Computer-Aided Discovery of Anti-Inflammatory Thiazolidinones with Dual Cyclooxygenase/Lipoxygenase Inhibition

Docking assisted design of novel 4-adamantanyl-2-thiazolylimino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones as potent NSAIDs

Docking analysis was used to predict the effectiveness of adamantanyl insertion in improving cycloxygenase/lipoxygenase (COX/LOX) inhibitory action of previously tested 2-thiazolylimino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones. The crystal structure data of human 5-LOX (3O8Y), ovine COX-1 (1EQH) and mouse COX-2 (3ln1) were used for docking analysis. All docking calculations were carried out using AutoDock 4.2 software. Following prediction results, 11 adamantanyl derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for biological action. Prediction evaluations correlated well with experimental biological results. Comparison of the novel adamantanyl derivatives with the 2-thiazolylimino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones previously tested showed that insertion of the adamantanyl group led to the production of more potent COX-1 inhibitors, as well as LOX inhibitors (increased activity from 200% to 560%). Five compounds out of the 11 exhibited better activity than naproxen; while nine out of 11 showed better activity than NDGA and seven compounds possessed better anti-inflammatory activity than indomethacin.

Identification of novel N1-(2-aryl-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one)-N3-aryl ureas showing potent multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitory activities

A total of 29 novel compounds bearing N¹-(2-aryl-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one)-N³-aryl ureas were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and binding modes of this series of compounds were clarified together. Compound 29b was identified possessing high potency against multi-tyrosine kinases including Ron, c-Met, c-Kit, KDR, Src and IGF-1R, etc. In vitro antiproliferation and cytotoxicity of compound 29b against A549 cancer cell line were confirmed by IncuCyte live-cell imaging.

Computer-aided prediction of biological activity spectra for chemical compounds: opportunities and limitation

An essential characteristic of chemical compounds is their biological activity since its presence can become the basis for the use of the substance for therapeutic purposes, or, on the contrary, limit the possibilities of its practical application due to the manifestation of side action and toxic effects. Computer assessment of the biological activity spectra makes it possible to determine the most promising directions for the study of the pharmacological action of particular substances, and to filter out potentially dangerous molecules at the early stages of research. For more than 25 years, we have been developing and improving the computer program PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances), designed to predict the biological activity spectrum of substance based on the structural formula of its molecules. The prediction is carried out by the analysis of structure-activity relationships for the training set, which currently contains information on structures and known biological activities for more than one million molecules. The structure of the organic compound is represented in PASS using Multilevel Neighborhoods of Atoms descriptors; the activity prediction for new compounds is performed by the naive Bayes classifier and the structure-activity relationships determined by the analysis of the training set. We have created and improved both local versions of the PASS program and freely available web resources based on PASS (http://www.way2drug.com). They predict several thousand biological activities (pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms of action, specific toxicity and adverse effects, interaction with the unwanted targets, metabolism and action on molecular transport), cytotoxicity for tumor and non-tumor cell lines, carcinogenicity, induced changes of gene expression profiles, metabolic sites of the major enzymes of the first and second phases of xenobiotics biotransformation, and belonging to substrates and/or metabolites of metabolic enzymes. The web resource Way2Drug is used by over 18,000 researchers from more than 90 countries around the world, which allowed them to obtain over 600,000 predictions and publish about 500 papers describing the obtained results. The analysis of the published works shows that in some cases the interpretation of the prediction results presented by the authors of these publications requires an adjustment. In this work, we provide the theoretical basis and consider, on particular examples, the opportunities and limitations of computer-aided prediction of biological activity spectra.

