51
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Phae-nok S, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Silver-Mediated Decarboxylative Fluorination of Paraconic Acids: A Direct Entry to β-Fluorinated γ-Butyrolactones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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52
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Vincent SP, Tikad A. β-Selective One-Pot Fluorophosphorylation ofd,d-Heptosylglycals Mediated by Selectfluor. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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53
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Geng C, Du L, Liu F, Zhu R, Liu C. Theoretical study on the mechanism of selective fluorination of aromatic compounds with Selectfluor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15202f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective fluorination of aromatic compounds with Selectfluor has been studied theoretically. Our calculations indicate that the fluorine bond contributes to the stabilization of the π complexes, and the SET mechanism is preferred over the SN2 mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihuan Geng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Likai Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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54
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Campbell MG, Ritter T. Modern carbon-fluorine bond forming reactions for aryl fluoride synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 115:612-33. [PMID: 25474722 DOI: 10.1021/cr500366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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55
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Bloom S, Knippel JL, Holl MG, Barber R, Lectka T. A cooperative allylic fluorination: combination of nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorine sources. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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56
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Pitts CR, Bloom S, Woltornist R, Auvenshine DJ, Ryzhkov LR, Siegler MA, Lectka T. Direct, catalytic monofluorination of sp³ C-H bonds: a radical-based mechanism with ionic selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9780-91. [PMID: 24943675 DOI: 10.1021/ja505136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our group unveiled a system in which an unusual interplay between copper(I) and Selectfluor effects mild, catalytic sp(3) C-H fluorination. Herein, we report a detailed reaction mechanism based on exhaustive EPR, (19)F NMR, UV-vis, electrochemical, kinetic, synthetic, and computational studies that, to our surprise, was revealed to be a radical chain mechanism in which copper acts as an initiator. Furthermore, we offer an explanation for the notable but curious preference for monofluorination by ascribing an ionic character to the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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57
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58
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Li Z, Zhang C, Zhu L, Liu C, Li C. Transition-metal-free, room-temperature radical azidofluorination of unactivated alkenes in aqueous solution. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Brandt JR, Lee E, Boursalian GB, Ritter T. Mechanism of Electrophilic Fluorination with Pd(IV): Fluoride Capture and Subsequent Oxidative Fluoride Transfer .. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52367E. [PMID: 24376910 PMCID: PMC3870902 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorinating reagents derived from fluoride are desirable for the synthesis of 18F-labeled molecules for positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we study the mechanism by which a Pd(IV)-complex captures fluoride and subsequently transfers it to nucleophiles. The intermediate Pd(IV)-F is formed with high rates even at the nano- to micromolar fluoride concentrations typical for radiosyntheses with 18F due to fast formation of an outer-sphere complex between fluoride and Pd(IV). The subsequent fluorine transfer from the Pd(IV)-F complex is proposed to proceed through an unusual SET/fluoride transfer/SET mechanism. The findings detailed in this manuscript provide a theoretical foundation suitable for addressing a more general approach for electrophilic fluorination with high specific activity 18F PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen R. Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gregory B. Boursalian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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60
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Wang H, Guo LN, Duan XH. Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylfluorination of styrenes in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7382-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Zhang C, Li Z, Zhu L, Yu L, Wang Z, Li C. Silver-catalyzed radical phosphonofluorination of unactivated alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14082-5. [PMID: 24025164 DOI: 10.1021/ja408031s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a mild and catalytic phosphonofluorination of unactivated alkenes. With catalysis by AgNO3, the condensation of various unactivated alkenes with diethyl phosphite and Selectfluor reagent in CH2Cl2/H2O/HOAc at 40 °C led to the efficient synthesis of β-fluorinated alkylphosphonates with good stereoselectivity and wide functional group compatibility. A mechanism involving silver-catalyzed oxidative generation of phosphonyl radicals and silver-assisted fluorine atom transfer is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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62
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Jin Z, Hidinger RS, Xu B, Hammond GB. Stereoselective Synthesis of Monofluoroalkyl α,β-Unsaturated Ketones From Allenyl Carbinol Esters Mediated by Gold and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7725-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301239p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Rachel S. Hidinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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63
