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Satyanarayana G, Maier ME. Formation of Spirocyclic Compounds from Heck Cyclizations Invoking Cyclic Enamides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5410-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gedu Satyanarayana
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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52
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Satyanarayana G, Maier ME. Biaryl Formation from 5-(2-Bromobenzyl)-Substituted Piperidin-2-ones via Palladacycles. Org Lett 2008; 10:2361-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800330d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gedu Satyanarayana
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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53
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dos Anjos JV, Sinou D, de Melo SJ, Srivastava RM. Synthesis of glycosyl-triazole linked 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2440-9. [PMID: 17689508 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four different types of oxadiazoles containing a terminal acetylenic group is described. Reaction of these oxadiazoles with various azidoglycosides via a copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition ('click chemistry') afforded the corresponding glycosyl-triazole linked 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína V dos Anjos
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Asymétrique, UMR 5246-ICBMS, CPE Lyon, Université de Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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54
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Bora RO, Farooqui M. Synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from substituted acid chlorides and amidoximes under mild conditions. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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55
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Benltifa M, Vidal S, Fenet B, Msaddek M, Goekjian PG, Praly JP, Brunyánszki A, Docsa T, Gergely P. In Search of Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors: 5-Substituted 3-C-Glucopyranosyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles from β-D-Glucopyranosyl Cyanides upon Cyclization ofO-Acylamidoxime Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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56
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Tan TMC, Chen Y, Kong KH, Bai J, Li Y, Lim SG, Ang TH, Lam Y. Synthesis and the biological evaluation of 2-benzenesulfonylalkyl-5-substituted-sulfanyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazoles as potential anti-hepatitis B virus agents. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:7-14. [PMID: 16564099 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection include the use of interferon-alpha and of nucleoside analogs lamivudine, adefovir and entecavir. However, the use of interferon-alpha has many side effects while that of nucleosidic inhibitors can lead to the emergence of resistant viruses. Hence, new drugs for the treatment of HBV infection are still highly desired. Oxadiazoles have been observed to exhibit antiviral activities against RNA viruses. In this study, a facile synthesis of 2-benzenesulfonylalkyl-5-substituted-sulfanyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazoles is reported. The compounds were then evaluated for their anti-HBV activity. 1-[2-[5-(1-Benzenesulfonyl-propyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl-sulfanyl]-ethyl]-4-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazine (1i) was able to inhibit the expression of the viral antigens, HBsAg and HBeAg in a concentration-dependent manner with no cytotoxic effects and without any effects on the expression of viral transcripts. Concentration- and time-dependent reductions in virion production were also observed. The inhibition of virion production was comparable to that of lamivudine and EC(50) values of 1.63 and 2.96 microM were obtained for compound 1i and lamivudine, respectively. Thus, in addition to the antiviral effects on RNA viruses, oxadiazoles also have anti-HBV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa May Chin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore.
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57
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Microwave-assisted efficient, one-pot, three-component synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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58
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59
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Trifonov R, Volovodenko A, Vergizov S, Shirinbekov N, Gindin V, Koren A, Ostrovskii V. Basicity of Phenyl- and Methyl-Substituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Nam NH, Lee S, Ye G, Sun G, Parang K. ATP-phosphopeptide conjugates as inhibitors of Src tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:5753-66. [PMID: 15498652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of Src SH2 domain inhibitors enhance the kinase catalytic activity by switching the closed inactive to the open active conformation. ATP-phosphopeptide conjugates were designed and synthesized as Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors based on a tetrapeptide sequence pTyr-Glu-Glu-Ile (pYEEI) and ATP to block the SH2 domain signaling and substrate phosphorylation by ATP, respectively. In general, ATP-phosphopeptide conjugates with optimal linkers such as compounds 5 and 7 (K(i) = 1.7-2.6 microM) showed higher binding affinities to the ATP-binding site relative to the other ATP-phosphopeptide conjugates having short or long linkers, 1-4 and 6, (K(i) = 10.1-16.1 microM) and ATP (K(m) = 74 microM). These ATP-phosphopeptide conjugates may serve as novel templates for designing protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors to block SH2 mediated protein-protein interactions and to counter the activation of enzyme that resulted from the SH2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Hai Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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61
