51
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Soni S, Ye G, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Asyuda A, Zharnikov M, Hong W, Chiechi RC. Understanding the Role of Parallel Pathways via In‐Situ Switching of Quantum Interference in Molecular Tunneling Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Present address: Microsystems Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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52
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Chen R, Sharony I, Nitzan A. Local Atomic Heat Currents and Classical Interference in Single-Molecule Heat Conduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4261-4268. [PMID: 32375004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider interference effects in vibrational heat conduction across single-molecule junctions. Previous theoretical descriptions of such effects have relied on the quantum Landauer-type expression for heat transport by harmonic molecules, and such observations are sometimes termed "quantum interference". Here we demonstrate via classical atomistic simulations of heat conduction in benzenedithiol single-molecule junctions that the room-temperature effect is essentially classical. In fact, classical simulations and quantum evaluation of room-temperature heat conduction in these systems yield similar results. Simulations of para-, meta-, and ortho-connected benzenedithiols between gold substrates yield conductions in the order para > ortho > meta, which is similar to trends found in the electronic conduction of these structures. The (essentially classical) interference origin of this ordering is indicated by the similarity of the quantum and classical behaviors of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Inon Sharony
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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53
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Ramakrishnan R. Charge-transfer selectivity and quantum interference in real-time electron dynamics: Gaining insights from time-dependent configuration interaction simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raghunathan Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500107, India
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54
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Liu Y, Zhong M, Downey EF, Chen X, Li T, Nørgaard K, Wei Z. Temperature dependence of charge transport in solid-state molecular junctions based on oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:164001. [PMID: 31891933 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of molecular electronics is to achieve practical applications. For approaching the target, we have successfully fabricated solid-state junctions based on oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) and cruciform OPEs with extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) (OPE3 and OPE3-TTF) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with a diamine anchoring group. SAMs were confined in micropores with gold substrates to ensure well-defined device surface areas. The transport properties were conducted on a double-junction layout, which the rGO films used for top contacts and interconnects between adjacent SAMs. The solid-state devices based on OPE3-TTF SAMs showed the expected higher conductance under ambient conditions because of the incorporation of a TTF moiety. The two devices displayed varying degrees of temperature dependence with decreasing temperature, which resulted from the cross-conjugated OPE3-TTF molecule exhibiting quantum interference while the linear-conjugated OPE3 molecule did not. This study shows the temperature dependence of the electrical properties of molecular devices based on cruciform OPEs, further enriching the research results of functional molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China. Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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55
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Gunasekaran S, Greenwald JE, Venkataraman L. Visualizing Quantum Interference in Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2843-2848. [PMID: 32142291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport across a molecular junction is characterized by an energy-dependent transmission function. The transmission function accounts for electrons tunneling through multiple molecular orbitals (MOs) with different phases, which gives rise to quantum interference (QI) effects. Because the transmission function comprises both interfering and noninterfering effects, individual interferences between MOs cannot be deduced from the transmission function directly. Herein, we demonstrate how the transmission function can be deconstructed into its constituent interfering and noninterfering contributions for any model molecular junction. These contributions are arranged in a matrix and displayed pictorially as a QI map, which allows one to easily identify individual QI effects. Importantly, we show that exponential conductance decay with increasing oligomer length is primarily due to an increase in destructive QI. With an ability to "see" QI effects using the QI map, we find that QI is vital to all molecular-scale electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Julia E Greenwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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56
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Nematiaram T, Asgari A, Mayou D. Impact of electron-phonon coupling on the quantum yield of photovoltaic devices. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044109. [PMID: 32007052 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In describing the charge carriers' separation mechanism in the organic solar cell, providing a method, which considers the impact of all parameters of interest on the same footing within an inexpensive numerical effort, could play an essential role. We use here a simple tight-binding model to describe the dissociation of the charge carriers and investigate their dependence on the physical parameters of the system. We demonstrate that the quantum yield of the cell is subtly controlled by the collective action of the Coulomb interaction of the electron-hole pair, electron-phonon coupling, and the geminate recombination of the charge carriers. This approach should help us understand the performance of organic solar cells and optimize their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nematiaram
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38042, France
| | - Asghar Asgari
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51665-163, Iran
| | - Didier Mayou
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38042, France
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57
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Saraiva-Souza A, Smeu M, Guo H. Reassessing destructive quantum interference in azulene-based devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3653-3660. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We show that the different anchoring moieties on azulene based devices are more relevant for the occurrence of destructive QI than the coupling position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Smeu
- Department of Physics
- Binghamton University
- State University of New York
- Binghamton
- USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Centre for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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58
