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Li X, Gao X, Fu B, Lu C, Han H, Zhou Q, Xu H. Study on the toxicity prediction model ofacetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides based on human serum albumin and superoxide dismutase binding information. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123789. [PMID: 38154301 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity significantly influences the successful development of drugs. Based on the toxicity prediction method (carrier protein binding information-toxicity relationship) previously established by the our group, this paper introduces information on the interaction between pesticides and environmental markers (SOD) into the model for the first time, so that the toxicity prediction model can not only predict the toxicity of pesticides to humans and animals, but also predict the toxicity of pesticides to the environment. Firstly, the interaction of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides (ALS inhibitor herbicides) with human serum albumin (HSA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was investigated systematically from theory combined with experiments by spectroscopy methods and molecular docking, and important fluorescence parameters were obtained. Then, the fluorescence parameters, pesticides acute toxicity LD50 and structural splitting information were used to construct predictive modeling of ALS inhibitor herbicides based on the carrier protein binding information (R2 = 0.977) and the predictive modeling of drug acute toxicity based on carrier protein binding information and conformational relationship (R2 = 0.991), which had effectively predicted pesticides toxicity in humans and animals. To predict potential environmental toxicity, the predictive modeling of drug acute toxicity based on superoxide dismutase binding information was established (R2 = 0.883) by ALS inhibitor herbicides-SOD binding information, which has a good predictive ability in the potential toxicity of pesticides to the environment. This study lays the foundation for developing low toxicity pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaojie Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - He Han
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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2
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Lopez-Sanchez MA, Del Carmen Garcia-Rodriguez M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Hernandez-Cruz E, Figueroa-Figueroa DI, Hernandez-Luis F. Synthesis of Quinazolin-2,4,6-triamine Derivatives as Non-purine Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Exploration of Their Toxicological Potential. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300184. [PMID: 37642254 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new set of quinazolin-2,4,6-triamine derivatives were synthesized to explore their potential biological activity as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, superoxide scavengers and screening of their toxicological profile. Among all the synthesized compounds, B1 exhibited better inhibitory activity against bovine xanthine oxidase (bXO) than allopurinol (IC50 =1.56 μM and IC50 =6.99 μM, respectively). As superoxide scavengers, B1, B2 and B13 exhibited a better effect than allopurinol (97.3 %, 82.1 %, 87.4 % and 69.4 %, respectively). Regarding the toxicological profile, B1 was less cytotoxic than methotrexate on HCT-15 cancer cells. Apoptosis results obtained in cells of female and male mice, showed that B1 and B2 presented a similar behaviour to CrO3 (positive control) with respect to the average frequency to induce apoptosis; while B13 apoptosis induced effect was similar to DMSO and control group. Finally, B1, B2, B13 did not induce genotoxicity in a micronuclei murine model compared to CrO3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Lopez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Carmen Garcia-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, UNAM, Av Guelatao 66, 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Estefani Hernandez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Antimutagénesis, Anticarcinogénesis y Antiteratogénesis Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, UNAM, Av Guelatao 66, 09230, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diego I Figueroa-Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Luis
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Lee HF, Lacbay CM, Boutin R, Matralis AN, Park J, Waller DD, Guan TL, Sebag M, Tsantrizos YS. Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Diverse C-2-Substituted Thienopyrimidine-Based Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2471-2496. [PMID: 35077178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel analogues of C-2-substituted thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonates (C2-ThP-BPs) are described that are potent inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS). Members of this class of compounds induce target-selective apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and exhibit antimyeloma activity in vivo. A key structural element of these inhibitors is a linker moiety that connects their (((2-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methylene)bisphosphonic acid core to various side chains. The structural diversity of this linker moiety, as well as the side chains attached to it, was investigated and found to significantly impact the toxicity of these compounds in MM cells. The most potent inhibitor identified was evaluated in mouse and rat for liver toxicity and systemic exposure, respectively, providing further optimism for the potential value of such compounds as human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Daniel D Waller
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tian Lai Guan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michael Sebag
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Prestes ADS, Dos Santos MM, Kamdem JP, Mancini G, Schüler da Silva LC, de Bem AF, Barbosa NV. Methylglyoxal disrupts the functionality of rat liver mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109677. [PMID: 34634269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolite derived from different physiological pathways. Its production can be harmful to cells via glycation reactions of lipids, DNA, and proteins. But, the effects of MG on mitochondrial functioning and bioenergetic responses are still elusive. Then, the effects of MG on key parameters of mitochondrial functionality were examined here. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were exposed to 0.1-10 mM of MG to determine its toxicity in the mitochondrial viability, membrane potential (Δψm), swelling and the superoxide (O2•-) production. Besides, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation parameters were analyzed by high-resolution respiratory (HRR) assay. In this set of experiments, routine state, PM state (pyruvate/malate), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), LEAK respiration, electron transport system (ETS) and oxygen residual (ROX) states were evaluated. HRR showed that PM state, OXPHOS CI-Linked, LEAK respiration, ETS CI/CII-Linked and ETS CII-Linked/ROX were significantly inhibited by MG exposure. MG also inhibited the complex II activity, and decreased Δψm and the viability of mitochondria. Taken together, our data indicates that MG is an inductor of mitochondrial dysfunctions and impairs important steps of respiratory chain, effects that can alter bioenergetics responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Souza Prestes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Mülling Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Gianni Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Zheng M, Zhan C, Bai N, Bai J, Nie C, Chi J, Ding X, Liu J, Yang W. Combined Usage of Trimetazidine With 3-Bromopyruvate May Lead to Cardiotoxicity by Activating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:819-825. [PMID: 34524259 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The energy used by the heart is generated mainly by the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. Trimetazidine (TMZ) inhibits fatty acid metabolism and is used for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure. 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) can suppress glucose metabolism, and it is considered a promising candidate agent for tumor therapy. Because TMZ and 3-BrPA can separately inhibit the 2 main cardiac energy sources, it is necessary to investigate the effects of 3-BrPA combined with TMZ on the heart. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a TMZ group, a 3-BrPA group, and a 3-BrPA + TMZ group. Weight was recorded every day, and echocardiography was performed 14 days later. Heart function, the levels of adenosine triphosphate, oxidative stress-related factors (ROS, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity), and apoptosis in heart tissues were assessed to evaluate the effects of 3-BrPA and TMZ on the heart. In our study, no obvious changes occurred in the 3-BrPA group or the TMZ group compared with the control group. The combination of 3-BrPA and TMZ worsened heart function, decreased adenosine triphosphate levels, and increased oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis. In conclusion, 3-BrPA and TMZ are not recommended for concurrent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Chengchuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Juncai Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Chaoqun Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaren Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
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Kaundun SS, Downes J, Jackson LV, Hutchings SJ, Mcindoe E. Impact of a Novel W2027L Mutation and Non-Target Site Resistance on Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-Inhibiting Herbicides in a French Lolium multiflorum Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111838. [PMID: 34828444 PMCID: PMC8620607 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) are among the few remaining options for the post-emergence control of Lolium species in small grain cereal crops. Here, we determined the mechanism of resistance to ACCase herbicides in a Lolium multiflorum population (HGR) from France. A combined biological and molecular approach detected a novel W2027L ACCase mutation that affects aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) but not cyclohexanedione (DIM) or phenylpyraxoline (DEN) subclasses of ACCase herbicides. Both the wild-type tryptophan and mutant leucine 2027-ACCase alleles could be positively detected in a single DNA-based-derived polymorphic amplified cleaved sequence (dPACS) assay that contained the targeted PCR product and a cocktail of two discriminating restriction enzymes. Additionally, we identified three well-characterised I1781L, I2041T, and D2078G ACCase target site resistance mutations as well as non-target site resistance in HGR. The non-target site component endowed high levels of resistance to FOP herbicides whilst partially impacting on the efficacy of pinoxaden and cycloxydim. This study adequately assessed the contribution of the W2027L mutation and non-target site mechanism in conferring resistance to ACCase herbicides in HGR. It also highlights the versatility and robustness of the dPACS method to simultaneously identify different resistance-causing alleles at a single ACCase codon.