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Santagada V, Frecentese F, Perissutti E, Cirillo D, Terracciano S, Caliendo G. A suitable 1,2,4-oxadiazoles synthesis by microwave irradiation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4491-3. [PMID: 15357978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One pot microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in solvent and under solvent free condition was performed exploring the importance of some coupling reagents. Good yields and short reaction times were the main aspects of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Santagada
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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62
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Choi IH, Kim C. Flexible docking of an acetoxyethoxymethyl derivative of thiosemicarbazone into three different species of dihydrofolate reductase. Arch Pharm Res 2002; 25:807-16. [PMID: 12510830 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductases (DHFR) of human, Candida albicans and E coli were docked with their original ligands of X-ray crystal complex using QXP (Quick eXPlore), a docking program. Conditions to reproduce the crystal structures within the root mean square deviation (rmsd) of 2.00 A were established. Applying these conditions, binding modes and species-specificities of a novel antibacterial compound, N4-(2-acetoxyethoxymethyl)-2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (AATSC), were studied. As the results, the docking program reproduced the crystal structures with average rmsd of six ligands as 0.91 A ranging from 0.49 to 1.45 A. The interactions including the numbers of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the same as the crystal structures and superposition of the crystal and docked structures almost coincided with each other. For AATSC, the results demonstrated that it could bind to either the substrate or coenzyme sites of DHFR in all three species with different degrees of affinity. It confirms the experimentally determined kinetic behavior of uncompetitive inhibition against either the inhibitor or the coenzyme. The docked AATSC overlapped well with the original ligands and major interactions were consistent with the ones in the crystal complexes. The information generated from this work should be useful for future development of antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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63
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Veselovsky AV, Ivanov YD, Ivanov AS, Archakov AI, Lewi P, Janssen P. Protein-protein interactions: mechanisms and modification by drugs. J Mol Recognit 2002; 15:405-22. [PMID: 12501160 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions form the proteinaceous network, which plays a central role in numerous processes in the cell. This review highlights the main structures, properties of contact surfaces, and forces involved in protein-protein interactions. The properties of protein contact surfaces depend on their functions. The characteristics of contact surfaces of short-lived protein complexes share some similarities with the active sites of enzymes. The contact surfaces of permanent complexes resemble domain contacts or the protein core. It is reasonable to consider protein-protein complex formation as a continuation of protein folding. The contact surfaces of the protein complexes have unique structure and properties, so they represent prospective targets for a new generation of drugs. During the last decade, numerous investigations have been undertaken to find or design small molecules that block protein dimerization or protein(peptide)-receptor interaction, or on the other hand, induce protein dimerization.
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64
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Mandine E, Gofflo D, Jean-Baptiste V, Sarubbi E, Touyer G, Deprez P, Lesuisse D. Src homology-2 domain binding assays by scintillation proximity and surface plasmon resonance. J Mol Recognit 2001; 14:254-60. [PMID: 11500972 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various SH2 competitive binding assays, based on different techniques, have been described in the literature to identify and characterize SH2 ligands. The consideration that most reported methods show experimental limitations associated with assay parameters has prompted us to base our Src-SH2 inhibitor discovery program on the use of two different assays. In this study, two conceptually different biochemical methods designed to discover Src-SH2 inhibitors, respectively scintillation proximity assay (SPA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), have been evaluated and compared. For its high sensitivity and adaptability to automation SPA was chosen for high capacity screening (primary screen), whereas SPR was used for hits confirmation (secondary screening). However with the drastic improvement of inhibitor affinities, the limit of sensitivity was rapidly reached for the SPR assay based on the canonical pYEEI ligand. The substitution of the natural, monophosphorylated peptide ligand with a triphosphorylated peptide has allowed us to remarkably increase its sensitivity, so that molecules with nanomolar affinities could be easily differentiated in terms of IC(50) ranking. Such a new, improved SPR assay can be of great interest for the study of high affinity ligands of different SH2-based drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mandine
- Bone Disease Group, Hoechst Marion Roussel/Aventis, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France.