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Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Fu B, Schatz GC, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Quantum Interference and Substantial Property Tuning in Conjugated Z- ortho-Regio-Resistive Organic (ZORRO) Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8956-8963. [PMID: 31682761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherence is a significant factor in nanoscale electronic insulator technology and necessitates an understanding of the structure-property relationship between constructive and destructive quantum interference. This is particularly important in organic dielectric circuitry, which is the subject of this work. It is known that molecular wires composed of (i) meta-substituted phenylene rings, (ii) cross-conjugated double bonds (orthogonal to the molecular long axis), and (iii) single bonds can dramatically reduce electrical transmission. Here we add to these tools the use of an unexplored molecular shape to create strong and counterintuitive interference: a fully conjugated molecular wire with a structure that is forced back on itself in a Z shape, thereby exhibiting remarkably low conductance (G = 0.43 × 10-9 S) even though the phenylene arrangements are ortho- rather than meta-disposed. We call these Z-shaped molecules having ultralow conduction Z-ortho-regio-resistive organics (ZORROs). Here we analyze a series of ZORRO molecules and find them to have significant insulating properties in the coherent electron-transport regime due to interfering transmission pathways in the phenylene rings. Importantly, we find that both electron-withdrawing (fluorine) and electron-donating (methoxy) substituents enhance the transmission, which is not desirable. The former is due to the suppression of the destructive quantum interference at the F site, thereby enhancing the overall transmission, much like a Büttiker probe. The latter is due to a methoxy unit resonance additive effect, akin to oxygen doping, and positively contributes to the transmission. We then examine the effects of replacing the phenylene rings with 4,5- and 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes and how this ZORRO modification further reduces the transmission. An ultralow conductance of 0.13 × 10-9 S and a relatively high dielectric constant (εr) of ∼5 are predicted for the 3,4-thiophene ZORRO derivative, which closely resembles two cross-conjugated units, making it an intriguing candidate for a gate dielectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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59
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Nonmagnetic single-molecule spin-filter based on quantum interference. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5565. [PMID: 31804498 PMCID: PMC6895237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Key spin transport phenomena, including magnetoresistance and spin transfer torque, cannot be activated without spin-polarized currents, in which one electron spin is dominant. At the nanoscale, the relevant length-scale for modern spintronics, spin current generation is rather limited due to unwanted contributions from poorly spin-polarized frontier states in ferromagnetic electrodes, or too short length-scales for efficient spin splitting by spin-orbit interaction and magnetic fields. Here, we show that spin-polarized currents can be generated in silver-vanadocene-silver single molecule junctions without magnetic components or magnetic fields. In some cases, the measured spin currents approach the limit of ideal ballistic spin transport. Comparison between conductance and shot-noise measurements to detailed calculations reveals a mechanism based on spin-dependent quantum interference that yields very efficient spin filtering. Our findings pave the way for nanoscale spintronics based on quantum interference, with the advantages of low sensitivity to decoherence effects and the freedom to use non-magnetic materials.
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60
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Haidar EA, Tawfik SA, Stampfl C, Hirao K, Yoshizawa K, El-Demerdash SH, Nakajima T, El-Nahas AM. Electronic transport investigation of redox-switching of azulenequinones/hydroquinones via first-principles studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17859-17867. [PMID: 31378789 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The redox switching of non-alternant azulenequinone/hydroquinone molecules is investigated using density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function. We examined the electronic transport properties of these molecules when subtended between gold electrodes. The results indicated that the reduction of 1,5-azulenequinone and oxidation of 1,7-azulene hydroquinone 2,6-dithiolate lead to a significant enhancement of the current compared to the respective oxidation of 1,5-azulene hydroquinone and reduction of 1,7-azulenequinone, thus "switching on" the transmission. The significance of the position of the functional group on the switching behavior has been analyzed and whether destructive quantum interference exists in the electron transport of the 1,5 position in particular has been addressed. Our work provides theoretical foundations for organic redox switching components in nanoelectronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Abed Haidar
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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61
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Li Y, Yu X, Zhen Y, Dong H, Hu W. Transmission mechanism and quantum interference in fused thienoacenes coupling to Au electrodes through the thiophene rings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16293-16301. [PMID: 31304481 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
So far, quantum interference in molecular devices where the anchors are inseparable parts of the whole molecule has been seldom discussed. In this article, we perform first-principles calculations on the electronic transmission properties of a series of Au-thienoacene-Au junctions where the molecule interacts with electrodes through the S atoms in thiophene rings in a fused-ring system. The calculated binding energy of the Au-S interaction is highly dependent on the substitution sites of the thiophene rings, which agrees with the experimental report that the Au-S interaction is too weak to form a junction for some molecules. The electronic coupling at the molecule-electrode contact is also affected by the molecular structure. To distinguish the coupling mechanism, we show the importance of investigating the electron distribution of frontier molecular orbitals in combination with the percentage of the π system in the partial density of states on the S atoms. Because of the difference in electronic coupling, comparison between molecules should be done with care. On the other hand, conductance suppression due to the destructive quantum interference originating from the molecular topology is demonstrated by comparing the properties of isomers with similar molecule-electrode coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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62