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Filipović A, Mrdaković M, Ilijin L, Grčić A, Matić D, Todorović D, Vlahović M, Perić-Mataruga V. Effects of fluoranthene on digestive enzymes activity and relative growth rate of larvae of lepidopteran species, Lymantria dispar L. and Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109123. [PMID: 34237426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluoranthene is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment and it may accumulate in plant leaves which are the main food source for phytophagous insect species. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of dietary fluoranthene on specific activities of digestive enzymes and expression of their isoforms in the midgut, and the relative growth rates of Lymantria dispar and Euproctis chrysorrhoea larvae. Exposure to fluoranthene led to significantly decreased trypsin activity in the midgut of larvae of both species. Leucine aminopeptidase activity decreased significantly in the midgut of L. dispar larvae exposed to the lower concentration of fluoranthene, but that enzyme activity showed the opposite trend in E. chrysorrhoea larvae. There was no pollutant induced changes in lipase activity in L. dispar, while elevated enzyme activity was recorded in the midgut of E. chrysorrhoea larvae exposed to the lower concentration of fluoranthene. Different patterns of expression of enzyme isoforms were noticed. Relative growth rates of both species significantly decreased in fluoranthene treated larvae. These responses indicate to the significance of relationships between physiological changes and fitness-related traits in L. dispar and E. chrysorrhoea larvae affected by pollutant, and contribute to understanding the mechanisms of their adjustment to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Shamshiddinova M, Gulyamov S, Kim HJ, Jung SH, Baek DJ, Lee YM. A Dansyl-Modified Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor DPF-543 Enhanced De Novo Ceramide Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179190. [PMID: 34502095 PMCID: PMC8431253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesized by sphingosine kinase (SPHK) is a signaling molecule, involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and survival. Indeed, a sharp increase of S1P is linked to a pathological outcome with inflammation, cancer metastasis, or angiogenesis, etc. In this regard, SPHK/S1P axis regulation has been a specific issue in the anticancer strategy to turn accumulated sphingosine (SPN) into cytotoxic ceramides (Cers). For these purposes, there have been numerous chemicals synthesized for SPHK inhibition. In this study, we investigated the comparative efficiency of dansylated PF-543 (DPF-543) on the Cers synthesis along with PF-543. DPF-543 deserved attention in strong cytotoxicity, due to the cytotoxic Cers accumulation by ceramide synthase (CerSs). DPF-543 exhibited dual actions on Cers synthesis by enhancing serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) activity, and by inhibiting SPHKs, which eventually induced an unusual environment with a high amount of 3-ketosphinganine and sphinganine (SPA). SPA in turn was consumed to synthesize Cers via de novo pathway. Interestingly, PF-543 increased only the SPN level, but not for SPA. In addition, DPF-543 mildly activates acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), which contributes a partial increase in Cers. Collectively, a dansyl-modified DPF-543 relatively enhanced Cers accumulation via de novo pathway which was not observed in PF-543. Our results demonstrated that the structural modification on SPHK inhibitors is still an attractive anticancer strategy by regulating sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maftuna Shamshiddinova
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Shokhid Gulyamov
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Hee-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Seo-Hyeon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58628, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28160, Korea; (M.S.); (S.G.); (H.-J.K.); (S.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2825
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Adhikari AA, Ramachandran D, Chaudhari SN, Powell CE, Li W, McCurry MD, Banks AS, Devlin AS. A Gut-Restricted Lithocholic Acid Analog as an Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Bile Salt Hydrolases. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1401-1412. [PMID: 34279901 PMCID: PMC9013266 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids play crucial roles in host physiology by acting both as detergents that aid in digestion and as signaling molecules that bind to host receptors. Gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes perform the gateway reaction leading to the conversion of host-produced primary bile acids into bacterially modified secondary bile acids. Small molecule probes that target BSHs will help elucidate the causal roles of these metabolites in host physiology. We previously reported the development of a covalent BSH inhibitor with low gut permeability. Here, we build on our previous findings and describe the development of a second-generation gut-restricted BSH inhibitor with enhanced potency, reduced off-target effects, and durable in vivo efficacy. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies focused on the bile acid core identified a compound, AAA-10, containing a C3-sulfonated lithocholic acid scaffold and an alpha-fluoromethyl ketone warhead as a potent pan-BSH inhibitor. This compound inhibits BSH activity in mouse and human fecal slurry, bacterial cultures, and purified BSH proteins and displays reduced toxicity against mammalian cells compared to first generation compounds. Oral administration of AAA-10 to wild-type mice for 5 days resulted in a decrease in the abundance of the secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in the mouse GI tract with low systemic exposure of AAA-10, demonstrating that AAA-10 is an effective tool for inhibiting BSH activity and modulating bile acid pool composition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit A. Adhikari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Snehal N. Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chelsea E. Powell
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Megan D. McCurry
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander S. Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - A. Sloan Devlin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Lu W, Song YH, Xia Y, Zhang SX, Yan J, Cai DL, Xu CJ. Subacute Toxicity of High-Dose Resveratrol and its Effect on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:587-591. [PMID: 34353425 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Hua Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Xin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - De Lei Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cai Ju Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Saleem H, Khurshid U, Sarfraz M, Ahmad I, Alamri A, Anwar S, Alamri AS, Locatelli M, Tartaglia A, Mahomoodally MF, Zainal Abidin SA, Ahemad N. Investigation into the biological properties, secondary metabolites composition, and toxicity of aerial and root parts of Capparis spinosa L.: An important medicinal food plant. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112404. [PMID: 34246708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capparis spinose L. also known as Caper is of great significance as a traditional medicinal food plant. The present work was targeted on the determination of chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and in-vitro toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of different parts of C. spinosa. Chemical composition was established by determining total bioactive contents and via UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profiling. For determination of biological activities, antioxidant capacity was determined through DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays while enzyme inhibition against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also tested. All the extracts were also tested for toxicity against two breast cell lines. The methanolic extracts were found to contain highest total phenolic and flavonoids which is correlated with their significant radical scavenging, cholinesterase, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibition potential. Whereas DCM extracts showed significant activity for reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelation, tyrosinase, and α-amylase inhibition activities. The secondary metabolites profiling of both methanolic extracts exposed the presence of 21 different secondary metabolites belonging to glucosinolate, alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, triterpene, and alkaloid derivatives. The present results tend to validate folklore uses of C. spinose and indicate this plant to be used as a potent source of designing novel bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy, Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of BahawalPur, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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12
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Robert P, Nguyen PMC, Richard A, Grenier C, Chevrollier A, Munier M, Grimaud L, Proux C, Champin T, Lelièvre E, Sarzi E, Vessières E, Henni S, Prunier D, Reynier P, Lenaers G, Fassot C, Henrion D, Loufrani L. Protective role of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in hypertension. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21678. [PMID: 34133045 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000238rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vascular cells. Mitochondria undergo fusion and fission, a process playing a role in mitochondrial function. OPA1 is essential for mitochondrial fusion. Loss of OPA1 is associated with ROS production and cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that mitochondria fusion could reduce oxidative stress that defect in fusion would exacerbate hypertension. Using (a) Opa1 haploinsufficiency in isolated resistance arteries from Opa1+/- mice, (b) primary vascular cells from Opa1+/- mice, and (c) RNA interference experiments with siRNA against Opa1 in vascular cells, we investigated the role of mitochondria fusion in hypertension. In hypertension, Opa1 haploinsufficiency induced altered mitochondrial cristae structure both in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells but did not modify protein level of long and short forms of OPA1. In addition, we demonstrated an increase of mitochondrial ROS production, associated with a decrease of superoxide dismutase 1 protein expression. We also observed an increase of apoptosis in vascular cells and a decreased VSMCs proliferation. Blood pressure, vascular contractility, as well as endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation were similar in Opa1+/- , WT, L-NAME-treated Opa1+/- and WT mice. Nevertheless, chronic NO-synthase inhibition with L-NAME induced a greater hypertension in Opa1+/- than in WT mice without compensatory arterial wall hypertrophy. This was associated with a stronger reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation due to excessive ROS production. Our results highlight the protective role of mitochondria fusion in the vasculature during hypertension by limiting mitochondria ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Robert
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Phuc Minh Chau Nguyen
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Alexis Richard
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Céline Grenier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Tristan Champin
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Eric Lelièvre
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sarzi
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier-INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Vessières
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Samir Henni
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guys Lenaers
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
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13
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Louzao MC, Costas C, Abal P, Suzuki T, Watanabe R, Vilariño N, Carrera C, Boente-Juncal A, Vale C, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Serotonin involvement in okadaic acid-induced diarrhoea in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2797-2813. [PMID: 34148100 PMCID: PMC8298366 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of contaminated shellfish with okadaic acid (OA) group of toxins leads to diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP) characterized by a set of symptoms including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. These phycotoxins are Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, which produce hyperphosphorylation in cellular proteins. However, this inhibition does not fully explain the symptomatology reported and other targets could be relevant to the toxicity. Previous studies have indicated a feasible involvement of the nervous system. We performed a set of in vivo approaches to elucidate whether neuropeptide Y (NPY), Peptide YY (PYY) or serotonin (5-HT) was implicated in the early OA-induced diarrhoea. Fasted Swiss female mice were administered NPY, PYY(3-36) or cyproheptadine intraperitoneal prior to oral OA treatment (250 µg/kg). A non-significant delay in diarrhoea onset was observed for NPY (107 µg/kg) and PYY(3-36) (1 mg/kg) pre-treatment. On the contrary, the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine was able to block (10 mg/kg) or delay (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) diarrhoea onset suggesting a role of 5-HT. This is the first report of the possible involvement of serotonin in OA-induced poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Paula Abal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fisheries Technology Institute, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- Fisheries Technology Institute, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Andrea Boente-Juncal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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14
