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Kos P, Lächelt U, He D, Nie Y, Gu Z, Wagner E. Dual-Targeted Polyplexes Based on Sequence-Defined Peptide-PEG-Oligoamino Amides. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:464-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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52
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Pan J, Sun SK, Wang Y, Fu YY, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yu C. Facile preparation of hyaluronic acid and transferrin co-modified Fe3O4nanoparticles with inherent biocompatibility for dual-targeting magnetic resonance imaging of tumors in vivo. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19836-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02486b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible and sensitive dual-targeting Fe3O4nanoprobe co-modified with biosafe hyaluronic acid and transferrin was developed for tumor-targeted MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Tianjin 300052
- China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300203
- China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- School of Medical Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300203
- China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- School of Medical Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300203
- China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300203
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics)
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Tianjin 300052
- China
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53
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Centi S, Tatini F, Ratto F, Gnerucci A, Mercatelli R, Romano G, Landini I, Nobili S, Ravalli A, Marrazza G, Mini E, Fusi F, Pini R. In vitro assessment of antibody-conjugated gold nanorods for systemic injections. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:55. [PMID: 25477237 PMCID: PMC4266900 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest for gold nanorods in biomedical optics is driven by their intense absorbance of near infrared light, their biocompatibility and their potential to reach tumors after systemic administration. Examples of applications include the photoacoustic imaging and the photothermal ablation of cancer. In spite of great current efforts, the selective delivery of gold nanorods to tumors through the bloodstream remains a formidable challenge. Their bio-conjugation with targeting units, and in particular with antibodies, is perceived as a hopeful solution, but the complexity of living organisms complicates the identification of possible obstacles along the way to tumors. RESULTS Here, we present a new model of gold nanorods conjugated with anti-cancer antigen 125 (CA125) antibodies, which exhibit high specificity for ovarian cancer cells. We implement a battery of tests in vitro, in order to simulate major nuisances and predict the feasibility of these particles for intravenous injections. We show that parameters like the competition of free CA125 in the bloodstream, which could saturate the probe before arriving at the tumors, the matrix effect and the interference with erythrocytes and phagocytes are uncritical. CONCLUSIONS Although some deterioration is detectable, anti-CA125-conjugated gold nanorods retain their functional features after interaction with blood tissue and so represent a powerful candidate to hit ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Centi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Alessio Gnerucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Mercatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ida Landini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ravalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'Ugo Shiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Mini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Franco Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Kaittanis C, Shaffer TM, Thorek DLJ, Grimm J. Dawn of advanced molecular medicine: nanotechnological advancements in cancer imaging and therapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2014; 19:143-76. [PMID: 25271430 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2014011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role not only in our everyday life (with all its benefits and dangers) but also in medicine. Nanoparticles are to date the most intriguing option to deliver high concentrations of agents specifically and directly to cancer cells; therefore, a wide variety of these nanomaterials has been developed and explored. These span the range from simple nanoagents to sophisticated smart devices for drug delivery or imaging. Nanomaterials usually provide a large surface area, allowing for decoration with a large amount of moieties on the surface for either additional functionalities or targeting. Besides using particles solely for imaging purposes, they can also carry as a payload a therapeutic agent. If both are combined within the same particle, a theranostic agent is created. The sophistication of highly developed nanotechnology targeting approaches provides a promising means for many clinical implementations and can provide improved applications for otherwise suboptimal formulations. In this review we will explore nanotechnology both for imaging and therapy to provide a general overview of the field and its impact on cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Kaittanis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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55
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Wang X, Li S, Shi Y, Chuan X, Li J, Zhong T, Zhang H, Dai W, He B, Zhang Q. The development of site-specific drug delivery nanocarriers based on receptor mediation. J Control Release 2014; 193:139-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Toy R, Bauer L, Hoimes C, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:79-97. [PMID: 25116445 PMCID: PMC4169743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticle imaging agents provide many benefits and new opportunities to facilitate accurate diagnosis of cancer and significantly impact patient outcome. Due to the highly engineerable nature of nanotechnology, targeted nanoparticles exhibit significant advantages including increased contrast sensitivity, binding avidity and targeting specificity. Considering the various nanoparticle designs and their adjustable ability to target a specific site and generate detectable signals, nanoparticles can be optimally designed in terms of biophysical interactions (i.e., intravascular and interstitial transport) and biochemical interactions (i.e., targeting avidity towards cancer-related biomarkers) for site-specific detection of very distinct microenvironments. This review seeks to illustrate that the design of a nanoparticle dictates its in vivo journey and targeting of hard-to-reach cancer sites, facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and interrogation of the most aggressive forms of cancer. We will report various targeted nanoparticles for cancer imaging using X-ray computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging and optical imaging. Finally, to realize the full potential of targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging, we will describe the challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation and widespread adaptation of targeted nanoparticles imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Toy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Hoimes
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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57
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Fortier C, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Surface modification of nonviral nanocarriers for enhanced gene delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:135-51. [PMID: 24354815 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical nanotechnology has given a new lease of life to gene therapy with the ever-developing and ever-diversifying nonviral gene delivery nanocarriers. These are designed to pass a series of barriers in order to bring their nucleic acid cargo to the right subcellular location of particular cells. For a given application, each barrier has its dedicated strategy, which translates into a physicochemical, biological and temporal identity of the nanocarrier surface. Different strategies have thus been explored to implement adequate surface identities on nanocarriers over time for systemic delivery. In that context, this review will mainly focus on organic nanocarriers, for which these strategies will be described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fortier
