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Zhang Q, Yu J, Zhang L, Hu M, Xu Y, Su W. Extraction, characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Sophora flavescens Ait. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:459-467. [PMID: 27554935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four water-soluble polysaccharides, designated as SF1, SF2, SF3 and SF4, were efficiently extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens by mechanochemistry under the conditions of rotational speed of 400rpm, grinding time of 10min, powder to ball weight ratio of 1:20, and Na2CO3 loading of 7wt%. The results obtained indicated that all of these four acid heteropolysaccharides are composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with the average molecular weights of 400.9, 98.6, 99.3, 42.7kDa, respectively. In vitro, SF4 showed the most significant scavenging activity on superoxide radical, ABTS, and DPPH radical, while SF3 had the most significant scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical. Immunological tests demonstrated that SF1, SF2, SF3 and SF4 significantly stimulated nitric oxide production without cytotoxicity in macrophages and promoted splenocyte proliferation. These data suggest that the four polysaccharides fractions have the potential as novel natural sources of antioxidative and immunopotentiating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Leifang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Meiqun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
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Zhang Q, Yu J, Wang Y, Su W. Selective Extraction of Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Ait. by Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080989. [PMID: 27483227 PMCID: PMC6273523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens were selectively extracted by mechanochemical-promoted extraction technology (MPET) after using response surface methodology to determine the optimal extraction parameters. The highest yield of 35.17 mg/g was achieved by grinding the roots with Na2CO3 (15%) at 440 rpm/min for 17.0 min and water was used as the sole solvent with a ratio of solvent to solid material of 25 mL/g. Flavonoids prepared by MPET demonstrated relatively higher antioxidant activities in subsequent DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Main constituents in the extracts, including kurarinol, kushenol I/N and kurarinone, were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, indicating good selective extraction by MPET. Physicochemical property changes of powder during mechanochemical milling were identified by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and UV-Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. Compared with traditional extraction methods, MPET possesses notable advantages of higher selectivity, lower extraction temperature, shorter extraction time, and organic solvent free properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yingyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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53
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Jun G, Park TM, Cha S. Fast and Simple Chemical Fingerprinting Analysis of Medicinal Herbs by Paper Cone Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PCSI MS). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuwoong Jun
- Department of Chemistry; Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Yongin Kyunggi-Do 17035 Korea
| | - Tae-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry; Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Yongin Kyunggi-Do 17035 Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry; Hankuk University of Foreign Studies; Yongin Kyunggi-Do 17035 Korea
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Brincat JP, Sardella D, Muscat A, Decelis S, Grima JN, Valdramidis V, Gatt R. A review of the state-of-the-art in air filtration technologies as may be applied to cold storage warehouses. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ango PY, Kapche DW, Fotso GW, Fozing CD, Yeboah EM, Mapitse R, Demirtas I, Ngadjui BT, Yeboah SO. Thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B, two novel flavonoids, and other constituents of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:65-71. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A phytochemical study of Ficus thonningii has led to the isolation of two previously unreported compounds, thonningiiflavanonol A and thonningiiflavanonol B together with 16 known compounds: shuterin, naringenin, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistein, 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavanone, luteolin, methylparaben, aromadendrin, garbanzol, dihydroquercetin, 5,7,3′-trihydroxyflavanone, β-sitosterol, sitosterolglucoside, lupeol acetate, and taraxerol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The new compounds and extracts displayed potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Ango
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Deccaux W.F.G. Kapche
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training School, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain W. Fotso
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christian D. Fozing
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elizabeth M.O. Yeboah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Renameditswe Mapitse
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Bonaventure T. Ngadjui
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box +(237) 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Samuel O. Yeboah
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
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Choi J, Yang BJ, Bae GN, Jung JH. Herbal Extract Incorporated Nanofiber Fabricated by an Electrospinning Technique and its Application to Antimicrobial Air Filtration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25313-20. [PMID: 26505783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, with the increased attention to indoor air quality, antimicrobial air filtration techniques have been studied widely to inactivate hazardous airborne microorganisms effectively. In this study, we demonstrate herbal extract incorporated (HEI) nanofibers synthesized by an electrospinning technique and their application to antimicrobial air filtration. As an antimicrobial herbal material, an ethanolic extract of Sophora flavescens, which exhibits great antibacterial activity against pathogens, was mixed with the polymer solution for the electrospinning process. We measured various characteristics of the synthesized HEI nanofibers, such as fiber morphology, fiber size distribution, and thermal stability. For application of the electrospun HEI nanofibers, we made highly effective air filters with 99.99% filtration efficiency and 99.98% antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The pressure drop across the HEI nanofiber air filter was 4.75 mmH2O at a face air velocity of 1.79 cm/s. These results will facilitate the implementation of electrospun HEI nanofiber techniques to control air quality and protect against hazardous airborne microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongan Choi
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Joon Yang
