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Rychter P, Biczak R, Herman B, Smyłła A, Kurcok P, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M. Environmental Degradation of Polyester Blends Containing Atactic Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Biodegradation in Soil and Ecotoxicological Impact. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:3125-31. [PMID: 17096541 DOI: 10.1021/bm060708r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate], a-PHB, binary blends with natural PHB (n-PHB) and poly(L-lactic acid), PLLA, respectively, has been investigated in soil. In such a natural environment, a-PHB blend component was found to biodegrade. The degradation of a-PHB-containing blends proceeded faster than that of respective plain n-PHB and PLLA. The molecular weight decrease of the n-PHB component was higher, while the same rate of bioerosion of both components was observed for the a-PHB/n-PHB binary blend. For the a-PHB blend with PLLA, the weight loss was accompanied by blend composition changes and the decrease of a-PHB content. However, the PLLA molecular weight decrease was lower in the blend in comparison with the plain PLLA sample. The increase of the number of microorganisms particularly observed for the soil where binary blends were incubated indicates that microbial degradation of a-PHB takes place. The terrestrial plant growth test (cress and barley) demonstrates no environmental toxicity of the materials studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rychter
- Institute of Chemistry and Environment Protection, Jan Długosz University, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Avenue, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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52
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Pillin I, Montrelay N, Grohens Y. Thermo-mechanical characterization of plasticized PLA: Is the miscibility the only significant factor? POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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53
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Mahalik JP, Madras G. Enzymatic degradation of poly(D,L-lactide) and its blends with poly(vinyl acetate). J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Xu J, Guo BH, Zhou JJ, Li L, Wu J, Kowalczuk M. Observation of banded spherulites in pure poly(l-lactide) and its miscible blends with amorphous polymers. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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56
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Gonzalez A, Irusta L, Fernández-Berridi M, Iriarte M, Iruin J. Application of pyrolysis/gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TGA techniques in the study of thermal degradation of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate). Polym Degrad Stab 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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57
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Liu X, Li C, Guan G, Yuan X, Xiao Y, Zhang D. Crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(butylene succinate) modified with rosin maleopimaric acid anhydride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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58
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Park JW, Doi Y, Iwata T. Uniaxial Drawing and Mechanical Properties of Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]/Poly(l-lactic acid) Blends. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:1557-66. [PMID: 15244478 DOI: 10.1021/bm049905l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blends of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with two kinds of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) having different molecular weights, commercial-grade bacterial PHB (bacterial-PHB) and ultrahigh molecular weight PHB (UHMW-PHB), were prepared by the solvent-casting method and uniaxially drawn at two drawing temperatures, around PHB's T(g) (2 degrees C) for PHB-rich blends and around PLLA's T(g) (60 degrees C) for PLLA-rich blends. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that this system was immiscible over the entire composition range. Mechanical properties of all of the samples were improved in proportion to the draw ratio. Although PLLA domains in bacterial-PHB-rich blends remained almost unstretched during cold drawing, a good interfacial adhesion between two polymers and the reinforcing role of PLLA components led to enhanced mechanical properties proportionally to the PLLA content at the same draw ratio. On the contrary, in the case of UHMW-PHB-rich blends, the minor component PLLA was found to be also oriented by cold drawing in ice water due to an increase in the interfacial entanglements caused by the very long chain length of the matrix polymer. As a result, their mechanical properties were considerably improved with increasing PLLA content compared with the bacterial-PHB system. Scanning electron microscopy observations on the surface and cross-section revealed that a layered structure with uniformly oriented microporous in the interior was obtained by selectively removal of PLLA component after simple alkaline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wuk Park
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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59