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Barker TJ, Boger DL. Fe(III)/NaBH4-mediated free radical hydrofluorination of unactivated alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13588-91. [PMID: 22860624 PMCID: PMC3425717 DOI: 10.1021/ja3063716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A powerful Fe(III)/NaBH(4)-mediated free radical hydrofluorination of unactivated alkenes is disclosed using Selectfluor reagent as a source of fluorine and resulting in exclusive Markovnikov addition. In contrast to the traditional and unmanageable free radical hydrofluorination of alkenes, the Fe(III)/NaBH(4)-mediated reaction is conducted under exceptionally mild reaction conditions (0 °C, 5 min, CH(3)CN/H(2)O). The reaction can be conducted open to the air and with water as a cosolvent and demonstrates an outstanding substrate scope and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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64
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Li Y, Li Z, Xiong T, Zhang Q, Zhang X. Copper-Catalyzed Selective Benzylic C–O Cyclization of N-o-Tolylbenzamides: Synthesis of 4H-3,1-Benzoxazines. Org Lett 2012; 14:3522-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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65
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Durantie E, Bucher C, Gilmour R. Fluorine-directed β-galactosylation: chemical glycosylation development by molecular editing. Chemistry 2012; 18:8208-15. [PMID: 22592962 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Validation of the 2-fluoro substituent as an inert steering group to control chemical glycosylation is presented. A molecular editing study has revealed that the exceptional levels of diastereocontrol in glycosylation processes by using 2-fluoro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (TCA) scaffolds are a consequence of the 2R,3S,4S stereotriad. This study has also revealed that epimerization at C4, results in a substantial enhancement in β-selectivity (up to β/α 300:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Durantie
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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66
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Michaudel Q, Thevenet D, Baran PS. Intermolecular Ritter-type C-H amination of unactivated sp3 carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2547-50. [PMID: 22276612 PMCID: PMC3277284 DOI: 10.1021/ja212020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular Ritter-type C-H amination of unactivated sp(3) carbons has been developed. This new reaction proceeds under mild conditions using readily available reagents and an inexpensive source of nitrogen (acetonitrile). A broad scope of substrates can be aminated with this method since many functional groups are tolerated. This reaction also allows for the direct, innate C-H amination of a variety of hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane without the need of prefunctionalization or installation of a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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67
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Forget SM, Bhattasali D, Hart VC, Cameron TS, Syvitski RT, Jakeman DL. Synthesis and enzymatic evaluation of ketose phosphonates: the interplay between mutarotation, monofluorination and acidity. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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68
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Giuffredi GT, Jennings LE, Bernet B, Gouverneur V. Facile synthesis of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-α-d-talopyranoside, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-α-d-idopyranoside and 2,4-dideoxy-2,4-difluoro-α-d-talopyranoside. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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69
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Serguchev YA, Lourie LF, Ponomarenko MV, Rusanov EB, Ignat’ev NV. Fluorolactonization of unsaturated carboxylic acids with F-TEDA-BF4 in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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70
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Choi SH, Ruszczycky MW, Zhang H, Liu HW. A fluoro analogue of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid is an inhibitor of UDP-α-D-apiose/UDP-α-D-xylose synthase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10130-2. [PMID: 21826368 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UDP-2F-glucuronic acid was synthesized and analyzed as a mechanistic probe to investigate the ring contraction step catalyzed by UDP-d-apiose/UDP-d-xylose synthase (AXS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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71
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Daniels MH, Hubbs J. The development of a Selectfluor®-mediated oxidative Mannich reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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72
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Radwan-Olszewska K, Palacios F, Kafarski P. Selective synthesis of α-fluoro-β-keto- and α-fluoro-β-aminophosphonates via electrophilic fluorination by selectfluor. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1170-3. [PMID: 21244062 DOI: 10.1021/jo102276y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of α-mono- and α,α-difluoro-β-ketophosphonates were synthesized in moderate to good yields with excellent selectivities via electrophilic fluorination by Selectfluor. Subsequently, synthetic potential of the obtained α-monofluoro-β-ketophosphonates was demonstrated by their application in synthesis of α-monofluoro-β-aminophosphonates, useful building blocks in the preparation of phosphapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Radwan-Olszewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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73
