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Yeh BM, FitzGerald PF, Edic PM, Lambert JW, Colborn RE, Marino ME, Evans PM, Roberts JC, Wang ZJ, Wong MJ, Bonitatibus PJ. Opportunities for new CT contrast agents to maximize the diagnostic potential of emerging spectral CT technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:201-222. [PMID: 27620496 PMCID: PMC5344792 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of spectral CT imaging in the form of fast clinical dual-energy CT enabled contrast material to be differentiated from other radiodense materials, improved lesion detection in contrast-enhanced scans, and changed the way that existing iodine and barium contrast materials are used in clinical practice. More profoundly, spectral CT can differentiate between individual contrast materials that have different reporter elements such that high-resolution CT imaging of multiple contrast agents can be obtained in a single pass of the CT scanner. These spectral CT capabilities would be even more impactful with the development of contrast materials designed to complement the existing clinical iodine- and barium-based agents. New biocompatible high-atomic number contrast materials with different biodistribution and X-ray attenuation properties than existing agents will expand the diagnostic power of spectral CT imaging without penalties in radiation dose or scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Yeh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, United States.
| | - Paul F FitzGerald
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
| | - Peter M Edic
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
| | - Jack W Lambert
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, United States
| | - Robert E Colborn
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
| | - Michael E Marino
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
| | - Paul M Evans
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, Buckinghamshire HP7 9LL, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannette C Roberts
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, United States
| | - Margaret J Wong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, United States
| | - Peter J Bonitatibus
- General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, United States
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Yang Q, Cong W, Wang G. Superiorization-based multi-energy CT image reconstruction. INVERSE PROBLEMS 2017; 33:044014. [PMID: 28983142 PMCID: PMC5625635 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6420/aa5e0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The recently-developed superiorization approach is efficient and robust for solving various constrained optimization problems. This methodology can be applied to multi-energy CT image reconstruction with the regularization in terms of the prior rank, intensity and sparsity model (PRISM). In this paper, we propose a superiorized version of the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) based on the PRISM model. Then, we compare the proposed superiorized algorithm with the Split-Bregman algorithm in numerical experiments. The results show that both the Superiorized-SART and the Split-Bregman algorithms generate good results with weak noise and reduced artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, United States of America
| | - W Cong
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, United States of America
| | - G Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, United States of America
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53
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Kim T, Lee N, Arifin DR, Shats I, Janowski M, Walczak P, Hyeon T, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Micro-CT Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Gold-Poly-L-Lysine Nanocomplexes. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1604213. [PMID: 28713230 PMCID: PMC5509226 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing in vivo cell tracking is an important prerequisite for further development of cell-based therapy. So far, few computed tomography (CT) cell tracking studies have been described due to its notoriously low sensitivity and lack of efficient labeling protocols. We present a simple method to render human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) sufficiently radiopaque by complexing 40 nm citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with poly-L-lysine (PLL) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). AuNP-PLL-RITC labeling did not affect cellular viability, proliferation, or downstream cell differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes. Labeled hMSCs could be clearly visualized in vitro and in vivo with a micro-CT scanner, with a detection limit of approximately 2×104 cells/μl in vivo. Calculated HU values were 2.27 /pg of intracellular Au as measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), and were linear over a wide range of cell concentrations. This linear CT attenuation was observed for both naked AuNPs and those that were taken up by hMSCs, indicating that the number of labeled cells can be quantified similar to the use of radioactive or fluorine tracers. This approach for CT cell tracking may find applications in CT image-guided interventions and fluoroscopic procedures commonly used for the injection of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dian R Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Irina Shats
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, and Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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Karunamuni R, Naha PC, Lau KC, Al-Zaki A, Popov AV, Delikatny EJ, Tsourkas A, Cormode DP, Maidment ADA. Development of silica-encapsulated silver nanoparticles as contrast agents intended for dual-energy mammography. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:3301-9. [PMID: 26910906 PMCID: PMC4974128 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-energy (DE) mammography has recently entered the clinic. Previous theoretical and phantom studies demonstrated that silver provides greater contrast than iodine for this technique. Our objective was to characterize and evaluate in vivo a prototype silver contrast agent ultimately intended for DE mammography. METHODS The prototype silver contrast agent was synthesized using a three-step process: synthesis of a silver core, silica encapsulation and PEG coating. The nanoparticles were then injected into mice to determine their accumulation in various organs, blood half-life and dual-energy contrast. All animal procedures were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. RESULTS The final diameter of the nanoparticles was measured to be 102 (±9) nm. The particles were removed from the vascular circulation with a half-life of 15 min, and accumulated in macrophage-rich organs such as the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Dual-energy subtraction techniques increased the signal difference-to-noise ratio of the particles by as much as a factor of 15.2 compared to the single-energy images. These nanoparticles produced no adverse effects in mice. CONCLUSION Silver nanoparticles are an effective contrast agent for dual-energy x-ray imaging. With further design improvements, silver nanoparticles may prove valuable in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. KEY POINTS • Silver has potential as a contrast agent for DE mammography. • Silica-coated silver nanoparticles are biocompatible and suited for in vivo use. • Silver nanoparticles produce strong contrast in vivo using DE mammography imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kristen C Lau
