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Zhang X, Chen D, Zhao M, Zhao J, Jia A, Li X. Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Dehydrative CC and CN Coupling between Oximines and Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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52
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Nobili S, Landini I, Mazzei T, Mini E. Overcoming tumor multidrug resistance using drugs able to evade P-glycoprotein or to exploit its expression. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:1220-62. [PMID: 21374643 DOI: 10.1002/med.20239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Cellular overproduction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which acts as an efflux pump for various anticancer drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and some of the newer antitumor drugs) is one of the more relevant mechanisms underlying MDR. P-gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters and is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Its overexpression in cancer cells has become a therapeutic target for circumventing MDR. As an alternative to the classical pharmacological strategy of the coadministration of pump inhibitors and cytotoxic substrates of P-gp and to other approaches applied in experimental tumor models (e.g. P-gp-targeting antibodies, ABCB1 gene silencing strategies, and transcriptional modulators) and in the clinical setting (e.g. incapsulation of P-gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles), a more intriguing strategy for circumventing MDR is represented by the development of new anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P-gp (e.g. epothilones, second- and third-generation taxanes and other microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors). Some of these drugs have already been tested in clinical trials and, in most of cases, show relevant activity in patients previously treated with anticancer agents which are substrates of P-gp. Of these drugs, ixabepilone, an epothilone, was approved in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer patients pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Another innovative approach is the use of molecules whose activity takes advantage of the overexpression of P-gp. The possibility of overcoming MDR using the latter two approaches is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence Florence, Italy, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139, Firenze, Italy.
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Song G, Chen D, Pan CL, Crabtree RH, Li X. Rh-catalyzed oxidative coupling between primary and secondary benzamides and alkynes: synthesis of polycyclic amides. J Org Chem 2011; 75:7487-90. [PMID: 20923219 DOI: 10.1021/jo101596d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for the high yield and facile synthesis of isoquinolones from benzamides and alkynes via the oxidative ortho C-H activation of benzamides has been developed. Ag(2)CO(3) proved to be an optimal oxidant when MeCN was used as a solvent, and [RhCp*Cl(2)](2) was utilized as an efficient catalyst. Both N-alkyl and N-aryl secondary benzamides can be applied as effective substrates. Furthermore, primary benzamides react with two alkyne units, leading to tricyclic products via double C-H activation and oxidative coupling. The reactivity of the structurally related 1-hydroxyisoquinoline was also demonstrated, where both N- and O-containing rhodacyclic intermediates can be generated, leading to the construction of different O- or N-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China 116023
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54
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Singh SK, Singh KN. Microwave-assisted expeditious synthesis of novel benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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55
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Vennila KN, Manoj M, Prabha K, Prasad KJR, Velmurugan D. 2,9-Dimethyl-7-phenyl- N-(4-methylphenyl)dibenzo[ b, h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o102-3. [PMID: 21522616 PMCID: PMC3050252 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C31H25N3, was synthesized from 6,4′,4′′-trimethyl-2,4-bis(N-phenylamino)quinoline and is the first structural example containing a phenyl and phenylamino fragment attached to a fused dibenzo[1,6]naphthyridine moiety. The fused tetracyclic ring system is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.08 (3) Å]. The phenyl ring and the phenylamino group are inclined by 82.68 (6) and 35.31 (5)°, respectively, to the mean plane of the fused tetracyclic ring system. A weak intramolecular N—H⋯π(arene) interaction may in part influence the conformation of the molecule. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric dimers. Additional stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.834 (2) and 3.898 (1) Å].