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Serguchev YA, Ponomarenko MV, Lourie LF, Fokin AA. Transannular additions of selectfluor and xenon difluoride: regioselectivity and mechanism. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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74
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Teare H, Robins E, Kirjavainen A, Forsback S, Sandford G, Solin O, Luthra S, Gouverneur V. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6821-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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75
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Teare H, Robins E, Kirjavainen A, Forsback S, Sandford G, Solin O, Luthra S, Gouverneur V. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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76
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Dilman AD, Belyakov PA, Struchkova MI, Arkhipov DE, Korlyukov AA, Tartakovsky VA. Fluorocyanation of Enamines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5367-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1008993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A. Belyakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I. Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry E. Arkhipov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 119991 Moscow, Vavilov str. 28, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 119991 Moscow, Vavilov str. 28, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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77
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Wagner S, Mersch C, Hoffmann-Röder A. Fluorinated Glycosyl Amino Acids for Mucin-Like Glycopeptide Antigen Analogues. Chemistry 2010; 16:7319-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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78
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Huang JY, Li SJ, Wang YG. Selective Oxidation of Glycosyl Sulfides to Sulfoxides with Sodium Hypochlorite and Catalyzed by Metalloporphyrins. J Carbohydr Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2010.483041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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79
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Seo J, Barron AE, Zuckermann RN. Novel peptoid building blocks: synthesis of functionalized aromatic helix-inducing submonomers. Org Lett 2010; 12:492-5. [PMID: 20055478 PMCID: PMC2814525 DOI: 10.1021/ol902660p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptoids, oligo-N-substituted glycines, can fold into well-defined helical secondary structures. The design and synthesis of new peptoid building blocks that are capable of both (a) inducing a helical secondary structure and (b) decorating the helices with chemical functionalities are reported. Peptoid heptamers containing carboxamide, carboxylic acid or thiol functionalities were synthesized, and the resulting peptoids were shown to form stable helices. A thiol-containing peptoid readily formed the homodisulfide, providing a convenient route to prepare peptoid helix homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Seo
- Department of Bio engineering, Stanford University, W300 James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5440
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department of Bio engineering, Stanford University, W300 James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5440
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Biological Nanostructures Facility, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720
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80
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Parlier A, Kadouri-Puchot C, Beaupierre S, Jarosz N, Rudler H, Hamon L, Herson P, Daran JC. An intramolecular journey of a carboxyl group around 1,2-dihydropyridines: multisite δ- versus γ-lactonization reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Rudler H, Parlier A, Hamon L, Herson P, Chaquin P, Daran JC. Straightforward access to tetrahydropyridine and piperidine-fused fluorolactones from pyridines and bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetals. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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82
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Fokt I, Szymanski S, Skora S, Cybulski M, Madden T, Priebe W. D-glucose- and D-mannose-based antimetabolites. Part 2. Facile synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-halo-D-glucoses and -D-mannoses. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1464-73. [PMID: 19625015 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Modified D-glucose and D-mannose analogs are potentially clinically useful metabolic inhibitors. Biological evaluation of 2-deoxy-2-halo analogs has been impaired by limited availability and lack of efficient methods for their preparation. We have developed practical synthetic approaches to 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-, 2-chloro-2-deoxy-, 2-bromo-2-deoxy-, and 2-deoxy-2-iodo derivatives of D-glucose and D-mannose that exploit electrophilic addition reactions to a commercially available 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fokt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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83
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Rempel BP, Withers SG. Non-Stick Sugars: Synthesis of Difluorosugar Fluorides as Potential Glycosidase Inactivators. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Four new difluorosugar fluorides, 2-deoxy-2,5-difluoro-α-l-idopyranosyl fluoride, 1,5-difluoro-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride, 1,5-difluoro-l-idopyranosyl fluoride, and 2-deoxy-1,2-difluoro-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride, were synthesized from known precursors by a radical bromination/fluoride displacement sequence, followed by deprotection. The compounds were tested as time-dependent inactivators of the β-glucosidase from Agrobacterium sp. (Abg, EC 3.2.1.21) and, while they were shown to bind to the enzyme active site as reversible competitive inhibitors, the only time-dependent inactivation observed was traced to the presence of an extremely small amount (<0.1%) of a highly reactive contaminating impurity.