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajlan Al-Zaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew D A Maidment
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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56
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Liu Z, Ran X, Liu J, Du Y, Ren J, Qu X. Non-toxic lead sulfide nanodots as efficient contrast agents for visualizing gastrointestinal tract. Biomaterials 2016; 100:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang Y, Jiang C, He W, Ai K, Ren X, Liu L, Zhang M, Lu L. Targeted Imaging of Damaged Bone in Vivo with Gemstone Spectral Computed Tomography. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4164-4172. [PMID: 27043072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high-resolution imaging of bone-cracks and even monitoring them in live organisms are of great significance for understanding their extreme biological effects but remain quite challenging, especially for adopting commercial imaging systems. Herein, we explore the use of the clinical gemstone spectral computed tomography (GSCT) technique as a powerful tool for targeted imaging of bone-cracks in rats via intramuscularly administrating crack-targeted ytterbium-based contrast agents (CAs). Material density images of GSCT reveal that bone-cracks targeted with CAs can be successfully differentiated from healthy bone based on their different X-ray attenuation characteristics, giving GSCT a distinct advantage over conventional CT. More importantly, the superior imaging capability of GSCT allows us to real-time monitor the targeting and accumulation of CAs toward bone-crack in vivo. These results highlight that clinical GSCT, combined with ytterbium-based CAs, provides a promising opportunity for understanding bone-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wenhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Mengchao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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Zhou B, Yang J, Peng C, Zhu J, Tang Y, Zhu X, Shen M, Zhang G, Shi X. PEGylated polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with folic acid for targeted tumor CT imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:489-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Danad I, Fayad ZA, Willemink MJ, Min JK. New Applications of Cardiac Computed Tomography: Dual-Energy, Spectral, and Molecular CT Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 8:710-23. [PMID: 26068288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has evolved into a powerful diagnostic tool, and it is impossible to imagine current clinical practice without CT imaging. Because of its widespread availability, ease of clinical application, superb sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery disease, and noninvasive nature, CT has become a valuable tool within the armamentarium of cardiologists. In the past few years, numerous technological advances in CT have occurred, including dual-energy CT, spectral CT, and CT-based molecular imaging. By harnessing the advances in technology, cardiac CT has advanced beyond the mere evaluation of coronary stenosis to an imaging tool that permits accurate plaque characterization, assessment of myocardial perfusion, and even probing of molecular processes that are involved in coronary atherosclerosis. Novel innovations in CT contrast agents and pre-clinical spectral CT devices have paved the way for CT-based molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Danad
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Martin J Willemink
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - James K Min
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
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Burger M, Sawatzky A, Steidl G. First Order Algorithms in Variational Image Processing. SPLITTING METHODS IN COMMUNICATION, IMAGING, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41589-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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61
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Ashton JR, West JL, Badea CT. In vivo small animal micro-CT using nanoparticle contrast agents. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:256. [PMID: 26581654 PMCID: PMC4631946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most valuable modalities for in vivo imaging because it is fast, high-resolution, cost-effective, and non-invasive. Moreover, CT is heavily used not only in the clinic (for both diagnostics and treatment planning) but also in preclinical research as micro-CT. Although CT is inherently effective for lung and bone imaging, soft tissue imaging requires the use of contrast agents. For small animal micro-CT, nanoparticle contrast agents are used in order to avoid rapid renal clearance. A variety of nanoparticles have been used for micro-CT imaging, but the majority of research has focused on the use of iodine-containing nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Both nanoparticle types can act as highly effective blood pool contrast agents or can be targeted using a wide variety of targeting mechanisms. CT imaging can be further enhanced by adding spectral capabilities to separate multiple co-injected nanoparticles in vivo. Spectral CT, using both energy-integrating and energy-resolving detectors, has been used with multiple contrast agents to enable functional and molecular imaging. This review focuses on new developments for in vivo small animal micro-CT using novel nanoparticle probes applied in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA ; Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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Integration of imaging into clinical practice to assess the delivery and performance of macromolecular and nanotechnology-based oncology therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:295-312. [PMID: 26403800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional and molecular imaging has become increasingly used to evaluate interpatient and intrapatient tumor heterogeneity. Imaging allows for assessment of microenvironment parameters including tumor hypoxia, perfusion and proliferation, as well as tumor metabolism and the intratumoral distribution of specific molecular markers. Imaging information may be used to stratify patients for targeted therapies, and to define patient populations that may benefit from alternative therapeutic approaches. It also provides a method for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response at earlier time-points than traditional cues, such as tumor shrinkage. Further, companion diagnostic imaging techniques are becoming progressively more important for development and clinical implementation of targeted therapies. Imaging-based companion diagnostics are likely to be essential for the validation and FDA approval of targeted nanotherapies and macromolecular medicines. This review describes recent clinical advances in the use of functional and molecular imaging to evaluate the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this article focuses on image-based assessment of distribution and anti-tumor effect of nano- and macromolecular systems.