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65
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Burke TR, Yao ZJ, Gao Y, Wu JX, Zhu X, Luo JH, Guo R, Yang D. N-terminal carboxyl and tetrazole-containing amides as adjuvants to Grb2 SH2 domain ligand binding. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1439-45. [PMID: 11408162 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High affinity binding of peptides to Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, often requires the presence of phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) or pTyr-mimicking moieties in the N-terminal position of the binding ligand. Several reports have shown that N(alpha)-acylation of the critical pTyr residue can result in increased SH2 domain binding potency. For Grb2 SH2 domains which recognize pTyr-Xxx-Asn-NH(2) motifs, significant potency enhancement can be incurred by N(alpha)-(3-amino)Z derivatization of tripeptides such as pTyr-Ile-Asn-NH(2). Using ligands based on the high affinity pY-Ac(6)c-Asn-(naphthylpropylamide) motif, (where Ac(6)c=1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid), additional reports have shown moderate potentiating effects of N(alpha)-oxalyl derivatization. The current study examined variations of the N(alpha)-oxalyl theme in the context of a Xxx-Ac(6)c-Asn-(naphthylpropylamide) platform, where Xxx=the hydrolytically stable pTyr mimetics phosphonomethyl phenylalanine (Pmp) or carboxymethyl phenylalanine (Cmf). The effects of N(alpha)-(3-amino)Z derivatization were also investigated for this platform, to ascertain whether the large binding enhancement reported for tripeptides such as pTyr-Ile-Asn-NH(2) could be observed. In ELISA-based extracellular Grb2 SH2 domain binding assays, it was found for the Pmp-based series, that extending the oxalyl carboxyl out by one methylene unit or replacing carboxyl functionality with a tetrazole isostere, resulted in binding potency greater than the parent N(alpha)-acetyl-containing compound, with enhancement approximating that observed for the N(alpha)-oxalyl derivative. When Cmf was used as the pTyr mimetic, only modest differences in IC(50) values were observed for the series. Examination of the N(alpha)-(3-amino)Z derivatized Pmp-Ac(6)c-Asn-(naphthylpropylamide), showed that binding affinity was reduced relative to the parent N(alpha)-acetyl analogue, in contrast to the reported significant enhancement of affinity observed with other peptide ligands. Treatment of MDA-453 tumor cells, which are mitogenically driven through erbB-2 tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways, with Pmp-containing inhibitors resulted in growth inhibition, with the N(alpha)-oxalyl and N(alpha)-malonyl-containing compounds exhibiting IC(50) values (4.3 and 4.6 microM, respectively) approximately five-fold lower than the parent N(alpha)-acetyl-containing compound. Tetrazole and N(alpha)-(3-amino)Z-containing inhibitors were from two- to four-fold less potent than these latter analogues in the growth inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Burke
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 376, FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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66
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Abstract
The use of tetra-N-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a mild and efficient reagent for the cyclodehydration of O-acyl amidoximes has been extended to the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles on solid support. Argopore MB-CHO resin (Argonaut Technologies) was reductively aminated and subsequently acylated with 4-cyanobenzoyl chloride. Conversion of the nitrile to the amidoxime and acylation with a range of acid chlorides in parallel followed by treatment with TBAF under ambient conditions afforded a library of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Rice
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Exelixis, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94083-0511, USA.
