1
|
Boutin R, Lee HF, Guan TL, Nguyen TT, Huang XF, Waller DD, Lu J, Christine Chio II, Michel RP, Sebag M, Tsantrizos YS. Discovery and Evaluation of C6-Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine-Based Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, and Colorectal Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15776-15800. [PMID: 37982711 PMCID: PMC10832233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel C6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine- and C2-substituted purine-based bisphosphonate (C6-PyraP-BP and C2-Pur-BP, respectively) inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS) were designed and evaluated for their ability to block the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs were identified that induce selective intracellular target engagement leading to apoptosis and downregulate the prenylation of Rap-1A in MM, PDAC, and CRC cells. The C6-PyraP-BP inhibitor RB-07-16 was found to exhibit antitumor efficacy in xenograft mouse models of MM and PDAC, significantly reducing tumor growth without substantially increasing liver enzymes or causing significant histopathologic damage, usually associated with hepatotoxicity. RB-07-16 is a metabolically stable compound in cross-species liver microsomes, does not inhibit key CYP 450 enzymes, and exhibits good systemic circulation in rat. Collectively, the current studies provide encouraging support for further optimization of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based GGPPS inhibitors as potential human therapeutics for various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hiu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tian Lai Guan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Tan Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Xian Fang Huang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Daniel D Waller
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jordan Lu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Iok In Christine Chio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - René P Michel
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael Sebag
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nehme R, Chervet A, Decombat C, Longechamp L, Rossary A, Boutin R, Rousset A, Senejoux F, Vachias C, Auxenfans C, Fraisse D, Guyon JB, Filaire E, Berthon JY, Diab-Assaf M, Delort L, Caldefie-Chezet F. Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) Targets Adipocytes and Obesity-Associated Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071751. [PMID: 37049592 PMCID: PMC10097017 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess weight and obesity are the fifth leading cause of death globally, and sustained efforts from health professionals and researchers are required to mitigate this pandemic-scale problem. Polyphenols and flavonoids found in Aspalathus linearis-a plant widely consumed as Rooibos tea-are increasingly being investigated for their positive effects on various health issues including inflammation. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of Rooibos extract on obesity and the associated low-grade chronic inflammatory state by testing antioxidant activity, cytokine secretions, macrophage polarization and the differentiation of human adipocytes through the development of adipospheroids. Rooibos extract significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2 and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. Additionally, Rooibos extract down-regulated LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization, shown by a significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL10. In addition, Rooibos inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced adipogenesis by decreasing the expression of PPARγ, Ap2 and HSL in adipospheroids. A significant decrease in leptin expression was noted and this, more interestingly, was accompanied by a significant increase in adiponectin expression. Using a co-culture system between macrophages and adipocytes, Rooibos extract significantly decreased the expression of all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines and particularly leptin, and increased adiponectin expression. Thus, adding Rooibos tea to the daily diet is likely to prevent the development of obesity associated with chronic low-level inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Nehme
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arthur Chervet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucie Longechamp
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Greentech, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Amandine Rousset
- Greentech, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - François Senejoux
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Vachias
- iGReD (Institute of Genetics, Reproduction and Development), Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6293-INSERM U1103, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Auxenfans
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Fraisse
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Edith Filaire
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beirut 1500, Lebanon