- Life Sciences NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montréal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
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58
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Zhang MZ, Li C, Fang BY, Yao MH, Ren QQ, Zhang L, Zhao YD. High transfection efficiency of quantum dot-antisense oligonucleotide nanoparticles in cancer cells through dual-receptor synergistic targeting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:255102. [PMID: 24896735 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/25/255102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating ligands with nanoparticle-based carriers for specific delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (such as antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA) to tumor sites is a promising approach in anti-cancer strategies. However, nanoparticle-based carriers remain insufficient in terms of the selectivity and transfection efficiency. In this paper, we designed a dual receptor-targeted QDs gene carrier QD-(AS-ODN+GE11+c(RGDfK)) which could increase the cellular uptake efficiency and further enhance the transfection efficiency. Here, the targeting ligands used were peptides GE11 and c(RGDfK) which could recognize epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and integrin ανβ3 receptors, respectively. Quantitative flow cytometry and ICP/MS showed that the synergistic effect between EGFR and integrin ανβ3 increased the cellular uptake of QDs carriers. The effects of inhibition agents showed the endocytosis pathway of QD-(AS-ODN+GE11+c(RGDfK)) probe was mainly clathrin-mediated. Western blot confirmed that QD-(AS-ODN+GE11+c(RGDfK)) could further enhance gene silencing efficiency compared to QD-(AS-ODN+GE11) and QD-(AS-ODN+c(RGDfK)), suggesting this dual receptor-targeted gene carrier achieved desired transfection efficiency. In this gene delivery system, QDs could not only be used as a gene vehicle but also as fluorescence probe, allowing for localization and tracking during the delivery process. This transport model is very well referenced for non-viral gene carriers to enhance the targeting ability and transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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59
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Increased tumor targeted delivery using a multistage liposome system functionalized with RGD, TAT and cleavable PEG. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:26-38. [PMID: 24709209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Though PEGylation has been widely used to enhance the accumulation of liposomes in tumor tissues through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, it still inhibits cellular uptake and affects intracellular trafficking of carriers. Active targeting molecules displayed better cell selectivity but were shadowed by the poor tumor penetration effect. Cell penetrating peptides could increase the uptake of the carriers but were limited by their non-specificity. Dual-ligand system may possess a synergistic effect and create a more ideal drug delivery effect. Based on the above factors, we designed a multistage liposome system co-modified with RGD, TAT and cleavable PEG, which combined the advantages of PEG, specific ligand and penetrating peptide. The cleavable PEG could increase the stability and circulation time of liposomes during circulation. After the passive extravasation to tumor tissues, the previously hidden dual ligands on the liposomes were exposed in a controlled manner at the tumor site through exogenous administration of a safe reducing agent L-cysteine. The RGD specifically recognized the integrins overexpressed on various malignant tumors and mediated efficient internalization in the synergistic effect of the RGD and TAT. Invitro cellular uptake and 3D tumor spheroids penetration studies demonstrated that the system could not only be selectively and efficiently taken up by cells overexpress ingintegrins but also penetrate the tumor cells to reach the depths of the avascular tumor spheroids. In vivo imaging and fluorescent images of tumor section further demonstrated that this system achieved profoundly improved distribution within tumor tissues, and the RGD and TAT ligands on C-R/T liposomes produced a strong synergistic effect that promoted the uptake of liposomes into cells after the systemic administration of L-cysteine. The results of this study demonstrated a tremendous potential of this multistage liposomes for efficient delivery to tumor tissue and selective internalization into tumor cells.
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60
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Brinkmann J, Cavatorta E, Sankaran S, Schmidt B, van Weerd J, Jonkheijm P. About supramolecular systems for dynamically probing cells. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4449-69. [PMID: 24681633 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the art in the development of strategies for generating supramolecular systems for dynamic cell studies. Dynamic systems are crucial to further our understanding of cell biology and are consequently at the heart of many medical applications. Increasing interest has therefore been focused recently on rendering systems bioactive and dynamic that can subsequently be employed to engage with cells. Different approaches using supramolecular chemistry are reviewed with particular emphasis on their application in cell studies. We conclude with an outlook on future challenges for dynamic cell research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Brinkmann
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory Group of Bioinspired Molecular Engineering, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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61
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Wang X, Yang CX, Chen JT, Yan XP. A Dual-Targeting Upconversion Nanoplatform for Two-Color Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3263-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Tong Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life
Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nankai University), Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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62
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Wang B, Galliford CV, Low PS. Guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:313-30. [PMID: 24552563 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicines for the treatment of most human pathologies are encumbered by unwanted side effects that arise from the deposition of an effective drug into the wrong tissues. The logical remedy for these undesirable properties involves selective targeting of the therapeutic agent to pathologic cells, thereby avoiding collateral toxicity to healthy cells. Since significant advantages can also accrue by incorporating a therapeutic or imaging agent into a nanoparticle, many laboratories are now combining both benefits into a single formulation. This review will focus on the major guiding principles in the design of ligand-targeted nanoparticles, including optimization of their chemical and physical properties, selection of the ideal targeting ligand, engineering of the appropriate surface passivation and linker strategies to achieve selective delivery of the entrapped cargo to the desired diseased cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chris V Galliford
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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63