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67
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Ruijtenbeek R, Kruijtzer JAW, van de Wiel W, Fischer MJE, Flück M, Redegeld FAM, Liskamp RMJ, Nijkamp FP. Peptoid-Peptide Hybrids That Bind Syk SH2 Domains Involved in Signal Transduction. Chembiochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010302)2:3%3c171::aid-cbic171%3e3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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68
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Ruijtenbeek R, Kruijtzer JA, van de Wiel W, Fischer MJ, Flück M, Redegeld FA, Liskamp RM, Nijkamp FP. Peptoid - peptide hybrids that bind Syk SH2 domains involved in signal transduction. Chembiochem 2001; 2:171-9. [PMID: 11828442 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010302)2:3<171::aid-cbic171>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Peptoid-peptide hybrids are oligomeric peptidomimetics that contain one or more N-substituted glycine residues. In these hybrids, the side chains of one or several amino acids are "shifted" from the alpha-carbon atom to the amide nitrogen atom. A library of phosphorylated peptoid-peptide hybrids derived from the sequence pTyr-Glu-Thr-Leu was synthesized and tested for binding to the tandem SH2 domain of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk. A considerable influence of the side chain position was observed. Compounds 19-21, 24, and 25 comprising a peptoid NpTyr and/or NGlu residue did not show any binding. Compounds 22, 23, and 26 containing an NhThr (hThr=homothreonine) and/or NLeu peptoid residue showed binding with IC(50) values that were only five to eight times higher than that of the tetrapeptide lead compound 18. These data show that side chain shifting is possible with retention of binding capacity, but only at the two C-terminal residues of the tetramer. This method of a peptoid scan using peptoid-peptide hybrids appears to be very useful to explore to what extent a peptide sequence can be transformed into a peptoid while retaining its affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ruijtenbeek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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69
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Gangloff AR, Litvak J, Shelton EJ, Sperandio D, Wang VR, Rice KD. Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles using tetrabutylammonium fluoride as a mild and efficient catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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70
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Violette SM, Guan W, Bartlett C, Smith JA, Bardelay C, Antoine E, Rickles RJ, Mandine E, van Schravendijk MR, Adams SE, Lynch BA, Shakespeare WC, Yang M, Jacobsen VA, Takeuchi CS, Macek KJ, Bohacek RS, Dalgarno DC, Weigele M, Lesuisse D, Sawyer TK, Baron R. Bone-targeted Src SH2 inhibitors block Src cellular activity and osteoclast-mediated resorption. Bone 2001; 28:54-64. [PMID: 11165943 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Src, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is an important regulator of osteoclast-mediated resorption. We have investigated whether compounds that bind to the Src SH2 domain inhibit Src activity in cells and decrease osteoclast-mediated resorption. Compounds were examined for binding to the Src SH2 domain in vitro using a fluorescence polarization binding assay. Experiments were carried out with compounds demonstrating in vitro binding activity (nmol/L range) to determine if they inhibit Src SH2 binding and Src function in cells, demonstrate blockade of Src signaling, and lack cellular toxicity. Cell-based assays included: (1) a mammalian two-hybrid assay; (2) morphological reversion and growth inhibition of cSrcY527F-transformed cells; and (3) inhibition of cortactin phosphorylation in csk-/- cells. The Src SH2 binding compounds inhibit Src activity in all three of these mechanism-based assays. The compounds described were synthesized to contain nonhydrolyzable phosphotyrosine mimics that bind to bone. These compounds were further tested and found to inhibit rabbit osteoclast-mediated resorption of dentine. These results indicate that compounds that bind to the Src SH2 domain can inhibit Src activity in cells and inhibit osteoclast-mediated resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Violette
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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71
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72
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Violette SM, Shakespeare WC, Bartlett C, Guan W, Smith JA, Rickles RJ, Bohacek RS, Holt DA, Baron R, Sawyer TK. A Src SH2 selective binding compound inhibits osteoclast-mediated resorption. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2000; 7:225-35. [PMID: 10712930 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observations that Src(-/-) mice develop osteopetrosis and Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors decrease osteoclast-mediated resorption of bone have implicated Src in the regulation of osteoclast-resorptive activity. We have designed and synthesized a compound, AP22161, that binds selectively to the Src SH2 domain and demonstrated that it inhibits Src-dependent cellular activity and inhibits osteoclast-mediated resorption. RESULTS AP22161 was designed to bind selectively to the Src SH2 domain by targeting a cysteine residue within the highly conserved phosphotyrosine-binding pocket. AP22161 was tested in vitro for binding to SH2 domains and was found to bind selectively and with high affinity to the Src SH2 domain. AP22161 was further tested in mechanism-based cellular assays and found to block Src SH2 binding to peptide ligands, inhibit Src-dependent cellular activity and diminish osteoclast resorptive activity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a compound that selectively inhibits Src SH2 binding can be used to inhibit osteoclast resorption. Furthermore, AP22161 has the potential to be further developed for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Violette
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biogen, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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73
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Monitor: molecules and profiles. Drug Discov Today 2000; 5:85-86. [PMID: 10652459 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(99)01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Monitor provides an insight into the latest developments in drug discovery through brief synopses of recent presentations and publications together with expert commentaries on the latest technologies. There are two sections: Molecules summarizes the chemistry and the pharmacological significance and biological relevance of new molecules reported in the literature and on the conference scene; Profiles offers commentary on promising lines of research, emerging molecular targets, novel technology, advances in synthetic and separation techniques and legislative issues.
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