5-Ene-4-thiazolidinones - An efficient tool in medicinal chemistry

The presented review is an attempt to summarize a huge volume of data on 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones being a widely studied class of small molecules used in modern organic and medicinal chemistry. The manuscript covers approaches to the synthesis of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives: modification of the C5 position of the basic core; synthesis of the target compounds in the one-pot or multistage reactions or transformation of other related heterocycles. The most prominent pharmacological profiles of 5-ene derivatives of different 4-thiazolidinone subtypes belonging to hit-, lead-compounds, drug-candidates and drugs as well as the most studied targets have been discussed. Currently target compounds (especially 5-en-rhodanines) are assigned as frequent hitters or pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) within high-throughput screening campaigns. Nevertheless, the crucial impact of the presence/nature of C5 substituent (namely 5-ene) on the pharmacological effects of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones was confirmed by the numerous listed findings from the original articles. The main directions for active 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones optimization have been shown: i) complication of the fragment in the C5 position; ii) introduction of the substituents in the N3 position (especially fragments with carboxylic group or its derivatives); iii) annealing in complex heterocyclic systems; iv) combination with other pharmacologically attractive fragments within hybrid pharmacophore approach. Moreover, the utilization of 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones in the synthesis of complex compounds with potent pharmacological application is described. The chemical transformations cover mainly the reactions which involve the exocyclic double bond in C5 position of the main core and correspond to the abovementioned direction of the 5-ene-4-thiazolidinone modification.

Solid-State Versatility of the Molecular Salts/Cocrystals of 2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzoic Acid: A Case Study on Halogen Bonds

2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2c4n) is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of HIV infection and to boost the immune response in immune deficiency diseases. In the present study, a series of eight molecular salts of 2c4n with pyridyl and benzoic acid derivatives have been synthesized by a crystal engineering approach and were characterized structurally by various spectroscopic, thermal, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystal structures of all synthesized molecular salts were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In all synthesized molecular salts, the charge-assisted acid···pyridine/amine heterosynthon was found to be the primary supramolecular synthon. The synthesized salts, namely, 2c4n.g and 2c4n.h salts were found to be isostructural. Further, in the current work, the occurrence of weak halogen bonds in the presence of strong hydrogen bonds in the synthesized and in the reported molecular salts/cocrystals of 2c4n has been investigated. A detailed inspection of the crystal structures of salts/cocrystals of 2c4n was carried out to demonstrate the importance of halogen bonds in these crystal structures. It was found that 4 out of 8 synthesized molecular salts and 12 out of 24 reported molecular adducts of 2c4n were found to exhibit halogen bonds in their crystal structures. A similar kind of conformational change was observed for molecular salts exhibiting halogen bonds in their crystal structures; however, the conformations were found to be slightly different in other molecular salts. It was observed that two-point primary supramolecular synthon and stronger intramolecular Cl···O halogen bonds in the molecular adducts of 2c4n are found to be more susceptible to exhibit halogen bonds in their crystal structures. Halogen bond interactions played a vital role in the crystal stabilization of these molecular adducts.

Discovery of a COX-2 selective inhibitor hit with anti-inflammatory activity and gastric ulcer protective effect

AIM

A novel series of 2-arylimino-5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones 12a-n were synthesized and all the target compounds were fully characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Materials & methods: All the target compounds were evaluated for their COX inhibition by enzyme immunoassay kit and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

RESULTS

Tested compounds were found more potent inhibitors of COX-2 (IC₅₀ = 0.54-3.14 µM) than COX-1 (IC₅₀ = 4.97-11.52 µM). The ulcerogenic liability of compounds 12(d, e, f, h, k, m) was performed and showed gastric safety more than or comparable to celecoxib.

CONCLUSION

In addition, docking study of the most potent and selective compound 12h into COX-2 active site revealed that this target compound assumed interactions and binding pattern similar to that of as a cocrystallized ligand bromocelecoxib (S-58).

Pharmaceutical prospects of naturally occurring quinazolinone and its derivatives

Quinazolinones belong to a family of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds that have attracted increasing interest because of their broad spectrum of biological functions. This review describes three types of natural quinazolinones and their synthesized derivatives and summarizes their various pharmacological activities, including antifungal, anti-tumor, anti-malaria, anticonvulsant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic activities. In addition, structure-activity relationships of quinazolinone derivatives are also reviewed.

