 30131505 PMCID: PMC6104100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Holme
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Irene Y Chong
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sara Costa-Cabral
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tim Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Malini Menon
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rowan Miller
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - Javier Rodriguez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Holme H, Gulati A, Brough R, Fleuren EDG, Bajrami I, Campbell J, Chong IY, Costa-Cabral S, Elliott R, Fenton T, Frankum J, Jones SE, Menon M, Miller R, Pemberton HN, Postel-Vinay S, Rafiq R, Selfe JL, von Kriegsheim A, Munoz AG, Rodriguez J, Shipley J, van der Graaf WTA, Williamson CT, Ryan CJ, Pettitt S, Ashworth A, Strauss SJ, Lord CJ. Chemosensitivity profiling of osteosarcoma tumour cell lines identifies a model of BRCAness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10614. [PMID: 30006631 PMCID: PMC6045584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive sarcoma, where novel treatment approaches are required. Genomic studies suggest that a subset of OS, including OS tumour cell lines (TCLs), exhibit genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) patterns reminiscent of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutant tumours. This raises the possibility that PARP inhibitors (PARPi), used to treat BRCA1/2 mutant cancers, could be used to target OS. Using high-throughput drug sensitivity screening we generated chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small molecule inhibitors, including three clinical PARPi. Drug screening was performed in 88 tumour cell lines, including 18 OS TCLs. This identified known sensitivity effects in OS TCLs, such as sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. When compared to BRCA1/2 mutant TCLs, OS TCLs, with the exception of LM7, were PARPi resistant, including those with previously determined BRCAness LoH profiles. Post-screen validation experiments confirmed PARPi sensitivity in LM7 cells as well as a defect in the ability to form nuclear RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage. LM7 provides one OS model for the study of PARPi sensitivity through a potential defect in RAD51-mediated DNA repair. The drug sensitivity dataset we generated in 88 TCLs could also serve as a resource for the study of drug sensitivity effects in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Holme
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Irene Y Chong
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sara Costa-Cabral
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tim Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Malini Menon
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rowan Miller
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - Javier Rodriguez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bajrami I, Marlow R, Ven MVD, Brough R, Pemberton HN, Frankum J, Song FF, Rafiq R, Konde A, Menon M, Campbell J, Gulati A, Kumar R, Pettitt SJ, Gurden MD, Cardenosa ML, Chong I, Gazinska P, Wallberg F, Sawyer EJ, Martin LA, Dowsett M, Linardopoulos S, Ryan C, Derksen PW, Jonkers J, Tutt AN, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Abstract 2986: E-cadherin/ROS1 inhibitor synthetic lethality in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The E-cadherin (CDH1) tumour suppressor gene encodes a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein, which has roles in maintaining cell polarity, differentiation, cell migration and survival. E-cadherin dysfunction is a feature common to many epithelial tumours, with the highest incidence occurring in diffuse gastric cancer (50%) and lobular breast cancer (63%) and can occur via CDH1 mutation, deletion or epigenetic silencing. Although E-cadherin dysfunction is relatively common, precision medicine approaches that exploit this pathogenic alteration are not yet available. Using genetic and small-molecule perturbation screens in breast tumour cells with CRISPR-Cas9 engineered CDH1 mutations, we identified a synthetic lethal interaction between E-cadherin deficiency and inhibition of the tyrosine kinase ROS1. Using data from large-scale genetic screens in molecularly diverse breast tumour cell lines, we found that the E-cadherin/ROS1 synthetic lethality was not only robust in the face of considerable molecular heterogeneity but was also elicited with clinical ROS1 inhibitors including foretinib and crizotinib. ROS1 inhibitors induced mitotic abnormalities and multinucleation in E-cadherin defective cells, phenotypes that were associated with a defect in cytokinesis and aberrant p120-catenin phosphorylation and localisation. In vivo, ROS1 inhibitors produced profound anti-tumour effects in multiple, distinct, models of E-cadherin defective breast cancer. This data therefore provides the pre-clinical rationale for assessing ROS1 inhibitors such as the licensed drug crizotinib in appropriately stratified patients.