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You M, Peng L, Shao N, Zhang L, Qiu L, Cui C, Tan W. DNA "nano-claw": logic-based autonomous cancer targeting and therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1256-9. [PMID: 24367989 DOI: 10.1021/ja4114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell types, both healthy and diseased, can be classified by inventories of their cell-surface markers. Programmable analysis of multiple markers would enable clinicians to develop a comprehensive disease profile, leading to more accurate diagnosis and intervention. As a first step to accomplish this, we have designed a DNA-based device, called "Nano-Claw". Combining the special structure-switching properties of DNA aptamers with toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions, this claw is capable of performing autonomous logic-based analysis of multiple cancer cell-surface markers and, in response, producing a diagnostic signal and/or targeted photodynamic therapy. We anticipate that this design can be widely applied in facilitating basic biomedical research, accurate disease diagnosis, and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu You
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
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64
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Gupta AS. Heteromultivalent ligand-decoration for actively targeted nanomedicine. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2568-79. [PMID: 24411677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Active targeting has become an important component of nanomedicine design where nanovehicles are surface-decorated with cell receptor-specific or disease matrix-specific ligands to enable site-selective binding, retention and delivery of theranostic cargo. In this context, there have been numerous reports regarding surface-modification of nanovehicles with antibodies, antibody fragments, carbohydrates, aptamers and peptides as targeting ligands. However, majority of these reports have focused on using a single type of targeting moiety on the vehicle surface. In any disease development and progression, multiple receptors and proteins are often spatio-temporally upregulated simultaneously and heterogeneously. Rationalizing from this, a significant advantage can be envisioned in targeting multiple entities simultaneously using vehicle co-decoration with multiple types of ligands, to enhance binding activity and targeting specificity. To this end, we present a comprehensive up-to-date review on research endeavors in heteromultivalent ligand-modification of nanovehicles and provide a mechanistic rationale as well as an insightful discussion of this promising area, including findings from our own research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Bolley J, Lalatonne Y, Haddad O, Letourneur D, Soussan M, Pérard-Viret J, Motte L. Optimized multimodal nanoplatforms for targeting α(v)β3 integrins. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11478-11489. [PMID: 24154564 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using contrast agents is a very powerful technique for diagnosis in clinical medicine and biomedical research. The synthesis of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles targeting αvβ3 integrins and acting as new MRI contrast agents seems to be a promising way for cancer diagnosis. Indeed, it is well established that αvβ3 integrin plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis acting like a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins like vitronectin, fibronectin through the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. Up-regulation of αvβ3 has been found to be associated with a wide range of cancers, making it a broad-spectrum tumor-marker. In this study, USPIO nanocrystals were synthesized and surface passivated with caffeic acid. The large number of the carboxylic acid functions at the outer surface of the nanoplatforms was used for the covalent coupling of Rhodamine123, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cyclic RGD. Soluble carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were used to crosslink carboxylic acid with the amino group of the ligands. We examined the design of the nanoplatforms with each individual entity and then the combination of two and three of them. Several methods were used to characterize the nanoparticle surface functionalization and the magnetic properties of these contrast agents were studied using a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. The affinity towards integrins was evidenced by surface plasmon resonance and solid-phase receptor-binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolley
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 avenue M. Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
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66
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Rangger C, Helbok A, Sosabowski J, Kremser C, Koehler G, Prassl R, Andreae F, Virgolini IJ, von Guggenberg E, Decristoforo C. Tumor targeting and imaging with dual-peptide conjugated multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4659-71. [PMID: 24353415 PMCID: PMC3862508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant progress in nanotechnology provides a wide spectrum of nanosized material for various applications, including tumor targeting and molecular imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles for targeting approaches and detection of tumors using different imaging modalities. The concept of dual-targeting was tested in vitro and in vivo using liposomes derivatized with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors and a substance P peptide binding to neurokinin-1 receptors. METHODS For liposome preparation, lipids, polyethylene glycol building blocks, DTPA-derivatized lipids for radiolabeling, lipid-based RGD and substance P building blocks and imaging labels were combined in defined molar ratios. Liposomes were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro binding properties were tested using fluorescence microscopy. Standardized protocols for radiolabeling were developed to perform biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies in nude mice bearing glioblastoma and/or melanoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, an initial magnetic resonance imaging study was performed. RESULTS Liposomes were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields. Fluorescence microscopy showed specific cellular interactions with RGD-liposomes and substance P-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled liposomal nanoparticles revealed low tumor uptake, but in a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study with a single-targeted RGD-liposome, uptake in the tumor xenografts could be visualized. CONCLUSION The present study shows the potential of liposomes as multifunctional targeted vehicles for imaging of tumors combining radioactive, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance signaling. Specific in vitro tumor targeting by fluorescence microscopy and radioactivity was achieved. However, biodistribution studies in an animal tumor model revealed only moderate tumor uptake and no additive effect using a dual-targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Koehler
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Irene J Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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67
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Langereis S, Geelen T, Grüll H, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI-guided drug delivery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:728-44. [PMID: 23703874 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)-containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease-specific markers and for image-guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image-guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand-conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast-enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image-guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Langereis
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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68
