51
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Speetjens FW, Mahanthappa MK. Synthesis and Rheological Characterization of Poly(vinyl acetate-b-vinyl alcohol-b-vinyl acetate) Triblock Copolymer Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Speetjens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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52
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Abstract
Self-healing is a natural process common to all living organisms which provides increased longevity and the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Inspired by this fitness-enhancing functionality, which was tuned by billions of years of evolution, scientists and engineers have been incorporating self-healing capabilities into synthetic materials. By mimicking mechanically triggered chemistry as well as the storage and delivery of liquid reagents, new materials have been developed with extended longevity that are capable of restoring mechanical integrity and additional functions after being damaged. This Review describes the fundamental steps in this new field of science, which combines chemistry, physics, materials science, and mechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Scott R White
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Matthews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 (USA).
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54
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Dong R, Zhou Y, Huang X, Zhu X, Lu Y, Shen J. Functional supramolecular polymers for biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:498-526. [PMID: 25393728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a novel class of dynamic and non-covalent polymers, supramolecular polymers not only display specific structural and physicochemical properties, but also have the ability to undergo reversible changes of structure, shape, and function in response to diverse external stimuli, making them promising candidates for widespread applications ranging from academic research to industrial fields. By an elegant combination of dynamic/reversible structures with exceptional functions, functional supramolecular polymers are attracting increasing attention in various fields. In particular, functional supramolecular polymers offer several unique advantages, including inherent degradable polymer backbones, smart responsiveness to various biological stimuli, and the ease for the incorporation of multiple biofunctionalities (e.g., targeting and bioactivity), thereby showing great potential for a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In this Review, the trends and representative achievements in the design and synthesis of supramolecular polymers with specific functions are summarized, as well as their wide-ranging biomedical applications such as drug delivery, gene transfection, protein delivery, bio-imaging and diagnosis, tissue engineering, and biomimetic chemistry. These achievements further inspire persistent efforts in an emerging interdisciplin-ary research area of supramolecular chemistry, polymer science, material science, biomedical engineering, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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55
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Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani M, GhavamiNejad A, Hashmi S, Stadler FJ. Hydrogen Bonding in Aprotic Solvents, a New Strategy for Gelation of Bioinspired Catecholic Copolymers with N
-Isopropylamide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:447-52. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P.R. China
- Chonbuk National University; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Islamic Azad University; Omidiyeh Branch; Department of Polymer; 63731-93719 Omidiyeh Iran
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; North Carolina 27599-3290 USA
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Chonbuk National University; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering; Graduate School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Saud Hashmi
- Chonbuk National University; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering; NED University of Engineering & Technology; University Road Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 P.R. China
- Chonbuk National University; School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering; Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 Republic of Korea
- Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen 518060 P.R. China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics; Shenzhen 518060 P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials; Shenzhen 518060 P.R. China
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56
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Effect of starch particles on foam stability and dilational viscoelasticity of aqueous-foam. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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57
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Krishnan GR, Yuan Y, Arzumand A, Sarkar D. Gelation characteristics and applications of poly(ethylene glycol) end capped with hydrophobic biodegradable dipeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rajesh Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Buffalo New York 14260
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Buffalo New York 14260
| | - Ayesha Arzumand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Buffalo New York 14260
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Buffalo New York 14260
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Buffalo New York 14260
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58
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Guo S, Zhang J, Wang B, Cong Y, Chen X, Bu W. A reversible cross-linked polymer network based on conjugated polypseudorotaxanes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular cross-linked conjugated polymer network induced by controllable acid–base reactions leads to a reversible change in the fluorescence intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Cong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
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59
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Jin L, Tan Y, Shangguan Y, Lin Y, Xu B, Wu Q, Zheng Q. Multiregion Shear Thinning for Subsequent Static Self-Thickening in Chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15111-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408782e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yeqiang Tan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yonggang Shangguan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Lin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qiang Wu
- College
of Engineering, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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60
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Noro A, Matsushima S, He X, Hayashi M, Matsushita Y. Thermoreversible Supramolecular Polymer Gels via Metal–Ligand Coordination in an Ionic Liquid. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401820x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Noro
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsushima
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xudong He
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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61
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A Hybrid Methacrylate-Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Interpolyelectrolyte Complex: Rheometry and in Silico Disposition for Controlled Drug Release. MATERIALS 2013; 6:4284-4308. [PMID: 28788332 PMCID: PMC5452861 DOI: 10.3390/ma6104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rheological behavioral changes that occurred during the synthesis of an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of methacrylate copolymer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were assessed. These changes were compared with the rheological behavior of the individual polymers employing basic viscosity, yield stress, stress sweep, frequency sweep, temperature ramp as well as creep and recovery testing. The rheological studies demonstrated that the end-product of the complexation of low viscous methacrylate copolymer and entangled solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose generated a polymer, which exhibited a solid-like behavior with a three-dimensional network. Additionally, the rheological profile of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to the effect of various concentrations of acetic acid on the synthesis of the IPEC was elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) by exploring the spatial disposition of carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to each other and acetic acid. The computational results corroborated well with the experimental in vitro drug release data. Results have shown that the IPEC may be suitable polymeric material for achieving controlled zero-order drug delivery.
