51
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Bera D, Kuiry SC, McCutchen M, Kruize A, Heinrich H, Meyyappan M, Seal S. In-situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles-filled carbon nanotubes using arc-discharge in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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52
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Grochala W, Edwards PP. Thermal Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1283-316. [PMID: 15008624 DOI: 10.1021/cr030691s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grochala
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK.
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53
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Lueking AD, Yang RT, Rodriguez NM, Baker RTK. Hydrogen storage in graphite nanofibers: effect of synthesis catalyst and pretreatment conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:714-721. [PMID: 15773096 DOI: 10.1021/la0349875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of graphite nanofibers (GNFs) that were subjected to various pretreatments were used to determine how modifications in the carbon structure formed during either synthesis or pretreatment steps results in active or inactive materials for hydrogen storage. The nanofibers possessing a herringbone structure and a high degree of defects were found to exhibit the best performance for hydrogen storage. These materials were exposed to several pretreatment procedures, including oxidative, reductive, and inert environments. Significant hydrogen storage levels were found for several in situ pretreatments. Examination of the nanofibers by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after pretreatment and subsequent hydrogen storage revealed the existence of edge attack and an enhancement in the generation of structural defects. These findings suggest that pretreatment in certain environments results in the creation of catalytic sites that are favorable toward hydrogen storage. The best pretreatment resulted in a 3.8% hydrogen release after exposure at 69 bar and room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Lueking
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 2300 Hayward, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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54
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Schimmel HG, Kearley GJ, Nijkamp MG, Visser CT, de Jong KP, Mulder FM. Hydrogen Adsorption in Carbon Nanostructures: Comparison of Nanotubes, Fibers, and Coals. Chemistry 2003; 9:4764-70. [PMID: 14566884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were reported to have record high hydrogen storage capacities at room temperature, indicating an interaction between hydrogen and carbon matrix that is stronger than known before. Here we present a study of the interaction of hydrogen with activated charcoal, carbon nanofibers, and SWNT that disproves these earlier reports. The hydrogen storage capacity of these materials correlates with the surface area of the material, the activated charcoal having the largest. The SWNT appear to have a relatively low accessible surface area due to bundling of the tubes; the hydrogen does not enter the voids between the tubes in the bundles. Pressure-temperature curves were used to estimate the interaction potential, which was found to be 580+/-60 K. Hydrogen gas was adsorbed in amounts up to 2 wt % only at low temperatures. Molecular rotations observed with neutron scattering indicate that molecular hydrogen is present, and no significant difference was found between the hydrogen molecules adsorbed in the different investigated materials. Results from density functional calculations show molecular hydrogen bonding to an aromatic C[bond]C that is present in the materials investigated. The claims of high storage capacities of SWNT related to their characteristic morphology are unjustified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gijs Schimmel
- Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629, JB Delft, The Netherlands
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55
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56
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D2 adsorption in potassium-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes: a neutron diffraction and isotherms study. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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57
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Smith, MR, Bittner EW, Shi W, Johnson JK, Bockrath BC. Chemical Activation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Adsorption. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027631v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton R. Smith,
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Edward W. Bittner
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Wei Shi
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - J. Karl Johnson
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Bradley C. Bockrath
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, and Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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58
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Chen P, Xiong Z, Luo J, Lin J, Tan KL. Interaction of hydrogen with metal nitrides and imides. Nature 2002; 420:302-4. [PMID: 12447436 DOI: 10.1038/nature01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1394] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2002] [Accepted: 10/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pursuit of a clean and healthy environment has stimulated much effort in the development of technologies for the utilization of hydrogen-based energy. A critical issue is the need for practical systems for hydrogen storage, a problem that remains unresolved after several decades of exploration. In this context, the possibility of storing hydrogen in advanced carbon materials has generated considerable interest. But confirmation and a mechanistic understanding of the hydrogen-storage capabilities of these materials still require much work. Our previously published work on hydrogen uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes cannot be reproduced by others. It was realized by us and also demonstrated by Pinkerton et al. that most of the weight gain was due to moisture, which the alkali oxide picked up from the atmosphere. Here we describe a different material system, lithium nitride, which shows potential as a hydrogen storage medium. Lithium nitride is usually employed as an electrode, or as a starting material for the synthesis of binary or ternary nitrides. Using a variety of techniques, we demonstrate that this compound can also reversibly take up large amounts of hydrogen. Although the temperature required to release the hydrogen at usable pressures is too high for practical application of the present material, we suggest that more investigations are needed, as the metal-N-H system could prove to be a promising route to reversible hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260 Singapore.
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59
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Skákalová V, Quintel A, Choi YM, Roth S, Becher M, Hirscher M. Chemical processes during solid state reaction of carbon with alkali salts prepared for gravimetric hydrogen storage measurements. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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60
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Zhong ZY, Xiong ZT, Sun LF, Luo JZ, Chen P, Wu X, Lin J, Tan KL. Nanosized Nickel(or Cobalt)/Graphite Composites for Hydrogen Storage. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Y. Zhong
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - Z. T. Xiong
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - L. F. Sun
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - J. Z. Luo
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - P. Chen
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - X. Wu
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - J. Lin
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
| | - K. L. Tan
- Department of Physics, Surface Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117542
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61
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Ma R, Bando Y, Zhu H, Sato T, Xu C, Wu D. Hydrogen uptake in boron nitride nanotubes at room temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:7672-3. [PMID: 12083917 DOI: 10.1021/ja026030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen uptake capacities of 1.8 and 2.6 wt % were obtained on BN multiwalled nanotubes and bamboo-like nanotubes, respectively, under approximately 10 MPa at room temperature. The preliminary results show that chemical interactions mainly take place between hydrogen and BN. Taking into consideration the uniform semiconducting electronic property and ultimate stable chemical and thermal stability, BN nanotubes may exhibit some interesting possibilities in storing hydrogen. This will also provide some viewpoints on designing the carbon-based hydrogen storage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Ma
- National Institute for Materials Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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62
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Atkinson K, Roth S, Hirscher M, Grünwald W. Carbon nanostructures: An efficient hydrogen storage medium for fuel cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-2859(01)80733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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63
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Vander Wal RL, Ticich TM. Flame and Furnace Synthesis of Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012838u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M. Ticich
- Centenary College of Louisiana, Department of Chemistry, 2911 Centenary Boulevard, Shreveport, Louisiana 71134
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64
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Pekker S, Salvetat JP, Jakab E, Bonard JM, Forró L. Hydrogenation of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite in Liquid Ammonia. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010642o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pekker
- Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary
| | - J.-P. Salvetat
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Matière Divisée, 1b Rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - E. Jakab
- Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary
| | - J.-M. Bonard
- Institut de Physique Expérimentale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Forró
- Institut de Génie Atomique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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