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Feng W, Hua R, Zhang J, Huo Y, Jiang H, Yin B, Yang X. Neddylation pathway alleviates chronic pancreatitis by reducing HIF1α-CCL5-dependent macrophage infiltration. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:273. [PMID: 33723230 PMCID: PMC7960984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by a wide range of irreversible fibro-inflammatory diseases with largely ambiguous pathogenesis. Although neddylation pathway has been implicated in regulating immune responses, whether the dysregulation of neddylation is involved in the progression of CP and how neddylation regulates the inflammatory microenvironment of CP have not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that global inactivation of neddylation pathway by MLN4924 significantly exacerbates chronic pancreatitis. The increased M2 macrophage infiltration, mediated by the upregulated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), is responsible for the enhanced pancreatitis-promoting activity of MLN4924. Both CCL5 blockade and macrophage depletion contribute to alleviating pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation in MLN4924-treated CP mice. Mechanistic investigation identifies that inactivation of Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) stabilizes cellular levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which increases CCL5 expression by promoting CCL5 transactivation. Clinically, UBE2M expression remarkably decreases in human CP tissues compared with normal specimens and the levels of CCL5 and M2 marker CD163 are negatively correlated with UBE2M intensity, suggesting that neddylation is involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Hence, our studies reveal a neddylation-associated immunopathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and provide new ideas for the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Lin
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxue Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuguang Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Belcher A, Zulfiker AHM, Li OQ, Yue H, Gupta AS, Li W. Targeting Thymidine Phosphorylase With Tipiracil Hydrochloride Attenuates Thrombosis Without Increasing Risk of Bleeding in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:668-682. [PMID: 33297751 PMCID: PMC8105268 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current antiplatelet medications increase the risk of bleeding, which leads to a clear clinical need in developing novel mechanism-based antiplatelet drugs. TYMP (Thymidine phosphorylase), a cytoplasm protein that is highly expressed in platelets, facilitates multiple agonist-induced platelet activation, and enhances thrombosis. Tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), a selective TYMP inhibitor, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. We tested the hypothesis that TPI is a safe antithrombotic medication. Approach and Results: By coexpression of TYMP and Lyn, GST (glutathione S-transferase) tagged Lyn-SH3 domain or Lyn-SH2 domain, we showed the direct evidence that TYMP binds to Lyn through both SH3 and SH2 domains, and TPI diminished the binding. TYMP deficiency significantly inhibits thrombosis in vivo in both sexes. Pretreatment of platelets with TPI rapidly inhibited collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Under either normal or hyperlipidemic conditions, treating wild-type mice with TPI via intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, or gavage feeding dramatically inhibited thrombosis without inducing significant bleeding. Even at high doses, TPI has a lower bleeding side effect compared with aspirin and clopidogrel. Intravenous delivery of TPI alone or combined with tissue plasminogen activator dramatically inhibited thrombosis. Dual administration of a very low dose of aspirin and TPI, which had no antithrombotic effects when used alone, significantly inhibited thrombosis without disturbing hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that inhibition of TYMP, a cytoplasmic protein, attenuated multiple signaling pathways that mediate platelet activation, aggregation, and thrombosis. TPI can be used as a novel antithrombotic medication without the increase in risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Belcher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Abu Hasanat Md Zulfiker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Oliver Qiyue Li
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research; Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Hong Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
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16
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Jouni F, Brouchoud C, Capowiez Y, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Rault M. Elucidating pesticide sensitivity of two endogeic earthworm species through the interplay between esterases and glutathione S-transferases. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127724. [PMID: 32805653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are common organisms in soil toxicity-testing framework, and endogeic species are currently recommended due to their ecological role in agroecosystem. However, little is known on their pesticide metabolic capacities. We firstly compared the baseline activity of B-esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in Allolobophora chlorotica and Aporrectodea caliginosa. Secondly, vulnerability of these species to pesticide exposure was assessed by in vitro trials using the organophosphate (OP) chlorpyrifos-ethyl-oxon (CPOx) and ethyl-paraoxon (POx), and by short-term (7 days) in vivo metabolic responses in soil contaminated with pesticides. Among B-esterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was abundant in the microsomal fraction (80% and 70% of total activity for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica, respectively). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured using three substrates to examine species differences in isoenzyme and sensitivity to both in vitro and in vivo exposure. CbEs were mainly found in the cytosolic fraction (80% and 60% for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica respectively). GST was exclusively found in the soluble fraction for both species. Both OPs inhibited B-esterases in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro trials revealed a pesticide-specific response, being A. chlorotica AChE more sensitive to CPOx compared to POx. CbE activity was inhibited at the same extent in both species. The 7-d exposure showed A. chlorotica less sensitive to both OPs, which contrasted with outcomes from in vitro experiments. This non-related functional between both approaches for assessing pesticide toxicity suggests that other mechanisms linked with in vivo OP bioactivation and excretion could have a significant role in the OP toxicity in endogeic earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Jouni
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Corinne Brouchoud
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, UMR 1114 EMMAH Domaine Saint Paul, 84914, Avignon Cedex 09, France
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France.
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17
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Zhang F, Qiao Z, Yao C, Sun S, Liu W, Wang J. Effects of the novel HPPD-inhibitor herbicide QYM201 on enzyme activity and microorganisms, and its degradation in soil. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:80-90. [PMID: 33222056 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
QYM201 is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting herbicide recently registered in China for controlling grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat. It is a novel herbicide, and its potential harm to soil ecosystems has not yet been reported. This study investigates the influence of QYM201 on soil enzyme activity and microorganism quantities in two different soils at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg kg-1 soil. Results indicate that QYM201 initially inhibited soil protease, urease, and sucrase activity and this effect increased with concentration. During the later stages of incubation, inhibitory effects gradually weakened and by the end of the experiment (45 days), enzyme activity was restored to control levels. Catalase activity was stimulated by QYM201, with significant differences observed between the QYM201-treated groups and the control at the onset of exposure. This stimulation effect decreased during the later stages of the experiment. However, catalase activity was still significantly higher at the end of the experiment compared to the control. The effects of QYM201 on soil microorganisms differed. Initially, bacteria and actinomycetes quantities were decreased by QYM201 (10 days). As the incubation progressed, microorganism quantities in the lower concentration groups (0.1 and 1 mg kg-1 soil) were restored to control levels, while those of the high concentration group (5 mg kg-1 soil) did not fully recover. QYM201 did not significantly impact the quantity of fungi. The half-life and degradation rate constant (k) of QYM201 for the two studied soil types were 23.1 days and 16.1 days, and 0.030 and 0.043 day-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Chentao Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Shiang Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, PR China.
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18
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Cheng F, Yun SJ, Cao JL, Chang MC, Meng JL, Liu JY, Cheng YF, Feng CP. Differential Gene Expression and Biological Analyses of Primary Hepatocytes Following D-Chiro-Inositol Supplement. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:700049. [PMID: 34335474 PMCID: PMC8320774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements have improved the prevention of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases, which became a research hotspot in food science and nutrition. Obesity and insulin resistance, caused by a high-fat diet, eventually result in severe metabolic diseases, can be prevented with the dietary supplement D-chiro-inositol (DCI). In this work, we isolated mice primary hepatocytes with palmitic acid stimulation and DCI was applied to compare and contrast its effects of in primary hepatocyte biology. Before and after intervention with DCI, we used RNA-Seq technology to establish a primary hepatocyte transcriptome gene profile. We found that both PA and DCI cause a wide variation in gene expression. Particularly, we found that DCI plays critical role in this model by acting on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Overall, we generated extensive transcripts from primary hepatocytes and uncovered new functions and gene targets for DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shao-jun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jin-ling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ming-chang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Research Station for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jun-long Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Shanxi Research Station for Engineering Technology of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jing-yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yan-fen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cui-ping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Cui-ping Feng,
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Inderbinen SG, Zogg M, Kley M, Smieško M, Odermatt A. Species-specific differences in the inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by itraconazole and posaconazole. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115387. [PMID: 33387577 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) converts active 11β-hydroxyglucocorticoids to their inactive 11-keto forms, thereby preventing inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor activation by glucocorticoids. Disruption of 11β-HSD2 activity by genetic defects or inhibitors causes the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), characterized by hypokalemia, hypernatremia and hypertension. Recently, the azole antifungals itraconazole and posaconazole were identified to potently inhibit human 11β-HSD2, and several case studies described patients with acquired AME. To begin to understand why this adverse drug effect was missed during preclinical investigations, the inhibitory potential of itraconazole, its main metabolite hydroxyitraconazole (OHI) and posaconazole against 11β-HSD2 from human and three commonly used experimental animals was assessed. Whilst human 11β-HSD2 was potently inhibited by all three compounds (IC50 values in the nanomolar range), the rat enzyme was moderately inhibited (1.5- to 6-fold higher IC50 values compared to human), and mouse and zebrafish 11β-HSD2 were very weakly inhibited (IC50 values above 7 μM). Sequence alignment and application of newly generated homology models for human and mouse 11β-HSD2 revealed significant differences in the C-terminal region and the substrate binding pocket. Exchange of the C-terminus and substitution of residues Leu170,Ile172 in mouse 11β-HSD2 by the corresponding residues His170,Glu172 of the human enzyme resulted in a gain of sensitivity to itraconazole and posaconazole, resembling human 11β-HSD2. The results provide an explanation for the observed species-specific 11β-HSD2 inhibition by the studied azole antifungals. The obtained structure-activity relationship information should facilitate future assessments of 11β-HSD2 inhibitors and aid choosing adequate animal models for efficacy and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Inderbinen
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zogg
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Kley
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
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20
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Ren L, Hu Z, Wang Q, Du Y, Zong W. Regulation Efficacy and Mechanism of the Toxicity of Microcystin-LR Targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 via the Biodegradation Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120790. [PMID: 33322407 PMCID: PMC7764552 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is important to regulate the toxicity and environmental risk of microcystins (MCs). To explore their regulation effectiveness and mechanism, typical biodegradation products originating from microcystin-LR (MCLR) were prepared and purified. The protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition experiment showed the biodegradation pathway was effective in regulating the toxicity of the biodegradation products by extending the biodegradation. With the assistance of molecular docking, the specific interaction between the toxins and PP1 was explored. The MCLR/MCLR biodegradation products combined with PP1 mainly by the aid of interactions related to the active sites Adda5, Glu6, Mdha7, and the ionic bonds/hydrogen bonds between the integral toxin and PP1. As a consequence, the interactions between Mn22+ and Asp64/Asp92 in the catalytic center were inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in the reduced toxicity of the biodegradation products. During the biodegradation process, the relevant key interactions might be weakened or even disappear, and thus the toxicity was regulated. It is worth noting that the secondary pollution of the partial products (especially for Adda5-Glu6-Mdha7-Ala1 and the linearized MCLR), which still possessed the major active sites, is of deep concern.