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Šebera J, Lindner M, Gasior J, Mészáros G, Fuhr O, Mayor M, Valášek M, Kolivoška V, Hromadová M. Tuning the contact conductance of anchoring groups in single molecule junctions by molecular design. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12959-12964. [PMID: 31259338 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A tetraphenylmethane tripod functionalized with three thiol moieties in the para position can serve as a supporting platform for functional molecular electronic elements. A combined experimental scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique with theoretical approaches based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function formalism was used for detailed charge transport analysis to find configurations, geometries and charge transport pathways in the molecular junctions of single molecule oligo-1,4-phenylene conductors containing this tripodal anchoring group. The effect of molecular length (n = 1 to 4 repeating phenylene units) on the charge transport properties and junction configurations is addressed. The number of covalent attachments between the electrode and the tripodal platform changes with n affecting the contact conductance of the junction. The longest homologue n = 4 adopts an upright configuration with all three para thiolate moieties of the tripod attached to the gold electrode. The contact conductance of the tetraphenylmethane tripod substituted by thiols in the para position is higher than that substituted in the meta position. Such molecular arrangement is highly conducting and allows well-defined directional positioning of a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šebera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jindřich Gasior
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Gábor Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HAS, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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63
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Liu J, Segal D. Interplay of Direct and Indirect Charge-Transfer Pathways in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6099-6110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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64
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Oyama Y, Kawano R, Tanaka Y, Akita M. Dinuclear ruthenium acetylide complexes with diethynylated anthrahydroquinone and anthraquinone frameworks: a multi-stimuli-responsive organometallic switch. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7432-7441. [PMID: 31066424 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anthrahydroquinone (AHQ)/anthraquinone (AQ) system is of particular interest as a molecular switching system for molecule-based devices because AHQ and AQ can be interconverted by redox stimuli and their π-conjugated systems are distinct from each other. To date, however, a way to modify and/or functionalize the switching behavior based on the AHQ/AQ system is still limited. In the present contribution, the synthesis and properties of multi-responsive dinuclear molecular switches having Ru(dppe)2 fragments bridged by the diethynylated diacetoxyanthracene (AcAHQ) and AQ units (μ-AcAHQ/AQ){C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ru(R)(dppe)2}2 (R = Cl, C4TMS) are presented. The terminal Ru(dppe)2 fragments are redox-active and, therefore, the intermetallic interaction can be estimated by electrochemical as well as IVCT band analysis. As a result, the organometallic AcAHQ/AQ-Ru system turns out to be an effective bimodal molecular switch, which is triggered not only by redox stimuli but also by pH stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Oyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Reo Kawano
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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65
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Tsuji Y, Estrada E. Influence of long-range interactions on quantum interference in molecular conduction. A tight-binding (Hückel) approach. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204123. [PMID: 31153184 DOI: 10.1063/1.5097330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
When certain pairs of atoms in a π-conjugated molecule are connected with nanometer-scale source and drain electrodes, the remarkable quantum interference (QI) effect may arise. In this case, the electron transmission probability is significantly suppressed due to the QI effect. Tight-binding approaches, such as the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) model, have revealed important features of this quantum phenomenon. However, important deviations from experiments and from more sophisticated calculations are known for a variety of cases. Here, we propose an extension of the HMO method to include non-nearest-neighbor interactions. Such long-range interactions (LRIs) are implemented in the HMO model in the form of a damping function that decays as the topological distance-the number of bonds separating two atoms-gets larger. The proposed model is further developed so that a geometric modification, i.e., the rotation around a single bond, can be taken into account. Our results show that LRI affects both the location of the antiresonance peak due to QI and the intensity of QI, even suppressing it in some cases. These results agree well with what was observed in a Density Functional based Tight-Binding (DFTB) study reported in the literature. These properties can be interpreted on the basis of a graph-theoretic path-counting model as well as the molecular orbital theory. In addition, the geometric LRI model is shown to reproduce the change of transmission as a function of rotation around the single bond separating two benzene rings in biphenyl, in agreement with what was observed in both experiment and DFTB calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ernesto Estrada
- Institute of Mathematics and Applications (IUMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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66
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Carlotti M, Soni S, Qiu X, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Systematic experimental study of quantum interference effects in anthraquinoid molecular wires. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2018-2028. [PMID: 31304460 PMCID: PMC6592160 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to translate molecular properties in molecular-electronic devices, it is necessary to create design principles that can be used to achieve better structure-function control oriented toward device fabrication. In molecular tunneling junctions, cross-conjugation tends to give rise to destructive quantum interference effects that can be tuned by changing the electronic properties of the molecules. We performed a systematic study of the tunneling charge-transport properties of a series of compounds characterized by an identical cross-conjugated anthraquinoid molecular skeleton but bearing different substituents at the 9 and 10 positions that affect the energies and localization of their frontier orbitals. We compared the experimental results across three different experimental platforms in both single-molecule and large-area junctions and found a general agreement. Combined with theoretical models, these results separate the intrinsic properties of the molecules from platform-specific effects. This work is a step towards explicit synthetic control over tunneling charge transport targeted at specific functionality in (proto-)devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands .
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands .
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands .
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands .