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Loi M, Di Paolo D, Soster M, Brignole C, Bartolini A, Emionite L, Sun J, Becherini P, Curnis F, Petretto A, Sani M, Gori A, Milanese M, Gambini C, Longhi R, Cilli M, Allen TM, Bussolino F, Arap W, Pasqualini R, Corti A, Ponzoni M, Marchiò S, Pastorino F. Novel phage display-derived neuroblastoma-targeting peptides potentiate the effect of drug nanocarriers in preclinical settings. J Control Release 2013; 170:233-41. [PMID: 23714122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeting of drug delivery nanocarriers is expected to improve their therapeutic index while decreasing their toxicity. Here we report the identification and characterization of novel peptide ligands specific for cells present in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood tumor mostly refractory to current therapies. To isolate such targeting moieties, we performed combined in vitro/ex-vivo phage display screenings on NB cell lines and on tumors derived from orthotopic mouse models of human NB. By designing proper subtractive protocols, we identified phage clones specific either for the primary tumor, its metastases, or for their respective stromal components. Globally, we isolated 121 phage-displayed NB-binding peptides: 26 bound the primary tumor, 15 the metastatic mass, 57 and 23 their respective microenvironments. Of these, five phage clones were further validated for their specific binding ex-vivo to biopsies from stage IV NB patients and to NB tumors derived from mice. All five clones also targeted tumor cells and vasculature in vivo when injected into NB-bearing mice. Coupling of the corresponding targeting peptides with doxorubicin-loaded liposomes led to a significant inhibition in tumor volume and enhanced survival in preclinical NB models, thereby paving the way to their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Loi
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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69
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Lee N, Choi SH, Hyeon T. Nano-sized CT contrast agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2641-60. [PMID: 23553799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most widely used clinical imaging modalities. In order to increase the sensitivity of CT, small iodinated compounds are used as injectable contrast agents. However, the iodinated contrast agents are excreted through the kidney and have short circulation times. This rapid renal clearance not only restricts in vivo applications that require long circulation times but also sometimes induces serious adverse effects related to the excretion pathway. In addition, the X-ray attenuation of iodine is not efficient for clinical CT that uses high-energy X-ray. Due to these limitations, nano-sized iodinated CT contrast agents have been developed that can increase the circulation time and decrease the adverse effects. In addition to iodine, nanoparticles based on heavy atoms such as gold, lanthanides, and tantalum are used as more efficient CT contrast agents. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses made in nano-sized CT contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohyun Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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70
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Heusschen R, Griffioen AW, Thijssen VL. Galectin-9 in tumor biology: a jack of multiple trades. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:177-85. [PMID: 23648450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectin family members have been shown to exert multiple roles in the context of tumor biology. Several recent findings support a similar multi-faceted role for galectin-9. Galectin-9 expression is frequently altered in cancer as compared to normal tissues. In addition, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that galectin-9 is involved in several aspects of tumor progression, including tumor cell adhesion and survival, immune escape and angiogenesis. Also, galectin-9 shows potential as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for several malignancies. In this review we summarize both the established and the emerging roles of galectin-9 in tumor biology and discuss the potential application of galectin-9 in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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71
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The use of nanoparticulate delivery systems in metronomic chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3925-3937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Sawant RR, Jhaveri AM, Koshkaryev A, Qureshi F, Torchilin VP. The effect of dual ligand-targeted micelles on the delivery and efficacy of poorly soluble drug for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2013; 21:630-8. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.789032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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73
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C. A concise review of magnetic resonance molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis by targeting integrin αvβ3 with magnetic probes. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1083-93. [PMID: 23515638 PMCID: PMC3600999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential step for the growth and spread of malignant tumors. Accurate detection and quantification of tumor angiogenesis is important for early diagnosis of cancers as well as post therapy assessment of antiangiogenic drugs. The cell adhesion molecule integrin αvβ3 is a specific marker of angiogenesis, which is highly expressed on activated and proliferating endothelial cells, but generally not on quiescent endothelial cells. Therefore, in recent years, many different approaches have been developed for imaging αvβ3 expression, for the detection and characterization of tumor angiogenesis. The present review provides an overview of the current status of magnetic resonance molecular imaging of integrin αvβ3, including the new development of high sensitive contrast agents and strategies for improving the specificity of targeting probes and the biological effects of imaging probes on αvβ3 positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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74
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Master AM, Pan V, Howard G, Gupta AS. A platelet-mimetic paradigm for metastasis-targeted nanomedicine platforms. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:910-9. [PMID: 23360320 PMCID: PMC3690560 DOI: 10.1021/bm301996p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that, beyond their traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets play a significant role in mediating hematologic mechanisms of tumor metastasis by directly and indirectly interacting with pro-metastatic cancer cells. With this rationale, we hypothesized that platelets can be an effective paradigm to develop nanomedicine platforms that utilize platelet-mimetic interaction mechanisms for targeted diagnosis and therapy of metastatic cancer cells. Here we report on our investigation of the development of nanoconstructs that interact with metastatic cancer cells via platelet-mimetic heteromultivalent ligand-receptor pathways. For our studies, pro-metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was studied for its surface expression of platelet-interactive receptors, in comparison to another low-metastatic human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Certain platelet-interactive receptors were found to be significantly overexpressed on the MDA-MB-231 cells, and these cells showed significantly enhanced binding interactions with active platelets compared to MCF-7 cells. Based upon these observations, two specific receptor interactions were selected, and corresponding ligands were engineered onto the surface of liposomes as model nanoconstructs, to enable platelet-mimetic binding to the cancer cells. Our model platelet-mimetic liposomal constructs showed enhanced targeting and attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrate the promise of utilizing platelet-mimetic constructs in modifying nanovehicle constructs for metastasis-targeted drug as well as modifying surfaces for ex-vivo cell enrichment diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa L. Modery-Pawlowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alyssa M. Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gregory Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
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75
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Zhou H, Zhang Y, Su G, Zhai S, Yan B. Enhanced cancer cell killing by a targeting gold nanoconstruct with doxorubicin payload under X-ray irradiation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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76
