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Juling S, Niedzwiecka A, Böhmert L, Lichtenstein D, Selve S, Braeuning A, Thünemann AF, Krause E, Lampen A. Protein Corona Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles Links to Their Cellular Effects. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4020-4034. [PMID: 28929768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The breadth of applications of nanoparticles and the access to food-associated consumer products containing nanosized materials lead to oral human exposure to such particles. In biological fluids nanoparticles dynamically interact with biomolecules and form a protein corona. Knowledge about the protein corona is of great interest for understanding the molecular effects of particles as well as their fate inside the human body. We used a mass spectrometry-based toxicoproteomics approach to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles and to comprehensively characterize the protein corona formed around silver nanoparticles in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. Results were compared with respect to the cellular function of proteins either affected by exposure to nanoparticles or present in the protein corona. A transcriptomic data set was included in the analyses in order to obtain a combined multiomics view of nanoparticle-affected cellular processes. A relationship between corona proteins and the proteomic or transcriptomic responses was revealed, showing that differentially regulated proteins or transcripts were engaged in the same cellular signaling pathways. Protein corona analyses of nanoparticles in cells might therefore help in obtaining information about the molecular consequences of nanoparticle treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Juling
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicia Niedzwiecka
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Böhmert
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Selve
- Technical University Berlin, ZE Electronmicroscopy , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- BAM, German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing , Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology , Robert-Roessle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- BfR, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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52
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Salili SM, Worden M, Nemati A, Miller DW, Hegmann T. Synthesis of Distinct Iron Oxide Nanomaterial Shapes Using Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Solvents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E211. [PMID: 28767058 PMCID: PMC5575693 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A room temperature reduction-hydrolysis of Fe(III) precursors such as FeCl₃ or Fe(acac)₃ in various lyotropic liquid crystal phases (lamellar, hexagonal columnar, or micellar) formed by a range of ionic or neutral surfactants in H₂O is shown to be an effective and mild approach for the preparation of iron oxide (IO) nanomaterials with several morphologies (shapes and dimensions), such as extended thin nanosheets with lateral dimensions of several hundred nanometers as well as smaller nanoflakes and nanodiscs in the tens of nanometers size regime. We will discuss the role of the used surfactants and lyotropic liquid crystal phases as well as the shape and size differences depending upon when and how the resulting nanomaterials were isolated from the reaction mixture. The presented synthetic methodology using lyotropic liquid crystal solvents should be widely applicable to several other transition metal oxides for which the described reduction-hydrolysis reaction sequence is a suitable pathway to obtain nanoscale particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Muhammad Salili
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
| | - Matthew Worden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
| | - Ahlam Nemati
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
| | - Donald W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.
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53
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Kokkinopoulou M, Simon J, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Lieberwirth I. Visualization of the protein corona: towards a biomolecular understanding of nanoparticle-cell-interactions. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8858-8870. [PMID: 28632260 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers in biology and medicine is complicated by the current need to understand how nanoparticles interact in complex biological surroundings. When nanocarriers come into contact with serum, proteins immediately adsorb onto their surface, forming a protein corona which defines their biological identity. Although the composition of the protein corona has been widely determined by proteomics, its morphology still remains unclear. In this study we show for the first time the morphology of the protein corona using transmission electron microscopy. We are able to demonstrate that the protein corona is not, as commonly supposed, a dense, layered shell coating the nanoparticle, but an undefined, loose network of proteins. Additionally, we are now able to visualize and discriminate between the soft and hard corona using centrifugation-based separation techniques together with proteomic characterization. The protein composition of the ∼15 nm hard corona strongly depends on the surface chemistry of the respective nanomaterial, thus further affecting cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. Large diameter protein corona resulting from pre-incubation with soft corona or Apo-A1 inhibits cellular uptake, confirming the stealth-effect mechanism. In summary, the knowledge on protein corona formation, composition and morphology is essential to design therapeutic effective nanoparticle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kokkinopoulou
- Max Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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54