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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67
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Li Y, Buerkle M, Li G, Rostamian A, Wang H, Wang Z, Bowler DR, Miyazaki T, Xiang L, Asai Y, Zhou G, Tao N. Gate controlling of quantum interference and direct observation of anti-resonances in single molecule charge transport. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:357-363. [PMID: 30742082 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference can profoundly affect charge transport in single molecules, but experiments can usually measure only the conductance at the Fermi energy. Because, in general, the most pronounced features of the quantum interference are not located at the Fermi energy, it is highly desirable to probe charge transport in a broader energy range. Here, by means of electrochemical gating, we measure the conductance and map the transmission functions of single molecules at and around the Fermi energy, and study signatures associated with constructive and destructive interference. With electrochemical gate control, we tune the quantum interference between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and directly observe anti-resonance, a distinct feature of destructive interference. By tuning the molecule in and out of anti-resonance, we achieve continuous control of the conductance over two orders of magnitude with a subthreshold swing of ~17 mV dec-1, features relevant to high-speed and low-power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Li
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Marius Buerkle
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - David R Bowler
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Limin Xiang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Asai
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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68
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Dhakal U, Rai D. Circular current and induced force in a molecular ring junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:125302. [PMID: 30625438 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafd09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We consider bias-induced circular current in a molecular ring junction. It is natural to define circular current as a component of ring current that acts as a sole source of magnetic flux induced in the ring. Alternatively, the bias-induced circular current can also be determined from the magnetic response of the ring junction to an external flux in the zero-flux limit. This leads to determination of bias-induced circular current without actually calculating the bond currents. We also explore the possibility of circular current-induced force rupturing the covalent bonds in the ring leading to ultimate breakdown of the ring junction. Our calculations underscore the reliability problem posed by the current magnification effect in the molecular ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Dhakal
- Department of Physics, Sikkim University, Samdur, East Sikkim, 737102, India
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69
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Gu J, Wu W, Stuyver T, Danovich D, Hoffmann R, Tsuji Y, Shaik S. Cross Conjugation in Polyenes and Related Hydrocarbons: What Can Be Learned from Valence Bond Theory about Single-Molecule Conductance? J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6030-6047. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Danovich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sason Shaik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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70
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On the resilience of magic number theory for conductance ratios of aromatic molecules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3478. [PMID: 30837553 PMCID: PMC6401003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
If simple guidelines could be established for understanding how quantum interference (QI) can be exploited to control the flow of electricity through single molecules, then new functional molecules, which exploit room-temperature QI could be rapidly identified and subsequently screened. Recently it was demonstrated that conductance ratios of molecules with aromatic cores, with different connectivities to electrodes, can be predicted using a simple and easy-to-use "magic number theory." In contrast with counting rules and "curly-arrow" descriptions of destructive QI, magic number theory captures the many forms of constructive QI, which can occur in molecular cores. Here we address the question of how conductance ratios are affected by electron-electron interactions. We find that due to cancellations of opposing trends, when Coulomb interactions and screening due to electrodes are switched on, conductance ratios are rather resilient. Consequently, qualitative trends in conductance ratios of molecules with extended pi systems can be predicted using simple 'non-interacting' magic number tables, without the need for large-scale computations. On the other hand, for certain connectivities, deviations from non-interacting conductance ratios can be significant and therefore such connectivities are of interest for probing the interplay between Coulomb interactions, connectivity and QI in single-molecule electron transport.
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71
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72
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Liu J, Huang X, Wang F, Hong W. Quantum Interference Effects in Charge Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions: Detection, Manipulation, and Application. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:151-160. [PMID: 30500161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects (QIEs), which offer unique opportunities for the fine-tuning of charge transport through molecular building blocks by constructive or destructive quantum interference, have become an emerging area in single-molecule electronics. Benefiting from the QIEs, charge transport through molecular systems can be controlled through minor structural and environmental variations, which cause various charge transport states to be significantly changed from conductive to insulative states and offer promising applications in future functional single-molecule devices. Although QIEs were predicted by theoreticians more than two decades ago, only since 2011 have the challenges in ultralow conductance detection originating from destructive quantum interference been overcome experimentally. Currently, a series of single-molecule conductance investigations have been carried out experimentally to detect constructive and destructive QIEs in charge transport through various types of molecular junctions by altering molecular patterns and connectivities. Furthermore, the use of QIEs to tune the properties of charge transport through single-molecule junctions using external gating shows vital potential in future molecular electronic devices. The experimental and theoretical investigations of QIEs offer new fundamental understanding of the structural-electronic relationships in molecular devices and materials at the nanoscale. In this Account, we discuss our progress toward the experimental detection, manipulation, and further application of QIEs in charge transport through single-molecule junctions. These experiments were carried out continuously in our previous group at the University of Bern and in our lab at Xiamen University. As a result of the development of mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) and scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) techniques, we could detect ultralow charge transport through the cross-conjugated anthraquinone center, which was one of the earliest experimental studies of QIEs. In close cooperation with organic chemists and theoretical physicists, we systematically investigated charge transport through single-molecule junctions originating from QIEs in conjugated centers ranging from simple single benzene to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heteroaromatics, and even complicated metalla-aromatics at room temperature. Then we further investigated the quantitative correlation between molecular structure and quantum interference by altering different molecular patterns and connectivities in homologous series of PAHs and heteroatom systems. Additionally, external chemical and electrochemical gating of single-molecule devices can be used for direct QIE manipulation via not only tuning molecular conjugation but also shifting the electrode Fermi level. Our study further suggested that distinguishable differences in conductance resulting from QIEs offer opportunities to detect photothermal reaction kinetics and to recognize isomers at the single-molecule scale. These investigations demonstrate the universality of QIEs in charge transport through various molecular building blocks. Moreover, effective manipulation of QIEs leads to various novel phenomena and promising applications in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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73