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee HF, Lacbay CM, Boutin R, Matralis AN, Park J, Waller DD, Guan TL, Sebag M, Tsantrizos YS. Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Diverse C-2-Substituted Thienopyrimidine-Based Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2471-2496. [PMID: 35077178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel analogues of C-2-substituted thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonates (C2-ThP-BPs) are described that are potent inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS). Members of this class of compounds induce target-selective apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and exhibit antimyeloma activity in vivo. A key structural element of these inhibitors is a linker moiety that connects their (((2-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methylene)bisphosphonic acid core to various side chains. The structural diversity of this linker moiety, as well as the side chains attached to it, was investigated and found to significantly impact the toxicity of these compounds in MM cells. The most potent inhibitor identified was evaluated in mouse and rat for liver toxicity and systemic exposure, respectively, providing further optimism for the potential value of such compounds as human therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Fung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Daniel D Waller
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tian Lai Guan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michael Sebag
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Y, Park J, Li SG, Boutin R, Viereck P, Schilling MA, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Chirality-Driven Mode of Binding of α-Aminophosphonic Acid-Based Allosteric Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (hFPPS). J Med Chem 2019; 62:9691-9702. [PMID: 31577901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), characterized by a chiral α-aminophosphonic acid moiety, were synthesized as enantiomerically enriched pairs, and their binding mode was investigated by X-ray crystallography. A general consensus in the binding orientation of all (R)- and (S)-enantiomers was revealed. This finding is a prerequisite for establishing a reliable structure-activity relationship (SAR) model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Peter Viereck
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Matthew A Schilling
- Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada.,Department of Biochemistry , McGill University , 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler , Montreal , Quebeck H3G 0B1 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boutin R, Koh S, Tam W. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Oxabenzonorbornadiene. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:460-484. [PMID: 31984926 PMCID: PMC7432191 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666181122094643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxabenzonorbornadiene (OBD) is a useful synthetic intermediate capable of undergoing multiple types of transformations due to three key structural features: a free alkene, a bridged oxygen atom, and a highly strained ring system. Most notably, ring-opening reactions of OBD using transition metal catalysts and nucleophiles produce multiple stereocenters in a single step. The resulting dihydronaphthalene framework is found in many natural products, which have been shown to be biologically active. OBJECTIVE This review will provide an overview of transition metal-catalyzed reactions from the past couple of years including cobalt, copper, iridium, nickel, palladium and rhodium- catalyzed reactions. In addition, the recent derivatization of OBD to cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene and its reactivity will be discussed. CONCLUSION It can be seen from the review, that the work done on this topic has employed the use of many different transition metal catalysts, with many different nucleophiles, to perform various transformations on the OBD molecule. Additionally, depending on the catalyst and ligand used, the stereo and regioselectivity of the product can be controlled, with proposed mechanisms to support the understanding of such reactions. The use of palladium has also generated a cyclopropanated OBD, with reactivity similar to that of OBD. An additional reactive site exists at the distal cyclopropane carbon, giving rise to three types of ring-opened products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, OntarioN1E 2W1, Canada
| | - Samuel Koh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, OntarioN1E 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, OntarioN1E 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boutin R, Munnier E, Renaudeau N, Girardot M, Pinault M, Chevalier S, Chourpa I, Clément-Larosière B, Imbert C, Boudesocque-Delaye L. Spirulina platensis sustainable lipid extracts in alginate-based nanocarriers: An algal approach against biofilms. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
7
|
Culham DE, Marom D, Boutin R, Garner J, Ozturk TN, Sahtout N, Tempelhagen L, Lamoureux G, Wood JM. Dual Role of the C-Terminal Domain in Osmosensing by Bacterial Osmolyte Transporter ProP. Biophys J 2018; 115:2152-2166. [PMID: 30448037 PMCID: PMC6289098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ProP is a member of the major facilitator superfamily, a proton-osmolyte symporter, and an osmosensing transporter. ProP proteins share extended cytoplasmic carboxyl terminal domains (CTDs) implicated in osmosensing. The CTDs of the best characterized, group A ProP orthologs, terminate in sequences that form intermolecular, antiparallel α-helical coiled coils (e.g., ProPEc, from Escherichia coli). Group B orthologs lack that feature (e.g., ProPXc, from Xanthomonas campestris). ProPXc was expressed and characterized in E. coli to further elucidate the role of the coiled coil in osmosensing. The activity of ProPXc was a sigmoid function of the osmolality in cells and proteoliposomes. ProPEc and ProPXc attained similar activities at the same expression level in E. coli. ProPEc transports proline and glycine betaine with comparable high affinities at low osmolality. In contrast, proline weakly inhibited high-affinity glycine-betaine uptake via ProPXc. The KM for proline uptake via ProPEc increases dramatically with the osmolality. The KM for glycine-betaine uptake via ProPXc did not. Thus, ProPXc is an osmosensing transporter, and the C-terminal coiled coil is not essential for osmosensing. The role of