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Kikkawa Y, Fujita M, Abe H, Doi Y. Effect of Water on the Surface Molecular Mobility of Poly(lactide) Thin Films: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:1187-93. [PMID: 15244429 DOI: 10.1021/bm0345007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical properties associated with molecular mobility on the surface of thin films with 300 nm thickness for poly(lactide)s (PLAs) were studied under vacuum conditions as well as under aqueous conditions by using friction force mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two types of PLAs were applied for the experimental samples as uncrystallizable PLA (uc-PLA) and crystallizable PLA (c-PLA). The friction force on the surface of thin films was measured as a function of temperature to assess the surface molecular mobility both under vacuum and under aqueous conditions. A lower glass-transition temperature of the uc-PLA surface in water was detected than that under vacuum conditions. In the case of the c-PLA thin film, change in friction force was detected at a lower temperature under aqueous conditions than in vacuo. A morphological change was observed in the c-PLA thin film during heating process from room temperature to 100 degrees C by temperature-controlled AFM. The surface of the c-PLA thin film became rough due to the cold crystallization, and the crystallization of c-PLA molecules in water took place at a lower temperature than in vacuo. These friction force measurements and AFM observations suggest that molecular motion on the surface of the both uc- and c-PLA thin films is enhanced in the presence of water molecules. In addition, in situ AFM observation of the enzymatic degradation process for the c-PLA thin film crystallized at 160 degrees C was carried out in buffer solution containing proteinase K at room temperature. The amorphous region around the hexagonal crystal was eroded within 15 min. It has been suggested that the adsorption of water molecules on the PLA film surface enhances the surface molecular mobility of the glassy amorphous region of PLA and induces the enzymatic hydrolysis by proteinase K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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60
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Glass transition and the rigid amorphous phase in semicrystalline blends of bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate PHB with low molecular mass atactic R, S-PHB-diol. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Gazzano M, Focarete ML, Riekel C, Scandola M. Structural Study of Poly(l-lactic acid) Spherulites. Biomacromolecules 2003; 5:553-8. [PMID: 15003020 DOI: 10.1021/bm0343951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spherulites of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and of its blends with atactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (a-PHB, from 10 to 75 wt %) were investigated by microfocus X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Radial scans in 5 microm steps with 3 microm beam diameter were performed. In PLLA, tens of identical diffraction images were collected. The unit cell a-axis was radially oriented, and the other axes lacked any specific orientation. In contrast, all PLLA/a-PHB blends showed a periodic change of diffraction pattern with increasing distance from the spherulite center. In all cases, the a-axis lay along the radius, while the b- and c-axes rotated about a with a defined periodicity. The unit cell twisting frequency increased with a-PHB content and closely matched the band spacing observed by polarized optical microscopy, which changed from 250 to 60 microm when the amount of a-PHB increased from 10 to 75 wt %. Concomitantly, a gradual broadening of all X-ray reflections was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gazzano
- Department of Chemistry G Ciamician and ISOF CNR, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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62
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Baiardo M, Frisoni G, Scandola M, Rimelen M, Lips D, Ruffieux K, Wintermantel E. Thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized poly(L-lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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63
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Tang YW, Labow RS, Revenko I, Santerre JP. Influence of surface morphology and chemistry on the enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of polycarbonate-urethanes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 13:463-83. [PMID: 12160304 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320253965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbonate based polyurethanes were synthesized with varying hard segment content as well as hard segment chemistry based on three different diisocyanates,1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), 4.4'-methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and 4,4-methylene biscyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI). The surface chemistry and morphology were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymers were incubated with cholesterol esterase (CE) in a phosphate buffer solution at 37 degrees C over 10 weeks. XPS results showed that the surface chemistry changed as the size and chemistry of the hard segment varied within the materials. AFM images exhibited distinctive surface morphologies for all polymers, and this was particularly apparent with changes in the hard segment chemistry. The results showed that the surface of HDI polymers consisted of relatively stiff rod-like structures, which corresponded to the soft segment domains. Polymers with a higher HDI content