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64
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Quantitative Spectral K-Edge Imaging in Preclinical Photon-Counting X-Ray Computed Tomography. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:297-304. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Yin C, Hong B, Gong Z, Zhao H, Hu W, Lu X, Li J, Li X, Yang Z, Fan Q, Yao Y, Huang W. Fluorescent oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) contained amphiphiles-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles for targeted magnetic resonance and two-photon optical imaging in vitro and in vivo. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8907-8919. [PMID: 25916546 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptor-targeted multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) composed of cores containing iron oxide nanocrystals and amphiphilic oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) shells with multimodal imaging capability were successfully prepared through a convenient hydrophobic encapsulation approach. The iron oxide nanoparticles in the core provided T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas the amphiphilic oligomers on the surface of the nanoparticles introduced good water-solubility, biocompatibility, excellent fluorescent properties and cancer-targeting. These nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic properties with saturation magnetization (Ms) of 23 emu g(-1) and a transverse relaxivity rate of 140.89 mM(-1) s(-1). In vitro studies indicated that the dual-modal FMNPs can serve as an effective two-photon fluorescent and a magnetic probe to achieve the targeted imaging of Hela cells without obvious cytotoxicity. In vivo two-photon fluorescence and MRI results demonstrated that the FMNPs were able to preferentially accumulate in tumor tissues to allow dual-modal detection of tumors in a living body. These studies provided insight in developing novel multifunctional probes for multimodal imaging, which would play an important role for theranostics in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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66
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An efficient nano-based theranostic system for multi-modal imaging-guided photothermal sterilization in gastrointestinal tract. Biomaterials 2015; 56:206-18. [PMID: 25934293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since understanding the healthy status of gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is of vital importance, clinical implementation for GI tract-related disease have attracted much more attention along with the rapid development of modern medicine. Here, a multifunctional theranostic system combining X-rays/CT/photothermal/photoacoustic mapping of GI tract and imaging-guided photothermal anti-bacterial treatment is designed and constructed. PEGylated W18O49 nanosheets (PEG-W18O49) are created via a facile solvothermal method and an in situ probe-sonication approach. In terms of excellent colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, and neglectable hemolysis of PEG-W18O49, we demonstrate the first example of high-performance four-modal imaging of GI tract by using these nanosheets as contrast agents. More importantly, due to their intrinsic absorption of NIR light, glutaraldehyde-modified PEG-W18O49 are successfully applied as fault-free targeted photothermal agents for imaging-guided killing of bacteria on a mouse infection model. Critical to pre-clinical and clinical prospects, long-term toxicity is further investigated after oral administration of these theranostic agents. These kinds of tungsten-based nanomaterials exhibit great potential as multi-modal contrast agents for directed visualization of GI tract and anti-bacterial agents for phothothermal sterilization.