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Welsh DJ, Posocco P, Pricl S, Smith DK. Self-assembled multivalent RGD-peptide arrays – morphological control and integrin binding. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3177-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob00034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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77
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key imaging modality in cancer diagnostics and therapy monitoring. MRI-based tumor detection and characterization is commonly achieved by exploiting the compositional, metabolic, cellular, and vascular differences between malignant and healthy tissue. Contrast agents are frequently applied to enhance this contrast. The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest in novel multifunctional MRI probes. These multifunctional constructs, often of nanoparticle design, allow the incorporation of multiple imaging agents for complementary imaging modalities as well as anti-cancer drugs for therapeutic purposes. The composition, size, and surface properties of such constructs can be tailored as to improve biodistribution and ensure optimal delivery to the tumor microenvironment by passive or targeted mechanisms. Multifunctional MRI probes hold great promise to facilitate more specific tumor diagnosis, patient-specific treatment planning, the monitoring of local drug delivery, and the early evaluation of therapy. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art and new developments in the application of multifunctional MRI probes in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kluza
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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78
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Petkau-Milroy K, Brunsveld L. Supramolecular chemical biology; bioactive synthetic self-assemblies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:219-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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79
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Xu S, Olenyuk BZ, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Targeting receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways with nanoparticles: rationale and advances. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:121-38. [PMID: 23026636 PMCID: PMC3565049 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of drugs and their carrier systems by using receptor-mediated endocytotic pathways was in its nascent stages 25 years ago. In the intervening years, an explosion of knowledge focused on design and synthesis of nanoparticulate delivery systems as well as elucidation of the cellular complexity of what was previously-termed receptor-mediated endocytosis has now created a situation when it has become possible to design and test the feasibility of delivery of highly specific nanoparticle drug carriers to specific cells and tissue. This review outlines the mechanisms governing the major modes of receptor-mediated endocytosis used in drug delivery and highlights recent approaches using these as targets for in vivo drug delivery of nanoparticles. The review also discusses some of the inherent complexity associated with the simple shift from a ligand-drug conjugate versus a ligand-nanoparticle conjugate, in terms of ligand valency and its relationship to the mode of receptor-mediated internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Bogdan Z. Olenyuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Curtis T. Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90033
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80
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Veeranarayanan S, Poulose AC, Mohamed MS, Varghese SH, Nagaoka Y, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Synergistic targeting of cancer and associated angiogenesis using triple-targeted dual-drug silica nanoformulations for theragnostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3476-3489. [PMID: 22865683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The targeting and therapeutic efficacy of dye- and dual-drug-loaded silica nanoparticles, functionalized with triple targeting ligands specific towards cancer and neoangiogenesis simultaneously, are discussed. This synergized, high-precision, multitarget concept culminates in an elevated uptake of nanoparticles by cancer and angiogenic cells with amplified proficiency, thereby imparting superior therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer cells and completely disabling the migration and angiogenic sprouting ability of activated endothelial cells. The exceptional multimodal efficiency achieved by this single therapeutic nanoformulation holds promise for the synergistic targeting and treatment of the yet elusive cancer and its related angiogenesis in a single, lethal shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
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81
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Cheng Z, Zaki AA, Hui JZ, Muzykantov VR, Tsourkas A. Multifunctional nanoparticles: cost versus benefit of adding targeting and imaging capabilities. Science 2012; 338:903-10. [PMID: 23161990 PMCID: PMC3660151 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 940] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficacy and reduce the systemic toxicity of a wide range of drugs. Although clinically approved nanoparticles have consistently shown value in reducing drug toxicity, their use has not always translated into improved clinical outcomes. This has led to the development of "multifunctional" nanoparticles, where additional capabilities like targeting and image contrast enhancement are added to the nanoparticles. However, additional functionality means additional synthetic steps and costs, more convoluted behavior and effects in vivo, and also greater regulatory hurdles. The trade-off between additional functionality and complexity is the subject of ongoing debate and the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ajlan Al Zaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James Z. Hui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10-125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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82
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Radiation-induced galectin-1 by endothelial cells: a promising molecular target for preferential drug delivery to the tumor vasculature. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 91:497-506. [PMID: 23090010 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports on a new strategy for selective, radiation therapy-amplified drug delivery using an antiangiogenic 33-a.a., tumor vasculature-targeting ligand, anginex, to improve the therapeutic ratio for strategies developed against solid tumors. Our findings indicate that galectin-1 is (a) one of the major receptors for anginex (b) overexpressed by tumor neovasculature and (c) further specifically upregulated in endothelial cells in response to radiation exposure as low as 0.5 Gy. An investigation of [18]-F-labeled anginex biodistribution in SCK tumors indicates that anginex is an effective targeting molecule for image and radiation-guided therapy of solid tumors. An anginex-conjugated liposome capable of being loaded with drug was shown to selectively target endothelial cells post-radiation. The presence of endothelial cells in a three-dimensional co-culture system with tumor cells developed to study tumor/endothelial cell interactions in vitro led to higher levels of galectin-1 and showed a further increase in expression upon radiation exposure when compared to tumor cell spheroids alone. Similar increase in galectin-1 was observed in tumor tissue originating from the tumor-endothelial cell spheroids in vivo and radiation exposure further induced galectin-1 in these tumors. The overall results suggest feasibility of using a clinical or subclinical radiation dose to increase expression of the galectin-1 receptor on the tumor microvasculature to promote delivery of therapeutics via the anginex peptide. This approach may reduce systemic toxicity, overcome drug resistance, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemo/radiation strategies.