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Kröncke S, Herrmann C. Designing Long-Range Charge Delocalization from First-Principles. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:165-177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kröncke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
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74
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Carlotti M, Soni S, Kumar S, Ai Y, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Two-Terminal Molecular Memory through Reversible Switching of Quantum Interference Features in Tunneling Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15681-15685. [PMID: 30260083 PMCID: PMC6283355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Large-area molecular tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers of redox-active molecules are described that exhibit two-terminal bias switching. The as-prepared monolayers undergo partial charge transfer to the underlying metal substrate (Au, Pt, or Ag), which converts their cores from a quinoid to a hydroquinoid form. The resulting rearomatization converts the bond topology from a cross-conjugated to a linearly conjugated π system. The cross-conjugated form correlates to the appearance of an interference feature in the transmission spectrum that vanishes for the linearly conjugated form. Owing to the presence of electron-withdrawing nitrile groups, the reduction potential and the interference feature lie close to the work function and Fermi level of the metallic substrate. We exploited the relationship between conjugation patterns and quantum interference to create nonvolatile memory in proto-devices using eutectic Ga-In as the top contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Yong Ai
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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75
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Cheng N, Chen F, Durkan C, Wang N, He Y, Zhao J. Electron transport behavior of quinoidal heteroacene-based junctions: effective electron-transport pathways and quantum interference. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28860-28870. [PMID: 30420983 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05901b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electron transport behavior through a series of molecular junctions composed of tetracene (TC) and S/O substituted-TC (S/O-TC) has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method. The unique transport behavior has been interpreted using correlated quantum interference and electron transport pathway models. In the TC system, two dominant electron transfer channels exist as demonstrated by a detailed transmission pathway analysis. In the substituted S/O-TC systems, the electron transport behavior is regulated through either constructive or destructive quantum interference due to the existence of additional p-electrons, leading to a significant diversity of current-voltage curves. Compared to the TC molecule in the bias region from 0 to 1.0 V, an α-connected molecular junction exhibits a greater current, whereas a β-connected molecular junction shows a smaller current. The substitution with O and S atoms shows a minor effect on the conductance of the molecular junctions. In order to clarify the role of heteroatoms, a series of artificial models designed by removing specific sulfur and carbon atoms in α-S-TC have been investigated in detail. The results have demonstrated that only the S heteroatom on one side of the molecule contributes to the junction conductivity through constructive quantum interference. It has also been observed that current exchange occurs between the two electron transfer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cheng
- College of Material and Textile Engineering, China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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76
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Alqahtani J, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. Breakdown of Curly Arrow Rules in Anthraquinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15065-15069. [PMID: 30208251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling quantum interference (QI) in single molecules is fundamental to the development of QI-based single-molecule electronics. Simple rules such as counting rules, curly arrow rules (CARs), circuit rules, and more recently magic ratio rules have been developed to predict QI patterns in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CARs are widely used to predict destructive QI. Here we examine the validity of CARs in fully conjugated anthracene and dihydroxyanthracene, cross-conjugated anthraquinone, and broken conjugated dihydroanthracene attached to either graphene or gold electrodes through π-π stacking or thiol and Au-C anchors. For the first time, we demonstrate that CARs break down in molecular junctions formed by cross-conjugated anthraquinone. In contrast with the destructive QI predicted by CARs for a meta-connected anthraquinone core, we demonstrate that QI is constructive. This behavior is independent of the choice of electrode material or anchor groups. This is significant, because by changing the redox state of meta-connected dihydroxyanthracene to form meta-connected anthraquinone, the conductance of the junction increases by a couple of orders of magnitude due to the crossover from constructive to destructive QI. This opens new avenues for realization of QI-based single-molecule switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alqahtani
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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77
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Schäfer J, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Steiner UE, Lambert C. Fine tuning of electron transfer and spin chemistry parameters in triarylamine-bridge-naphthalene diimide dyads by bridge substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27093-27104. [PMID: 30334029 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination in a set of four molecular dyads consisting of a triarylamine donor and a naphthalene diimide acceptor were investigated by time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy with fs and ns time resolution. In these dyads the donor and acceptor are bridged by a meta-conjugated diethynylbenzene bridge whose electronic nature was tuned by small electron donating (OMe, Me) or electron withdrawing (Cl, CN) substituents. While the formation of the transient charge separated states is complete within tens of ps, charge recombination is biphasic with a shorter component of several hundred ns and a longer component of several microseconds. This behaviour could be rationalized by assuming an equilibrium of singlet and triplet charge separated states. Magnetic field dependent measurements showed a strong influence on the biphasic decay kinetics and also a pronounced level crossing effect in the magnetic field affected reaction yield (MARY) spectra caused by a significant exchange coupling. An analysis of the observed kinetics using classical kinetic rate equations yields rate constants for charge separation and charge recombination as well as the exchange interaction splitting in the radical ion pair, all of them showing a delicate dependence on the bridge substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schäfer
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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78