CTD-membrane interaction in osmosensing was examined further. As for ProPEc, the ProPXc CTD co-sedimented with liposomes comprising E. coli phospholipid. Molecular dynamics simulations illustrated association of the monomeric ProPEc CTD with the membrane surface. Comparison with the available NMR structure for the homodimeric coiled coil formed by the ProPEc-CTD suggested that membrane association and homodimeric coiled-coil formation by that peptide are mutually exclusive. The membrane fluidity in liposomes comprising E. coli phospholipid decreased with increasing osmolality in the range relevant for ProP activation. These data support the proposal that ProP activates as cellular dehydration increases cytoplasmic cation concentration, releasing the CTD from the membrane surface. For group A orthologs, this also favors α-helical coiled-coil formation that stabilizes the transporter in an active form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen E Culham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Marom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Garner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tugba Nur Ozturk
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naheda Sahtout
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Tempelhagen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Janet M Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Tait K, Alrifai O, Boutin R, Haner J, Tam W. Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene with alcohols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2189-2196. [PMID: 27829926 PMCID: PMC5082584 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene derivatives using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. The optimal conditions were found to be 10 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in methanol, offering yields up to 92%. The reaction was successful using primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles and was compatible with a variety of substituents on cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene. With unsymmetrical C1-substituted cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes, the regioselectivity of the reaction was excellent, forming only one regioisomer in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Tait
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Oday Alrifai
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jamie Haner
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edmunds M, Raheem MA, Boutin R, Tait K, Tam W. Regioselective palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of C1-substituted oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene-2,3-dicarboxylates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:239-44. [PMID: 26977182 PMCID: PMC4778517 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of C1 substituted 7-oxanorbornadiene derivatives with aryl iodides were investigated. The optimal conditions for this reaction were found to be PdCl2(PPh3)2, ZnCl2, Et3N and Zn in THF. Both steric and electronic factors played a role in the outcome of the reaction as increasing the steric bulk on the bridgehead carbon decreased the yield. These reactions were found to be highly regioselective, giving only one of the two possible regioisomers in all cases. A diverse collection of novel, highly substituted biphenyl derivatives were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edmunds
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammed Abdul Raheem
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Boutin
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Katrina Tait
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fudin J, Smith HS, Toledo-Binette CS, Kenney E, Yu AB, Boutin R. Use of continuous ambulatory infusions of concentrated subcutaneous (s.q.) hydromorphone versus intravenous (i.v.) morphine: cost implications for palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000; 17:347-53. [PMID: 11886060 DOI: 10.1177/104990910001700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care practitioners are increasingly under pressure to curtail spending while trying to deliver excellent patient care. These issues are also affecting palliative care, particularly now that palliative care programs are expanding. A comparison of cost-effectiveness and feasibility of using continuous subcutaneous (s.q.) ambulatory infusion of hydromorphone versus intravenous (i.v.) ambulatory morphine is illustrated in this study. With the high doses of morphine required in chronic cancer pain, the use of subcutaneous morphine is not feasible due to the volume of solution required to be delivered. Hydromorphone can be prepared in concentrated solutions enabling it to be delivered by the subcutaneous route. Morphine stability data are available. However, hydromorphone stability has only been verified for seven days; thus, stability data were needed post-seven days. Concentrations of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml, in 0.9 percent normal saline or dextrose 5 percent water, were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at seven and 28 days. Cost comparisons of supplies and associated costs with subcutaneous versus intravenous solutions were obtained. Hydromorphone was found to be stable for 28 days in both dilutants. Cost analysis of a hydromorphone 28-day supply resulted in substantial savings over the equivalent costs of morphine infusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fudin