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83
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Ransohoff JD, Wu JC. Imaging stem cell therapy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012; 10:361-73. [PMID: 22239638 PMCID: PMC3683543 DOI: 10.2174/157016112799959404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapeutic angiogenesis aims to treat ischemic myocardial and peripheral tissues by delivery of recombinant proteins, genes, or cells to promote neoangiogenesis. Concerns regarding the safety, side effects, and efficacy of protein and gene transfer studies have led to the development of cell-based therapies as alternative approaches to induce vascular regeneration and to improve function of damaged tissue. Cell-based therapies may be improved by the application of imaging technologies that allow investigators to track the location, engraftment, and survival of the administered cell population. The past decade of investigations has produced promising clinical data regarding cell therapy, but design of trials and evaluation of treatments stand to be improved by emerging insight from imaging studies. Here, we provide an overview of pre-clinical and clinical experience using cell-based therapies to promote vascular regeneration in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. We also review four major imaging modalities and underscore the importance of in vivo analysis of cell fate for a full understanding of functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D. Ransohoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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84
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Kamaly N, Xiao Z, Valencia PM, Radovic-Moreno AF, Farokhzad OC. Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2971-3010. [PMID: 22388185 PMCID: PMC3684255 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro M. Valencia
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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85
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Weiss A, den Bergh HV, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Angiogenesis inhibition for the improvement of photodynamic therapy: the revival of a promising idea. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:53-70. [PMID: 22465396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive form of treatment, which is clinically approved for the treatment of angiogenic disorders, including certain forms of cancer and neovascular eye diseases. Although the concept of PDT has existed for a long time now, it has never made a solid entrance into the clinical management of cancer. This is likely due to secondary tissue reactions, such as inflammation and neoangiogenesis. The recent development of clinically effective angiogenesis inhibitors has lead to the initiation of research on the combination of PDT with such angiostatic targeted therapies. Preclinical studies in this research field have shown promising results, causing a revival in the field of PDT. This review reports on the current research efforts on PDT and vascular targeted combination therapies. Different combination strategies with angiogenesis inhibition and vascular targeting approaches are discussed. In addition, the concept of increasing PDT selectivity by targeted delivery of photosensitizers is presented. Furthermore, the current insights on sequencing the therapy arms of such combinations will be discussed in light of vascular normalization induced by angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weiss
- Medical Photonics Group, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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86
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Gianolio E, Stefania R, Di Gregorio E, Aime S. MRI Paramagnetic Probes for Cellular Labeling. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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87
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Dual-targeting of αvβ3 and galectin-1 improves the specificity of paramagnetic/fluorescent liposomes to tumor endothelium in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 158:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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88
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases and other disorders. Most of the marketed antibodies are monospecific and therefore capable of interacting and interfering with a single target. However, complex diseases are often multifactorial in nature, and involve redundant or synergistic action of disease mediators or upregulation of different receptors, including crosstalk between their signaling networks. Consequently, blockade of multiple, different pathological factors and pathways may result in improved therapeutic efficacy. This result can be achieved by combining different drugs, or use of the dual targeting strategies applying bispecific antibodies that have emerged as an alternative to combination therapy. This review discusses the various dual targeting strategies for which bispecific antibodies have been developed and provides an overview of the established bispecific antibody formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Kontermann
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart, Germany
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89
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Bowey K, Tanguay JF, Tabrizian M. Liposome technology for cardiovascular disease treatment and diagnosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:249-65. [PMID: 22235930 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.647908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, liposomes have been used in a variety of applications, from delivery vehicles to cell membrane models. In terms of pharmaceutical use, they can offer control over the release of active agents encapsulated into their lipid bilayer or aqueous core, while providing protection from degradation in the body. In addition, liposomes are versatile carriers, because targeting moieties can be conjugated on the surface to enhance delivery efficiency. It is for these reasons that liposomes have been applied as carriers for a multitude of drugs and genetic material, and as contrast agents, aimed to treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases. AREAS COVERED This review details advancements in liposome technology used in the field of cardiovascular medicine. In particular, the application of liposomes to cardiovascular disease treatment and diagnosis, with a focus on delivering drugs, genetic material and improving cardiovascular imaging, will be explored. Advances in targeting liposomes to the vasculature will also be detailed. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes may provide the means to deliver drugs and other pharmaceutical agents for cardiovascular applications; however, there is still a vast amount of research and clinical trials that must be performed before a formulation is brought to market. Advancements in targeting abilities within the body, as well as the introduction of theranostic liposomes, capable of both delivering treating and imaging cardiac diseases, may be expected in the future of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bowey
- McGill University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A4, Canada
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90