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Carlotti M, Soni S, Kumar S, Ai Y, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Two-Terminal Molecular Memory through Reversible Switching of Quantum Interference Features in Tunneling Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yong Ai
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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79
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Makhoul R, Gluyas JBG, Vincent KB, Sahnoune H, Halet JF, Low PJ, Hamon JR, Lapinte C. Redox Properties of Ferrocenyl Ene-diynyl-Bridged Cp*(dppe)M–C≡C–1,4-(C6H4) Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Makhoul
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josef B. G. Gluyas
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin B. Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université M’Hamed Bougara, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claude Lapinte
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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80
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Gorbatsevich AA, Krasnikov GY, Shubin NM. [Formula: see text]-symmetric interference transistor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15780. [PMID: 30361561 PMCID: PMC6202334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model of the molecular transistor, operation of which is based on the interplay between two physical mechanisms, peculiar to open quantum systems that act in concert: [Formula: see text] -symmetry breaking corresponding to coalescence of resonances at the exceptional point of the molecule, connected to the leads, and Fano-Feshbach antiresonance. This switching mechanism can be realised in particular in a special class of molecules with degenerate energy levels, e.g. diradicals, which possess mirror symmetry. At zero gate voltage infinitesimally small interaction of the molecule with the leads breaks the [Formula: see text] -symmetry of the system that, however, can be restored by application of the gate voltage preserving the mirror symmetry. [Formula: see text] -symmetry broken state at zero gate voltage with minimal transmission corresponds to the "off" state while the [Formula: see text] -symmetric state at non-zero gate voltage with maximum transmission - to the "on" state. At zero gate voltage energy of the antiresonance coincides with exceptional point. We construct a model of an all-electrical molecular switch based on such transistors acting as a conventional CMOS inverter and show that essentially lower power consumption and switching energy can be achieved, compared to the CMOS analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Gorbatsevich
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of solid state physics, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- JSC Molecular Electronics Research Institute, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460 Russia
| | | | - Nikolay M. Shubin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Division of solid state physics, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- JSC Molecular Electronics Research Institute, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460 Russia
- Department of quantum physics and nanoelectronics, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, Moscow 124498 Russia
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81
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Piquero-Zulaica I, Garcia-Lekue A, Colazzo L, Krug CK, Mohammed MSG, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Gottfried JM, de Oteyza DG, Ortega JE, Lobo-Checa J. Electronic Structure Tunability by Periodic meta-Ligand Spacing in One-Dimensional Organic Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10537-10544. [PMID: 30295463 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Designing molecular organic semiconductors with distinct frontier orbitals is key for the development of devices with desirable properties. Generating defined organic nanostructures with atomic precision can be accomplished by on-surface synthesis. We use this "dry" chemistry to introduce topological variations in a conjugated poly( para-phenylene) chain in the form of meta-junctions. As evidenced by STM and LEED, we produce a macroscopically ordered, monolayer thin zigzag chain film on a vicinal silver crystal. These cross-conjugated nanostructures are expected to display altered electronic properties, which are now unraveled by highly complementary experimental techniques (ARPES and STS) and theoretical calculations (DFT and EPWE). We find that meta-junctions dominate the weakly dispersive band structure, while the band gap is tunable by altering the linear segment's length. These periodic topology effects induce significant loss of the electronic coupling between neighboring linear segments leading to partial electron confinement in the form of weakly coupled quantum dots. Such periodic quantum interference effects determine the overall semiconducting character and functionality of the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Claudio K Krug
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona , Spain
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Nasr City , E-11884 Cairo , Egypt
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Dpto. Física Aplicada I , Universidad del País Vasco , E-20018 San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) , CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada , Universidad de Zaragoza , E-50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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82
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Alqahtani J, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. Breakdown of Curly Arrow Rules in Anthraquinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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83
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Tsuji Y, Yoshizawa K. Effects of electron-phonon coupling on quantum interference in polyenes. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5048955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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84
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85
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Chen S, Chen G, Ratner MA. Designing Principles of Molecular Quantum Interference Effect Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2843-2847. [PMID: 29750871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the designing principles for the quantum interference effect transistors, a series of simulations are carried out on a 2,5-linked perylene molecular junction composed of two subsystems connected via destructive quantum interference. Simulation results suggest that the overall conductance of a large π-conjugated system is determined by its subsystem connected directly to the electrodes. A Büttiker probe can be treated as a resistor, and to first-order approximation, its effect is found equivalent to severing its surrounding bonds. These findings greatly simplify the design of molecular quantum interference effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208 , United States
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86
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Zhang YP, Chen LC, Zhang ZQ, Cao JJ, Tang C, Liu J, Duan LL, Huo Y, Shao X, Hong W, Zhang HL. Distinguishing Diketopyrrolopyrrole Isomers in Single-Molecule Junctions via Reversible Stimuli-Responsive Quantum Interference. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6531-6535. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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87