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Landgraf L, Nordmeyer D, Schmiel P, Gao Q, Ritz S, S Gebauer J, Graß S, Diabaté S, Treuel L, Graf C, Rühl E, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Weiss C, Zellner R, Hilger I. Validation of weak biological effects by round robin experiments: cytotoxicity/biocompatibility of SiO 2 and polymer nanoparticles in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4341. [PMID: 28659574 PMCID: PMC5489506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, different types of nanomaterials with a diversified spectrum of applications are designed and developed, especially in the field of nanomedicine. The great variety of nanoparticles (NPs), in vitro test systems and cell lines led to a vast amount of publications with conflicting data. To identify the decisive principles of these variabilities, we conducted an intercomparison study of collaborating laboratories within the German DFG Priority Program SPP1313, using well-defined experimental parameters and well-characterized NPs. The participants analyzed the in vitro biocompatibility of silica and polymer NPs on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Nanoparticle mediated effects on cell metabolism, internalization, and inflammation were measured. All laboratories showed that both nanoparticle formulations were internalized and had a low cytotoxicity profile. Interestingly, small variations in nanoparticle preparation, cell handling and the type of culture slide influenced the nanoparticle stability and the outcomes of cell assays. The round robin test demonstrated the importance of the use of clearly defined and characterized NPs and parameters for reproducible results across laboratories. Comparative analyses of in vitro screening methods performed in multiple laboratories are absolutely essential to establish robust standard operation procedure as a prerequisite for sound hazard assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Landgraf
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Nordmeyer
- Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Hochschulstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Schmiel
- Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Hochschulstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Qi Gao
- Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Hochschulstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia S Gebauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Graß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lennart Treuel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45128, Essen, Germany.,Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Graf
- Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Hochschulstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie, Hochschulstrasse 2, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medicine of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zellner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Department of Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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55
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Chan WCW, Khademhosseini A, Parak WJ, Weiss PS. Cancer: Approaches from Nanoscience and Technology Approaches. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4375-4376. [PMID: 28532157 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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56
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Yue Y, Li X, Sigg L, Suter MJF, Pillai S, Behra R, Schirmer K. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with algae and fish cells: a side by side comparison. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28245850 PMCID: PMC5331694 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely applied and can, upon use, be released into the aquatic environment. This raises concerns about potential impacts of AgNP on aquatic organisms. We here present a side by side comparison of the interaction of AgNP with two contrasting cell types: algal cells, using the algae Euglena gracilis as model, and fish cells, a cell line originating from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill (RTgill-W1). The comparison is based on the AgNP behavior in exposure media, toxicity, uptake and interaction with proteins. Results (1) The composition of exposure media affected AgNP behavior and toxicity to algae and fish cells. (2) The toxicity of AgNP to algae was mediated by dissolved silver while nanoparticle specific effects in addition to dissolved silver contributed to the toxicity of AgNP to fish cells. (3) AgNP did not enter into algal cells; they only adsorbed onto the cell surface. In contrast, AgNP were taken up by fish cells via endocytic pathways. (4) AgNP can bind to both extracellular and intracellular proteins and inhibit enzyme activity. Conclusion Our results showed that fish cells take up AgNP in contrast to algal cells, where AgNP sorbed onto the cell surface, which indicates that the cell wall of algae is a barrier to particle uptake. This particle behaviour results in different responses to AgNP exposure in algae and fish cells. Yet, proteins from both cell types can be affected by AgNP exposure: for algae, extracellular proteins secreted from cells for, e.g., nutrient acquisition. For fish cells, intracellular and/or membrane-bound proteins, such as the Na+/K+-ATPase, are susceptible to AgNP binding and functional impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, 0454, Norway
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Sigg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), ETH-Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,, Wattstrasse 13a, 8307, Effretikon, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), ETH-Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Smitha Pillai
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), ETH-Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renata Behra
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), ETH-Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), ETH-Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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57
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A high-throughput bioimaging study to assess the impact of chitosan-based nanoparticle degradation on DNA delivery performance. Acta Biomater 2016; 46:129-140. [PMID: 27686038 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