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Feld DJ, Hsu HT, Eckermann AL, Meade TJ. Trinuclear ruthenium clusters as bivalent electrochemical probes for ligand-receptor binding interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:939-49. [PMID: 22053821 PMCID: PMC3254724 DOI: 10.1021/la202882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their popularity, electrochemical biosensors often suffer from low sensitivity. One possible approach to overcome low sensitivity in protein biosensors is to utilize multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. Controlling the spatial arrangement of ligands on surfaces is another crucial aspect of electrochemical biosensor design. We have synthesized and characterized five biotinylated trinuclear ruthenium clusters as potential new biosensor platforms: [Ru(3)O(OAc)(6)CO(4-BMP)(py)](0) (3), [Ru(3)O(OAc)(6)CO(4-BMP)(2)](0) (4), [Ru(3)O(OAc)(6)L(4-BMP)(py)](+) (8), [Ru(3)O(OAc)(6)L(4-BMP)(2)](+) (9), and [Ru(3)O(OAc)(6)L(py)(2)](+) (10) (OAc = acetate, 4-BMP = biotin aminomethylpyridine, py = pyridine, L = pyC16SH). HABA/avidin assays and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to evaluate the avidin binding properties of 3 and 4. The binding constants were found to range from (6.5-8.0) × 10(6) M(-1). Intermolecular protein binding of 4 in solution was determined by native gel electrophoresis. QM, MM, and MD calculations show the capability for the bivalent cluster, 4, to intramolecularly bind to avidin. Electrochemical measurements in solution of 3a and 4a show shifts in E(1/2) of -58 and -53 mV in the presence of avidin, respectively. Self-assembled monolayers formed with 8-10 were investigated as a model biosensor system. Diluent/cluster ratio and composition were found to have a significant effect on the ability of avidin to adequately bind to the cluster. Complexes 8 and 10 showed negligible changes in E(1/2), while complex 9 showed a shift in E(1/2) of -43 mV upon avidin addition. These results suggest that multivalent interactions can have a positive impact on the sensitivity of electrochemical protein biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Feld
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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91
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Klyosov AA, Traber PG. Galectins in Disease and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1115.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatole A. Klyosov
- Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., 4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, Georgia 30071
| | - Peter G. Traber
- Galectin Therapeutics, Inc., 4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Suite 240, Norcross, Georgia 30071
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92
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Bendix PM, Oddershede LB. Expanding the optical trapping range of lipid vesicles to the nanoscale. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:5431-7. [PMID: 22074221 DOI: 10.1021/nl203200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Small unilamellar lipid vesicles with diameters down to 50 nm enclosing high refractive index sucrose cores can be optically trapped individually in three dimensions using a focused laser beam. Combined optical trapping and confocal microscopy allows for simultaneous quantitative measurements of the forces exerted on individual vesicles and of their size and shape. The position of individual vesicles in three dimensions is measured with nanometer spatial and ∼10 μs temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul M Bendix
- Niels Bohr Institute, The University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen
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93
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Ding N, Lu Y, Lee RJ, Yang C, Huang L, Liu J, Xiang G. Folate receptor-targeted fluorescent paramagnetic bimodal liposomes for tumor imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2513-20. [PMID: 22072885 PMCID: PMC3205144 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Receptor-targeted delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents can lead to enhanced efficacy for both. Multimodality imaging offers unique advantages over traditional single modality imaging. Tumor marker folate receptor (FR)-targeted fluorescent paramagnetic bimodal liposomes were synthesized to co-deliver paramagnetic and fluorescence agents for magnetic resonance (MR) and optical bimodal imaging contrast enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescent and paramagnetic bimodal liposomes were synthesized with a mean diameter of 136 nm and a low polydispersity index. The liposomes incorporated folate-PEG(3350)-CHEMS for FR targeting, Gd(III)[N,N-Bis-stearylamidomethyl-N'-amidomethyl]diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid (Gd-DTPA-BSA) for MR contrast, and calcein for fluorescence. To determine the specificity and efficiency of delivery, the liposomes were evaluated in FR-positive KB and HeLa cells and FR-negative A549 cells, which were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS FR-specific and efficient cellular uptake of the FR-targeted bimodal liposomes was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and by FCM. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of KB cells treated with FR-targeted liposomes was 45× that of cells treated with nontargeted liposomes, and 18× that of cells treated with FR-targeted liposomes and excess folic acid (FA). The MFI of HeLa cells treated with targeted liposomes was 33× that of nontargeted liposomes, and was 16× that of the mixture of targeted liposomes and free FA. In contrast, the MFI of A549 cells treated with FR-targeted liposomes was nearly the same as those treated with nontargeted liposomes. The T(1)-weighted MR images of HeLa and KB cells incubated with FR-targeted liposomes had much higher signal intensity than those treated with nontargeted liposomes or free Gd-DTPA. Furthermore, the FR-targeting effect could be blocked by excess free FA. CONCLUSION FR-targeted fluorescent paramagnetic bimodal liposomes provided a novel platform for bimodal tumor imaging and theranostic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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94
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Petkau K, Kaeser A, Fischer I, Brunsveld L, Schenning APHJ. Pre- and postfunctionalized self-assembled π-conjugated fluorescent organic nanoparticles for dual targeting. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17063-71. [PMID: 21913650 DOI: 10.1021/ja2075345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a high demand for novel approaches to engineer fluorescent nanoparticles with precise surface properties suitable for various applications, including imaging and sensing. To this end, we report a facile and highly reproducible one-step method for generating functionalized fluorescent organic nanoparticles via self-assembly of prefunctionalized π-conjugated oligomers. The engineered design of the nonionic amphiphilic oligomers enables the introduction of different ligands at the extremities of inert ethylene glycol side chains without interfering with the self-assembly process. The intrinsic fluorescence of the nanoparticles permits the measurement of their surface properties and binding to dye-labeled target molecules via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Co-assembly of differently functionalized oligomers is also demonstrated, which enables the tuning of ligand composition and density. Furthermore, nanoparticle prefunctionalization has been combined with subsequent postmodification of azide-bearing oligomers via click chemistry. This allows for expanding ligand diversity at two independent stages in the nanoparticle fabrication process. The practicability of the different methods entails greater control over surface functionality. Through labeling with different ligands, selective binding of proteins, bacteria, and functionalized beads to the nanoparticles has been achieved. This, in combination with the absence of unspecific adsorption, clearly demonstrates the broad potential of these nanoparticles for selective targeting and sequestration. Therefore, controlled bifunctionalization of fluorescent π-conjugated oligomer nanoparticles represents a novel approach with high applicability to multitargeted imaging and sensing in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petkau