exhibited a dense top layer containing a relatively higher hard segment component, covering the sub-surface matrix of rod like structures. The MDI based polyurethane had large aggregates on its top surface, which corresponded to the aggregation of harder components. The HMDI based polycarbonate-urethane presented a relatively homogeneous surface where no phase separation could be detected. The relative differences in hard and soft segment content in their surface structure was supported by XPS findings. The analysis of the biodegradation results, concluded that enzyme catalyzed biodegradation within these materials was initiated in amorphous soft segment regions located in the region of the interface between hard and soft segments. A higher hard segment content at the surface contributed significantly to an increase in biostability. The findings provided an enhanced understanding for the role of surface molecular structure in the enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of polyurethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Tang
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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64
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65
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Na YH, He Y, Nishiwaki T, Inagawa Y, Osanai Y, Matsumura S, Saito T, Doi Y, Inoue Y. Phase-separation enhanced enzymatic degradation of atactic poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutyrate) in the blends with poly(methyl methacrylate). Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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66
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Focarete ML, Scandola M, Dobrzynski P, Kowalczuk M. Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of Blends of (l)-Lactide Copolymers with Atactic Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020940z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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67
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Wang Y, Inagawa Y, Osanai Y, Kasuya KI, Saito T, Matsumura S, Doi Y, Inoue Y. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chemosynthesized atactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerase from Acidovorax Sp. TP4 and Ralstonia pickettii T1. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:894-8. [PMID: 12217032 DOI: 10.1021/bm020052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic degradability of chemosynthesized atactic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) [a-P(3HB)] by two types of extracellular poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) depolymerases purified from Ralstonia pickettii T1 (PhaZ(ral)) and Acidovorax Sp. TP4 (PhaZ(aci)), defined respectively as PHA depolymerase types I and II according to the position of the lipase box in the catalytic domain, were studied. The enzymatic degradation of a-P(3HB) by PhaZ(aci) depolymerase was confirmed from the results of weight loss and the scanning electron micrographs. The degradation products were characterized by one- and two-dimension (1)H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that a-P(3HB) could be degraded into monomer, dimer, and trimer by PhaZ(aci) depolymerase at temperatures ranging from 4 to 20 degrees C, while a-P(3HB) could hardly be hydrolyzed by PhaZ(ral) depolymerase in the same temperature range. These results suggested that the chemosynthesized a-P(3HB) could be degraded in the pure state by natural PHA depolymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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68
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Freier T, Kunze C, Nischan C, Kramer S, Sternberg K, Sass M, Hopt UT, Schmitz KP. In vitro and in vivo degradation studies for development of a biodegradable patch based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Biomaterials 2002; 23:2649-57. [PMID: 12059014 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For the development of a resorbable gastrointestinal patch, the in vitro degradation of solution-cast films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), modifications of PHB expected to influence its degradation time, as well a poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) was examined. The molecular weight of pure PHB decreased by one-half after 1 year in buffer solution (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Acceleration in molecular weight decrease was observed by blending with atactic PHB, whereas no influence was found with low-molecular weight PHB. Leaching of a water-soluble additive led to a slight acceleration of PHB degradability. In contrast, a deceleration in degradation rate was observed with the addition of a hydrophobic plasticizer. In vitro tests indicated an accelerating effect of pancreatin on PHB degradation, whereas PLLA degradation remained essentially uninfluenced. In comparison to simple hydrolysis, the degradation rate of PHB was accelerated about threefold. From the in vitro results, a PHB/atactic PHB blend was selected for repair of a bowel defect in Wistar rats. A patch film was fabricated by a dipping/leaching method. Twenty-six weeks post-implantation, material remnants were found in only one of four animals. The bowel defects were closed in all cases. It could be assessed that the patch material resists the intestinal secretions for a sufficiently long time but that it finally degrades completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Freier
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany.