Bioengineered Colorectal Cancer Drugs: Orally Delivered Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Intestinal inflammation is one of the major factors that increase colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide. Inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is directly linked to tumor development at the early stages of the disease, thus a key issue toward the prevention and the treatment of colonic neoplasia. Thus, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs has emerged first as a strategy to reduce chronic inflammation in case of many inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but it has proven its efficacy by reducing the risk of colonic neoplasia. This comprehensive review highlights the role of chronic inflammation, mainly in IBD, in the development of CRC including molecular and immune mechanisms that have tumorigenic effects. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that several bioactive and phytochemical compounds used as anti-inflammatory drugs have also antitumoral attributes. The uses of orally delivered cytokines and small molecules, as well as key dietary supplementation as anti-inflammatory therapeutics are discussed. In addition, comprehensive knowledge about CRC and intestinal inflammation, and the importance of the intestinal mucosal wall as a mucosal immunological barrier that comes into play during interactions with gut microbiota (pathogens and commensal), luminal secretions (bile acids, and bacterial and epithelial metabolites), and ingested chemicals (food components, high fat content, heterocyclic amines, and low intake of dietary fiber) are underscored. The multifunctionality of several anti-inflammatory drugs opens a line for their application in the treatment and prevention not only in IBD but also in CRC. Current bioengineering approaches for oral delivery of anti-inflammatory agents including cytokines, genetically modified bacteria, or small molecule inhibitors of inflammation directly contribute to the early management of CRC. Limitations of the current therapeutics, which stem from the lack of complete understanding of the complex molecular interactions between the intestinal microbiota, colonic epithelial barrier, and host immune system, are also discussed.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety

The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against inflammation, pain, and fever has been supporting their worldwide use in the treatment of painful conditions and chronic inflammatory diseases until today. However, the long-term therapy with NSAIDs was soon associated with high incidences of adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the search for novel drugs with improved safety has begun with COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) being straightaway developed and commercialized. Nevertheless, the excitement has fast turned to disappointment when diverse coxibs were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity. Such events have once again triggered the emergence of different strategies to overcome NSAIDs toxicity. Here, an integrative review is provided to address the breakthroughs of two main approaches: (i) the association of NSAIDs with protective mediators and (ii) the design of novel compounds to target downstream and/or multiple enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. To date, just one phosphatidylcholine-associated NSAID has already been approved for commercialization. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far indicate that both strategies may improve the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy.

Design, synthesis of 2,3-disubstitued 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents: COX-1/2 inhibitory activities and molecular docking studies

A new series, 2-substituted mercapto-3-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone 1-21, was synthesized and evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and in vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, with ED50 values of 50.3-112.1mg/kg and 12.3-111.3mg/kg, respectively. These values may be compared with those of diclofenac sodium (ED50=112.2 and 100.4mg/kg) and celecoxib (ED50=84.3 and 71.6mg/kg). Compounds 4 and 6 possessed strong COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 (0.33μM and 0.40μM, respectively) and selectivity index (SI>303.0 and >250.0, respectively) values that are similar to those of the reference drug celecoxib (IC50 0.30μM and COX-2 SI>333). Compounds 5, 8, and 13 demonstrated effective COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.70-0.80μM and COX-2 SI>125-142. Potent COX-2 inhibitors, such as compounds 4, 6, and 13, were docked into the active site pockets of COX-1 and COX-2, with the greatest recognition occurring at the COX-2 binding site and insignificant interactions at the binding site of the COX-1 pocket.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-benzylidene-2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones as selective GSK-3β inhibitors

In this work, iminothiazolidin-4-one derivatives were explored as selective GSK-3β inhibitors. Molecular docking analysis was carried to design a series of compounds, which were synthesized using substituted thiourea, 2-bromoacetophenones and benzaldehydes. Out of the twenty five compounds synthesized during this work, the in vitro evaluation against GSK-3 led to the identification of nine compounds with activity in lower nano-molar range (2-85 nM). Further, in vitro evaluation against CDK-2 showed five compounds to be selective towards GSK-3.

2-Aryl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)thiazolidin-4-ones: Synthesis, anti-inflammatory in vivo, cytotoxicity in vitro and molecular docking studies

Seven new 4-thiazolidinones bearing the morpholino moiety were easily synthesized by one-pot reactions of 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine (2-morpholinoethylamine), arenealdehydes and mercaptoacetic acid refluxing toluene for 19 h with moderate to good yields (45-97%). These novel compounds were fully identified and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Thiazolidin-4-ones in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were determined using a croton oil-induced ear edema model of inflammation in BALB C mice. The best results were found for compounds 4c (49.20 mmol/kg), 4d (49.20 mmol/kg) and 4f (52.48 mmol/kg), which showed the ability to decrease the ear edema in mice by 50%, 48% and 54%, respectively, when compared to the standard drug indomethacin. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity activity of thiazolidin-4-ones against Vero cells was also performed and four compounds (4a, 4c, 4d and 4f) showed no toxic effect at 500 μg/mL. A docking simulation of compounds into the 1Q4G (COX-1) and 4PH9 (COX-2) enzymes binding site was conducted. This preliminary result will guide us in for further studies to improve the anti-inflammatory activity.