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56
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Liu CC, Parthasarathy K, Cheng CH. Synthesis of highly substituted isoquinolone derivatives by nickel-catalyzed annulation of 2-halobenzamides with alkynes. Org Lett 2010; 12:3518-21. [PMID: 20608667 DOI: 10.1021/ol101371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of substituted 1(2H)-isoquinolone derivatives via nickel-catalyzed annulation of substituted 2-halobenzamides with alkynes is described. This protocol is successfully applied to the total synthesis of oxyavicine with excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Che Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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57
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Marinho E, Araújo R, Proença F. The reaction of anthranilonitrile and triethylorthoformate revisited: formation of dimeric and trimeric species. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Fujiwara K, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Decarbonylative Cycloaddition of Phthalimides with 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2010; 12:4548-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101842y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Fujiwara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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59
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60
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Roger J, Gottumukkala A, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed C3 or C4 Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds with Aryl Halides by CH Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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61
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Ahadi S, Ghahremanzadeh R, Mirzaei P, Bazgir A. Synthesis of spiro[benzopyrazolonaphthyridine-indoline]-diones and spiro[chromenopyrazolopyridine-indoline]-diones by one-pot, three-component methods in water. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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62
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Yu Y, Su R, Wang L, Qi W, He Z. Comparative QSAR modeling of antitumor activity of ARC-111 analogues using stepwise MLR, PLS, and ANN techniques. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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63
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Liu GB, Xu JL, He CC, Chen G, Xu Q, Xu HX, Li JX. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of quinoline derivatives with immunosuppressive activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5433-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. 12-Substituted 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridines as novel topoisomerase I-targeting antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2877-85. [PMID: 19303306 PMCID: PMC2752343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridine and a few of its 12-substituted analogs are active as TOP1-targeting agents. Studies were performed to further evaluate the potential of this series of non-camptothecin TOP1-targeting agents. The influence of a hydroxymethyl, formyl, N,N-dimethylaminomethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl), and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)butyl substituent at the 12-position on TOP1-targeting activity and tumor cell growth was evaluated. In addition, the relative pharmacologic activities of the 12-carboxamide analog, as well as its N-methyl and N,N-dimethyl derivatives were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854−8020, USA
| | - Mavurapu Satyanarayana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854−8020, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Angela A. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Leroy F. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Edmond J. LaVoie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854−8020, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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65
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Novel topoisomerase I-targeting antitumor agents synthesized from the N,N,N-trimethylammonium derivative of ARC-111, 5H-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-5-[(2-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethyl]dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-one iodide. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3433-8. [PMID: 19299037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several new TOP1-targeting agents were prepared using as an intermediate the N,N,N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt 2 of ARC-111. Direct displacement of the quaternary ammonium group with hydroxide, cyclopropylamine, imidazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, alkylethylenediamines, ethanolamine, and polyhydroxylated alkylamines provides a convenient means for furthering insight into the structure-activity relationships within this series of non-camptothecin TOP1-targeting agents. The relative TOP1-targeting activities and cytotoxicities were evaluated in RPMI8402 and P388 cells and their camptothecin-resistant variants. Their potential to serve as substrates for the efflux transporters MDR1 and BCRP, which are associated with multidrug resistance, was also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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66
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Tadd AC, Matsuno A, Fielding MR, Willis MC. Cascade Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenyl Aminocarbonylation/ Intramolecular Aryl Amidation: An Annulative Synthesis of 2-Quinolones. Org Lett 2009; 11:583-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Tadd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process Research and Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ai Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process Research and Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mark R. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process Research and Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process Research and Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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67
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Xie L, Xu Y, Wang F, Liu J, Qian X, Cui J. Synthesis of new amonafide analogues via coupling reaction and their cytotoxic evaluation and DNA-binding studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:804-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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68