Citation Format: Ilirjana Bajrami, Rebecca Marlow, Marieke van de Ven, Rachel Brough, Helen N. Pemberton, Jessica Frankum, Fei Fei Song, Rumana Rafiq, Asha Konde, Malini Menon, James Campbell, Aditi Gulati, Rahul Kumar, Stephen J. Pettitt, Mark D. Gurden, Marta Llorca Cardenosa, Irene Chong, Patrycja Gazinska, Fredrik Wallberg, Elinor J. Sawyer, Lesley-Ann Martin, Mitch Dowsett, Spiros Linardopoulos, Colm Ryan, Patrick W. Derksen, Jos Jonkers, Andrew N.J. Tutt, Alan Ashworth, Christopher J. Lord. E-cadherin/ROS1 inhibitor synthetic lethality in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2986.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel Brough
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Fei Fei Song
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Konde
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malini Menon
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Gulati
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Kumar
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark D. Gurden
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Chong
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitch Dowsett
- 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colm Ryan
- 4University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jos Jonkers
- 3The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- 6UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Briyal S, Gandhakwala R, Khan M, Lavhale MS, Gulati A. Alterations in endothelin receptors following hemorrhage and resuscitation by centhaquin. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S199-S214. [PMID: 29947540 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ET(A) and ET(B) receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ET(A) and ET(B) receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ET(A) or ET(B) receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ET(A) expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ET(B) expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ET(A) expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ET(B) expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Our aim in this paper was to investigate the guidelines and laws governing informed consent in the English-speaking world. We noted a recent divergence from medical paternalism within the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board ruling of 2015. We investigated the situation in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States of America. We read the national guidance regarding obtaining consent for surgical intervention for each country. We used the references from this guidance to identify the laws that helped inform the guidance, and reviewed the court documents for each case. There has been a trend towards a more patient-focused approach in consent in each country. Surgeons should be aware of the guidance and legal cases so that they can inform patients fully, and prevent legal problems if outdated practices are followed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:687-92.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J McCormack
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - A Gulati
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Birmingham, UK
| | - J Mangwani
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bajrami I, Marlow R, van de Ven M, Brough R, Pemberton HN, Frankum J, Song F, Rafiq R, Konde A, Krastev DB, Menon M, Campbell J, Gulati A, Kumar R, Pettitt SJ, Gurden MD, Cardenosa ML, Chong I, Gazinska P, Wallberg F, Sawyer EJ, Martin LA, Dowsett M, Linardopoulos S, Natrajan R, Ryan CJ, Derksen PWB, Jonkers J, Tutt ANJ, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. E-Cadherin/ROS1 Inhibitor Synthetic Lethality in Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:498-515. [PMID: 29610289 PMCID: PMC6296442 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell adhesion glycoprotein E-cadherin (CDH1) is commonly inactivated in breast tumors. Precision medicine approaches that exploit this characteristic are not available. Using perturbation screens in breast tumor cells with CRISPR/Cas9-engineered CDH1 mutations, we identified synthetic lethality between E-cadherin deficiency and inhibition of the tyrosine kinase ROS1. Data from large-scale genetic screens in molecularly diverse breast tumor cell lines established that the E-cadherin/ROS1 synthetic lethality was not only robust in the face of considerable molecular heterogeneity but was also elicited with clinical ROS1 inhibitors, including foretinib and crizotinib. ROS1 inhibitors induced mitotic abnormalities and multinucleation in E-cadherin-defective cells, phenotypes associated with a defect in cytokinesis and aberrant p120 catenin phosphorylation and localization. In vivo, ROS1 inhibitors produced profound antitumor effects in multiple models of E-cadherin-defective breast cancer. These data therefore provide the preclinical rationale for assessing ROS1 inhibitors, such as the licensed drug crizotinib, in appropriately stratified patients.Significance: E-cadherin defects are common in breast cancer but are currently not targeted with a precision medicine approach. Our preclinical data indicate that licensed ROS1 inhibitors, including crizotinib, should be repurposed to target E-cadherin-defective breast cancers, thus providing the rationale for the assessment of these agents in molecularly stratified phase II clinical trials. Cancer Discov; 8(4); 498-515. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 371.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilirjana Bajrami
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feifei Song
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Konde
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malini Menon
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Kumar
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Gurden
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Llorca Cardenosa
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencia, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Chong
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Wallberg
- FACS Core Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spiros Linardopoulos