By using imaging flow cytometry as a powerful statistical high-throughput technique we investigated the impact of degradation on the biological performance of trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-based nanoparticles (NPs). In order to achieve high transfection efficiencies, a precise balance between NP stability and degradation must occur. We altered the biodegradation rate of the TMC NPs by varying the degree of acetylation (DA) of the polymer (DA ranged from 4 to 21%), giving rise to NPs with different enzymatic degradation profiles. While this parameter did not affect NP size, charge or ability to protect plasmid DNA, NPs based on TMC with an intermediate DA (16%) showed the highest transfection efficiency. Subsequently, by means of a single quantitative technique, we were able to follow, for each tested formulation, major steps of the NP-mediated gene delivery process - NP cell membrane association, internalization and intracellular trafficking, including plasmid DNA transport towards the nucleus. NP cytotoxicity was also possible to determine by quantification of cell apoptosis. Overall, the obtained data revealed that the biodegradation rate of these NPs affects their intracellular trafficking and, consequently, their efficiency to transfect cells. Thus, one can use the polymer DA to modulate the NPs towards attaining different degradation rates and tune their bioactivity according to the desired application. Furthermore, this novel technical approach revealed to be a valuable tool for the initial steps of nucleic acid vector design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE By changing the biodegradation rate of trimethyl chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) one was able to alter the NP ability to protect or efficiently release DNA and consequently, to modulate their intracellular dynamics. To address the influence of NP degradation rate in their transfection efficiency we took advantage of imaging flow cytometry, a high-throughput bioimaging technique, to unravel some critical aspects about NP formulation such as the distinction between internalized versus cell-associated/adsorbed NP, and even explore NP intracellular localization. Overall, our work provides novel information about the importance of vector degradation rate for gene delivery into cells, as a way to tune gene expression as a function of the desired application, and advances novel approaches to optimize nanoparticle formulation.
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58
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Tonigold M, Mailänder V. Endocytosis and intracellular processing of nanoparticles in dendritic cells: routes to effective immunonanomedicines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2625-2630. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tonigold
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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59
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Chen D, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Zhang LW. Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27418010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NP) have been used for biomedical applications especially for imaging. Compared to nonmetallic NP, metallic NP provide high contrast images because of their optical light scattering, magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, or other physicochemical properties. In this review, a series of in vitro imaging techniques for metallic NP will be introduced, meanwhile their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. By utilizing these imaging methods, the cellular uptake of metallic NP can be easily visualized to better understand the endocytic mechanisms of NP intracellular delivery. Several types of metallic NP that are used for imaging or as contrast agents such as quantum dots, gold, iron oxide, and other metallic NP will be presented. Cellular uptake of metallic NP and associated endocytic mechanisms highly depends upon the NP size, charge, surface coating, shape, or other factors such as cell type, cell differentiation status, cell surface status, external forces, protein binding, temperature, and the biological milieu. Classical endocytic routes such as lipid raft-mediated pathways, clathrin or caveolae-mediated pathways, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis have been investigated, yet there is still a demand to determine other endocytic pathways. Knowing the different methodologies used to determine the endocytic pathways will increase the understanding of NP toxicity, cancer cell targeting, and imaging, so that surface coatings can be created for efficient cell uptake of metallic NP with minimal cytotoxicity WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1419. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1419 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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60
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Schöttler S, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Die Steuerung des Stealth-Effekts von Nanoträgern durch das Verständnis der Proteinkorona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Hautklinik; Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Langenbeckstraße 1 55131 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Hautklinik; Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Langenbeckstraße 1 55131 Mainz Deutschland
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61
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Schöttler S, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Controlling the Stealth Effect of Nanocarriers through Understanding the Protein Corona. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8806-15. [PMID: 27303916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a significant increase in interest in the use of polymeric nanocarriers in medical applications. In particular, when used as drug vectors in targeted delivery, nanocarriers could overcome many obstacles for drug therapy. Nevertheless, their application is still impeded by the complex composition of the blood proteins covering the particle surface, termed the protein corona. The protein corona complicates any prediction of cell interactions, biodistribution, and toxicity. In particular, the unspecific uptake of nanocarriers is a major obstacle in clinical studies. This Minireview provides an overview of what we currently know about the characteristics of the protein corona of nanocarriers, with a focus on surface functionalization that reduces unspecific uptake (the stealth effect). The ongoing improvement of nanocarriers to allow them to meet all the requirements necessary for successful application, including targeted delivery and stealth, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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62