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Kurtzberg LS, Battle T, Rouleau C, Bagley RG, Agata N, Yao M, Schmid S, Roth S, Crawford J, Krumbholz R, Ewesuedo R, Yu XJ, Wang F, LaVoie EJ, Teicher BA. Bone marrow and tumor cell colony-forming units and human tumor xenograft efficacy of noncamptothecin and camptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3212-22. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Cheng L, Liu A, Tsai YC, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Synthesis of N-substituted 5-[2-(N-alkylamino)ethyl]dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridines as novel topoisomerase I-targeting antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9295-301. [PMID: 18829334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl 5H-8,9-dimethoxy-5-(2-aminoethyl)-2,3-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-ones have been identified as topoisomerase I-targeting agents with potent antitumor activity. In the present study, the impact on biological activity of substitution of a trifluoromethyl, cyano, aminocarbonyl, or ethynyl group on a N-methyl substituent of N,N-dimethyl-, N-methyl-N-ethyl-, and N-methyl-N-isopropyl 5H-8,9-dimethoxy-5-(2-aminoethyl)-2,3-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-ones was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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70
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. 11-Substituted 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives as novel topoisomerase I-targeting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8598-606. [PMID: 18771930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several 11-substituted benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives were synthesized, and their TOP1-targeting activity and cytotoxicity were assessed. Comparative data indicate that TOP1-targeting was often the primary molecular target associated with their cytotoxicity. Several 11-aminoalkyl derivatives, 11-aminocarboxy derivatives as well as the 11-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]carboxamide of 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxybenzo[i]phenanthridine were synthesized and did exhibit considerable cytotoxicity with IC(50) values ranging from 20 to 120 nM in the human lymphoblast tumor cell line RPMI8402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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71
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Satyanarayana M, Feng W, Cheng L, Liu AA, Tsai YC, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Syntheses and biological evaluation of topoisomerase I-targeting agents related to 11-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-11H-isoquino[4,3-c]cinnolin-12-one (ARC-31). Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7824-31. [PMID: 18676151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several 11-ethyl-2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-11H-isoquino[4,3-c]cinnolin-12-ones with varied functionality on the ethyl substituent have exhibited potent topoisomerase I (TOP1) targeting activity and antitumor activity. The influence of various polar substituents at the 2-position of the 11-ethyl substituent, including N-methylamine, N-isopropylamine, hydroxyl, and hydroxylamino groups, on TOP1-targeting activity and cytotoxicity was assessed. The N-methylamine and N-isopropylamine derivatives were also evaluated as antitumor agents in athymic nude mice with MDA-MB-435 human tumor xenografts. Both compounds were active as antitumor agents upon either parenteral or oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavurapu Satyanarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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72
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Miura T, Yamauchi M, Murakami M. Synthesis of 1(2H)-Isoquinolones by the Nickel-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Alkyne Insertion of 1,2,3-Benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones. Org Lett 2008; 10:3085-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8010826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Liao S, Qian L, Lu H, Shen Y, Zheng K. A Combined 2D‐ and 3D‐QSAR Study on Analogues of ARC‐111 with Antitumor Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200730154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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74
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Feng W, Satyanarayana M, Tsai YC, Liu AA, Liu LF, Lavoie EJ. Facile formation of hydrophilic derivatives of 5H-8,9-dimethoxy-5-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-methylenedioxydibenzo[c,h] [1,6]naphthyridin-6-one (ARC-111) and its 12-aza analog via quaternary ammonium intermediates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3570-2. [PMID: 18511275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several new TOP1-targeting agents were prepared using as intermediates the N,N,N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium salts of either ARC-111 or its 12-aza analog (ARC-31), 3 and 4, respectively. Direct displacement of the quaternary ammonium group with water, imidazole, alkylethylenediamines, or polyhydroxylated alkylamines provides a convenient means for furthering the structure-activity relationships associated with these non-camptothecin TOP1-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8020, USA
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75
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Kajita Y, Matsubara S, Kurahashi T. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Addition of Phthalimides to Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6058-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja7114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kajita
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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76
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Teicher BA. Next generation topoisomerase I inhibitors: Rationale and biomarker strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:1262-71. [PMID: 18061144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TopoI), an essential enzyme, produces a DNA single strand break allowing DNA relaxation for replication. The enzymatic mechanism involves sequential transesterifcations. The breakage and closure reactions generate phosphodiester bonds and similar free energies, so the reaction is freely reversible. The TopoI reaction intermediate consists of enzyme covalently linked to DNA dubbed a 'cleavable complex'. Covalently bound TopoI-DNA complexes can be recovered. Camptothecin analogs, topotecan and irinotecan, are approved TopoI-targeted drugs. Both have limitations due to the equilibrium between the camptothecin lactone and ring-opened forms. Several strategies are being explored to develop improved TopoI inhibitors. Homocamptothecins, in which the metabolically labile camptothecin lactone is replaced with a more stable seven-membered beta-hydroxylactone, are potent anticancer agents. Gimatecan is a seven-position modified