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan KK, Muldoon KA, Yeh L, Boutin R, Pedowitz R, Skaf A, Trudell DJ, Resnick D. Superior labral anteroposterior lesions: MR arthrography with arm traction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 173:1117-22. [PMID: 10511190 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.173.4.10511190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of arm traction combined with MR arthrography in the evaluation of superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cadaveric shoulders were studied with a 1.5-T MR imaging unit with the arm externally rotated. Fifteen milliliters of a gadolinium-containing contrast agent were injected into the glenohumeral joint. Twenty-four sets of images of cadaveric joints were evaluated independently by two observers. These sets consisted of MR arthrographic images obtained with traction (applied to the wrist using 1- to 3-kg weights) and without traction in five shoulders in which SLAP lesions had been excluded arthroscopically or by cadaveric sectioning; and MR arthrographic images obtained with and without traction in seven shoulders in which various types of SLAP lesions had been created arthroscopically and later confirmed by cadaveric sectioning. RESULTS Analysis of the data indicated that MR arthrography in combination with arm traction and external rotation improved diagnostic accuracy with regard to identification and categorization of SLAP lesions when compared with studies made without traction. CONCLUSION The combination of MR arthrography and arm traction with the shoulder in external rotation provides a more effective approach for detection of SLAP lesions than does similar MR arthrography performed without arm traction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Chan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, 92103-1990, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertrand A, Robitaille G, Castonguay Y, Nadeau P, Boutin R. Changes in ABA and gene expression in cold-acclimated sugar maple. Tree Physiol 1997; 17:31-37. [PMID: 14759911 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/17.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine if cold acclimation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) is associated with specific changes in gene expression under natural hardening conditions, we compared bud and root translatable mRNAs of potted maple seedlings after cold acclimation under natural conditions and following spring dehardening. Cold-hardened roots and buds were sampled in January when tissues reached their maximum hardiness. Freezing tolerance, expressed as the lethal temperature for 50% of the tissues (LT(50)), was estimated at -17 degrees C for roots, and at lower than -36 degrees C for buds. Approximately ten transcripts were specifically synthesized in cold-acclimated buds, or were more abundant in cold-acclimated buds than in unhardened buds. Cold hardening was also associated with changes in translation. At least five translation products were more abundant in cold-acclimated buds and roots compared with unhardened tissues. Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased approximately tenfold in the xylem sap following winter acclimation, and the maximum concentration was reached just before maximal acclimation. We discuss the potential involvement of ABA in the observed modification of gene expression during cold hardening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bertrand
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Québec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bertrand A, Robitaille G, Nadeau P, Boutin R. Effects of soil freezing and drought stress on abscisic acid content of sugar maple sap and leaves. Tree Physiol 1994; 14:413-425. [PMID: 14967696 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/14.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 1991 and 1992, mature maple trees (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were freeze-stressed or drought-stressed by preventing precipitation (snow or rain) from reaching the forest floor under selected trees. Lack of snow cover caused a decrease in soil temperature to well below 0 degrees C from December to April and a lowering of the soil water content to 10%. The abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in the spring sap of deep-soil frost-stressed trees was significantly higher than in control or drought-stressed trees. The increase in ABA concentration in the xylem sap in the spring of 1991 and 1992 preceded symptoms of canopy decline and a decrease in leaf area that were observed during the summers of 1991 and 1992. These results suggest a role for ABA in root-to-shoot communication in response to environmental stress. The largest differences in ABA concentration induced by the treatments was found in sap collected at the end of sap flow. The increase in ABA concentration in spring sap at the end of the sap flow could be used as an early indicator of stress suffered by trees during the winter. Not only did the increase in ABA concentration occur before any visible symptoms of tree decline appeared, but the trees that showed the most evident decline had the highest ABA concentrations in the spring sap. Leaf ABA concentration was not a good indicator of induced stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bertrand
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Quebec Region, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boutin R. Psychoactive drugs: effective use of low doses. Psychosomatics 1979; 20:403-5, 409. [PMID: 515322 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3182(79)70798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Boutin R. The hidden depletion of mental health resources. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1972; 17:Suppl 2:SS141. [PMID: 5042893 DOI: 10.1177/07067437720176s223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
17
|
Boutin R, Guay C, Salvail M. [From psychoanalysis to community psychiatry: the vicissitudes of a therapeutic team]. Laval Med 1971; 42:965-9. [PMID: 5143881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
18
|
Boutin R. Research "by immersion"? Dis Nerv Syst 1970; 31:Suppl:105-8. [PMID: 5489375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|