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Sarkar S, Saha P, Seth RK, Mondal A, Bose D, Kimono D, Albadrani M, Mukherjee A, Porter DE, Scott GI, Xiao S, Brooks B, Ferry J, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Chatterjee S. Higher intestinal and circulatory lactate associated NOX2 activation leads to an ectopic fibrotic pathology following microcystin co-exposure in murine fatty liver disease. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108854. [PMID: 32781293 PMCID: PMC7541568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies implicated an increased risk of intestinal fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous studies have shown that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure led to altered gut microbiome and increased abundance of lactate producing bacteria and intestinal inflammation in underlying NAFLD. This led us to further investigate the effects of the MC-LR, a PP2A inhibitor in activating the TGF-β fibrotic pathway in the intestines that might be mediated by increased lactate induced redox enzyme NOX2. Exposure to MC-LR led to higher lactate levels in circulation and in the intestinal content. The higher lactate levels were associated with NOX2 activation in vivo that led to increased Smad2/3-Smad4 co-localization and high alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity in the intestines. Mechanistically, primary mouse intestinal epithelial cells treated with lactate and MC-LR separately led to higher NOX2 activation, phosphorylation of TGFβR1 receptor and subsequent Smad 2/3-Smad4 co-localization inhibitable by apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor), FBA (a peroxynitrite scavenger) and DMPO (a nitrone spin trap), catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inhibition of NOX2-induced redox signaling also showed a significant decrease in collagen protein thus suggesting a strong redox signaling induced activation of an ectopic fibrotic manifestation in the intestines. In conclusion, the present study provides mechanistic insight into the role of microcystin in dysbiosis-linked lactate production and subsequently advances our knowledge in lactate-induced NOX2 exacerbation of the cell differentiation and fibrosis in the NAFLD intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Muayad Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dwayne E Porter
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Geoff I Scott
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, USA
| | - John Ferry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology(,) University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology(,) University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA.
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Franco RR, Ribeiro Zabisky LF, Pires de Lima Júnior J, Mota Alves VH, Justino AB, Saraiva AL, Goulart LR, Espindola FS. Antidiabetic effects of Syzygium cumini leaves: A non-hemolytic plant with potential against process of oxidation, glycation, inflammation and digestive enzymes catalysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113132. [PMID: 32673709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant materials are commonly used in traditional medicine in order to treat various diseases such as Diabetes mellitus. Some plants, such as Syzygium cumini, have the capability to act controlling oxidative stress and protein glycation besides their potential to decrease hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by the inhibition of the catalysis of digestive enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiglicant activity of S. cumini leaves fractions, their capacity to inhibit hydrolases and lipase enzymes, as well as the cytotoxicity effects against erythrocytes and comparate these results with isolate quercetin flavonoid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ethnobotanical researches, carried out by academic studies at the Federal University of Uberlandia, led us to choose S. cumini as a potential plant for treatment of Diabetes mellitus. Fractions from ethanolic extract of S. cumini (hexane/Hex, dichloromethane/DCM, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, n-butanol/ButOH and water/H2O) were used to evaluate their antioxidant (DPPH, ORAC and FRAP) and antiglycant (BSA/fructose, BSA/methylglyoxal and Arginine/Methylglyoxal) activity as well as the inhibitory potential against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase. In addition, identification of the main bioactive compounds of S. cuimini leaves by HPLC-ESIMS/MS analysis was carried out. RESULTS Our results indicate that all fractions, for exception Hex, present noteworthy antioxidant activity, mainly in EtOAc and ButOH fractions (FRAP 1154.49 ± 67.37 and 1178.27 ± 21.26 μmol trolox eq g-1, respectively; ORAC 1224.63 ± 58.16 and 1313.53 ± 85.23 μmol trolox eq g-1, respectively; DPPH IC50 15.7 ± 2.4 and 23.5 ± 2.7 μg mL-1, respectively). Regarding the antiglycant activity (BSA/fructose and Arginine/Methylglyoxal models), all fraction, for exception Hex, presented inhibition higher than 85%. All fractions were capable to inhibit 100% of α-amylase and the fractions DCM, EtOAc and ButOH inhibited α-glucosidase more than 50%. Regarding the lipase assay, DCM and Hex had the best activity (31.5 ± 14.3 and 44.3 ± 4.5 μg mL-1, respectively). Various biomolecules known as potent antioxidants were identified in these fractions, such as quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and (Epi)catechin. CONCLUSION S. cumini fractions and quercetin presented promising antioxidant and antiglycation properties as well as the ability to inhibit digestive enzymes. This study presents new biological activities not yet described for S. cumini which provide new possibilities for further studies in order to assess the antidiabetic potential of S. cumini fractions especially EtOAc and ButOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ribeiro Zabisky
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Joed Pires de Lima Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Mota Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Saraiva
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Massey IY, Wu P, Wei J, Luo J, Ding P, Wei H, Yang F. A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E641. [PMID: 33020400 PMCID: PMC7601875 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) produce microcystins (MCs) which are associated with animal and human hepatotoxicity. Over 270 variants of MC exist. MCs have been continually studied due of their toxic consequences. Monitoring water quality to assess the presence of MCs is of utmost importance although it is often difficult because CyanoHABs may generate multiple MC variants, and their low concentration in water. To effectively manage and control these toxins and prevent their health risks, sensitive, fast, and reliable methods capable of detecting MCs are required. This paper aims to review the three main analytical methods used to detect MCs ranging from biological (mouse bioassay), biochemical (protein phosphatase inhibition assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), and chemical (high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance capillary electrophoresis, and gas chromatography), as well as the newly emerging biosensor methods. In addition, the current state of these methods regarding their novel development and usage, as well as merits and limitations are presented. Finally, this paper also provides recommendations and future research directions towards method application and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yaw Massey
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Pian Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Jia Wei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Ping Ding
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (I.Y.M.); (P.W.); (J.W.); (J.L.); (P.D.)
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Sedan D, Malaissi L, Vaccarini CA, Ventosi E, Laguens M, Rosso L, Giannuzzi L, Andrinolo D. [D-Leu 1]MC-LR Has Lower PP1 Inhibitory Capability and Greater Toxic Potency than MC-LR in Animal and Plant Tissues. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100632. [PMID: 33019556 PMCID: PMC7600089 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two microcystins, MC-LR and [D-Leu1]MC-LR, present in La Plata Basin blooms, are differentiated by substitution of D-Alanine for D-Leucine at position 1. Our objective was to evaluate acute toxicity of [D-Leu1]MC-LR and MC-LR in mice (N:NIH Swiss) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). We observed variations in [D-Leu1]MC-LR lethal doses with respect to those reported for MC-LR (100 μg/kg), with an increased liver/body weight ratio and intrahepatic hemorrhages in mice exposed to 50–200 μg [D-Leu1]MC-LR/kg and slight steatosis after a single 25 μg [D-Leu1]MC-LR/kg i.p. dose. Our study in the plant model showed alterations in germination, development, morphology and TBARs levels after a single contact with the toxins during imbibition (3.5 and 15 µg/mL), those treated with [D-Leu1]MC-LR being more affected than those treated with the same concentration of MC-LR. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) IC50 values were 40.6 nM and 5.3 nM for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and MC-LR, respectively. However, the total phosphatase activity test in root homogenate showed 60% inhibition for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and 12% for MC-LR. In mouse liver homogenate, 50% inhibition was observed for [D-Leu1]MC-LR and 40% for MC-LR. Our findings indicate the need for further research into [D-Leu1]MC-LR toxicity since together with oxidative stress, the possible inhibition of other phosphatases could explain the differences detected in the potency of the two toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sedan
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Luciano Malaissi
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Cristian Adrián Vaccarini
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Ventosi
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Martín Laguens
- Pathology B Cathedra, School of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lorena Rosso
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Leda Giannuzzi
- Research Center in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Darío Andrinolo
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Area of Toxicology, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Morales-Navas M, Castaño-Castaño S, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Gil A, Teresa Colomina M, Leinekugel X, Sánchez-Santed F. Similarities between the Effects of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos and Valproic Acid on Ultrasonic Vocalization in Infant Wistar Rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17176376. [PMID: 32882988 PMCID: PMC7504564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in pups has become established as a good tool for evaluating behaviors related to communication deficits and emotional states observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure leads to impairments and social behavior deficits associated with autism, with the effects of VPA being considered as a reliable animal model of ASD. Some studies also suggest that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) could enhance autistic-like behaviors. Methods: In order to explore these similarities, in the present study we tested whether prenatal exposure to CPF at GD12.5–14.5 produces effects that are comparable to those produced by prenatal VPA exposure at GD12.5 in infant Wistar rats. Using Deep Squeek software, we evaluated total number of USVs, latency to the first call, mean call duration, principal frequency peak, high frequency peak, and type of calls. Results: Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that exposure to both CPF and VPA leads to a significantly smaller number of calls along with a longer latency to produce the first call. No significant effects were found for the remaining dependent variables. Conclusions: These results suggest that prenatal exposure to CPF could produce certain behaviors that are reminiscent of those observed in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-N.); (F.S.-S.); Tel.: +34-950-214631 (F.S.-S)
| | - Sergio Castaño-Castaño
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Calle Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - María Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Leinekugel
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Mediterranée (INMED), INSERM UMR1249, Aix-Marseille University, Parc Scientifique de Luminy BP.13, CEDEX 09, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Center, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (C.P.-F.); (A.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-N.); (F.S.-S.); Tel.: +34-950-214631 (F.S.-S)
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26