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jones SE, Fleuren EDG, Frankum J, Konde A, Williamson CT, Krastev DB, Pemberton HN, Campbell J, Gulati A, Elliott R, Menon M, Selfe JL, Brough R, Pettitt SJ, Niedzwiedz W, van der Graaf WTA, Shipley J, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. ATR Is a Therapeutic Target in Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:7014-7026. [PMID: 29038346 PMCID: PMC6155488 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft-tissue malignancy characterized by expression of SS18-SSX fusions, where treatment options are limited. To identify therapeutically actionable genetic dependencies in SS, we performed a series of parallel, high-throughput small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens and compared genetic dependencies in SS tumor cells with those in >130 non-SS tumor cell lines. This approach revealed a reliance of SS tumor cells upon the DNA damage response serine/threonine protein kinase ATR. Clinical ATR inhibitors (ATRi) elicited a synthetic lethal effect in SS tumor cells and impaired growth of SS patient-derived xenografts. Oncogenic SS18-SSX family fusion genes are known to alter the composition of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex, causing ejection and degradation of wild-type SS18 and the tumor suppressor SMARCB1. Expression of oncogenic SS18-SSX fusion proteins caused profound ATRi sensitivity and a reduction in SS18 and SMARCB1 protein levels, but an SSX18-SSX1 Δ71-78 fusion containing a C-terminal deletion did not. ATRi sensitivity in SS was characterized by an increase in biomarkers of replication fork stress (increased γH2AX, decreased replication fork speed, and increased R-loops), an apoptotic response, and a dependence upon cyclin E expression. Combinations of cisplatin or PARP inhibitors enhanced the antitumor cell effect of ATRi, suggesting that either single-agent ATRi or combination therapy involving ATRi might be further assessed as candidate approaches for SS treatment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7014-26. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Asha Konde
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Malini Menon
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Wojciech Niedzwiedz
- Cancer and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients presenting with hip arthritis have huge variability in anatomy, bone quality, and functional expectation. These can contribute to a varying degree of complexity on both the femoral and acetabular sides. Surgeons should be aware of all the various options in fixation, bearing surface, and surgical technique. METHODS In this article, based on a presentation given at the recent American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons meeting in Dallas, we will discuss why and how cemented fixation can, and indeed should, be considered when making decisions regarding how a primary, complex primary, or revision hip arthroplasty should be performed. RESULTS We will review the evidence, surgical technique, and indications for cemented fixation in primary and complex primary surgery. In addition, we will discuss the potential benefits at revision of previous cemented fixation. CONCLUSION We hope to support the concept that even cementless surgeons should also use cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gulati
- Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A R J Manktelow
- Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dréan A, Williamson CT, Brough R, Brandsma I, Menon M, Konde A, Garcia-Murillas I, Pemberton HN, Frankum J, Rafiq R, Badham N, Campbell J, Gulati A, Turner NC, Pettitt SJ, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Modeling Therapy Resistance in BRCA1/2-Mutant Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2022-2034. [PMID: 28619759 PMCID: PMC6157714 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although PARP inhibitors target BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutant tumor cells, drug resistance is a problem. PARP inhibitor resistance is sometimes associated with the presence of secondary or "revertant" mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Whether secondary mutant tumor cells are selected for in a Darwinian fashion by treatment is unclear. Furthermore, how PARP inhibitor resistance might be therapeutically targeted is also poorly understood. Using CRISPR mutagenesis, we generated isogenic tumor cell models with secondary BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Using these in heterogeneous in vitro culture or in vivo xenograft experiments in which the clonal composition of tumor cell populations in response to therapy was monitored, we established that PARP inhibitor or platinum salt exposure selects for secondary mutant clones in a Darwinian fashion, with the periodicity of PARP inhibitor administration and the pretreatment frequency of secondary mutant tumor cells influencing the eventual clonal composition of the tumor cell population. In xenograft studies, the presence of secondary mutant cells in tumors impaired the therapeutic effect of a clinical PARP inhibitor. However, we found that both PARP inhibitor-sensitive and PARP inhibitor-resistant BRCA2 mutant tumor cells were sensitive to AZD-1775, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor. In mice carrying heterogeneous tumors, AZD-1775 delivered a greater therapeutic benefit than olaparib treatment. This suggests that despite the restoration of some BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene function in "revertant" tumor cells, vulnerabilities still exist that could be therapeutically exploited. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 2022-34. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dréan
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Brandsma
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malini Menon
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Konde
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Garcia-Murillas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Badham
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
tanoey J, Gulati A, Becher H. Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in children and adolescents born through elective and emergency Cesarean section: a meta-analysis. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J tanoey
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Hamburg
| | - A Gulati
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Hamburg
| | - H Becher
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Hamburg