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62
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Hackelbusch S, Rossow T, van Assenbergh P, Seiffert S. Chain Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4003648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hackelbusch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Rossow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter van Assenbergh
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional
Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195
Berlin, Germany
- F-ISFM
Soft Matter and Functional
Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz
1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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63
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Mahmoudi T, Karimkhani V, Song GS, Lee DS, Stadler FJ. Shear Induced Irreversible Gelation through Physical Network Formation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302297w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mahmoudi
- School of Semiconductor and
Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic
of Korea
| | - Vahid Karimkhani
- Department of
Polymer Engineering
and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gwang Seok Song
- School of Semiconductor and
Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dai Soo Lee
- School of Semiconductor and
Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic
of Korea
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- School of Semiconductor and
Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-756, Republic
of Korea
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64
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Herbst F, Döhler D, Michael P, Binder WH. Self-Healing Polymers via Supramolecular Forces. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:203-20. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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65
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Yang H, Chen H, Tan Y. Cucurbit[8]uril inducing supramolecular hydrogels by adjusting pH. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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66
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Yan X, Xu D, Chen J, Zhang M, Hu B, Yu Y, Huang F. A self-healing supramolecular polymer gel with stimuli-responsiveness constructed by crown ether based molecular recognition. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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67
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Rossow T, Hackelbusch S, van Assenbergh P, Seiffert S. A modular construction kit for supramolecular polymer gels. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Francisco KR, Dreiss CA, Bouteiller L, Sabadini E. Tuning the viscoelastic properties of bis(urea)-based supramolecular polymer solutions by adding cosolutes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14531-14539. [PMID: 22967205 DOI: 10.1021/la3025606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers formed by the self-assembly of a bis(urea)-based polymer, 2,4-bis(2-ethylhexylureido)toluene (EHUT), in organic solvents such as octane are promising systems with remarkable rheological properties. This is the first self-assembled polymer recently reported as a hydrodynamic drag reducer for hydrocarbons. The rheology of diluted and semidiluted EHUT solutions can be tuned by specific interactions between the chains, modulated by the nature of the solvent and the presence of additives. In this article, rheological, thermal and SANS measurements were performed in order to investigate the competition between EHUT self-assembly and its interaction with specific molecules (benzene, benzyl alcohol, and ethanol) that can interact with EHUT unimers via hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. No substantial rheological, thermal, or structural effect is observed when benzene is added to the systems. However, ethanol and benzyl alcohol interact with EHUT unimers through hydrogen bonds, drastically decreasing the viscoelasticity of the solutions. In addition, benzyl alcohol can interact with EHUT polymers by π-stacking interactions, playing an important role in tuning the rheological properties of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Roberta Francisco
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-862 Campinas-SP, Brazil
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69
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Lee SW, Kumpfer JR, Lin PA, Li G, Gao XPA, Rowan SJ, Sankaran RM. In Situ Formation of Metal Nanoparticle Composites via “Soft” Plasma Electrochemical Reduction of Metallosupramolecular Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301640d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Whan Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Justin R. Kumpfer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Pin Ann Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Guodong Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xuan P. A. Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - R. Mohan Sankaran
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and §Department of
Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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70
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71
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Xu D, Asai D, Chilkoti A, Craig SL. Rheological properties of cysteine-containing elastin-like polypeptide solutions and hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2315-21. [PMID: 22789001 PMCID: PMC3418688 DOI: 10.1021/bm300760s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rheological properties of cysteine-containing elastin-like polypeptide (Cys-ELP) solutions and Cys-ELP hydrogels are reported. The Cys-ELP solutions exhibit a surprisingly high apparent viscosity at low shear rate. The high viscosity is attributed to the formation of an interfacial cross-linked "skin" at the sample surface, rather than the bulk of the Cys-ELP solution. At higher shear rate, the interfacial cross-linked film breaks, and its influence on the viscosity of the Cys-ELP solution can be ignored. Cys-ELP hydrogels are formed by mixing Cys-ELP and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). At fixed concentration of Cys-ELP, the gelation time can be tuned by the concentration of H(2)O(2). Cys-ELP hydrogels have the typical characteristics of covalent cross-linked networks, as the storage moduli are larger than the loss moduli and are independent of frequency in dynamic oscillatory frequency sweep experiments. The plateau moduli obtained from linear frequency sweep experiments are much lower than those estimated from the number of thiol groups along the Cys-ELP chain, indicating that only a small fraction of thiols form elastically active cross-links. From the small value of the fraction of elastically active cross-links, the Cys-ELP hydrogel is concluded to be an inhomogenous network. Under steady shear, a 2.5 wt % Cys-ELP hydrogel shear thickens at shear rates lower than that necessary for fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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72