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Aziz N, Sami A, Jabeen A, Gulfraz M, Qureshi R, Ibrahim T, Farooqi AA, Naqvi SMS, Ahmad MS. Formulation and evaluation of antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of Polygonum amplexicaule herbal gel. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1961-1969. [PMID: 33824102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are long been used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Among medicinal plants, Polygonum amplexicaule of family polygonaceae has traditional use in medicines and skin care. P. amplexicaule belongs to genus Polygonum that contains several important phytochemicals and considered as a rich source of antioxidants. The present study was designed to formulate herbal gel containing P. amplexicaule extract and evaluate its different physical properties as well as antioxidants and antityrosinase activities. Chitosan gel base was used as gelling agent and different gel formulations were prepared by different concentrations of extracts and polymers. Physical properties like pH, colour, odour, appearance and homogeneity, spreadability, extrudability and stability were optimized and analysed. A stable gel formulation containing 1% chitosan gel base and 5% plant extract was prepared that showed good appearance and homogeneity, easily spread ability and excellent extrudability. This gel formulation was tested for antioxidant and skin whitening properties by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and tyrosinase inhibition assay respectively and ascorbic acid was used as reference standard. DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.446 mg/mL and tyrosinase inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 0.805 mg/mL was observed and results indicated that this herbal gel formulation has a good potential for cosmetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gulfraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan/ National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - S M Saqlan Naqvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Figueroa D, Signore A, Araneda O, Contreras HR, Concha M, García C. Toxicity and differential oxidative stress effects on zebrafish larvae following exposure to toxins from the okadaic acid group. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:573-588. [PMID: 32686606 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1793046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid-group (OA-group) is a set of lipophilic toxins produced only in seawater by species of the Dinophysis and Prorocentrum genera, and characterized globally by being associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). The diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) are the most prevalent toxic analogues making up the OA-group, which jeopardize environmental safety and human health through consumption of hydrobiological organisms contaminated with these toxins that produce diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) syndrome in humans. Consequently, a regulatory limit of 160 μg of OA-group/kg was established for marine resources (bivalves). The aim of this study was to investigate effects varying concentrations of 1-15 μg/ml OA or DTX-1 on toxicity, development, and oxidative damage in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). After determining the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) in zebrafish larvae of 10 and 7 μg/ml (24 h) and effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 8 and 6 μg/ml (24 h), different concentrations (5, 6.5, or 8 μg/ml of OA and 4, 4.5, or 6 μg/ml of DTX-1) were used to examine the effects of these toxins on oxidative damage to larvae at different time points between 24 and 120 hpf. Macroscopic evaluation during the exposure period showed alterations in zebrafish including pericardial edema, cyclopia, shortening in the anteroposterior axis, and developmental delay. The activity levels of biochemical biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were markedly elevated. In addition, increased levels of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and carbonyl content) were detected following toxin exposure. Data demonstrate that high concentrations of OA and DTX-1produced pathological damage in the early stages of development <48 h post-fertilization (hpf) associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Figueroa
- Laboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Ailen Signore
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Araneda
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Los Andes , Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R Contreras
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Concha
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos García
- Laboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Takemoto K, Fukasaka Y, Yoshimoto R, Nambu H, Yukioka H. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 inhibition induces dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and leads to intestinal barrier failure and diarrhea in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14542. [PMID: 32786057 PMCID: PMC7422801 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal metabolism and transport of triacylglycerol (TAG) play a critical role in dietary TAG absorption, and defects in the process are associated with congenital diarrhea. The final reaction in TAG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1 and DGAT2), which uses activated fatty acids (FA) as substrates. Loss-of-function mutations in DGAT1 cause watery diarrhea in humans, but mechanisms underlying the relationship between altered DGAT activity and diarrhea remain largely unclear. Here, the effects of DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition, alone or in combination, on dietary TAG absorption and diarrhea in mice were investigated by using a selective DGAT1 inhibitor (PF-04620110) and DGAT2 inhibitor (PF-06424439). Simultaneous administration of a single dosing of these inhibitors drastically decreased intestinal TAG secretion into the blood circulatory system and TAG accumulation in the duodenum at 60 min after lipid gavage. Under 60% high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, their repeated simultaneous administration for 2 days induced severe watery diarrhea and occasionally led to death. The diarrhea was accompanied by enhanced fecal FA excretion, intestinal injury and barrier failure. DGAT1 or DGAT2 inhibition alone did not induce the phenotypic changes observed in DGAT1/2 inhibitor-treated mice. The results demonstrate that DGAT1/2 inhibition alters TAG absorption and results in watery diarrhea in mice. DGAT1/2 inhibition-induced diarrhea may be caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction due to dysregulation of the cytotoxic FA metabolism. These findings suggest that DGAT-mediated intestinal TAG synthesis is a vital step for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity under HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takemoto
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary MedicineYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan
| | - Yumiko Fukasaka
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Hirohide Nambu
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Hideo Yukioka
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
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Ashooriha M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Rafiei A, Kardan M, Yazdian-Robati R, Emami S. Kojic acid-natural product conjugates as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112480. [PMID: 32652434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of our effort to develop potential tyrosinase inhibitors, we have conjugated the well-known tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid (KA) with several phenolic natural products such as umbelliferone, sesamol, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, isoeugenol, vanillin, isovanillin, and apocynin that some reports have shown their activity on tyrosinase enzyme. The designed compounds were synthesized using click reaction and 1,2,3-triazole formation. All compound showed potent anti-tyrosinase activity significantly higher than KA. The best activities were observed with apocynin and 4-coumarinol analogs (10c and 16c) displaying IC50 values of 0.03 and 0.02 μM, respectively. The potency of 16c was >460-times more than that of KA. Cell-based assays against B16F10 and HFF cells revealed that the representative compounds can efficiently suppress the melanogenesis without significant toxicity on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ashooriha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Kardan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Nagaraja R, Olaharski A, Narayanaswamy R, Mahoney C, Pirman D, Gross S, Roddy TP, Popovici-Muller J, Smolen GA, Silverman L. Preclinical toxicology profile of squalene epoxidase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115103. [PMID: 32522582 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particularly aggressive subset of lung cancer, and identification of new therapeutic options is of significant interest. We recently reported that SCLC cell lines display a specific vulnerability to inhibition of squalene epoxidase (SQLE), an enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the conversion of squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene. Since it has been reported that SQLE inhibition can result in dermatitis in dogs, we conducted a series of experiments to determine if SQLE inhibitors would be tolerated at exposures predicted to drive maximal efficacy in SCLC tumors. Detailed profiling of the SQLE inhibitor NB-598 showed that dogs did not tolerate predicted efficacious exposures, with dose-limiting toxicity due to gastrointestinal clinical observations, although skin toxicities were also observed. To extend these studies, two SQLE inhibitors, NB-598 and Cmpd-4″, and their structurally inactive analogs, NB-598.ia and Cmpd-4″.ia, were profiled in monkeys. While both active SQLE inhibitors resulted in dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity, the structurally similar inactive analogs did not. Collectively, our data demonstrate that significant toxicities arise at exposures well below the predicted levels needed for anti-tumor activity. The on-target nature of the toxicities identified is likely to limit the potential therapeutic utility of SQLE inhibition for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Nagaraja
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrew Olaharski
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - David Pirman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Stefan Gross
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Thomas P Roddy
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | | | | | - Lee Silverman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 88 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Rajendran RS, Wang R, Hsiao CD, Li J, Xia Q, Liu K. Isoliquiritigenin triggers developmental toxicity and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos/larvae via Nrf2-HO1/JNK-ERK/mitochondrion pathway. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125727. [PMID: 31896010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is an emerging natural flavonoid found in the roots of licorice, exhibits antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of ISL in embryonic development is yet to be elucidated, and the mechanisms underlying its target-organ toxicity and harmful side effects are still unclear. In the present study, we employed zebrafish embryos to study the developmental toxicity effect of ISL and its underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish embryos upon treatment with either vehicle control (0.1% DMSO) or ISL solutions for 4-96 h post fertilization (hpf) showed that ISL exposure instigated severe developmental toxicity in heart, liver, and nervous system. Mortality and morphological abnormalities were also observed. High concentrations of ISL exposure resulted in abnormal phenotypes and embryonic malformations including pericardial edema, swim bladder defects, yolk retention, curved body shape and shortening of body length. Moreover, ISL exposure led to significant loss of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by reduced locomotor behaviour. Apoptotic cells were predominantly located in the heart area of 96 hpf embryo. Additionally, ISL significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation content and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. The expressions pattern of apoptosis-related genes Bad, Cyto c, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 indicated that the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis triggered by ISL suggest involvement of Nrf2-HO1/JNK-ERK/mitochondrion pathways. In conclusion, here we provide first evidence that demonstrate ISL-induced dose-dependent developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, gene expression patterns in the embryos correlate the above and reveal potential genetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Huazheng Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - R Samuel Rajendran
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, China
| | - Jianheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250103, China.