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mayo E, Sharma S, Horne J, Yuen H, Lee A, Gulati A. Squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna: which histological features could be used to predict prognosis? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:524-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Kumar A, Prasad M, Jali VP, Pandit AK, Misra S, Kumar P, Chakravarty K, Kathuria P, Gulati A. Bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in ischaemic stroke: a systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:496-506. [PMID: 27558274 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) therapy has emerged as a potential therapy for the treatment of stroke. We performed a systematic review of published studies using BM-MNC therapy in patients with ischaemic stroke (IS). Literature was searched using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Trip Database, Cochrane library and clinicaltrial.gov to identify studies on BM-MNC therapy in IS till June, 2016. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. STATA version 13 was used for carrying out meta-analysis. We included non-randomized open-label, single-arm and non-randomized comparative studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) if BM-MNCs were used to treat patients with IS in any phase after the index stroke. One randomized trial, two non-randomized comparative trials and four single-arm open-label trials (total seven studies) involving 227 subjects (137 patients and 90 controls) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled proportion for favourable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) in six studies involving 122 subjects was 29% (95% CI 0.16-0.43) who were exposed to BM-MNCs and pooled proportion for favourable clinical outcome of 69 subjects (taken from two trials) who did not receive BM-MNCs was 20% (95% CI 0.12-0.32). The pooled difference in the safety outcomes was not significant between both the groups. Our systematic review suggests that BM-MNC therapy is safe up to 1 year post-intervention and is feasible; however, its efficacy in the case of IS patients is debatable. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to provide more information on the efficacy of BM-MNC transplantation in patients with IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - M. Prasad
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - V. P. Jali
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - A. K. Pandit
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - S. Misra
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - P. Kumar
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - K. Chakravarty
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - P. Kathuria
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - A. Gulati
- Department of Neurology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gulati A. Perforator flap reconstruction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Pettitt SJ, Krastev DB, Pemberton HN, Fontebasso Y, Frankum J, Rehman FL, Brough R, Song F, Bajrami I, Rafiq R, Wallberg F, Kozarewa I, Fenwick K, Armisen-Garrido J, Swain A, Gulati A, Campbell J, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Genome-wide barcoded transposon screen for cancer drug sensitivity in haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Data 2017; 4:170020. [PMID: 28248920 PMCID: PMC5332012 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a screen for cellular response to drugs that makes use of haploid embryonic stem cells. We generated ten libraries of mutants with piggyBac gene trap transposon integrations, totalling approximately 100,000 mutant clones. Random barcode sequences were inserted into the transposon vector to allow the number of cells bearing each insertion to be measured by amplifying and sequencing the barcodes. These barcodes were associated with their integration sites by inverse PCR. We exposed these libraries to commonly used cancer drugs and profiled changes in barcode abundance by Ion Torrent sequencing in order to identify mutations that conferred sensitivity. Drugs tested included conventional chemotherapeutics as well as targeted inhibitors of topoisomerases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Hsp90 and WEE1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Dragomir B. Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Helen N. Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yari Fontebasso
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Farah L. Rehman
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Feifei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Fredrik Wallberg
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Iwanka Kozarewa
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kerry Fenwick
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Javier Armisen-Garrido
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Amanda Swain
- Tumour Profiling Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mangwani J, Gulati A, Benson R, Cichero M, Williamson DM. Role of prophylactic antibiotics in lesser toe fusion surgery: A prospective randomised controlled trial. Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 23:50-52. [PMID: 28159043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective randomised controlled trial was performed to determine whether the incidence of local infection is reduced in patients who are administered prophylactic antibiotics for lesser toe fusion surgery. METHODS 100 adult patients undergoing toe fusion surgery that required K-wires to be left in situ for 4-6 weeks were randomly allocated into those who received prophylactic antibiotics (Group 1, n=48) and those who did not (Group 2, n=52). Patients were followed up regularly and during each visit K-wire insertion sites were assessed for signs of pin tract infection. RESULTS The mean age of Group 1 was 58.0 (SD 17.5) and Group 2 was 62.7 years (SD 14.7). The overall infection rate was 4%. Three patients (6.2%) in Group 1 and one patient (1.9%) in Group 2 developed signs of infection, which required treatment by oral antibiotics. All infections were low grade. There were no features suggestive of osteomyelitis in any of the patients. CONCLUSION The overall infection rate in lesser toe fusion surgery is low and that using prophylactic antibiotics does not reduce the incidence. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, however, may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance and adds to healthcare costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mangwani
- Consultant in Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, UK.
