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Devadas MS, Smolyaninova V, Krushinski L, Aligholizadeh D, Langford K, Korzi W, Miller C, Kadasala NR, Zhukovskyi M, Hondrogiannis E. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetoplasmonic Air-Stable Au@FeCo. Langmuir 2023; 39:1947-1956. [PMID: 36701794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of FeCo alloys as highly magnetic nanoparticles has been valuable, as far as applications for magnetic nanoparticles are concerned. However, recently, a field of magnetoplasmonics in which magnetic nanoparticles such as the FeCo alloys doped with plasmonic materials such as Au and Ag to create a hybrid nanostructure with both properties has emerged. These magnetoplasmonic metamaterials have greatly enhanced the limit of detection of analytes in spectroscopic methods, as well as providing a more widely applicable nanoparticle to broaden the use of FeCo alloys even further. Herein, we discuss the synthesis of high-yield and fairly monodisperse spherical FeCo and Au-doped FeCo (Au@FeCo) with varying compositions of Au synthesized via the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) and dicobalt octacarbonyl (Co2(CO)8), followed by the addition of Au atoms using triphenylphosphine gold(I) chloride ((Ph3P)AuCl) via both coprecipitation and by delayed addition methods. The products were separated using a hand-held magnet, and then characterized via ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), and magnetization measurements. Optical studies revealed a plasmonic peak at 550 nm in the Au@FeCo nanoparticles that had a gold content (%Au) of >2% (by weight), determined using F-AAS. Colocation of the Fe, Co, and Au were demonstrated through EDX analysis. Location of the Au atoms in the core were seen through high-resolution bright-field imaging. To understand the use of these nanoparticles for potential application in therapeutics and/or electronics, resistance measurements were performed to assess power loss as a function of frequency. We also achieved magnetization values as high as 150 emu/g and as low as 50 emu/g for gold-loaded samples based on %Au by weight. This paves the way to continue to develop magneto-plasmonic structures chemically using these synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Vera Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Lynn Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | | | - Kameron Langford
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - William Korzi
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | - Cody Miller
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
| | | | - Maksym Zhukovskyi
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Ellen Hondrogiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland21252, United States
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Huang J, Zhou T, Zhao W, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Lai W, Kadasala NR, Liu H, Liu Y. Magnetic-Core-Shell-Satellite Fe 3O 4-Au@Ag@(Au@Ag) Nanocomposites for Determination of Trace Bisphenol A Based on Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS). Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3322. [PMID: 36234450 PMCID: PMC9565892 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a typical representative of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A (BPA) is a common persistent organic pollutant in the environment that can induce various diseases even at low concentrations. Herein, the magnetic Fe3O4-Au@Ag@(Au@Ag) nanocomposites (CSSN NCs) have been prepared by self-assembly method and applied for ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) detection of BPA. A simple and rapid coupling reaction of Pauly's reagents and BPA not only solved the problem of poor affinity between BPA and noble metals, but also provided the SERRS activity of BPA azo products. The distribution of hot spots and the influence of incremental introduction of noble metals on the performance of SERRS were analyzed by a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. The abundance of hot spots generated by core-shell-satellite structure and outstanding SERRS performance of Au@Ag nanocrystals were responsible for excellent SERRS sensitivity of CSSN NCs in the results. The limit of detection (LOD) of CSSN NCs for BPA azo products was as low as 10-10 M. In addition, the saturation magnetization (Ms) value of CSSN NCs was 53.6 emu·g-1, which could be rapidly enriched and collected under the condition of external magnetic field. These magnetic core-shell-satellite NCs provide inspiration idea for the tailored design of ultra-sensitive SERRS substrates, and thus exhibit limitless application prospects in terms of pollutant detection, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Wenshi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Wangsheng Lai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | | | - Huilian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
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Huang J, Zhou T, Zhao W, Cui S, Guo R, Li D, Reddy Kadasala N, Han D, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Liu H. Multifunctional magnetic Fe 3O 4/Cu 2O-Ag nanocomposites with high sensitivity for SERS detection and efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:315-326. [PMID: 35998457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic properties are persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Herein, the novel multifunctional Fe3O4/Cu2O-Ag nanocomposites (NCs) have been established for ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection and visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of PAHs. Fe3O4/Cu2O-Ag NCs with different amounts of Ag nanocrystals were synthesized, and the effect of Ag contents on SERS performance was studied by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. The synergistic interplay of electromagnetic and chemical enhancement was responsible for excellent SERS sensitivity of Fe3O4/Cu2O-Ag NCs. The limit of detection (LOD) of optimal SERS substrates (FCA-2 NCs) for Nap, BaP, Pyr and Ant was as low as 10-9, 10-9, 10-9 and 10-10 M, respectively. The SERS detection of PAHs in actual soil environment was also studied. Moreover, a simple SERS method was used to monitor the photocatalytic process of PAHs. The recovery and reuse of Fe3O4/Cu2O-Ag NCs were achieved through magnetic field, and the outstanding SERS and photocatalytic performance were still maintained even after eight cycles. This magnetic multifunctional NCs provide a unique idea for the integration of ultra-sensitive SERS detection and efficient photocatalytic degradation of PAHs, and thus will have more hopeful prospects in the field of environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Tianxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Wenshi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Sicheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | | | - Donglai Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China; Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Huilian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