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Olugbami JO, Damoiseaux R, Odunola OA, Gimzewski JK. Mitigation of aflatoxin B1- and sodium arsenite-induced cytotoxicities in HUC-PC urinary bladder cells by curcumin and Khaya senegalensis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0309/jbcpp-2019-0309.xml. [PMID: 32324162 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Concomitant exposure to environmental/occupational toxicants such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and arsenic in some regions of the world has been well reported. Therefore, this calls for the assessment of the efficacy of agents such as phytochemicals, which are already known for their ethno-medicinal uses in prophylaxis/remediation. We investigated the possible cytotoxic bio-interactions between AFB1 and sodium arsenite (SA) in urinary bladder cells. We also assessed the cytoprotective effects of curcumin and the ethanol stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis (K2S). Methods The cells were exposed to graded levels of AFB1, SA, curcumin, and K2S for 24, 48, and 72 h. Subsequently, using optimum toxic concentrations of AFB1 and SA, respectively, the influence of non-toxic levels of curcumin and/or K2S was tested on exposure of the cells to AFB1 and/or SA. Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining technique was used to determine the end-points due to cytotoxicity with changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels determined using Promega's CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay. Results Co-treatment of the cells with AFB1 and SA resulted in synergy in cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxicity was reduced by 3.5- and 2.9-fold by pre-treatment of the cells with curcumin and K2S before treatment with AFB1, while post-treatment resulted in 1.1- and 2.6-fold reduction, respectively. Pre-exposure of the cells with curcumin and K2S before treatment with SA ameliorated cytotoxicity by 3.8- and 3.0-fold, but post-treatment caused a 1.2- and 1.3-fold reduction, respectively. Conclusions Pre-treatment of the cells with either curcumin or K2S exhibited cytoprotective effects by ameliorating AFB1- and SA-induced cytotoxicity with inferred tendencies to prevent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Olorunjuwon Olugbami
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology (CRMB) Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, OY 200005, Nigeria
- Nano and Pico Characterisation (NPC) Laboratories, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening and Shared Resources (MSSR), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oyeronke Adunni Odunola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology (CRMB) Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, OY 200005, Nigeria
| | - James Kazimierz Gimzewski
- Nano and Pico Characterisation (NPC) Laboratories, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) Satellite, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of toxic myopathy related to common medications, critical illness, and illicit substances. RECENT FINDINGS Muscle symptoms are common among statin users and are usually reversible after discontinuation of the statin; rarely, however, statins trigger an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy that persists and requires immunomodulatory therapy. Autoantibodies targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase can distinguish the toxic and immune-mediated forms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, increasingly used in the treatment of advanced cancer, have recently been associated with the development of inflammatory myositis. A reversible mitochondrial myopathy has long been associated with zidovudine, but recent reports elucidate the risk of myopathy with newer antivirals, such as telbivudine and raltegravir. SUMMARY The medications most commonly associated with myopathy include statins, amiodarone, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, colchicine, certain antivirals, and corticosteroids, and myopathy can occur with chronic alcoholism. Certain clinical, electrodiagnostic, and histologic features can aid in early recognition. Stopping the use of the offending agent reverses symptoms in most cases, but specific and timely treatment may be required in cases related to agents that trigger immune-mediated muscle injury.
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Hu Q, Guan XQ, Song LL, Wang HN, Xiong Y, Liu JL, Yin H, Cao YF, Hou J, Yang L, Ge GB. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by environmental xenoestrogens. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 192:110305. [PMID: 32070782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental xenoestrogens are the most accessible endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been reported with harmful effects on human health. Although the influences of xenoestrogens on the endocrine system have been extensively studied, it remains unclear whether these xenoestrogens can affect the digestive system in mammals. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanism of six non-steroidal synthetic estrogens (including hexestrol, diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, bisphenol A, bisphenol AF and bisphenol Z) on pancreatic lipase (PL), a key digestive enzyme responsible for lipid digestion and absorption in mammals. The results clearly demonstrated that hexestrol, diethylstilbestrol and dienestrol exhibited strong inhibition on PL, with the IC50 values of less than 1.0 μM. Further investigations elucidated that these three synthetic estrogens functioned as mixed inhibitors of PL, with the Ki values of less than 1 μM. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations showed that diethylstilbestrol and its analogues might block the binding of substrate on PL via occupying the portal to the active site of PL and thereby inhibit the hydrolytic activity of this key enzyme. Collectively, these results suggested that diethylstilbestrol and its analogues were potent PL inhibitors, which might play a profound role in lipid absorption and weight gain in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hao-Nan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun-Ling Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Laboratory Co.Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wang H, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Guo W, Liu W, Wang J. Biochemical responses and DNA damage induced by herbicide QYR301 in earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Chemosphere 2020; 244:125512. [PMID: 31816546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
QYR301, a novel herbicidal inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), has great potential for resistant weed control in paddy fields, but massive use of pesticides may result in toxicity to soil non-target organisms. Thus, this study was designed to assess subchronic toxicity of different doses of QYR301 in artificial soil (0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg kg-1) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after exposure, using biomarkers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and DNA damage. The ROS content significantly increased for all treatments on 7 and 14 days then decreased, and recovered to control level for 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg-1 treatment on day 28. Concerning enzymes activities, QYR301 increased POD, SOD, and GST activities, but inhibited CAT activity. Except for POD activity, SOD, CAT, and GST activities of 0.1 mg kg-1 group recovered to control level on day 28. Also, the MDA content of 0.1 mg kg-1 group reached control level on day 28. However, DNA damage was observed for all treatments throughout the experiment and it increased with increasing doses and time except for 5.0 mg kg-1 treatment on day 28. These results suggested that QYR301 induced excessive ROS production leading to oxidative stress in earthworms, which caused lipid membrane peroxidation and DNA damage ultimately. The findings could provide a theoretical foundation for assessing ecological damage of QYR301 to soils and a guide for future QYR301 applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baolin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenlei Guo
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Bangeranye C, Lim YS. How to Use Cognitively Diagnostic Assessments of Student Performance as a Method for Monitoring and Managing the Instructional Quality in Undergraduate Medical Education. Acad Med 2020; 95:145-150. [PMID: 31425191 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Course evaluations by students are a standard tool that U.S. universities use to monitor the quality of their product. Here, the authors examine an alternative method of monitoring instructional quality that differs from traditional approaches in that it does not rely on students' ratings. The authors sought to glean relevant diagnostic information about course effectiveness from in-class exams used to assess students' learning progress (i.e., cognitively diagnostic assessments that explicitly target instructional content). METHOD The authors used data from an end-of-course, cumulative exam given in 2015 and in 2016 to 200 first-year medical students. They mapped the exam questions to 4 attributes and analyzed the students' overall mastery of the content tested and the percentage of students mastering each attribute. RESULTS Analyses of the cognitively diagnostic assessment data revealed the percentage of the cohort who achieved/failed to achieve mastery of each of the attributes, discreet mastery profiles that distinguish among students with similar scores, and the percentage of the cohort within each of the 16 attribute mastery profiles. Analysis allowed the authors to evaluate how well the course content was delivered. CONCLUSIONS Cognitively diagnostic assessments enable in-class tests to appraise which skills specified in the curriculum have/have not been mastered by the students and how many students have mastered/failed to master which particular skills. Hence, if the learning goals have been well defined at the beginning of a course, then cognitively diagnostic assessments can show to what degree the instructional objectives have actually been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bangeranye
- C. Bangeranye is assistant professor, Department of Science Education, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-3206. Y.S. Lim is visiting assistant professor, School of Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-1527
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Hu H, Zhou H, Zhou S, Li Z, Wei C, Yu Y, Hay AG. Fomesafen impacts bacterial communities and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:302-311. [PMID: 31323613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fomesafen, a long-lived protoporphyrinogen-oxidase inhibitor, specially developed for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds, is used widely in soybean fields in northern China (Dayan and Duke, 2010). The impact of fomesafen on microbial communities in rhizosphere soils, however, is unknown. In this study we examined fomesafen degradation as well as its effects in the rhizosphere of soybean plants grown in a greenhouse. Fomesafen had shorter half-life in rhizosphere soil than previously reported for bulk soil from the same location (87 vs 120 days). The enzyme activity of soil extracts and the microbial community composition of 16S rRNA genes (16S) amplified from soil DNA were also investigated. Although not immediately apparent, both the high (37.5 mg kg-1) and low (18.75 mg kg-1) doses of fomesafen significantly decreased urease and invertase activities in the rhizosphere soil from days 30 and 45 respectively until the end of the experiment (90 days). Analysis of 16S amplicons demonstrated that fomesafen had a dose dependent effect, decreasing alpha diversity and altering beta diversity. Significant phylum level decreases were observed in five of the ten phyla that were most abundant in the control. Proteobacteria was the only phylum whose relative abundance increased in the presence of fomesafen, driven by increases in the genera Methylophilacaea, Dyella, and Sphingomonas. The functional implications of changes in 16S abundance as predicted using PICRUSt suggested that fomesafen enriched for enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification (cytochrome P450s and glutathione metabolism). Our data suggest that, despite being degraded more rapidly in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil, fomesafen had long-lasting functional impacts on the soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shixiong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China; College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yong Yu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Anthony G Hay
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA.