| | - A Gulati
- Specialist Registrar in Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK.
| | - R Benson
- Consultant in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK
| | - M Cichero
- Consultant Podiatrist-Podiatric Surgeon, Great Western Hospital, Swindon and Marlborough NHS Trust, UK
| | - D M Williamson
- Consultant in Trauma and Orthopaedics, Great Western Hospital, Swindon and Marlborough NHS Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jadhav RV, Kannan A, Bhar R, Sharma OP, Gulati A, Rajkumar K, Mal G, Singh B, Verma MR. Effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) seed saponins on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production and true digestibility at different forage to concentrate ratios. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1270823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. V. Jadhav
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - A. Kannan
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - R. Bhar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - O. P. Sharma
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - A. Gulati
- Department of Hill Area Tea Sciences, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - K. Rajkumar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - G. Mal
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - B. Singh
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, India
| | - M. R. Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Williamson CT, Miller R, Pemberton HN, Jones SE, Campbell J, Konde A, Badham N, Rafiq R, Brough R, Gulati A, Ryan CJ, Francis J, Vermulen PB, Reynolds AR, Reaper PM, Pollard JR, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. ATR inhibitors as a synthetic lethal therapy for tumours deficient in ARID1A. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13837. [PMID: 27958275 PMCID: PMC5159945 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic biomarkers of synthetic lethal drug sensitivity effects provides one approach to the development of targeted cancer therapies. Mutations in ARID1A represent one of the most common molecular alterations in human cancer, but therapeutic approaches that target these defects are not yet clinically available. We demonstrate that defects in ARID1A sensitize tumour cells to clinical inhibitors of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase, ATR, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ARID1A deficiency results in topoisomerase 2A and cell cycle defects, which cause an increased reliance on ATR checkpoint activity. In ARID1A mutant tumour cells, inhibition of ATR triggers premature mitotic entry, genomic instability and apoptosis. The data presented here provide the pre-clinical and mechanistic rationale for assessing ARID1A defects as a biomarker of single-agent ATR inhibitor response and represents a novel synthetic lethal approach to targeting tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T. Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rowan Miller
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Helen N. Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Asha Konde
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicholas Badham
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J. Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Jeff Francis
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Peter B. Vermulen
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium and Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Oosterveldlaan 24, Wilrijk Antwerp
2610, Belgium
| | - Andrew R. Reynolds
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Philip M. Reaper
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire
OX14 4RY, UK
| | - John R. Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire
OX14 4RY, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wani SJ, Shaikh SS, Tabassum B, Thakur R, Gulati A, Sayyed RZ. Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7, a novel PHB degrader isolated from plastic contaminated soil in Shahada, Maharashtra, Western India. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:179. [PMID: 28330251 PMCID: PMC4996780 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports an isolation and identification of novel poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degrading bacterium Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7 and studies on its extracellular PHB degrading depolymerase enzyme. The bacterium isolated from soil samples of plastic contaminated sites of municipal area in Shahada, Maharashtra, Western India. It was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. RZS 7 based on polyphasic approach. The bacterium grew well in minimal salt medium (MSM) and produced a zone (4.2 mm) of PHB hydrolysis on MSM containing PHB as the only source of nutrient. An optimum yield of enzyme was obtained on the fifth day of incubation at 37 °C and at pH 6.0. Further increase in enzyme production was recorded with Ca2+ ions, while other metal ions like Fe2+ (1 mM) and chemical viz. mercaptoethanol severally affected the production of enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Wani
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, 425 409, Maharashtra, India
| | - S S Shaikh
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, 425 409, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Goverment Raza P G College, Rampur, 244 901, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - R Thakur
- Microbial Prospection Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box 6, Palampur, 176 061, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - A Gulati