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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95
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Prosser BL, Ward CW, Lederer WJ, Muzykantov VR, Tsourkas A, Chung W, Croft GF, Saphier G, Leibel R, Goland R, Wichterle H, Henderson CE, Eggan K. X-ROS signaling: rapid mechano-chemo transduction in heart. Science 2011. [PMID: 8493574 DOI: 10.1126/science] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report that in heart cells, physiologic stretch rapidly activates reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a process dependent on microtubules (X-ROS signaling). ROS production occurs in the sarcolemmal and t-tubule membranes where NOX2 is located and sensitizes nearby ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This triggers a burst of Ca(2+) sparks, the elementary Ca(2+) release events in heart. Although this stretch-dependent "tuning" of RyRs increases Ca(2+) signaling sensitivity in healthy cardiomyocytes, in disease it enables Ca(2+) sparks to trigger arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) waves. In the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperactive X-ROS signaling contributes to cardiomyopathy through aberrant Ca(2+) release from the SR. X-ROS signaling thus provides a mechanistic explanation for the mechanotransduction of Ca(2+) release in the heart and offers fresh therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Prosser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA
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96
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Ogris M, Wagner E. To Be Targeted: Is the Magic Bullet Concept a Viable Option for Synthetic Nucleic Acid Therapeutics? Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:799-807. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Ogris
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 81377, Germany
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97
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Young VEL, Degnan AJ, Gillard JH. Advances in contrast media for vascular imaging of atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Jayapaul J, Hodenius M, Arns S, Lederle W, Lammers T, Comba P, Kiessling F, Gaetjens J. FMN-coated fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles for RCP-mediated targeting and labeling of metabolically active cancer and endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5863-71. [PMID: 21605902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential vitamin for cellular metabolism and is highly upregulated in metabolically active cells. Consequently, targeting the riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) may be a promising strategy for labeling cancer and activated endothelial cells. Therefore, Ultrasmall SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) were adsorptively coated with the endogenous RCP ligand flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which renders them target-specific and fluorescent. The core diameter, surface morphology and surface coverage of the resulting FMN-coated USPIO (FLUSPIO) were evaluated using a variety of physico-chemical characterization techniques (TEM, DLS, MRI and fluorescence spectroscopy). The biocompatibility of FLUSPIO was confirmed using three different cell viability assays (Trypan blue staining, 7-AAD staining and TUNEL). In vitro evaluation of FLUSPIO using MRI and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated high labeling efficiency of cancer cells (PC-3, DU-145, LnCap) and activated endothelial cells (HUVEC). Competition experiments (using MRI and ICP-MS) with a 10- and 100-fold excess of free FMN confirmed RCP-specific uptake of the FLUSPIO by PC-3 cells and HUVEC. Hence, RCP-targeting via FMN may be an elegant way to render nanoparticles fluorescent and to increase the labeling efficacy of cancer and activated endothelial cells. This was shown for FLUSPIO, which due to their high T(2)-relaxivity, are favorably suited for MR cell tracking experiments and cancer detection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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99
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Nie Y, Schaffert D, Rödl W, Ogris M, Wagner E, Günther M. Dual-targeted polyplexes: One step towards a synthetic virus for cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2011; 152:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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100
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Maiseyeu A, Mihai G, Roy S, Kherada N, Simonetti OP, Sen CK, Sun Q, Parthasarathy S, Rajagopalan S. Detection of macrophages via paramagnetic vesicles incorporating oxidatively tailored cholesterol ester: an approach for atherosclerosis imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 5:1341-56. [PMID: 21128718 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Macrophages play a key role in the initiation, progression and complications of atherosclerosis. In this article we describe the synthesis of biocompatible, paramagnetic, fluorescent phosphatidylserine vesicles containing cholesterol ester with a free carboxylic acid function and its use for targeted imaging of macrophages. METHODS & RESULTS We synthesized anionic vesicles containing a combination of phosphatidylserine and a novel synthetic oxidized cholesterol ester derivative (cholesterol-9-carboxynonanoate [9-CCN]). In vitro studies to characterize particle size, MRI relaxation times and stability were performed. Vesicles containing 9-CCN demonstrated enhanced ability to bind human low-density lipoprotein and to be internalized by macrophages. Experiments in cultured macrophages with 9-CCN vesicles, alone and in the presence of low-density lipoprotein, indicated uptake of vesicles through scavenger receptor and integrin-dependent pathways. In vivo MRI using 9-CCN vesicles containing gadolinium in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis revealed protracted enhancement of 9-CCN vesicles and colocalization with arterial macrophages not seen with control vesicles. Pharmacokinetic experiments demonstrated prolonged plasma residence time of 9-CCN vesicles, perhaps due to its capacity to bind to low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION Vesicles containing 9-CCN demonstrate prolonged plasma and plaque retention in experimental atherosclerosis. Such a strategy may represent a simple yet clinically relevant approach for macrophage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Maiseyeu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Room 110, 473 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA
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