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Zhang Y, Ye G, Soni S, Qiu X, Krijger TL, Jonkman HT, Carlotti M, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Controlling destructive quantum interference in tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers via bond topology and functional groups. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4414-4423. [PMID: 29896382 PMCID: PMC5961448 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference effects (QI) are of interest in nano-scale devices based on molecular tunneling junctions because they can affect conductance exponentially through minor structural changes. However, their utilization requires the prediction and deterministic control over the position and magnitude of QI features, which remains a significant challenge. In this context, we designed and synthesized three benzodithiophenes based molecular wires; one linearly-conjugated, one cross-conjugated and one cross-conjugated quinone. Using eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) and CP-AFM, we compared them to a well-known anthraquinone in molecular junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). By combining density functional theory and transition voltage spectroscopy, we show that the presence of an interference feature and its position can be controlled independently by manipulating bond topology and electronegativity. This is the first study to separate these two parameters experimentally, demonstrating that the conductance of a tunneling junction depends on the position and depth of a QI feature, both of which can be controlled synthetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus L Krijger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Harry T Jonkman
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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88
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Tsuji Y, Estrada E, Movassagh R, Hoffmann R. Quantum Interference, Graphs, Walks, and Polynomials. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4887-4911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ernesto Estrada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G11HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- IBM Research, MIT-IBM A.I. Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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89
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Valli A, Amaricci A, Brosco V, Capone M. Quantum Interference Assisted Spin Filtering in Graphene Nanoflakes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2158-2164. [PMID: 29473754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that hexagonal graphene nanoflakes with zigzag edges display quantum interference (QI) patterns analogous to benzene molecular junctions. In contrast with graphene sheets, these nanoflakes also host magnetism. The cooperative effect of QI and magnetism enables spin-dependent quantum interference effects that result in a nearly complete spin polarization of the current and holds a huge potential for spintronic applications. We understand the origin of QI in terms of symmetry arguments, which show the robustness and generality of the effect. This also allows us to devise a concrete protocol for the electrostatic control of the spin polarization of the current by breaking the sublattice symmetry of graphene, by deposition on hexagonal boron nitride, paving the way to switchable spin filters. Such a system benefits from all of the extraordinary conduction properties of graphene, and at the same time, it does not require any external magnetic field to select the spin polarization, as magnetism emerges spontaneously at the edges of the nanoflake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Valli
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and Democritos National Simulation Center, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) , Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Adriano Amaricci
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and Democritos National Simulation Center, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) , Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Valentina Brosco
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and Democritos National Simulation Center, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) , Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Massimo Capone
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and Democritos National Simulation Center, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) , Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
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90
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Chen S, Kwok Y, Chen G. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Systems and Its Applications. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:385-393. [PMID: 29350516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices, electrochemical cells, catalysis processes, light emitting diodes, scanning tunneling microscopes, molecular electronics, and related devices have one thing in common: open quantum systems where energy and matter are not conserved. Traditionally quantum chemistry is confined to isolated and closed systems, while quantum dissipation theory studies open quantum systems. The key quantity in quantum dissipation theory is the reduced system density matrix. As the reduced system density matrix is an O(M! × M!) matrix, where M is the number of the particles of the system of interest, quantum dissipation theory can only be employed to simulate systems of a few particles or degrees of freedom. It is thus important to combine quantum chemistry and quantum dissipation theory so that realistic open quantum systems can be simulated from first-principles. We have developed a first-principles method to simulate the dynamics of open electronic systems, the time-dependent density functional theory for open systems (TDDFT-OS). Instead of the reduced system density matrix, the key quantity is the reduced single-electron density matrix, which is an N × N matrix where N is the number of the atomic bases of the system of interest. As the dimension of the key quantity is drastically reduced, the TDDFT-OS can thus be used to simulate the dynamics of realistic open electronic systems and efficient numerical algorithms have been developed. As an application, we apply the method to study how quantum interference develops in a molecular transistor in time domain. We include electron-phonon interaction in our simulation and show that quantum interference in the given system is robust against nuclear vibration not only in the steady state but also in the transient dynamics. As another application, by combining TDDFT-OS with Ehrenfest dynamics, we study current-induced dissociation of water molecules under scanning tunneling microscopy and follow its time dependent dynamics. Given the rapid development in ultrafast experiments with atomic resolution in recent years, time dependent simulation of open electronic systems will be useful to gain insight and understanding of such experiments. This Account will mainly focus on the practical aspects of the TDDFT-OS method, describing the numerical implementation and demonstrating the method with applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pofkulam Road, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - YanHo Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pofkulam Road, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong, Pofkulam Road, Hong Kong
SAR, China
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91
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Abstract
The Hückel (tight-binding) molecular orbital (HMO) method has found many applications in the chemistry of alternant conjugated molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fullerenes and graphene-like molecules, as well as in solid-state physics. In this paper, we found analytical expressions for the electron density matrix of the HMO method in terms of odd-powers of its Hamiltonian. We prove that the HMO density matrix induces an embedding of a molecule into a high-dimensional Euclidean space in which the separation between the atoms scales very well with the bond lengths of PAHs. We extend our approach to describe a quasi-correlated tight-binding model, which quantifies the number of unpaired electrons and the distribution of effectively unpaired electrons. In this case, we found that the corresponding density matrices induce embedding of the molecules into high-dimensional Euclidean spheres where the separation between the atoms contains information about the spin–spin repulsion between them. Using our approach, we found an analytic expression which explains the bond length alternation in polyenes inside the HMO framework. We also found that spin–spin interaction explains the alternation of distances between pairs of atoms separated by two bonds in conjugated molecules.