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Lupien LE, Dunkley EM, Maloy MJ, Lehner IB, Foisey MG, Ouellette ME, Lewis LD, Pooler DB, Kinlaw WB, Baures PW. An Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase Thioesterase Domain with Improved Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells and Stability in Plasma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:171-185. [PMID: 31300609 PMCID: PMC7184194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that many cancers are addicted to a constant supply of fatty acids (FAs) and exhibit brisk de novo FA synthesis. Upregulation of a key lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a near-universal feature of human cancers and their precursor lesions, and has been associated with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival. FASN inhibition has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells, but progress in the field has been hindered by off-target effects and poor pharmaceutical properties of candidate compounds. Our initial hit (compound 1) was identified from a high-throughput screening effort by the Sanford-Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics using purified FASN thioesterase (FASN-TE) domain. Despite being a potent inhibitor of purified FASN-TE, compound 1 proved highly unstable in mouse plasma and only weakly cytotoxic to breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. An iterative process of synthesis, cytotoxicity testing, and plasma stability assessment was used to identify a new lead (compound 41). This lead is more cytotoxic against multiple BC cell lines than tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid (the literature standard for inhibiting FASN), is stable in mouse plasma, and shows negligible cytotoxic effects against nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Compound 41 also has drug-like physical properties based on Lipinski's rules and is, therefore, a valuable new lead for targeting fatty acid synthesis to exploit the requirement of tumor cells for fatty acids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An iterative process of synthesis and biological testing was used to identify a novel thioesterase domain FASN inhibitor that has drug-like properties, is more cytotoxic to breast cancer cells than the widely used tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid, and has negligible effects on the growth and proliferation of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Our studies have confirmed the value of using potent and selective FASN inhibitors in the treatment of BC cells and have shown that the availability of exogenous lipoproteins may impact both cancer cell FA metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Lupien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Evan M Dunkley
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Margaret J Maloy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Ian B Lehner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maxwell G Foisey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maddison E Ouellette
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Darcy Bates Pooler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W Baures
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
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Albadrani M, Seth RK, Sarkar S, Kimono D, Mondal A, Bose D, Porter DE, Scott GI, Brooks B, Raychoudhury S, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Jule Y, Diehl AM, Chatterjee S. Exogenous PP2A inhibitor exacerbates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via NOX2-dependent activation of miR21. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G408-G428. [PMID: 31393787 PMCID: PMC6842990 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global pandemic. Though significant progress has been made in unraveling the pathophysiology of the disease, the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and its subsequent inhibition by environmental and genetic factors in NAFLD pathophysiology remains unclear. The present report tests the hypothesis that an exogenous PP2A inhibitor leads to hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis via an NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent pathway in NAFLD. Results showed that microcystin (MC) administration, a potent PP2A inhibitor found in environmental exposure, led to an exacerbation of NAFLD pathology with increased CD68 immunoreactivity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and stellate cell activation, a process that was attenuated in mice that lacked the p47phox gene and miR21 knockout mice. Mechanistically, leptin-primed immortalized Kupffer cells (a mimicked model for an NAFLD condition) treated with apocynin or nitrone spin trap 5,5 dimethyl-1- pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) had significantly decreased CD68 and decreased miR21 and α-smooth muscle actin levels, suggesting the role of NOX2-dependent reactive oxygen species in miR21-induced Kupffer cell activation and stellate cell pathology. Furthermore, NOX2-dependent peroxynitrite generation was primarily responsible for cellular events observed following MC exposure since incubation with phenylboronic acid attenuated miR21 levels, Kupffer cell activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, blocking of the AKT pathway attenuated PP2A inhibitor-induced NOX2 activation and miR21 upregulation. Taken together, we show that PP2A may have protective roles, and its inhibition exacerbates NAFLD pathology via activating NOX2-dependent peroxynitrite generation, thus increasing miR21-induced pathology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression via NADPH oxidase 2. In addition to a novel emchanism of action, we describe a new tool to describe NASH histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayad Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Dwayne E Porter
- Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Geoff I Scott
- Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Bryan Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Samir Raychoudhury
- Departments of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Health Science, Benedict College, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Jiao YH, Liu M, Wang G, Li HY, Liu JS, Yang X, Yang WD. EMT is the major target for okadaic acid-suppressed the development of neural crest cells in chick embryo. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:192-201. [PMID: 31085430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a main marine phycotoxin, okadaic acid (OA) is mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), through specifically inhibiting phosphatase (PP1 and PP2A). It has been shown that isotope labelled-OA could cross the placental barrier in mice. However, it remains obscure how OA exposure could affect the formation of neural crest cells (NCCs), especially cranial NCCs in early embryo development. Here, we explored the effects of OA exposure on the generation of neural crest cells during embryonic development using the classic chick embryo model. We found that OA exposure at 100 nM (80.5 μg/L) could cause craniofacial bone defects in the developing chick embryo and delay the development of early chick embryos. Immunofluorescent staining of HNK-1, Pax7, and Ap-2α demonstrated that cranial NCC generation was inhibited by OA exposure. Double immunofluorescent staining with Ap-2α/PHIS3 or Pax7/c-Caspase3 manifested that both NCC proliferation and apoptosis were restrained by OA exposure. Furthermore, the expression of Msx1 and BMP4 were down-regulated in the developing chick embryonic neural tubes, which could contribute the inhibitive production of NCCs. We also discovered that expression of EMT-related adhesion molecules, such as Cadherin 6B (Cad6B) and E-cadherin, was altered following OA exposure. In sum, OA exposure negatively affected the development of embryonic neural crest cells, which in turn might result in cranial bone malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Jia R, Zhang J, Ai W, Ding X, Desta S, Sun L, Sun Z, Ma X, Li Z, Wang D, Huang B, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of "Multi-Site"-binding influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:64-80. [PMID: 31176096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Encouraged by our earlier discovery of neuraminidase inhibitors targeting 150-cavity or 430-cavity, herein, to yield more potent inhibitors, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a series of novel oseltamivir derivatives via modification of C-1 and C5-NH2 of oseltamivir by exploiting 150-cavity and/or 430-cavity. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 15e, the most potent N1-selective inhibitor targeting 150-cavity, showed 1.5 and 1.8 times greater activity than oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC) against N1 (H5N1) and N1 (H5N1-H274Y). In cellular assays, 15e also exhibited greater potency than OSC against H5N1 with EC50 of 0.66 μM. In addition, 15e demonstrated low cytotoxicity in vitro and low acute toxicity in mice. Molecular docking studies provided insights into the high potency of 15e against N1 and N1-H274Y mutant NA. Overall, we envisioned that the significant breakthrough in the discovery of potent group-1-specific neuraminidase inhibitors may lead to further investigation of more potent anti-influenza agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Ai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Samuel Desta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhuosen Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Hong T, Li R, Sun LL, Xu J, He MT, Wang W, Yan R, Tong J, Zhang J. Role of the gene Phlda1 in fenvalerate-induced apoptosis and testicular damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:870-878. [PMID: 31524104 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1664584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fenvalerate (FEN), a pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide, has been shown to produce a potentially adverse effect on male reproduction. However the mechanisms are not completely understood. Thus this study aimed to (1) determine whether cellular apoptosis was involved in FEN-induced testicular damage in rats, and (2) identify the potential mechanism involved in FEN-induced apoptosis in testes. Data demonstrated that FEN markedly decreased serum testosterone levels, increased the inner diameter of seminiferous tubules, decreased the layers of spermatogenic cells, disturbed spermatogenesis and increased the number of apoptotic cells. Further, bioinformatic analysis of gene microarray in rat testis tissue showed that FEN significantly altered the expressions of genes (Krt8, Mal, Cd24, Lcn2, Phlda1, Arg2) related to apoptotic related processes. The expression pattern of these 6 genes was upregulated in FEN-treated rat testicular tissue. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Phlda1, a well-documented pro-apoptotic factor, was significantly elevated by FEN. The expression of PHLDA1 testicular protein was also elevated following FEN exposure. In conclusion, our results suggest that FEN exposure induced deleterious effects on rat testes associated with Phlda1-mediated apoptosis which may act as a molecular mechanism underlying FEN induced rat testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Lu-Lu Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Meng-Ting He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Jian Tong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases
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Ashrafi AM, Sýs M, Sedláčková E, Farag AS, Adam V, Přibyl J, Richtera L. Application of the Enzymatic Electrochemical Biosensors for Monitoring Non-Competitive Inhibition of Enzyme Activity by Heavy Metals. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19132939. [PMID: 31277338 PMCID: PMC6651500 DOI: 10.3390/s19132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition effect of the selected heavy metals (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+) on glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme from Aspergillus niger (EC 1.1.3.4.) was studied using a new amperometric biosensor with an electrochemical transducer based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) covered with a thin layer of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) incorporated with ruthenium(IV) oxide as a redox mediator. Direct adsorption of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and subsequent covering with Nafion® layer was used for immobilization of Gox. The analytical figures of merit of the developed glucose (Glc) biosensor are sufficient for determination of Glc in body fluids in clinical analysis. From all tested heavy metals, mercury(II) has the highest inhibition effect. However, it is necessary to remember that cadmium and silver ions also significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of Gox. Therefore, the development of Gox biosensors for selective indirect determination of each heavy metal still represents a challenge in the field of bioelectroanalysis. It can be concluded that amperometric biosensors, differing in the utilized enzyme, could find their application in the toxicity studies of various poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sýs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sedláčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Shaaban Farag
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- Czech Republic CEITEC MU, Nanobiotechnol Group, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chen J, Bian R, Li J, Qiu L, Lu B, Ouyang X. Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR reduces thyroid hormone levels by activating p38/MAPK and MEK/ERK signal pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:142-148. [PMID: 30771657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and abundant microcystin that produced by cyanobacteria. Previous studies have shown MC-LR had acute toxic to thyroid, however, the mechanism is still unclear, and the effect of long-term, low-dose MC-LR on thyroid remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the chronic, low-dose effect of MC-LR on mouse thyroid tissues and thyroid hormone metabolism. MC-LR was orally administered to mice at 0, 1, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L for 6 consecutive months for histopathological and immunoblot analysis. Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were cultured in various concentrations of MC-LR (0, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 nmol/L) for indicated time, meanwhile the cell viability and proteins change were tested. From our study, the chronic, low-dose MC-LR exposure can disturb thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism through activating the p38/MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, then up-regulating the expression of type 3 deiodinase. These data support the potential toxic effects of MC-LR on thyroid tissue and thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Chen
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Rongwen Bian
- Center for Chronic Diseases and Health Management, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Department of Laboratory, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiaojun Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Luojia Road 30, Nanjing 210024, China.