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Tomcin S, Kelsch A, Staff RH, Landfester K, Zentel R, Mailänder V. HPMA-based block copolymers promote differential drug delivery kinetics for hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:12-22. [PMID: 26772526 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method how polymeric nanoparticles stabilized with (2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based block copolymers are used as drug delivery systems for a fast release of hydrophobic and a controlled release of an amphiphilic molecule. The versatile method of the miniemulsion solvent-evaporation technique was used to prepare polystyrene (PS) as well as poly-d/l-lactide (PDLLA) nanoparticles. Covalently bound or physically adsorbed fluorescent dyes labeled the particles' core and their block copolymer corona. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in combination with flow cytometry measurements were applied to demonstrate the burst release of a fluorescent hydrophobic drug model without the necessity of nanoparticle uptake. In addition, CLSM studies and quantitative calculations using the image processing program Volocity® show the intracellular detachment of the amphiphilic block copolymer from the particles' core after uptake. Our findings offer the possibility to combine the advantages of a fast release for hydrophobic and a controlled release for an amphiphilic molecule therefore pointing to the possibility to a 'multi-step and multi-site' targeting by one nanocarrier. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We describe thoroughly how different components of a nanocarrier end up in cells. This enables different cargos of a nanocarrier having a consecutive release and delivery of distinct components. Most interestingly we demonstrate individual kinetics of distinct components of such a system: first the release of a fluorescent hydrophobic drug model at contact with the cell membrane without the necessity of nanoparticle uptake. Secondly, the intracellular detachment of the amphiphilic block copolymer from the particles' core after uptake occurs. This offers the possibility to combine the advantages of a fast release for a hydrophobic substance at the time of interaction of the nanoparticle with the cell surface and a controlled release for an amphiphilic molecule later on therefore pointing to the possibility to a 'multi-step and multisite' targeting by one nanocarrier. We therefore feel that this could be used for many cellular systems where the combined and orchestrated delivery of components is prerequisite in order to obtain the highest efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tomcin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Dermatology Clinic, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Kelsch
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Staff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Dermatology Clinic, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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63
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Schöttler S, Klein K, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Protein source and choice of anticoagulant decisively affect nanoparticle protein corona and cellular uptake. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5526-36. [PMID: 26804616 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on nanoparticles has been a focus of the field of nanocarrier research in the past few years and more and more papers are dealing with increasingly detailed lists of proteins adsorbed to a plethora of nanocarriers. While there is an urgent need to understand the influence of this protein corona on nanocarriers' interactions with cells the strong impact of the protein source on corona formation and the consequence for interaction with different cell types are factors that are regularly neglected, but should be taken into account for a meaningful analysis. In this study, the importance of the choice of protein source used for in vitro protein corona analysis is concisely investigated. Major and decisive differences in cellular uptake of a polystyrene nanoparticle incubated in fetal bovine serum, human serum, human citrate and heparin plasma are reported. Furthermore, the protein compositions are determined for coronas formed in the respective incubation media. A strong influence of heparin, which is used as an anticoagulant for plasma generation, on cell interaction is demonstrated. While heparin enhances the uptake into macrophages, it prevents internalization into HeLa cells. Taken together we can give the recommendation that human plasma anticoagulated with citrate seems to give the most relevant results for in vitro studies of nanoparticle uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - K Landfester
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - V Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute of Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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64
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Proteomic approach to nanotoxicity. J Proteomics 2016; 137:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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65
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Müller LK, Simon J, Schöttler S, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Mohr K. Pre-coating with protein fractions inhibits nano-carrier aggregation in human blood plasma. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The change of a nanoparticles' physicochemical properties after incubation with defined protein fractions or whole human plasma was utilized for tailoring its properties regarding stability against aggregation and cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - J. Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - S. Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Dermatology Clinic