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67
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DAI C, CHEN S, WANG C, ZHANG L, GE K, ZHANG J. Ytterbium ion promotes apoptosis of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells? J RARE EARTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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68
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Wang H, Thorling CA, Liang X, Bridle KR, Grice JE, Zhu Y, Crawford DHG, Xu ZP, Liu X, Roberts MS. Diagnostic imaging and therapeutic application of nanoparticles targeting the liver. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:939-958. [PMID: 32261972 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases, particularly viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, are common in clinical practice with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many substances for diagnostic imaging and therapy of liver diseases may have either severe adverse effects or insufficient effectiveness in vivo because of their nonspecific uptake. Therefore, by targeting the delivery of drugs into the liver or specific liver cells, drug efficiency may be largely improved. This review summarizes the up-to-date research progress focusing on nanoparticles targeting the liver for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Targeting strategies, mechanisms of enhanced effects, and clinical applications of nanoparticles are discussed specifically. We believe that new targeting nanotechnology such as nanoprobes for multi-modality imaging and multifunctional nanoparticles would facilitate significant advancements in this active research area in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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69
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Du Y, Xing M, Li Z, Guo W. PEGylated Gd(OH)3 nanorods as metabolizable contrast agents for computed tomography imaging. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated Gd(OH)3 nanorods have been efficiently prepared via a facile and green hydrothermal route and used as a metabolizable computed tomography contrast agent for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Du
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- and School of Life Science
- Jilin University
| | - Ming Xing
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- and School of Life Science
- Jilin University
| | - Zhiman Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine
- and School of Life Science
- Jilin University
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70
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Wang B, Wang Y, Liu C, Feng X, Yang G, Wang H. Achieving accelerated osteogenic differentiation via novel magnesium silicate hollow spheres. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel MgSiO3 hollow spheres have been rationally designed and applied as promising candidates for osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixiang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanxia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology
- Medical College
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310000
- P. R. China
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71
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Wu D, Song L, Qi Z, Qu D. One-pot and facile synthesis of anti-biofouling polymer-modified gadolinium-based nanoprobes for dual-modal imaging and long-lasting tracking. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated gadolinium hydroxycarbonate nanoparticles have been designed and synthesized via a one-pot facile route and successfully applied as high-performance dual-modal contrast agents for X-ray CT and MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Color Ultrasonic Room
- Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University
- Chifeng 024005
- China
| | - Lingling Song
- Coordination Administration Office
- Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University
- Chifeng 024005
- China
| | - Zhenping Qi
- CT Room
- Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University
- Chifeng 024005
- China
| | - Dapeng Qu
- Coordination Administration Office
- Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University
- Chifeng 024005
- China
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72
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Ba Z, Zhang Y, Wei J, Han J, Wang Z, Shao G. Large-scale synthesis of PEGylated lutetium hydroxycarbonates as nanoparticulate contrast agents for X-ray CT imaging. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated lutetium hydroxycarbonate nanoparticles have been prepared via a large-scale strategy and successfully used as high-performance contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography imaging with neglectable systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Ba
- Department of Radiology
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Radiology
- Laigang Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University
- Laiwu
- P. R. China
| | - Junpei Wei
- Department of Radiology
- People's Hospital of Xintai City
- Xintai
- P. R. China
| | - Jiwu Han
- Department of Radiology
- Laigang Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University
- Laiwu
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Department of Radiology
- Laigang Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University
- Laiwu
- P. R. China
| | - Guangrui Shao
- Department of Radiology
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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73
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Toy R, Bauer L, Hoimes C, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:79-97. [PMID: 25116445 PMCID: PMC4169743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticle imaging agents provide many benefits and new opportunities to facilitate accurate diagnosis of cancer and significantly impact patient outcome. Due to the highly engineerable nature of nanotechnology, targeted nanoparticles exhibit significant advantages including increased contrast sensitivity, binding avidity and targeting specificity. Considering the various nanoparticle designs and their adjustable ability to target a specific site and generate detectable signals, nanoparticles can be optimally designed in terms of biophysical interactions (i.e., intravascular and interstitial transport) and biochemical interactions (i.e., targeting avidity towards cancer-related biomarkers) for site-specific detection of very distinct microenvironments. This review seeks to illustrate that the design of a nanoparticle dictates its in vivo journey and targeting of hard-to-reach cancer sites, facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and interrogation of the most aggressive forms of cancer. We will report various targeted nanoparticles for cancer imaging using X-ray computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging and optical imaging. Finally, to realize the full potential of targeted nanotechnology for cancer imaging, we will describe the challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation and widespread adaptation of targeted nanoparticles imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Toy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Hoimes
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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74