- Microbial Prospection Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, P.O. Box 6, Palampur, 176 061, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, 425 409, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maguire SL, Peck B, Wai PT, Campbell J, Barker H, Gulati A, Daley F, Vyse S, Huang P, Lord CJ, Farnie G, Brennan K, Natrajan R. Three-dimensional modelling identifies novel genetic dependencies associated with breast cancer progression in the isogenic MCF10 model. J Pathol 2016; 240:315-328. [PMID: 27512948 PMCID: PMC5082563 DOI: 10.1002/path.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initiation and progression of breast cancer from the transformation of the normal epithelium to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive disease is a complex process involving the acquisition of genetic alterations and changes in gene expression, alongside microenvironmental and recognized histological alterations. Here, we sought to comprehensively characterise the genomic and transcriptomic features of the MCF10 isogenic model of breast cancer progression, and to functionally validate potential driver alterations in three-dimensional (3D) spheroids that may provide insights into breast cancer progression, and identify targetable alterations in conditions more similar to those encountered in vivo. We performed whole genome, exome and RNA sequencing of the MCF10 progression series to catalogue the copy number and mutational and transcriptomic landscapes associated with progression. We identified a number of predicted driver mutations (including PIK3CA and TP53) that were acquired during transformation of non-malignant MCF10A cells to their malignant counterparts that are also present in analysed primary breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Acquisition of genomic alterations identified MYC amplification and previously undescribed RAB3GAP1-HRAS and UBA2-PDCD2L expressed in-frame fusion genes in malignant cells. Comparison of pathway aberrations associated with progression showed that, when cells are grown as 3D spheroids, they show perturbations of cancer-relevant pathways. Functional interrogation of the dependency on predicted driver events identified alterations in HRAS, PIK3CA and TP53 that selectively decreased cell growth and were associated with progression from preinvasive to invasive disease only when cells were grown as spheroids. Our results have identified changes in the genomic repertoire in cell lines representative of the stages of breast cancer progression, and demonstrate that genetic dependencies can be uncovered when cells are grown in conditions more like those in vivo. The MCF10 progression series therefore represents a good model with which to dissect potential biomarkers and to evaluate therapeutic targets involved in the progression of breast cancer. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Exome/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Mutation
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Maguire
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patty T Wai
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Holly Barker
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Frances Daley
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar M, Kannan A, Bhar R, Gulati A, Gaurav A, Sharma VK. Nutrient intake, digestibility and performance of Gaddi kids supplemented with tea seed or tea seed saponin extract. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:486-494. [PMID: 27608635 PMCID: PMC5394834 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, haemato-biochemical attributes, immune response and growth performance of Gaddi kids fed with oat fodder based basal diet supplemented with either tea seed or tea seed saponin (TSS) extract. Methods Eighteen male kids, 7.03±0.16 months of age and 19.72±0.64 kg body weight, were distributed into three groups, T0 (control), T1, and T2, consisting of 6 animals each in a completely randomized design. The kids were fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate mixture and oat fodder (50:50). Animals in group III (T2) were supplemented with TSS at 0.4% of dry matter intake (DMI), and group II (T1) were supplemented with tea seed at 2.6% of DMI to provide equivalent dose of TSS as in T2. Two metabolism trials were conducted, 1st after 21 days and 2nd after 90 days of feeding to evaluate the short term and long term effects of supplementation. Results The tea seed (T1) or TSS (T2) supplementation did not affect DMI as well as the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre. Nutritive value of diet and plane of nutrition were also comparable for both the periods. However, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 as compared to T0. The microbial protein supply was also higher (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 for both the periods. There was no effect of supplementation on most blood parameters. However, the triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level increased (p<0.05) in T2 as compared with T0 and T1. Supplementation also did not affect the cell mediated and humoral immune response in goats. Conclusion Tea seed at 2.6% of DMI and TSS at 0.4% DMI can be fed to Gaddi goats to improve growth rate, FCR and microbial protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kumar
- Animal Nutrition Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - A Kannan
- Animal Nutrition Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - R Bhar
- Animal Nutrition Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - A Gulati
- Department of Hill Area Tea Sciences, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
| | - A Gaurav
- Animal Nutrition Lab, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Department of Animal Nutrition, G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Prakash M, Gupta P, Gulati A, Khandelwal N. It's Even Here! Two Rare Cases of Pyriformis Myocysticercus. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2016; 55:29-32. [PMID: 27935920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysticercus, the larval form of Taenia Solium, a tapeworm, can infest various tissues in the human body. Though central nervous system involvement is the most dramatic form of infestation, several other uncommon sites of has been reported in the literature. One such involvement is that of the musculature. The most easily recalled manifestation of myocysticercus is that in the orbit where the patients present with painful proptosis. However, other less common muscular sites of involvement are documented in case reports. To the best of our knowledge, there are no documented cases of pyriformis muscle infestation with cysticercus. We came across two interesting cases, where imaging established the diagnosis of isolated pyriformis cysticercosis. Follow up after one month of antihelminthic treatment imaging revealed disappearance of the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Prakash
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A Gulati
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - N Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),Chandigarh, 160012, India
| |
Collapse
|