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Wu T, Zheng H, Kou Y, Su X, Kadasala NR, Gao M, Chen L, Han D, Liu Y, Yang J. Self-sustainable and recyclable ternary Au@Cu 2O-Ag nanocomposites: application in ultrasensitive SERS detection and highly efficient photocatalysis of organic dyes under visible light. Microsyst Nanoeng 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 34567737 PMCID: PMC8433429 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ternary noble metal-semiconductor nanocomposites (NCs) with core-shell-satellite nanostructures have received widespread attention due to their outstanding performance in detecting pollutants through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, ternary Au@Cu2O-Ag NCs were designed and prepared by a galvanic replacement method. The effect of different amounts of Ag nanocrystals adsorbed on the surfaces of Au@Cu2O on the SERS activity was investigated based on the SERS detection of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) reporter molecules. Based on electromagnetic field simulations and photoluminescence (PL) results, a possible SERS enhancement mechanism was proposed and discussed. Moreover, Au@Cu2O-Ag NCs served as SERS substrates, and highly sensitive SERS detection of malachite green (MG) with a detection limit as low as 10-9 M was achieved. In addition, Au@Cu2O-Ag NCs were recycled due to their superior self-cleaning ability and could catalyze the degradation of MG driven by visible light. This work demonstrates a wide range of possibilities for the integration of recyclable SERS detection and photodegradation of organic dyes and promotes the development of green testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Yichuan Kou
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Xinyue Su
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | | | - Ming Gao
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Donglai Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
| | - Jinghai Yang
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 China
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Semenikhin NS, Kadasala NR, Moon RJ, Perry JW, Sandhage KH. Individually Dispersed Gold Nanoshell-Bearing Cellulose Nanocrystals with Tailorable Plasmon Resonance. Langmuir 2018; 34:4427-4436. [PMID: 29577731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be attractive templates for the generation of functional inorganic/organic nanoparticles, given their fine sizes, aspect ratios, and sustainable worldwide availability in abundant quantities. Here, we present for the first time a scalable, surfactant-free, tailorable wet chemical process for converting commercially available CNCs into individual aspected gold nanoshell-bearing particles with tunable surface plasmon resonance bands. Using a rational cellulose functionalization approach, stable suspensions of positively charged CNCs have been generated. Continuous, conductive, nanocrystalline gold coatings were then applied to the individual, electrostatically stabilized CNCs via decoration with 1-3 nm diameter gold particles followed by electroless gold deposition. Optical analyses indicated that these core-shell nanoparticles exhibited two surface plasmon absorbance bands, with one located in the visible range (near 550 nm) and the other at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The NIR band possessed a peak maximum wavelength that could be tuned over a wide range (1000-1300 nm) by adjusting the gold coating thickness. The bandwidth and wavelength of the peak maximum of the NIR band were also sensitive to the particle size distribution and could be further refined by fractionation using viscosity gradient centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Reddy Kadasala
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 West Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette 47907 , Indiana , United States
| | - Robert J Moon
- The Forest Product Laboratory , US Forest Service , Madison 53726 , Wisconsin , United States
| | | | - Kenneth H Sandhage
- School of Materials Engineering , Purdue University , 701 West Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette 47907 , Indiana , United States
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Kadasala NR, Saei M, Cheng GJ, Wei A. Dry Etching with Nanoparticles: Formation of High Aspect-Ratio Pores and Channels Using Magnetic Gold Nanoclusters. Adv Mater 2018; 30:1703091. [PMID: 29194793 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for generating nanopores in substrates typically involve one or more wet-etching steps. Here a fundamentally different approach to produce nanopores in sheet substrates under dry, ambient conditions, using nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation and magnetic gold nanoclusters (MGNCs) as the etching agents is described. Thermoplastic films (50-75 µm thickness) are coated with MGNCs then exposed to laser pulses with a coaxial magnetic field gradient, resulting in high-aspect ratio channels with tapered cross sections as characterized by confocal fluorescence tomography. The dry-etching process is applicable to a wide variety of substrates ranging from fluoropolymers to borosilicate glass, with etch rates in excess of 1 µm s-1 . Finite-element modeling suggests that the absorption of laser pulses by MGNCs can produce temperature spikes of nearly 1000 °C, which is sufficient for generating photoacoustic responses that can drive particles into the medium, guided by magnetomotive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Reddy Kadasala