Molecular modeling and synthesis of some new 2-imino-4-thiazolidinone derivatives with promising TNF-α inhibitory activity

Out of 32 novel 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones, compounds 3f & 3g showed potent anti-inflammatory activity without causing any damage to the stomach.

Prediction of enzyme inhibition and mode of inhibitory action based on calculation of distances between hydrogen bond donor/acceptor groups of the molecule and docking analysis: An application on the discovery of novel effective PTP1B inhibitors

PTP1B is a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in insulin receptor desensitization. PTP1B inhibition prolongs the activated state of the receptor, practically enhancing the effect of insulin. Thus PTP1B has become a drug target for the treatment of type II diabetes. PTP1b is an enzyme with multiple binding sites for competitive and allosteric inhibitors. Prediction of inhibitory action using docking analysis has limited success in case of enzymes with multiple binding sites, since the selection of the right crystal structure depends on the kind of inhibitor. In the present study, a two-step strategy for the prediction of PTP1b inhibitory action was applied to 12 compounds. Based on the study of known inhibitors, we isolated the structural characteristics required for binding to each binding site. As a first step, 3D-structures of the molecules were produced and their structural parameters were measured and used for prediction of the binding site of the compound. These results were used for the selection of the appropriate crystal structure for docking analysis of each compound, and the final prediction was based on the estimated binding energies. This strategy effectively predicted the activity of all compounds. A linear correlation was found between estimated binding energy and inhibition measured in vitro (r = -0.894).

Computer-aided discovery of biological activity spectra for anti-aging and anti-cancer olive oil oleuropeins

Aging is associated with common conditions, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The type of multi-targeted pharmacological approach necessary to address a complex multifaceteddisease such as aging might take advantage of pleiotropic natural polyphenols affecting a wide variety of biological processes. We have recently postulated that the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycone (OA) and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (DOA), two complex polyphenols present in health-promoting extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), might constitute anew family of plant-produced gerosuppressant agents. This paper describes an analysis of the biological activity spectra (BAS) of OA and DOA using PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. PASS can predict thousands of biological activities, as the BAS of a compound is an intrinsic property that is largely dependent on the compound's structure and reflects pharmacological effects, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action, and specific toxicities. Using Pharmaexpert, a tool that analyzes the PASS-predicted BAS of substances based on thousands of “mechanism-effect” and “effect-mechanism” relationships, we illuminate hypothesis-generating pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and targets that might underlie the anti-aging/anti-cancer activities of the gerosuppressant EVOO oleuropeins.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent benzoxazolone and benzothiazolone ligands as potential anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents

Benzoxazolone and benzothiazolone were used as template blocks to develop two series of dimers as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents based on the concept of bivalent ligands. The first series (I) involved varying the carbon chain lengths extending from the piperazine core to the nitrogen atom of the dibenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one or dibenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one. The second series (II) was designed by changing the attachment point. All compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in terms of the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Seventeen compounds inhibited both targets. Eleven of them exhibited IC50 values below 3μM while five compounds showed IC50 values of 1μM or below. Most of the compounds were found to be devoid of cytotoxicity against mammalian kidney and solid tumors cell lines up to 25μg/mL. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive studies revealed that compounds 3j, 5t and 8b have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity comparable to that of indomethacin and ketorolac, respectively.