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Anderson NG, Butler AP. Clinical applications of spectral molecular imaging: potential and challenges. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:3-12. [PMID: 24470290 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spectral molecular imaging is a new X-ray-based imaging technology providing highly specific 3D imaging at high spatial resolution that has the potential to measure disease activity and response to treatment noninvasively. The ability to identify and quantify components of tissue and biomarkers of disease activity derive from the properties of the photon-processing detector. Multiple narrow sections of the energy spectrum are sampled simultaneously, providing a range of energy dependent Hounsfield units. As each material has a specific measurable X-ray spectrum, spectroscopic imaging allows for multiple materials to be quantified and differentiated from each other simultaneously. The technology, currently in its infancy, is set to grow rapidly, much as magnetic resonance did. The critical clinical applications have not yet been established, but it is likely to play a major role in identifying and directing treatment for unstable atherosclerotic plaque, assessing activity and response to treatment of a range of inflammatory diseases, and monitoring biomarkers of cancer and its treatment. If combined with Positron-emission tomography (PET), spectral molecular imaging could have a far greater effective role in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring than PET-CT does at present. It is currently used for small animal and specimen imaging. There are many challenges to be overcome before spectral imaging can be introduced into clinical medicine - these include technological improvements to detector design, bonding to the semiconductor layer, image reconstruction and display software, identifying which biomarkers are of most relevance to the disease in question, and accelerating drug discovery enabled by the new capabilities provided by spectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Anderson
- Academic Radiology and Centre for Bioengineering, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Medical Imaging, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
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75
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Cormode DP, Naha PC, Fayad ZA. Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:37-52. [PMID: 24470293 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray-based whole-body imaging technique that is widely used in medicine. Clinically approved contrast agents for CT are iodinated small molecules or barium suspensions. Over the past seven years there has been a great increase in the development of nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several advantages over small molecule CT contrast agents, such as long blood-pool residence times and the potential for cell tracking and targeted imaging applications. Furthermore, there is a need for novel CT contrast agents, owing to the growing population of renally impaired patients and patients hypersensitive to iodinated contrast. Micelles and lipoproteins, a micelle-related class of nanoparticle, have notably been adapted as CT contrast agents. In this review we discuss the principles of CT image formation and the generation of CT contrast. We discuss the progress in developing nontargeted, targeted and cell tracking nanoparticle CT contrast agents. We feature agents based on micelles and used in conjunction with spectral CT. The large contrast agent doses needed will necessitate careful toxicology studies prior to clinical translation. However, the field has seen tremendous advances in the past decade and we expect many more advances to come in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cormode
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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76
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Sawatzky A, Xu Q, Schirra CO, Anastasio MA. Proximal ADMM for multi-channel image reconstruction in spectral X-ray CT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2014; 33:1657-68. [PMID: 24802167 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2321098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of spectral X-ray computed tomography (CT) using binned photon-counting detectors has received great attention in recent years and has enabled selective imaging of contrast agents loaded with K-edge materials. A practical issue in implementing this technique is the mitigation of the high-noise levels often present in material-decomposed sinogram data. In this work, the spectral X-ray CT reconstruction problem is formulated within a multi-channel (MC) framework in which statistical correlations between the decomposed material sinograms can be exploited to improve image quality. Specifically, a MC penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) estimator is formulated in which the data fidelity term is weighted by the MC covariance matrix and sparsity-promoting penalties are employed. This allows the use of any number of basis materials and is therefore applicable to photon-counting systems and K-edge imaging. To overcome numerical challenges associated with use of the full covariance matrix as a data fidelity weight, a proximal variant of the alternating direction method of multipliers is employed to minimize the MC PWLS objective function. Computer-simulation and experimental phantom studies are conducted to quantitatively evaluate the proposed reconstruction method.
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77
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Liu Z, Dong K, Liu J, Han X, Ren J, Qu X. Anti-biofouling polymer-decorated lutetium-based nanoparticulate contrast agents for in vivo high-resolution trimodal imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2429-38. [PMID: 24610806 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained considerable attention and interest in the development of novel and high-resolution contrast agents for medical diagnosis and prognosis in clinic. A classical urea-based homogeneous precipitation route that combines the merits of in situ thermal decomposition and surface modification is introduced to construct polyethylene glycol molecule (PEG)-decorated hybrid lutetium oxide nanoparticles (PEG-UCNPs). By utilizing the admirable optical and magnetic properties of the yielded PEG-UCNPs, in vivo up-conversion luminescence and T1 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of small animals are conducted, revealing obvious signals after subcutaneous and intravenous injection, respectively. Due to the strong X-ray absorption and high atomic number of lanthanide elements, X-ray computed-tomography imaging based on PEG-UCNPs is then designed and carried out, achieving excellent imaging outcome in animal experiments. This is the first example of the usage of hybrid lutetium oxide nanoparticles as effective nanoprobes. Furthermore, biodistribution, clearance route, as well as long-term toxicity are investigated in detail after intravenous injection in a murine model, indicating the overall safety of PEG-UCNPs. Compared with previous lanthanide fluorides, our nanoprobes exhibit more advantages, such as facile construction process and nearly total excretion from the animal body within a month. Taken together, these results promise the use of PEG-UCNPs as a safe and efficient nanoparticulate contrast agent for potential application in multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources, Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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78