- University Medical Center Mainz
| | - K. Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - V. Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Dermatology Clinic
- University Medical Center Mainz
| | - K. Mohr
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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66
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Ulrich S, Hirsch C, Diener L, Wick P, Rossi RM, Bannwarth MB, Boesel LF. Preparation of ellipsoid-shaped supraparticles with modular compositions and investigation of shape-dependent cell-uptake. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid ellipsoid-shaped supraparticles consisting of different nanomaterials are fabricated and the influence of the supraparticle shape on cell-uptake is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ulrich
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - C. Hirsch
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Particle-Biology Interactions Laboratory. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - L. Diener
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Particle-Biology Interactions Laboratory. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - P. Wick
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Particle-Biology Interactions Laboratory. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - R. M. Rossi
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - M. B. Bannwarth
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - L. F. Boesel
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology. Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
- CH-9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
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67
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Penjweini R, Deville S, D'Olieslaeger L, Berden M, Ameloot M, Ethirajan A. Intracellular localization and dynamics of Hypericin loaded PLLA nanocarriers by image correlation spectroscopy. J Control Release 2015; 218:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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68
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Wang L, Yang L, Pan L, Kadasala NR, Xue L, Schuster RJ, Parker LL, Wei A, Tao WA. Time-Resolved Proteomic Visualization of Dendrimer Cellular Entry and Trafficking. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12772-12775. [PMID: 26425924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the complex cell entry pathways would greatly benefit from a comprehensive characterization of key proteins involved in this dynamic process. Here we devise a novel proteomic strategy named TITAN (Tracing Internalization and TrAfficking of Nanomaterials) to reveal real-time protein-dendrimer interactions using a systems biology approach. Dendrimers functionalized with photoreactive cross-linkers were internalized by HeLa cells and irradiated at set time intervals, then isolated and subjected to quantitative proteomics. In total, 809 interacting proteins cross-linked with dendrimers were determined by TITAN in a detailed temporal manner during dendrimer internalization, traceable to at least two major endocytic mechanisms, clathrin-mediated and caveolar/raft-mediated endocytosis. The direct involvement of the two pathways was further established by the inhibitory effect of dynasore on dendrimer uptake and changes in temporal profiles of key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Naveen Reddy Kadasala
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Robert J Schuster
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
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69
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Tian L, Fei M, Tadepalli S, Morrissey JJ, Kharasch ED, Singamaneni S. Bio-Enabled Gold Superstructures with Built-In and Accessible Electromagnetic Hotspots. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1502-9, 1423. [PMID: 25981873 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bio-enabled synthesis of a novel class of surface enhanced Raman scattering probes is presented for functional imaging with built-in and accessible electromagnetic hotspots formed between densely packed satellites grown on a plasmonic core. The superstructures serve as nanoscale sensors to spatiotemporally map intravesicular pH changes along endocytic pathways inside live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Max Fei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology; Division of Clinical and Translational Research; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology; Division of Clinical and Translational Research; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63130 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO 63110 USA
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70
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Bannwarth MB, Camerlo A, Ulrich S, Jakob G, Fortunato G, Rossi RM, Boesel LF. Ellipsoid-shaped superparamagnetic nanoclusters through emulsion electrospinning. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3758-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ellipsoid-shaped nanoclusters composed of single superparamagnetic nanoparticles and possessing a high saturation magnetization can be generated by emulsion electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B. Bannwarth
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
| | - Agathe Camerlo
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ulrich
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institute of Physics
- University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Giuseppino Fortunato
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
| | - René M. Rossi
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
| | - Luciano F. Boesel
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Laboratory for Protection and Physiology
- Switzerland
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