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Naewla S, Sirichoat A, Pannangrong W, Chaisawang P, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Hesperidin Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Memory Deficits via Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040936. [PMID: 31027240 PMCID: PMC6521088 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely used in cancer treatment. However, treatment with MTX reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to memory deficits. Hesperidin (Hsd) is a flavonoid glycoside that promotes anti-inflammation, acts as an antioxidant, and has neuroprotective properties. Consumption of Hsd enhances learning and memory. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Hsd against MTX-induced impairments of memory and neurogenesis; male Sprague Dawley rats were administered with a single dose of MTX (75 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) injection on days 8 and 15 or Hsd (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21 days. Memory was tested using novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks. Immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and doublecortin (DCX) was performed to assess cell proliferation, survival, and immature neurons. The data showed that Hsd and MTX did not disable locomotor ability. The MTX animals exhibited memory deficits in both memory tests. There were significant decreases in the numbers of cell proliferation, survival, and immature neurons in the MTX animals. However, co-administration with MTX and Hsd alleviated memory loss and neurogenesis decline. These results revealed that Hsd could protect against MTX side effects in the animals in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Naewla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanassanan Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Olker JH, Korte JJ, Denny JS, Hartig PC, Cardon MC, Knutsen CN, Kent PM, Christensen JP, Degitz SJ, Hornung MW. Screening the ToxCast Phase 1, Phase 2, and e1k Chemical Libraries for Inhibitors of Iodothyronine Deiodinases. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:430-442. [PMID: 30561685 PMCID: PMC6520049 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deiodinase enzymes play an essential role in converting thyroid hormones between active and inactive forms by deiodinating the pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and modifying T4 and T3 to inactive forms. Chemical inhibition of deiodinase activity has been identified as an important endpoint to include in screening chemicals for thyroid hormone disruption. To address the lack of data regarding chemicals that inhibit the deiodinase enzymes, we developed robust in vitro assays that utilized human deiodinase types 1, 2, and 3 and screened over 1800 unique chemicals from the U.S. EPA's ToxCast phase 1_v2, phase 2, and e1k libraries. Initial testing at a single concentration identified 411 putative deiodinase inhibitors that produced inhibition of 20% or greater in at least 1 of the 3 deiodinase assays, including chemicals that have not previously been shown to inhibit deiodinases. Of these, 228 chemicals produced enzyme inhibition of 50% or greater; these chemicals were further tested in concentration-response to determine relative potency. Comparisons across these deiodinase assays identified 81 chemicals that produced selective inhibition, with 50% inhibition or greater of only 1 of the deiodinases. This set of 3 deiodinase inhibition assays provides a significant contribution toward expanding the limited number of in vitro assays used to identify chemicals with the potential to interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis. In addition, these results set the groundwork for development and evaluation of structure-activity relationships for deiodinase inhibition, and inform targeted selection of chemicals for further testing to identify adverse outcomes of deiodinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Olker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Joseph J. Korte
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Jeffrey S. Denny
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Phillip C. Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Mary C. Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Carsten N. Knutsen
- Student Services Contractor to the U.S. EPA, NHEERL, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Paige M. Kent
- ORAU Student Services Contractor to the U.S. EPA, NHEERL, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Jessica P. Christensen
- ORAU Student Services Contractor to the U.S. EPA, NHEERL, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Sigmund J. Degitz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
| | - Michae1 W. Hornung
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Office of Research and Development, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, 55804
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Huang Z, Nan L, Wang F, Zhou S, Wang J, Feng X. Toxicity Effects of Methylene Blue on Rat Intervertebral Disc Annulus Fibrosus Cells. Pain Physician 2019; 22:155-164. [PMID: 30921981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing local application of methylene blue (MB) in the treatment of discogenic low back pain (LBP) and percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) procedures. MB could generate DNA damage and induce apoptosis in different cell types; however, the effects of MB on intervertebral disc (IVD) annulus fibrosus (AF) cells are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of MB on rat AF cells in vitro. STUDY DESIGN This study used an experimental design. SETTING This research was conducted at the Orthopaedic Institute of the Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University. METHODS AF cells were isolated and cultured with different concentrations of MB (0, 2, 20, and 200 mu-g/mL) and assessed to determine the possible cytotoxic effects of MB. The cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The inverted phase-contrast microscopy was used to perform morphological observation of apoptotic cells, and flow cytometry was used to measure the incidence of cell apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-associated genes (caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax) and other related genes (collagen type I, transforming growth factor beta1 [TGF-beta1], fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 [TIMP-1]) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Our results indicated that MB reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. MB also induced marked AF cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner observed by inverted phase-contrast microscopy, flow cytometry, and indicated by the increased expression of caspase-3. Both RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed significant up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression levels accompanied by decreased expression of Bcl-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, collagen type I, TGF-beta1, bFGF, and TIMP-1 mRNA and protein levels were also found to be decreased by MB in a concentration-dependent manner. LIMITATIONS Limitations of this study were the in vitro study design and lack of in vivo validation of the observed effects of MB on human IVD cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a high concentration of MB can not only inhibit proliferation and paracrine function of AF cells, but can also induce cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it is necessary to choose low concentrations of MB in practical application and limit the use of MB in the treatment of discogenic LBP to research protocols. KEY WORDS Methylene blue, annulus fibrosus cell, proliferation, apoptosis, paracrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Clinical College of Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Zenan Huang
- Clinical College of Yangzhou University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinmin Feng
- Clinical College of Yangzhou University, China
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Abbasi MA, Nazir M, Ur-Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Raza H, Shah SAA, Shahid M, Seo SY. Bi-heterocyclic benzamides as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors: Mechanistic comprehensions through kinetics and computational approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800278. [PMID: 30624805 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel bi-heterocyclic benzamides were synthesized by sequentially converting 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoic acid (1) into ethyl 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate (2), 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanohydrazide (3), and a nucleophilic 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (4). In a parallel series of reactions, various electrophiles were synthesized by reacting substituted anilines (5a-k) with 4-(chloromethyl)benzoylchloride (6) to afford 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substituted-phenyl)benzamides (7a-k). Finally, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4 was carried out with newly synthesized electrophiles, 7a-k, to acquire the targeted bi-heterocyclic benzamides, 8a-k. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was done by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, EI-MS, and CHN analysis data. The inhibitory effects of these bi-heterocyclic benzamides (8a-k) were evaluated against alkaline phosphatase, and all these molecules were identified as potent inhibitors relative to the standard used. The kinetics mechanism was ascribed by evaluating the Lineweaver-Burk plots, which revealed that compound 8b inhibited alkaline phosphatase non-competitively to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The inhibition constant Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 1.15 μM. The computational study was in full agreement with the experimental records and these ligands exhibited good binding energy values. These molecules also exhibited mild cytotoxicity toward red blood cell membranes when analyzed through hemolysis. So, these molecules might be deliberated as nontoxic medicinal scaffolds to render normal calcification of bones and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Majid Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Z Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Syed A A Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
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49
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Wang Z, Li G, Wu Q, Liu C, Shen J, Yan W. Microcystin-LR exposure induced nephrotoxicity by triggering apoptosis in female zebrafish. Chemosphere 2019; 214:598-605. [PMID: 30290360 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies showed that microcystin-LR (MCLR) can accumulate and induce toxicity in kidney. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of MCLR-induced nephrotoxicity. To this end, adult zebrafish were exposed to MCLR (0, 1, 5 and 25 μg/L) for 60 days. Exposure to MCLR caused histopathological lesions, which were characterized by renal tubules filled with eosinophilic casts, abnormal renal tubules, intertubular space decrease, and blood infiltration in renal cells. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that exposure to MCLR significantly interfered with renal gene expressions, and these genes were enriched in various pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, which were related to apoptosis. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay showed that MCLR exposure induced renal cell apoptosis. In addition, negative changes of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level as well as apoptotic-related gene, protein expressions and enzyme activities suggested that MCLR could induce production of ROS, subsequently triggering apoptosis via p53-bcl-2 and caspase-dependent pathway in the kidney of zebrafish. Therefore, it can be concluded that apoptosis is a primary case of MCLR-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - JianZhong Shen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
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50
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Mochida K, Ito K, Ito M, Hano T, Ohkubo N. Toxicity of the biocide polycarbamate, used for aquaculture nets, to some marine fish species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 214:61-67. [PMID: 30201584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated toxic effects of the antifouling biocide polycarbamate (PC) on marine fish by conducting acute, early-life stage toxicity (ELS), and embryo toxicity tests. Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) 96-h LC50 values for hatched larvae (body weight about 2.0 mg) and juveniles (660 ± 36 mg) were about 12 and 630 μg/L, respectively. The ELS test using mummichog embryos yielded a lowest-observed-effect concentration of 3.9 μg/L and a no-observed-effect concentration of 2.1 μg/L with growth as the most sensitive endpoint. The embryo toxicity test for spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) revealed a 10-d EC50 of 8.1 μg/L with abnormality as an endpoint. During the ELS and embryo toxicity tests, morphological abnormalities (notochord undulation) were induced in the embryos. Biochemical and gene-expression analysis suggest that PC-induced morphological abnormalities involve disruption of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen fiber organization, essential for notochord formation, and inhibition of gene expression related to notochord formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Mochida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Mana Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hano
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohkubo
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
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