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Hackethal K, Herbst F, Binder WH. Synthesis and clustering of supramolecular “graft” polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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73
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Kumpfer JR, Rowan SJ. Directed Self-Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Polymers at the Polymer-Polymer Interface. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:882-887. [PMID: 35607137 DOI: 10.1021/mz300224x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of a metallosupramolecular polymer is achieved at the interface between two polymer films by simple melt pressing. Blends of a 2,6-bis(N-methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine (MeBip) side-chain functionalized polystyrene in a polystyrene matrix and Zn(NTf2)2 in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix were pressed together above the Tg of the matrix polymers resulting in diffusion of the components and subsequent self-assembly of the metallosupramolecular polymer at the polymer-polymer interface. The formation of the metallosupramolecular polymer was monitored by spectroscopy and microscopy and it was found that the interfacial self-assembly occurs at the processing temperatures (ca. 210 °C) within 5 min. It was further shown that this materials system resulted in robust films that exhibited a new emergent property, namely, phosphorescence, which is not exhibited by any of the individual components nor the metallosupramolecular polymer itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Kumpfer
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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74
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Yan X, Wang F, Zheng B, Huang F. Stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymeric materials. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6042-65. [PMID: 22618080 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1171] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials, dynamic materials by nature, are defined as materials whose components are bridged via reversible connections and undergo spontaneous and continuous assembly/disassembly processes under specific conditions. On account of the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent interactions, supramolecular polymers have the ability to adapt to their environment and possess a wide range of intriguing properties, such as degradability, shape-memory, and self-healing, making them unique candidates for supramolecular materials. In this critical review, we address recent developments in supramolecular polymeric materials, which can respond to appropriate external stimuli at the fundamental level due to the existence of noncovalent interactions of the building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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77
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Yan X, Xu D, Chi X, Chen J, Dong S, Ding X, Yu Y, Huang F. A multiresponsive, shape-persistent, and elastic supramolecular polymer network gel constructed by orthogonal self-assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:362-9. [PMID: 22161963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A cross-linked supramolecular polymer network gel is designed and prepared, which shows reversible gel-sol transitions induced by changes in pH, temperature, cation concentration, and metal co-ordination. The gel pore size is controlled by the amount of cross-linker added to the system, and the material can be molded into shape-persistent, free-standing objects with elastic behavior. These features are all due to the dynamically reversible host-guest complexation and good mechanical properties of the cross-linked polymer network. No single organogel has previously been reported to possess all of these features, making this supramolecular gel an unprecedentedly intelligent soft material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China
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78
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Sui K, Zhao X, Wu Z, Xia Y, Liang H, Li Y. Synthesis, rapid responsive thickening, and self-assembly of brush copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) in aqueous solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:153-160. [PMID: 22107261 DOI: 10.1021/la2031472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Double hydrophilic brush copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PEO-g-PDMAEMA) was successfully prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). We investigated the pH/thermoresponsive behaviors of PEO-g-PDMAEMA brush-shaped copolymer concentrated aqueous solutions by rheology. The observed LCST strongly decreased with increasing pH of the solutions, which was lower than that of linear block copolymer for different pH, indicating rapid thermoresponsiveness of the brush PDMAEMA chains. An unexpected shear thickening behavior was observed and could be tuned by the pH, resulting from the mobile nature and tractive force of the densely grafted hydrophobic chains of PDMAEMA at high pH. Self-assembly of the brush copolymer in a different pH and ionic strength environment was studied by transmission electron microscopy. A wormlike cylinder structure was formed at low pH. Fractals were observed for the brush copolymer aqueous solution in the presence of NaCl. The results showed that by adjusting the pH and NaCl concentration of the dispersions fractal aggregates with different topology were obtained. The observations reported here can supply a better understanding of the molecular self-assembling nature and be used to develop responsive materials with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory Cultivating Base for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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79
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Appel EA, del Barrio J, Loh XJ, Scherman OA. Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6195-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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80
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Seiffert S, Sprakel J. Physical chemistry of supramolecular polymer networks. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:909-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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81