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69
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Shuai X, Porbeni FE, Wei M, Bullions T, Tonelli AE. Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with Cyclodextrins. 1. Immobilization of Atactic Poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutyrate) and Miscibility Enhancement between Poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011954s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Shuai
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Francis E. Porbeni
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Min Wei
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Todd Bullions
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Alan E. Tonelli
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
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70
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71
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He Y, Shuai X, Kasuya K, Doi Y, Inoue Y. Enzymatic degradation of atactic poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutyrate) induced by amorphous polymers and the enzymatic degradation temperature window of an amorphous polymer system. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:1045-51. [PMID: 11710008 DOI: 10.1021/bm010087w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phase structure and biodegradability were investigated for amorphous blends of chemosynthetic fully amorphous atactic poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutyrate) (a-PHB) with atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and atactic poly(R,S-lactide) (a-PLA). The differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis indicated that a-PHB/PMMA blends were partially miscible while a-PHB/a-PLA blends were miscible in the studied composition range. The biodegradations of the blends were carried out in phosphate buffer solution in the presence of bacterial poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) extracellular depolymerases purified from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 and P. stutzeri. Although a-PHB in the pure state was not degraded by these depolymerase, it was degraded by blending with PMMA and a-PLA. The results demonstrated that the enzymatic degradation of a-PHB can be induced by amorphous polymers such as PMMA and a-PLA. Also, the biodegradation rate of a-PHB in the blends decreased drastically when the degradation temperature is too much away from the polymer glass transition temperatures. On the basis of these results, a temperature window of the enzymatic degradation was first proposed for the blend and the essence of induced degradation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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72
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Gan Z, Abe H, Doi Y. Biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES). 1. Crystal growth kinetics and morphology. Biomacromolecules 2002; 1:704-12. [PMID: 11710201 DOI: 10.1021/bm0000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystal growth rates of melt-crystallized poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 21,100 and polydispersity of 1.86, respectively, were studied in an extensive temperature range. On the basis of secondary nucleation theory, only one transition between regime III and regime II was found at around 71 degrees C, but no transition of regime II-->I was detected by kinetic analysis. The ratio of nucleation constants KgIII in regime III to KgII in regime II was influenced by the value of activation energy U*, and tended to 2 as predicted by the theory when U* was set as 3688 cal/mol. The morphological changes at spherulitic level and lamellar level in regime II and regime III were examined by using an optical microscope (OM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Although spherulitic morphologies were found in both regime II and regime III by optical microscopy, further investigations made by following the crystallization process using OM and by checking the lamellar morphology using AFM revealed morphological changes during the crystal growth process and different crystal morphologies in regime II and regime III. Meanwhile by using ultrathin film (approximately 100 nm in thickness), the morphology of lamellar crystals of lozenge-shape outline and composed of single crystals has been studied by AFM technique. The results indicate that there is indeed a transition from regime II to regime III at around 71 degrees C for the isothermal crystallization of PES with an increasing degree of undercooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gan
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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73
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Hakkarainen M. Aliphatic Polyesters: Abiotic and Biotic Degradation and Degradation Products. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45734-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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74
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Handrick R, Reinhardt S, Focarete ML, Scandola M, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M, Jendrossek D. A new type of thermoalkalophilic hydrolase of Paucimonas lemoignei with high specificity for amorphous polyesters of short chain-length hydroxyalkanoic acids. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:36215-24. [PMID: 11457823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel type of hydrolase was purified from culture fluid of Paucimonas (formerly Pseudomonas) lemoignei. Biochemical characterization revealed an unusual substrate specificity of the purified enzyme for amorphous poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) such as native granules of natural poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or poly((R)-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV), artificial cholate-coated granules of natural PHB or PHV, atactic poly((R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate), and oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) with six or more 3HB units. The enzyme has the unique property to recognize the physical state of the polymeric substrate by discrimination between amorphous PHA (good substrate) and denatured, partially crystalline PHA (no substrate). The pentamers of 3HB or 3HV were identified as the main products of enzymatic hydrolysis of native PHB or PHV, respectively. No activity was found with any denatured PHA, oligomers of (R)-3HB with five or less 3HB units, poly(6-hydroxyhexanoate), substrates of lipases such as tributyrin or triolein, substrates for amidases/nitrilases, DNA, RNA, casein, N-alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine-4-nitranilide, or starch. The purified enzyme (M(r) 36,209) was remarkably stable and active at high temperature (60 degrees C), high pH (up to 12.0), low ionic strength (distilled water), and in solvents (e.g. n-propyl alcohol). The depolymerase contained no essential SH groups or essential disulfide bridges and was insensitive to high concentrations of ionic (SDS) and nonionic (Triton and Tween) detergents. Characterization of the cloned structural gene (phaZ7) and the DNA-deduced amino acid sequence revealed no homologies to any PHB depolymerase or any other sequence of data banks except for a short sequence related to the active site serine of serine hydrolases. A classification of the enzyme into a new family (family 9) of carboxyesterases (Arpigny, J. L., and Jaeger, K.-E. (1999) Biochem. J. 343, 177-183) is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Handrick