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhu X, Liu Q, Cao T, Peng J, Yang Y, Feng W, Li F. Lanthanide-based nanocrystals as dual-modal probes for SPECT and X-ray CT imaging. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4699-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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79
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Xu Q, Sawatzky A, Anastasio MA, Schirra CO. Sparsity-regularized image reconstruction of decomposed K-edge data in spectral CT. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:N65-79. [PMID: 24778365 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/10/n65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of spectral computed tomography (CT) using binned photon-counting detectors has garnered great interest in recent years and has enabled selective imaging of K-edge materials. A practical challenge in CT image reconstruction of K-edge materials is the mitigation of image artifacts that arise from reduced-view and/or noisy decomposed sinogram data. In this note, we describe and investigate sparsity-regularized penalized weighted least squares-based image reconstruction algorithms for reconstructing K-edge images from few-view decomposed K-edge sinogram data. To exploit the inherent sparseness of typical K-edge images, we investigate use of a total variation (TV) penalty and a weighted sum of a TV penalty and an ℓ1-norm with a wavelet sparsifying transform. Computer-simulation and experimental phantom studies are conducted to quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed reconstruction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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80
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Derivation of attenuation map for attenuation correction of PET data in the presence of nanoparticulate contrast agents using spectral CT imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2014; 28:559-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-014-0846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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81
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Recent advances in ytterbium-based contrast agents forin vivoX-ray computed tomography imaging: promises and prospects. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:26-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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82
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Pan D, Schirra CO, Wickline SA, Lanza GM. Multicolor computed tomographic molecular imaging with noncrystalline high-metal-density nanobeacons. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:13-25. [PMID: 24470291 PMCID: PMC4076970 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most frequently pursued radiology technologies applied in the clinics today and in the preclinical field of biomedical imaging. Myriad advances have been made to make this technique more powerful with improved signal sensitivity, rapid image acquisition and faster reconstruction. Synergistic development of novel nanoparticles has been adopted to produce the next-generation CT contrasts agents for imaging specific biological markers. Nanometer-sized agents are anticipated to play a critical part in the prospect of medical diagnostics owing to their capabilities of targeting specific biological markers, extended blood circulation time and defined biological clearance. This review paper introduces the readers to the fundamental design principles of nanoparticulate CT contrast agents with a special emphasis on molecular imaging with noncrystalline high-metal-density nanobeacons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 and Philips Medical System, Briarcliff, NY
| | - Carsten O. Schirra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 and Philips Medical System, Briarcliff, NY
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 and Philips Medical System, Briarcliff, NY
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 and Philips Medical System, Briarcliff, NY
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83
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Liu Z, Ju E, Liu J, Du Y, Li Z, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X. Direct visualization of gastrointestinal tract with lanthanide-doped BaYbF5 upconversion nanoprobes. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7444-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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84
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Yin Q, Yap FY, Yin L, Ma L, Zhou Q, Dobrucki LW, Fan TM, Gaba RC, Cheng J. Poly(iohexol) nanoparticles as contrast agents for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13620-3. [PMID: 23987119 PMCID: PMC4232444 DOI: 10.1021/ja405196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible poly(iohexol) nanoparticles, prepared through cross-linking of iohexol and hexamethylene diisocyanate followed by coprecipitation of the resulting cross-linked polymer with mPEG-polylactide, were utilized as contrast agents for in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Compared to conventional small-molecule contrast agents, poly(iohexol) nanoparticles exhibited substantially protracted retention within the tumor bed and a 36-fold increase in CT contrast 4 h post injection, which makes it possible to acquire CT images with improved diagnosis accuracy over a broad time frame without multiple administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Felix Y. Yap
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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85
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Ghadiri H, Ay MR, Shiran MB, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Zaidi H. K-edge ratio method for identification of multiple nanoparticulate contrast agents by spectral CT imaging. Br J Radiol 2013; 86:20130308. [PMID: 23934964 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently introduced energy-sensitive X-ray CT makes it feasible to discriminate different nanoparticulate contrast materials. The purpose of this work is to present a K-edge ratio method for differentiating multiple simultaneous contrast agents using spectral CT. METHODS The ratio of two images relevant to energy bins straddling the K-edge of the materials is calculated using an analytic CT simulator. In the resulting parametric map, the selected contrast agent regions can be identified using a thresholding algorithm. The K-edge ratio algorithm is applied to spectral images of simulated phantoms to identify and differentiate up to four simultaneous and targeted CT contrast agents. RESULTS We show that different combinations of simultaneous CT contrast agents can be identified by the proposed K-edge ratio method when energy-sensitive CT is used. In the K-edge parametric maps, the pixel values for biological tissues and contrast agents reach a maximum of 0.95, whereas for the selected contrast agents, the pixel values are larger than 1.10. The number of contrast agents that can be discriminated is limited owing to photon starvation. For reliable material discrimination, minimum photon counts corresponding to 140 kVp, 100 mAs and 5-mm slice thickness must be used. CONCLUSION The proposed K-edge ratio method is a straightforward and fast method for identification and discrimination of multiple simultaneous CT contrast agents. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A new spectral CT-based algorithm is proposed which provides a new concept of molecular CT imaging by non-iteratively identifying multiple contrast agents when they are simultaneously targeting different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghadiri
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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86
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Schirra CO, Roessl E, Koehler T, Brendel B, Thran A, Pan D, Anastasio MA, Proksa R. Statistical reconstruction of material decomposed data in spectral CT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2013; 32:1249-1257. [PMID: 23475351 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2013.2250991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photon-counting detector technology has enabled the first experimental investigations of energy-resolved computed tomography (CT) imaging and the potential use for K-edge imaging. However, limitations in regards to detecter technology have been imposing a limit to effective count rates. As a consequence, this has resulted in high noise levels in the obtained images given scan time limitations in CT imaging applications. It has been well recognized in the area of low-dose imaging with conventional CT that iterative image reconstruction provides a superior signal to noise ratio compared to traditional filtered backprojection techniques. Furthermore, iterative reconstruction methods also allow for incorporation of a roughness penalty function in order to make a trade-off between noise and spatial resolution in the reconstructed images. In this work, we investigate statistically-principled iterative image reconstruction from material-decomposed sinograms in spectral CT. The proposed reconstruction algorithm seeks to minimize a penalized likelihood-based cost functional, where the parameters of the likelihood function are estimated by computing the Fisher information matrix associated with the material decomposition step. The performance of the proposed reconstruction method is quantitatively investigated by use of computer-simulated and experimental phantom data. The potential for improved K-edge imaging is also demonstrated in an animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten O Schirra
- Philips Research North America, Clinical Informatics, Interventional and Translational Solutions, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510, USA.
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87
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Liu Z, Pu F, Liu J, Jiang L, Yuan Q, Li Z, Ren J, Qu X. PEGylated hybrid ytterbia nanoparticles as high-performance diagnostic probes for in vivo magnetic resonance and X-ray computed tomography imaging with low systemic toxicity. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4252-4261. [PMID: 23546530 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel nanoparticulate contrast agents with low systemic toxicity and inexpensive character have exhibited more advantages over routinely used small molecular contrast agents for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Herein, we designed and synthesized PEGylated hybrid ytterbia nanoparticles as high-performance nanoprobes for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging both in vitro and in vivo. These well-defined nanoparticles were facile to prepare and cost-effective, meeting the criteria as a biomedical material. Compared with routinely used Iobitridol in clinic, our PEG-Yb2O3:Gd nanoparticles could provide much significantly enhanced contrast upon various clinical voltages ranging from 80 kVp to 140 kVp owing to the high atomic number and well-positioned K-edge energy of ytterbium. By the doping of gadolinium, our nanoparticulate contrast agent could perform perfect MR imaging simultaneously, revealing similar organ enrichment and bio-distribution with the CT imaging results. The super improvement in imaging efficiency was mainly attributed to the high content of Yb and Gd in a single nanoparticle, thus making these nanoparticles suitable for dual-modal diagnostic imaging with a low single-injection dose. In addition, detailed toxicological study in vitro and in vivo indicated that uniformly sized PEG-Yb2O3:Gd nanoparticles possessed excellent biocompatibility and revealed overall safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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88
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Lee N, Choi SH, Hyeon T. Nano-sized CT contrast agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2641-60. [PMID: 23553799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most widely used clinical imaging modalities. In order to increase the sensitivity of CT, small iodinated compounds are used as injectable contrast agents. However, the iodinated contrast agents are excreted through the kidney and have short circulation times. This rapid renal clearance not only restricts in vivo applications that require long circulation times but also sometimes induces serious adverse effects related to the excretion pathway. In addition, the X-ray attenuation of iodine is not efficient for clinical CT that uses high-energy X-ray. Due to these limitations, nano-sized iodinated CT contrast agents have been developed that can increase the circulation time and decrease the adverse effects. In addition to iodine, nanoparticles based on heavy atoms such as gold, lanthanides, and tantalum are used as more efficient CT contrast agents. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses made in nano-sized CT contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohyun Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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89
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Sun Y, Peng J, Feng W, Li F. Upconversion nanophosphors Naluf₄:Yb,Tm for lymphatic imaging in vivo by real-time upconversion luminescence imaging under ambient light and high-resolution X-ray CT. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:346-53. [PMID: 23650481 PMCID: PMC3645060 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP) has attracted increasing attention for potential applications in bioimaging due to its excellence in deep and high contrast imaging. To date, most upconversion imaging applications were demonstrated in dark surroundings without ambient light for higher signal-to-noise ratio, which hindered the application of optical imaging guided surgery. Herein, the new established NaLuF4-based UCNP (NaLuF4:Yb,Tm, ~17 nm) with bright upconversion emission around 800 nm as imaging signal was used to realize imaging under ambient light to provide more convenient for clinician. Moreover, due to the existance of heavy element lutetium (Lu) in the host lattice, the NaLuF4:Yb,Tm nanoparticles can also be used as an X-ray CT imaging agent to enhance the imaging depth and in vivo imaging resolution.