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92
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Yang G, Wu H, Wei J, Zheng J, Chen Z, Liu J, Shi J, Yang Y, Hong W. Quantum interference effect in the charge transport through single-molecule benzene dithiol junction at room temperature: An experimental investigation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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93
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Investigation of the geometrical arrangement and single molecule charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of molecular towers based on tetraphenylmethane tripod. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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94
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Chen S, Zhou W, Zhang Q, Kwok Y, Chen G, Ratner MA. Can Molecular Quantum Interference Effect Transistors Survive Vibration? J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5166-5170. [PMID: 28974091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference in cross-conjugated molecules can be utilized to construct molecular quantum interference effect transistors. However, whether its application can be achieved depends on the survivability of the quantum interference under real conditions such as nuclear vibration. We use two simulation methods to investigate the effects of nuclear vibration on quantum interference in a meta-linked benzene system. The simulation results suggest that the quantum interference is robust against nuclear vibration not only in the steady state but also in its transient dynamics, and thus the molecular quantum interference effect transistors can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - WeiJun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - YanHo Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston Illinois 60208, United States
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95
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Stuyver T, Blotwijk N, Fias S, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Exploring Electrical Currents through Nanographenes: Visualization and Tuning of the through-Bond Transmission Paths. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3012-3022. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Algemene Chemie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium) (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance Group
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); Egmontstraat 5 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Nathalie Blotwijk
- Algemene Chemie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium) (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance Group
| | - Stijn Fias
- Algemene Chemie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium) (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance Group
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Algemene Chemie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium) (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance Group
| | - Frank De Proft
- Algemene Chemie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium) (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance Group
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96
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97
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Borges A, Xia J, Liu SH, Venkataraman L, Solomon GC. The Role of Through-Space Interactions in Modulating Constructive and Destructive Interference Effects in Benzene. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4436-4442. [PMID: 28650176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects, whether constructive or destructive, are key to predicting and understanding the electrical conductance of single molecules. Here, through theory and experiment, we investigate a family of benzene-like molecules that exhibit both constructive and destructive interference effects arising due to more than one contact between the molecule and each electrode. In particular, we demonstrate that the π-system of meta-coupled benzene can exhibit constructive interference and its para-coupled analog can exhibit destructive interference, and vice versa, depending on the specific through-space interactions. As a peculiarity, this allows a meta-coupled benzene molecule to exhibit higher conductance than a para-coupled benzene. Our results provide design principles for molecular electronic components with high sensitivity to through-space interactions and demonstrate that increasing the number of contacts between the molecule and electrodes can both increase and decrease the conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Borges
- Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York 10027, United States
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , 1017 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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98
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Single-molecule detection of dihydroazulene photo-thermal reaction using break junction technique. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15436. [PMID: 28530248 PMCID: PMC5477511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transport by tunnelling is one of the most ubiquitous elementary processes in nature. Small structural changes in a molecular junction can lead to significant difference in the single-molecule electronic properties, offering a tremendous opportunity to examine a reaction on the single-molecule scale by monitoring the conductance changes. Here, we explore the potential of the single-molecule break junction technique in the detection of photo-thermal reaction processes of a photochromic dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene system. Statistical analysis of the break junction experiments provides a quantitative approach for probing the reaction kinetics and reversibility, including the occurrence of isomerization during the reaction. The product ratios observed when switching the system in the junction does not follow those observed in solution studies (both experiment and theory), suggesting that the junction environment was perturbing the process significantly. This study opens the possibility of using nano-structured environments like molecular junctions to tailor product ratios in chemical reactions. The conductance across single-molecule junctions is highly dependent on the electronic properties of the molecule in question. Here the authors use this fact to monitor a photo-thermal reaction by analysing break junction data, and observe significant differences compared to solution state behaviour.
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99
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Sýkora R, Novotný T. Graph-theoretical evaluation of the inelastic propensity rules for molecules with destructive quantum interference. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:174114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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100
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Schäfer J, Holzapfel M, Mladenova B, Kattnig D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Grampp G, Lambert C. Hole Transfer Processes in meta- and para-Conjugated Mixed Valence Compounds: Unforeseen Effects of Bridge Substituents and Solvent Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6200-6209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schäfer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Boryana Mladenova
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kattnig
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Günter Grampp
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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