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84
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Dohi H, Périon R, Durka M, Bosco M, Roué Y, Moreau F, Grizot S, Ducruix A, Escaich S, Vincent SP. Stereoselective glycal fluorophosphorylation: synthesis of ADP-2-fluoroheptose, an inhibitor of the LPS biosynthesis. Chemistry 2008; 14:9530-9. [PMID: 18833547 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heptosides are found in important bacterial glycolipids such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the biosynthesis of which is targeted for the development of novel antibacterial agents. This work describes the synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptopyranose, the donor substrate of the heptosyl transferase WaaC, which catalyzes the incorporation of this carbohydrate into LPS. Synthetically, the key step for the preparation of ADP-2F-heptose is the simultaneous and stereoselective installation of both the fluorine atom at C-2 and the phosphoryl group at C-1 through a selectfluor-mediated (selectfluor=1-chloromethyl-4-fluorodiazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(triflate)) electrophilic addition/nucleophilic substitution involving a heptosylglycal. Therefore, we detail in this article 1) the stereoselective preparation of the key intermediates heptosylglycals, 2) the development of a new fluorophosphorylation procedure allowing an excellent beta-gluco stereoselectivity with "all-equatorial" glycals, 3) the synthesis of the target ADP-2F-heptose, and 4) some comments on the contacts observed between the fluorine atom of the final molecule and the protein in the crystallographic structure of heptosyltransferase WaaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Dohi
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2769), UMR 8642: CNRS-ENS-UPMC Paris 6, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
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85
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Ma JA, Cahard D. Update 1 of: Asymmetric fluorination, trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:PR1-43. [PMID: 18798358 DOI: 10.1021/cr800221v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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86
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Francisco CG, González CC, Kennedy AR, Paz NR, Suárez E. Fragmentation of carbohydrate anomeric alkoxyl radicals: new synthesis of chiral 1-fluoro-1-halo-1-iodoalditols. Chemistry 2008; 14:6704-12. [PMID: 18576400 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new general methodology for the synthesis of 1,1,1-trihaloalditols by starting from 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-hex-1-enitol derivatives (glycals) is described. The halogens are introduced sequentially in each of the three different steps of the process. The fluorine is introduced in the first step by electrophilic fluorination of the starting glycal; next, hydroxyhalogenation of the resulting vinyl fluoride allows the addition of any halogen (F, Cl, Br or I) at will, and finally, an iodine atom is inserted through an alkoxyl radical fragmentation reaction. This methodology allows the preparation of diverse types of 1,1,1-trihalogenated compounds (R--CF(2)I, R--CFI(2), R--CFClI and R--CFBrI) under mild conditions compatible with sensitive substituents. In some cases, the diastereomeric mixtures generated from R--CFClI and R--CFBrI can be chromatographically separated, and their configuration determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The synthetic usefulness of these compounds has been preliminarily assessed by examining the reactivity of the fluorinated radical generated by rupture of the C--I bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme G Francisco
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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87
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88
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89
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Alonso-Cruz CR, Kennedy AR, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated 2H-Azirines and 2-Halo-2H-azirines from 3-Azido-2,3-dideoxyhexopyranoses by Alkoxyl Radical Fragmentation. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4116-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800182y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R. Alonso-Cruz
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, and WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, and WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - María S. Rodríguez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, and WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Suárez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, and WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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90
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Holland JP, Barnard PJ, Bayly SR, Betts HM, Churchill GC, Dilworth JR, Edge R, Green JC, Hueting R. Synthesis, Radiolabelling and Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of Styrene-Derivatised Bis(thiosemicarbazonato)zinc and -copper Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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91