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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75
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Tang YW, Labow RS, Santerre JP. Enzyme-induced biodegradation of polycarbonate polyurethanes: dependence on hard-segment concentration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2001; 56:516-28. [PMID: 11400129 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20010915)56:4<516::aid-jbm1123>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbonate-based polyurethanes with varying hard segment contents were synthesized. The physical and chemical structures were characterized by using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, water uptake testing, Fourier transform infrared, and attenuated total reflectance--Fourier transform infrared. The polymers were incubated with cholesterol esterase in a phosphate buffer solution at 37 degrees C over 10 weeks. A higher resistance to hydrolytic degradation was observed in polycarbonate-based urethanes with higher hard segment content. The analysis of the material structures revealed that the degradation of polycarbonate-based urethanes was preferentially initiated at non-hydrogen-bonded carbonates and urethanes. Although the crystallinity of the polycarbonate soft segment may contribute to reducing the hydrolytic degradation catalyzed by cholesterol esterase, it was found to be relatively minor in comparison to the importance of hydrogen bonding between the carbonate and urethane groups. These observations suggest that the biostability of polyurethanes and specifically polycarbonate-based polyurethanes can be improved by manipulating the degree of hydrogen bonding within the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Tang
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1G6
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76
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Jendrossek D. Microbial degradation of polyesters. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 71:293-325. [PMID: 11217416 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-40021-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyesters, such as microbially produced poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] [poly(3HB)], other poly[(R)-hydroxyalkanoic acids] [poly(HA)] and related biosynthetic or chemosynthetic polyesters are a class of polymers that have potential applications as thermoplastic elastomers. In contrast to poly(ethylene) and similar polymers with saturated, non-functionalized carbon backbones, poly(HA) can be biodegraded to water, methane, and/or carbon dioxide. This review provides an overview of the microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of poly(HA) biodegradation. In particular, the properties of extracellular and intracellular poly(HA) hydrolyzing enzymes [poly(HA) depolymerases] are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jendrossek
- Institut für Mikrobiologie der Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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He Y, Shuai X, Cao A, Kasuya KI, Doi Y, Inoue Y. Enzymatic biodegradation of synthetic atactic poly( R , S -3-hydroxybutyrate) enhanced by an amorphous nonbiodegradable polymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sudesh K, Abe H, Doi Y. Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates: biological polyesters. Prog Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(00)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1569] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He Y, Shuai X, Cao A, Kasuya KI, Doi Y, Inoue Y. Enzymatic biodegradation of chemosynthetic atactic P(3HB) enhanced by an amorphous non-biodegradable polymer: blend of atactic P(3HB) with PMMA. Macromol Rapid Commun 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3927(20001201)21:18<1277::aid-marc1277>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hiki S, Miyamoto M, Kimura Y. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxy-terminated [RS]-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and its utilization to block copolymerization with l -lactide to obtain a biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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81
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Ohkoshi I, Abe H, Doi Y. Miscibility and solid-state structures for blends of poly[(S)-lactide] with atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate]. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sélembaron J, Marcincinova-Benabdillah K, Braud C, Vert M. Capillary zone electrophoresis to study the hydrolytic degradation of a novel gluconic/glycolic/lactic acid copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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83
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Focarete ML, Scandola M, Jendrossek D, Adamus G, Sikorska W, Kowalczuk M. Bioassimilation of Atactic Poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] Oligomers by Selected Bacterial Strains. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Arslan H, Adamus G, Hazer B, Kowalczuk M. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry of poly. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 1999; 13:2433-2438. [PMID: 10589090 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19991230)13:24<2433::aid-rcm808>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of polymer end-capping reactions with the aid of electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry techniques (ESI-MS(n)) allows characterisation of novel poly[(R, S)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid]-(a-PHB) telechelics, containing primary hydroxyl groups at both polymer chain ends. The chemical structures of individual mass-selected macromolecules of the well-defined a-PHB telechelics have been defined in this way, and fragmentation mechanisms have been proposed. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arslan
- Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Department of Chemistry, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
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