lipophilic camptothecin developed to provide rapid uptake and accumulation in cells and a stable TopoI-DNA-drug ternary complex. Diflomotecan, a homocamptothecin, and gimatecan are in Phase II clinical trial. Among non-camptothecins, edotecarin, an indolocarbazole that results in DNA C/T-G cleavage compared with T-G/A for camptothecins, is in Phase II clinical trial. Indenoisoquinolines were identified as TopoI inhibitors by the NCI 60-cell line COMPARE analysis. Co-crystal structures of two indenoisoquinolines with TopoI-DNA elucidated the structure of the ternary complex. Indenoisoquinolines are in preclinical development. Dibenzonaphthyridinone TopoI inhibitors have undergone extensive structure-activity examination. ARC-111 was selected for in-depth preclinical study. Biomarkers are under investigation to predict clinical efficacy from preclinical models, to allow determination of drug targeting in vivo and to aid selection of patients most likely to benefit from TopoI inhibitor therapy. gamma-H2AX formation may be a useful pharmacodynamic marker. A gene signature developed for topotecan sensitivity/resistance may have value in patient identification. Convergence of these efforts should result in clinically effective second generation TopoI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Genzyme Corporation, 1 Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA
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77
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Dmitriev AS, Abaev VT, Bender W, Butin AV. Isoquinolone derivatives via a furan recyclization reaction. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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78
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Núñez A, Sánchez A, Burgos C, Alvarez-Builla J. Pyridinium N-2′-pyridylaminide: radical cyclization for the synthesis of benzonaphthyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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79
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Denton TT, Joyce AS, Kiely DE. Preparation of N-Alkylbis(3-aminopropyl)amines by the Catalytic Hydrogenation of N-Alkylbis(cyanoethyl)amines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4997-5000. [PMID: 17536864 DOI: 10.1021/jo070245v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An improved process for the preparation of N-alkylbis(3-aminopropyl)amines is described. These triamines are of interest as monomers for the condensation polymerization with esterified carbohydrate diacids (aldaric acids) to generate the corresponding poly(4-alkyl-4-azaheptamethylene aldaramides). The triamine synthesis is comprised of two efficient steps and requires no chromatographic purification. Bisconjugate addition of alkylamines to acrylonitrile followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the N-alkylbis(cyanoethyl)amines over Raney nickel yields the target N-alkylbis(3-aminopropyl)amines. Much less solvent was used in the bisconjugate addition step then previously reported, and in the second step, a relatively low-pressure catalytic hydrogenation (50 psi of hydrogen) was employed using Raney nickel as the catalyst in a 7 N methanolic ammonia solvent system to afford the N-alkylbis(3-aminopropyl)amines of high purity in nearly quantitative yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis T Denton
- Shafizadeh Rocky Mountain Center for Wood and Carbohydrate Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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80
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Cox CD, Breslin MJ, Whitman DB, Coleman PJ, Garbaccio RM, Fraley ME, Zrada MM, Buser CA, Walsh ES, Hamilton K, Lobell RB, Tao W, Abrams MT, South VJ, Huber HE, Kohl NE, Hartman GD. Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors. Part V: Discovery of 2-propylamino-2,4-diaryl-2,5-dihydropyrroles as potent, water-soluble KSP inhibitors, and modulation of their basicity by β-fluorination to overcome cellular efflux by P-glycoprotein. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2697-702. [PMID: 17395460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Installation of a C2-aminopropyl side chain to the 2,4-diaryl-2,5-dihydropyrrole series of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors results in potent, water soluble compounds, but the aminopropyl group induces susceptibility to cellular efflux by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). We show that by carefully modulating the basicity of the amino group by beta-fluorination, this series of inhibitors maintains potency against KSP and has greatly improved efficacy in a Pgp-overexpressing cell line. The discovery that cellular efflux by Pgp can be overcome by carefully modulating the basicity of an amine may be of general use to medicinal chemists attempting to transform leading compounds into cancer cell- or CNS-penetrant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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81
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Margolis BJ, Long KA, Laird DLT, Ruble JC, Pulley SR. Assembly of 4-aminoquinolines via palladium catalysis: a mild and convenient alternative to SNAr methodology. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2232-5. [PMID: 17295543 DOI: 10.1021/jo062168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4-aminoquinolines, classically prepared via SNAr chemistry from an amine and 4-haloquinoline, are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Interest in these compounds prompted us to explore palladium catalysis as an alternative to the existing methods for their preparation. Initial results followed by an iterative screening paradigm confirmed Pd(OAc)2/DPEphos/K3PO4 as a mild and convenient alternative for the formation of the C-N bond in 4-aminoquinolines. A description of the screen and the scope of this methodology are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Margolis
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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82
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Ma Z, Xiang Z, Luo T, Lu K, Xu Z, Chen J, Yang Z. Synthesis of functionalized quinolines via Ugi and Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:696-704. [PMID: 16961408 DOI: 10.1021/cc060066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of quinoline scaffolds were constructed in a combinatorial format via the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) and Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation reaction. The scope of this two-step synthetic sequence was examined from commercially available and synthetically accessible starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
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83
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Prado S, Michel S, Tillequin F, Koch M. Synthesis of benzo[c][1,8]phenanthrolin-6-one through cyclization ofN-(isoquinol-5-yl)-2-bromo-benzamide derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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84