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Rudler H, Parlier A, Hamon L, Herson P, Daran JC. Lactonizations of carboxylic acid-substituted 3-fluorodihydropyridines with electrophiles: peculiar behaviour of F+. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4150-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b807092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Xu XH, Trunkfield AE, Bugg TDH, Qing FL. Synthesis of gem-difluorinated nucleoside analogues of the liposidomycins and evaluation as MraY inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:157-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b713068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Schäfer M, Drayß M, Springer A, Zacharias P, Meerholz K. Radical Cations in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: Formation of Open‐Shell Species, Examination of the Fragmentation Behaviour in ESI‐MS
n
and Reaction Mechanism Studies by Detection of Transient Radical Cations. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schäfer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Miriam Drayß
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Andreas Springer
- Department of Chemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Zacharias
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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94
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Caravano A, Dohi H, Sinaÿ P, Vincent SP. A new methodology for the synthesis of fluorinated exo-glycals and their time-dependent inhibition of UDP-galactopyranose mutase. Chemistry 2007; 12:3114-23. [PMID: 16429471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated carbohydrates constitute a very important class of mechanistic probes for glycosyl-processing enzymes. In this study, we describe the first synthesis of fluorinated and phosphonylated exo-glycals and their corresponding nucleotide sugars in the galactofuranose series. The synthetic protocol that we have developed is a Selectfluor-mediated fluorination/elimination sequence on phosphonylated exo-glycals, and it offers a new entry into fluorinated carbohydrate chemistry. The challenging E/Z stereochemical assignment of the resulting tetrasubstituted alkenes, which bear an alkoxy, an alkyl, a fluoro, and a phosphonyl group, has been achieved through NMR experiments. The corresponding (E)- and (Z)-nucleotide fluorosugars have been prepared and tested as inhibitors of UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM). UGM is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of uridine diphosphate(UDP)-galactopyranose into UDP-galactofuranose, a key step of the biosynthesis of important mycobacterial cell-wall glycoconjugates. The two diastereomeric molecules were found to display time-dependent inactivation of UGM, as expected from preliminary results using non-fluorinated exo-glycal nucleotides. The inhibitory properties of the two fluorinated molecules led us to suggest that the inactivation mechanism proceeds through two-electron processes, despite the presence of the flavin cofactor within the UGM catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Caravano
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2769), UMR 8642: CNRS-ENS-UPMC Paris 6, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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95
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Alonso-Cruz CR, Kennedy AR, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Alkoxyl radical fragmentation of 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-2-halo-hexopyranoses: a new entry to chiral polyhydroxylated 2-azido-1-halo-1-alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Caravano A, Baillieul D, Ansiaux C, Pan W, Kovensky J, Sinaÿ P, Vincent SP. Synthesis of galactosides locked in a 1,4B boat conformation and functionalized at the anomeric position. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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97
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Zhang X, Liao Y, Qian R, Wang H, Guo Y. Investigation of radical cation in electrophilic fluorination by ESI-MS. Org Lett 2006; 7:3877-80. [PMID: 16119921 DOI: 10.1021/ol051281o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction solutions of selectfluor (1) with triphenylethylene (4a) and tetraphenylethylene (4b) were monitored by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. Detection and characterization of the key radical cationic intermediates 5a.+ and 5b.+) fully supports the SET mechanism in electrophilic fluorination as depicted above. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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98
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Elemental fluorine. Part 19: Electrophilic fluorination of hexyl derivatives bearing electron withdrawing groups. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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99
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Fluorolactonization of norbornenecarboxylic acids and their methyl esters with F-TEDA-BF4 and XeF2. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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100
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