- Department of Chemistry and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mojib Saei
- School of Industrial Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gary J Cheng
- School of Industrial Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Kadasala NR, Lin L, Gilpin C, Wei A. Eco-friendly (green) synthesis of magnetically active gold nanoclusters. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2017; 18:210-218. [PMID: 28458743 PMCID: PMC5402797 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1290492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Au-FexOy composite nanoparticles (NPs) are of great technological interest due to their combined optical and magnetic properties. However, typical syntheses are neither simple nor ecologically friendly, creating a challenging situation for process scale-up. Here we describe conditions for preparing Au-FexOy NPs in aqueous solutions and at ambient temperatures, without resorting to solvents or amphiphilic surfactants with poor sustainability profiles. These magnetic gold nanoclusters (MGNCs) are prepared in practical yields with average sizes slightly below 100 nm, and surface plasmon resonances that extend to near-infrared wavelengths, and sufficient magnetic moment (up to 6 emu g-1) to permit collection within minutes by handheld magnets. The MGNCs also produce significant photoluminescence when excited at 488 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicates a relatively even distribution of Fe within the MGNCs, as opposed to a central magnetic core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Park J, Kadasala NR, Abouelmagd SA, Castanares MA, Collins DS, Wei A, Yeo Y. Polymer-iron oxide composite nanoparticles for EPR-independent drug delivery. Biomaterials 2016; 101:285-95. [PMID: 27310916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches to cancer drug delivery are challenged by the heterogeneity of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors and the premature attrition of payload from drug carriers during circulation. Here we show that such challenges can be overcome by a magnetophoretic approach to accelerate NP delivery to tumors. Payload-bearing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs were converted into polymer-iron-oxide nanocomposites (PINCs) by attaching colloidal Fe3O4 onto the surface, via a simple surface modification method using dopamine polymerization. PINCs formed stable dispersions in serum-supplemented medium and responded quickly to magnetic field gradients above 1 kG/cm. Under the field gradients, PINCs were rapidly transported across physical barriers and into cells and captured under flow conditions similar to those encountered in postcapillary venules, increasing the local concentration by nearly three orders of magnitude. In vivo magnetophoretic delivery enabled PINCs to accumulate in poorly vascularized subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts that did not support the EPR effect. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging, ex vivo fluorescence imaging, and tissue histology all confirmed that the uptake of PINCs was higher in tumors exposed to magnetic field gradients, relative to negative controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Naveen Reddy Kadasala
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara A Abouelmagd
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mark A Castanares
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - David S Collins
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wang L, Yang L, Pan L, Kadasala NR, Xue L, Schuster RJ, Parker LL, Wei A, Tao WA. Time-Resolved Proteomic Visualization of Dendrimer Cellular Entry and Trafficking. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12772-12775. [PMID: 26425924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the complex cell entry pathways would greatly benefit from a comprehensive characterization of key proteins involved in this dynamic process. Here we devise a novel proteomic strategy named TITAN (Tracing Internalization and TrAfficking of Nanomaterials) to reveal real-time protein-dendrimer interactions using a systems biology approach. Dendrimers functionalized with photoreactive cross-linkers were internalized by HeLa cells and irradiated at set time intervals, then isolated and subjected to quantitative proteomics. In total, 809 interacting proteins cross-linked with dendrimers were determined by TITAN in a detailed temporal manner during dendrimer internalization, traceable to at least two major endocytic mechanisms, clathrin-mediated and caveolar/raft-mediated endocytosis. The direct involvement of the two pathways was further established by the inhibitory effect of dynasore on dendrimer uptake and changes in temporal profiles of key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Naveen Reddy Kadasala
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Robert J Schuster
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
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Abstract
Magnetic gold nanoclusters (MGNCs) functionalized with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) enables the trace detection of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), an environmental pollutant, using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The synthesis, cleansing, and functionalization of MGNCs are conducted in aqueous solutions; SERS samples are prepared by magnetic precipitation in the presence of trace analyte. The limit of detection (LOD) for TBBPA is greatly increased by the use of DMAP as a reporter molecule: DMAP-modified MGNCs can detect TBBPA at 10 pM in water, whereas the LOD for TBBPA by unfunctionalized Au is 1 nM. The reproducibility of picomolar TBBPA detection with DMAP-modified MGNCs is confirmed by two-dimensional correlation analysis. The high SERS sensitivity for TBBPA can be attributed to its capacity to modulate the Raman spectrum of adsorbed DMAP. This indirect mode of detection can also be applied toward the detection of other hydrophobic analytes, each identifiable by its characteristic SERS identity.
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