In silico identification of targets for a novel scaffold, 2-thiazolylimino-5-benzylidin-thiazolidin-4-one

Thiazolidinone derivatives have been found to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. 2-Thiazolylimino-5-benzylidene-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives show antibacterial activity in in vitro tests which are comparable to marketed drugs. However, the target for this scaffold remains yet to be identified. In our work, we identified seven putative targets for this scaffold using web servers such as DRAR-CPI, PharmMapper, and TarFisDock and databases such as BindingDB and ChEMBL. Each of these servers used different algorithms and scoring functions for protein target identification. Further, these targets are substantiated by molecular docking analysis. Based on the docking studies, scaffold 2-thiazolylimino-5-benzylidene-thiazolidin-4-one is observed to exhibit affinity against diverse targets, particularly, towards COX-2, acetylcholinesterase, aldose reductase, and thyroid hormone receptor alpha. This study describes an initial probability that these proteins may be targeted by this scaffold.

Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of new methyl-imidazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles

Background

Long-term clinical employment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with significant side effects including gastrointestinal (GI) lesions and kidney toxicity. In this paper we designed and synthesized new imidazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles by molecular hybridization of previously described anti-inflammatory compounds in the hope of obtaining new safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Methods

The target structures were synthesized by preparation of 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5. The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with this ester afforded the 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide 6 which was converted to target compounds 7-15 according to the known procedures. In silico toxicity risk assessment and drug likeness predictions were done, in order to consider the privileges of the synthesized structures as drug candidates.

Results and discussion

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw edema tests respectively. Compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 and 15 were active analgesic agents and compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 showed significant anti-inflammatory response in comparison with control. Compounds 11 and 13 were screened for their ulcerogenic activities and none of them showed significant ulcerogenic activity. The active Compounds 11 and 12 showed the highest drug likeness and drug score.

Conclusions

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of title compounds were comparable to that of standard drug indomethacin with a safer profile of activity. The results revealed that both of oxadiazole and triazole scaffolds can be determined as pharmacophores. The in silico predictions and pharmacological evaluations showed that compounds 11 and 12 can be chosen as lead for further investigations.

Chemo- and bioinformatics resources for in silico drug discovery from medicinal plants beyond their traditional use: a critical review

An overview of databases andin silicotools for discovery of the hidden therapeutic potential of medicinal plants.

Synthesis, in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activity of thiadiazole substituted thiazolidin-4-ones

A series of novel 5-alkyl/aryl thiadiazole substituted thiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized by a two-step process. In the first step, 5-alkyl/aryl substituted 2-aminothiadiazoles were synthesized, which on reaction with substituted aromatic aldehydes and thioglycolic acid in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide afforded thiazolidin- 4-ones. All the compounds were synthesized in fairly good yields and their structures were confirmed by spectral and physical data. The title compounds were screened for in vitro anti-proliferative activity on human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) by MTT assay. Most of the derivatives showed an IC₅₀ less than 150 μmol L⁻¹. Among the compounds tested, 2-(2-nitrophenyl)- 3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one (3f), 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- -yl)-thiazolidin-4-one (3b), and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3- -(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one (3c) were found to be the most active derivatives with IC50 values of 46.34, 66.84, and 60.71 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. Antioxidant studies of all the synthesized compounds were carried out by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Among the compounds tested, 2-phenyl-3-(5-styryl- -1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one (3s) elicited superior antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 161.93 μmol L⁻¹.

Novel quinolone substituted thiazolidin-4-ones as anti-inflammatory, anticancer agents: design, synthesis and biological screening

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has been reported to regulate various genes involved in cancer and inflammation. Accordingly, drugs suppressing or inhibiting NF-κB may possess both anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. A library of quinolone substituted thiazolidin-4-ones was docked into the active site of NF-κB and the top-ranked 31 compounds were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. The best-ranked compound 6b showed highest anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema model. In vitro anticancer studies revealed 1a and 16a as most active compounds against BT-549, HeLa, COLO-205 and ACHN human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1a and 16a exhibited NF-κB dependent anticancer properties and apoptosis mediated cell death. In vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma study further confirmed the antitumor activity of 1a and 16a.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 5-arylidene-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as dual anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial agents

As a part of our ongoing studies in developing new derivatives as dual antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory agents we describe the synthesis of novel 5-arylidene-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones. All newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan mouse paw edema bioassay. Their COX-1/LOX inhibitory activities were also determined. Moreover, all compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities against a panel of Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and moulds. All tested compounds exhibited better antimicrobial activity than commercial drugs, bifonazole, ketoconazole, ampicillin and streptomycin.