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Xu D, Craig SL. Strain Hardening and Strain Softening of Reversibly Cross-linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2011; 44:7478-7488. [PMID: 22043083 DOI: 10.1021/ma201386t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks formed by adding bis-Pd(II) cross-linkers to poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution is reported. The influence of scanning frequency, dissociation rate of cross-linkers, concentration of cross-linkers, and concentration of PVP solution on the large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior is explored. In semidilute unentangled PVP solutions, above a critical scanning frequency, strain hardening of both storage moduli and loss moduli is observed. In the semidilute entangled regime of PVP solution, however, strain softening is observed for samples with faster cross-linkers (k(d) ∼ 1450 s(-1)), whereas strain hardening is observed for samples with slower cross-linkers (k(d) ∼ 17 s(-1)). The mechanism of strain hardening is attributed primarily to a strain-induced increase in the number of elastically active chains, with possible contributions from non-Gaussian stretching of polymer chains at strains approaching network fracture. The divergent strain softening of samples with faster cross-linkers in semidilute entangled PVP solutions, relative to the strain hardening of samples with slower cross-linkers, is consistent with observed shear thinning/shear thickening behavior reported previously and is attributed to the fact that the average time that a cross-linker remains detached is too short to permit the local relaxation of polymer chain segments that is necessary for a net conversion of elastically inactive to elastically active cross-linkers. These and other observations paint a picture in which strain softening and shear thinning arise from the same set of molecular mechanisms, conceptually uniting the two nonlinear responses for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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82
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Abstract
The linear rheological properties of networks formed by adding bis-Pd(II) cross-linkers to poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) solution are examined, and the scaling law relationships between the zero shear viscosity (η(0)) of the networks versus the concentration of PVP solution (C(PVP)), the concentration of cross-linkers (C(X)), and the number density of elastically active chains (v(phantom)) are experimentally determined. The scaling law relationships are compared to the theoretical expectations of the Sticky Rouse and Sticky Reptation models (Macromolecules2001, 34, 1058-1068), and both qualitative and quantitative differences are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0346
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83
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Xu D, Liu CY, Craig SL. Divergent Shear Thinning and Shear Thickening Behavior of Supramolecular Polymer Networks in Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2011; 44:2343-2353. [PMID: 21547008 DOI: 10.1021/ma2000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steady shear behavior of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks formed by bis-Pd(II) cross-linkers and semidilute entangled solutions of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) is reported. The steady shear behavior of the networks depends on the dissociation rate and association rate of the cross-linkers, the concentration of cross-linkers, and the concentration of the polymer solution. The divergent steady shear behavior-shear thinning versus shear thickening-of samples with identical structure but different cross-linker dynamics (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 1683-1686) is further explored in this paper. The divergent steady shear behavior for networks with different cross-linkers is connected to a competition between different time scales: the average time that a cross-linker remains open (τ(1)) and the local relaxation time of a segment of polymer chain (τ(segment)). When τ(1) is larger than τ(segment), shear thickening is observed. When τ(1) is smaller than τ(segment), only shear thinning is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0346
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84
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Niu Z, Huang F, Gibson HW. Supramolecular AA−BB-Type Linear Polymers with Relatively High Molecular Weights via the Self-Assembly of Bis(m-phenylene)-32-Crown-10 Cryptands and a Bisparaquat Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2836-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110384v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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85
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Padhy H, Sahu D, Chiang IH, Patra D, Kekuda D, Chu CW, Lin HC. Synthesis and applications of main-chain Ru(ii) metallo-polymers containing bis-terpyridyl ligands with various benzodiazole cores for solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Katoono R, Kobayashi Y, Yamaguchi M, Yui N. Heat-induced Supramolecular Crosslinking of Dumbbell-shaped PEG with β-CD Dimer Based on Reversible Loose-fit Rotaxanation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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87
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Appel EA, Biedermann F, Rauwald U, Jones ST, Zayed JM, Scherman OA. Supramolecular Cross-Linked Networks via Host−Guest Complexation with Cucurbit[8]uril. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14251-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106362w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Appel
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Rauwald
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jameel M. Zayed
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Xu D, Craig SL. Multiple Dynamic Processes Contribute to the Complex Steady Shear Behavior of Cross-Linked Supramolecular Networks of Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2010; 1:1683-1686. [PMID: 20606721 PMCID: PMC2894477 DOI: 10.1021/jz1004818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular theories of shear thickening and shear thinning in associative polymer networks are typically united in that they involve a single kinetic parameter that describes the network -- a relaxation time that is related to the lifetime of the associative bonds. Here we report the steady-shear behavior of two structurally identical metallo-supramolecular polymer networks, for which single-relaxation parameter models break down in dramatic fashion. The networks are formed by the addition of reversible cross-linkers to semidilute entangled solutions of PVP in DMSO, and they differ only in the lifetime of the reversible cross-links. Shear thickening is observed for cross-linkers that have a slower dissociation rate (17 s(-1)), while shear thinning is observed for samples that have a faster dissociation rate (ca. 1400 s(-1)). The difference in the steady shear behavior of the unentangled vs. entangled regime reveals an unexpected, additional competing relaxation, ascribed to topological disentanglement in the semidilute entangled regime that contributes to the rheological properties.
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