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Zhu S, Ruchelman AL, Zhou N, Liu A, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. 6-Substituted 6H-dibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridin-5-ones: reversed lactam analogues of ARC-111 with potent topoisomerase I-targeting activity and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3131-43. [PMID: 16412652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
6-Substituted 8,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-6H-dibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridin-5-ones were synthesized and evaluated for topoisomerase I-targeting activity and cytotoxicity. Several of these reversed lactam analogues of ARC-111 exhibited exceptional cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 nM. In contrast to topotecan, no resistance was observed with several of these reversed lactam analogues in tumor cell lines that overexpressed the efflux transporters MDR1 or BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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85
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Raub TJ. P-Glycoprotein Recognition of Substrates and Circumvention through Rational Drug Design. Mol Pharm 2005; 3:3-25. [PMID: 16686365 DOI: 10.1021/mp0500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that membrane efflux transporters, especially P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1), play a role in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology behaviors of some drugs and molecules in development. An investment in screening structure-activity relationship (SAR) is warranted in early discovery when exposure and/or target activity in an in vivo efficacy model is not achieved and P-gp efflux is identified as a rate-limiting factor. However, the amount of investment in SAR must be placed into perspective by assessing the risks associated with the intended therapeutic target, the potency and margin of safety of the compound, the intended patient population(s), and the market competition. The task of rationally designing a chemistry strategy for circumventing a limiting P-gp interaction can be daunting. The necessity of retaining biological potency and metabolic stability places restrictions on what can be done, and the factors for P-gp recognition of substrates are complicated and poorly understood. The parameters within the assays that affect overall pump efficiency or net efflux, such as passive diffusion, membrane partitioning, and molecular interaction between pump and substrate, should be understood when interpreting data sets associated with chemistry around a scaffold. No single, functional group alone is often the cause, but one group can accentuate the recognition points existing within a scaffold. This can be likened to a rheostat, rather than an on/off switch, where addition or removal of a key group can increase or decrease the pumping efficiency. The most practical approach to de-emphasize the limiting effects of P-gp on a particular scaffold is to increase passive diffusion. Efflux pumping efficiency may be overcome when passive diffusion is fast enough. Eliminating, or substituting with fewer, groups that solvate in water, or decreasing their hydrogen bonding capacity, and adding halogen groups can increase passive diffusion. Reducing molecular size, replacing electronegative atoms, blocking or masking H-bond donors with N-alkylation or bulky flanking groups, introducing constrained conformation, or by promoting intramolecular hydrogen bonds are all examples of steps to take. This review discusses our understanding of how P-gp recognizes and pumps compounds as substrates and describes cases where structural changes were made in a chemical scaffold to circumvent the effects of P-gp interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Raub
- Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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86
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Zhu S, Ruchelman AL, Zhou N, Liu AA, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Esters and amides of 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-benzo[i]phenanthridine-12-carboxylic acid: Potent cytotoxic and topoisomerase I-targeting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6782-94. [PMID: 16153852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional topoisomerase I-targeting activity and antitumor activity of 5-(2-N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl-8,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5H-dibenzo[c,h][1,6]naphthyridin-6-one (ARC-111, topovale) prompted studies on similarly substituted benzo[i]phenanthridine-12-carboxylic ester and amide derivatives. Among the benzo[i]phenanthridine-12-carboxylic esters evaluated, the 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl, and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1,1-dimethylethyl esters possessed similar cytotoxicity, ranging from 30 to 55 nM in RPMI8402 and KB3-1 cells. Several of the carboxamide derivatives possess potent topoisomerase I-targeting activity and cytotoxicity. The 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl, and 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl amides were among the more cytotoxic benzo[i]phenanthridine-12-carboxylic derivatives, with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 5.0 nM in RPMI8402 and KB3-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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87
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Chung JYL, Cai C, McWilliams JC, Reamer RA, Dormer PG, Cvetovich RJ. Efficient Synthesis of a Trisubstituted 1,6-Naphthyridone from Acetonedicarboxylate and Regioselective Suzuki Arylation. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10342-7. [PMID: 16323843 DOI: 10.1021/jo0514927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient five-step synthesis of 1,6-naphthyridone 3b, a p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor intermediate, in 32% overall yield starting from acetonedicarboxylate (ADC) is described. The synthesis began with a selective monoamidation of ADC dimethyl ester enolate 9. A novel concomitant enamine formation and an imide cyclization afforded the nitrogen differentially protected enamide imide 12. Treatment of 12 with KO(t)Bu and 3-ethoxyacrylate produced lactam 15 quantitatively, which was converted to tetrachloronaphthyridone 19 via a one-pot p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) deprotection and bischlorination. A highly regioselective Pd(OAc)2/IMes-catalyzed Suzuki coupling completed the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y L Chung
- Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07965, USA.
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