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90
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Mieszawska AJ, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA, Cormode DP. Multifunctional gold nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of disease. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:831-47. [PMID: 23360440 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a number of physical properties that make them appealing for medical applications. For example, the attenuation of X-rays by gold nanoparticles has led to their use in computed tomography imaging and as adjuvants for radiotherapy. AuNPs have numerous other applications in imaging, therapy and diagnostic systems. The advanced state of synthetic chemistry of gold nanoparticles offers precise control over physicochemical and optical properties. Furthermore gold cores are inert and are considered to be biocompatible and nontoxic. The surface of gold nanoparticles can easily be modified for a specific application, and ligands for targeting, drugs or biocompatible coatings can be introduced. AuNPs can be incorporated into larger structures such as polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes that deliver large payloads for enhanced diagnostic applications, efficiently encapsulate drugs for concurrent therapy or add additional imaging labels. This array of features has led to the aforementioned applications in biomedical fields, but more recently in approaches where multifunctional gold nanoparticles are used for multiple methods, such as concurrent diagnosis and therapy, so-called theranostics. This review covers basic principles and recent findings in gold nanoparticle applications for imaging, therapy and diagnostics, with a focus on reports of multifunctional AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta J Mieszawska
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute and Imaging Science Laboratories, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
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91
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Liu Z, Pu F, Huang S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X. Long-circulating Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ up-conversion nanoprobes as high-performance contrast agents for multi-modality imaging. Biomaterials 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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92
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Jin Y, Liu J, Zheng Q, Xu J, Sharma BR, He G, Yan M, Zhang L, Song Y, Li T, Yuan Q, Sun Y, Yang H. One-pot synthesis of water-stable gadolinium-doped Yb(OH)CO3 nanoprobes for in vivo dual MR and CT imaging. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Liu Z, Li Z, Liu J, Gu S, Yuan Q, Ren J, Qu X. Long-circulating Er3+-doped Yb2O3 up-conversion nanoparticle as an in vivo X-Ray CT imaging contrast agent. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6748-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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94
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Schirra CO, Senpan A, Roessl E, Thran A, Stacy AJ, Wu L, Proska R, Pan D. Second Generation Gold Nanobeacons for Robust K-Edge Imaging with Multi-Energy CT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23185109 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectral CT is the newest advancement in CT imaging technology, which enhances traditional CT images with the capability to image and quantify certain elements based on their distinctive K-edge energies. K-edge imaging feature recognizes high accumulations of targeted elements and presents them as colorized voxels against the normal grayscale X-ray background offering promise to overcome the relatively low inherent contrast within soft tissue and distinguish the high attenuation of calcium from contrast enhanced targets. Towards this aim, second generation gold nanobeacons (GNB(2)), which incorporate at least five times more metal than the previous generation was developed. The particles were synthesized as lipid-encapsulated, vascularly constrained (>120 nm) nanoparticle incorporating tiny gold nanoparticles (2-4 nm) within a polysorbate core. The choice of core material dictated to achieve a higher metal loading. The particles were thoroughly characterized by physicochemical techniques. This study reports one of the earlier examples of spectral CT imaging with gold nanoparticles demonstrating the potential for targeted in vitro and in vivo imaging and eliminates calcium interference with CT. The use of statistical image reconstruction shows high SNR may allow dose reduction and/or faster scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten O Schirra
- C-TRAIN and Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63108
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