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electric Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Nam Bae
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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57
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Takahashi T, Ishino A, Arai T, Hamada C, Nakazawa Y, Iwabuchi T, Tajima M. Improvement of androgenetic alopecia with topicalSophora flavescensAiton extract, and identification of the two active compounds in the extract that stimulate proliferation of human hair keratinocytes. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:302-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Takahashi
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - A. Ishino
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - T. Arai
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - C. Hamada
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - Y. Nakazawa
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - T. Iwabuchi
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
| | - M. Tajima
- Shiseido Research Center; Hayabuchi Tsuzuki Yokohama Japan
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Mizuguchi H, Nariai Y, Kato S, Nakano T, Kanayama T, Kashiwada Y, Nemoto H, Kawazoe K, Takaishi Y, Kitamura Y, Takeda N, Fukui H. Maackiain is a novel antiallergic compound that suppresses transcriptional upregulation of the histamine H1 receptor and interleukin-4 genes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00166. [PMID: 26516579 PMCID: PMC4618638 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kujin contains antiallergic compounds that inhibit upregulation of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and interleukin (IL)-4 gene expression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We sought to identify a Kujin-derived antiallergic compound and investigate its mechanism of action. The H1R and IL-4 mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. To investigate the effects of maackiain in vivo, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized rats were used as a nasal hypersensitivity animal model. We identified (-)-maackiain as the responsible component. Synthetic maackiain showed stereoselectivity for the suppression of IL-4 gene expression but not for H1R gene expression, suggesting distinct target proteins for transcriptional signaling. (-)-Maackiain inhibited of PKCδ translocation to the Golgi and phosphorylation of Tyr(311) on PKCδ, which led to the suppression of H1R gene transcription. However, (-)-maackiain did not show any antioxidant activity or inhibition of PKCδ enzymatic activity per se. Pretreatment with maackiain alleviated nasal symptoms and suppressed TDI-induced upregulations of H1R and IL-4 gene expressions in TDI-sensitized rats. These data suggest that (-)-maackiain is a novel antiallergic compound that alleviates nasal symptoms in TDI-sensitized allergy model rats through the inhibition of H1R and IL-4 gene expression. The molecular mechanism underlying its suppressive effect for H1R gene expression is mediated by the inhibition of PKCδ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nariai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Kanayama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kashiwada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hisao Nemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima Tokushima University Graduate School3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takaishi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukui
- Department of Molecular Studies for Incurable Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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He X, Fang J, Huang L, Wang J, Huang X. Sophora flavescens Ait.: Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:10-29. [PMID: 26087234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora flavescens (Fabaceae), also known as Kushen (Chinese: ), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. The root of Sophora flavescens has a long history in the traditional medicine of many countries, including China, Japan, Korea, India and some countries in Europe. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Sophora flavescens has been used extensively, mainly in combination with other medicinal plants in prescriptions to treat fever, dysentery, hematochezia, jaundice, oliguria, vulvar swelling, asthma, eczema, inflammatory disorders, ulcers and diseases associated with skin burns. The aim of this review is to provide updated and comprehensive information regarding the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicology of Sophora flavescens and to discuss possible trends and opportunities for further research on Sophora flavescens. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Medline Plus, ACS, "Da Yi Yi Xue Sou Suo (http://www.dayi100.com/login.jsp)", China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) and Web of Science) for information published between 1958 and 2015 on Sophora flavescens. Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS The broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. Extracts are taken either orally or by injection. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Sophora flavescens, and the major components have been identified as flavonoids and alkaloids. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that at least 50 pure compounds and crude extracts from Sophora flavescens possess wide-ranging antitumor, antimicrobial, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological abilities. The anticancer and anti-infection abilities of these components are especially attractive areas for research. CONCLUSIONS Sophora flavescens is a promising traditional medicine, but there is a need for more precise studies to test the safety and clinical value of its main active crude extracts and pure compounds and to clarify their mechanisms of action. Moreover, some existing studies have lacked systematic methods and integration with the existing literature, and some of the experiments were isolated, used small sample sizes and were unreliable. More validated data are therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China; The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Hwang GB, Sim KM, Bae GN, Jung JH. Synthesis of hybrid carbon nanotube structures coated with Sophora flavescens nanoparticles and their application to antimicrobial air filtration. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2015; 86:44-54. [PMID: 32226126 PMCID: PMC7094255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Controlling airborne microorganisms has become increasingly important with increase in human indoor activities, epidemic disease outbreaks, and airborne pathogen transmission. Treatments using antimicrobial nanoparticles have shown promise because of the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles compared to their bulk counterparts, and their unique physical and chemical properties. In this study, hybrid nanostructures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with antimicrobial, natural product (NP) nanoparticles were synthesized using a twin-head electrospray system (THES). The coated nanoparticles were then used in antimicrobial air filters to increase their antimicrobial efficiency. Electrosprayed droplets were converted to NP nanoparticles and MWCNTs through ethanol evaporation. Oppositely charged NP nanoparticles and MWCNTs were coagulated via Coulombic collisions to form hybrid nanoparticles that were deposited continuously onto an air filter medium. The size distribution and composition of the hybrid NP/MWCNT particles were characterized using a wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The concentration of hybrid NP/MWCNT nanoparticles was lower than that of NP nanoparticles but higher than that of MWCNTs and showed a bimodal size distribution with peak diameters of 21.1 and 49 nm. TEM analyses confirmed that the NP nanoparticles were attached to the MWCNT surface with a density of ~4-9 particles/MWCNT. When deposited onto the filter medium, NP/MWCNT particles formed dendrites on the filter׳s fiber surface. The filtration efficiency and pressure drop of the NP/MWCNT-coated filters were higher than those of pristine, NP nanoparticles-coated or MWCNTs-coated filters. The hybrid filter also exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than those of NP or MWCNT-coated filters at identical deposited volumes (1.1×10-2 cm3/cm2 filter). Ninety-five percent of the tested bacterial aerosols were inactivated on the NP/MWCNTs filter while only <70% were inactivated on NP- or MWCNT-coated filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Byoung Hwang
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Nam Bae
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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Ghribi L, Waffo-Téguo P, Cluzet S, Marchal A, Marques J, Mérillon JM, Ben Jannet H. Isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive compounds from the roots of the Tunisian Ononis angustissima L. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3825-30. [PMID: 26248805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the roots of Ononis angustissima L. (Fabaceae) offered to the bio-guided isolation of new isoflavone 3-(4-(glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one 1, together with nine known compounds, ononin 2, formononetin 3, (+)-puerol A-2'-O-β-D-glucose 4, (-)-puerol B-2'-O-β-D-glucopyranose ((-)-sophoraside A) 5, (+)-puerol A 6, (-)-trifolirhizin 7, (-)-trifolirhizin-6'-O-malonate 8, (-)-maackiain 9 and (-)-medicarpin 10. Compounds 2-10 were isolated and identified for the first time in Ononis angustissima. We investigated antioxidant capacities of isolated molecules and results showed that compound 6 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 19.53 μg/mL, 28.29 μg/mL and 38.53 μg/mL by DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation and reducing power assay, respectively, and an interesting IC50 (20.45 μg/mL) of 1 against DPPH. In addition, the neuroprotective activity of six isolated molecules (4-7, 9, 10) were evaluated. Following the exposure of PC12 cells to Aβ25-35, compounds 9 and 10 triggered a significant increase of cell viability and in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Ghribi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Pierre Waffo-Téguo
- Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 3675 GESVAB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 3675 GESVAB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Axel Marchal
- Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche OENOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jessica Marques
- Univ. de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 3675 GESVAB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Hwang GB, Heo KJ, Yun JH, Lee JE, Lee HJ, Nho CW, Bae GN, Jung JH. Antimicrobial Air Filters Using Natural Euscaphis japonica Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126481. [PMID: 25974109 PMCID: PMC4431859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling bioaerosols has become more important with increasing participation in indoor activities. Treatments using natural-product nanomaterials are a promising technique because of their relatively low toxicity compared to inorganic nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. In this study, antimicrobial filters were fabricated from natural Euscaphis japonica nanoparticles, which were produced by nebulizing E. japonica extract. The coated filters were assessed in terms of pressure drop, antimicrobial activity, filtration efficiency, major chemical components, and cytotoxicity. Pressure drop and antimicrobial activity increased as a function of nanoparticle deposition time (590, 855, and 1150 µg/cm2(filter) at 3-, 6-, and 9-min depositions, respectively). In filter tests, the antimicrobial efficacy was greater against Staphylococcus epidermidis than Micrococcus luteus; ~61, ~73, and ~82% of M. luteus cells were inactivated on filters that had been coated for 3, 6, and 9 min, respectively, while the corresponding values were ~78, ~88, and ~94% with S. epidermidis. Although statistically significant differences in filtration performance were not observed between samples as a function of deposition time, the average filtration efficacy was slightly higher for S. epidermidis aerosols (~97%) than for M. luteus aerosols (~95%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) analyses confirmed that the major chemical compounds in the E. japonica extract were 1(ß)-O-galloyl pedunculagin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. In vitro cytotoxicity and disk diffusion tests showed that E. japonica nanoparticles were less toxic and exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity toward some bacterial strains than a reference soluble nickel compound, which is classified as a human carcinogen. This study provides valuable information for the development of a bioaerosol control system that is environmental friendly and suitable for use in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Byoung Hwang
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ki Joon Heo
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Aerosol and Bioengineering Laboratory, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST Gangneung Institute), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Han-River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST Gangneung Institute), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST Gangneung Institute), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi- Nam Bae
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Center For Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon HJ, Jeong JH, Lee SW, Ryu YB, Jeong HJ, Jung K, Lim JS, Cho KO, Lee WS, Rho MC, Park SJ. In vitro anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from Sophora flavescens against viral replication and hemagglutination. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 128:159-69. [PMID: 26076959 PMCID: PMC7172900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-reovirus activity of kuraridin isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. In particular, we focused on whether this property is attributable to direct inhibition of reovirus attachment and/or inhibition of viral replication with the aid of time-of-addition (pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment) experiments. No significant antiviral activity of kuraridin was detected in the pre-treatment assay. In the simultaneous assay, the 50% effective inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of kuraridin were 15.3–176.9 μM against human type 1–3 reoviruses (HRV1–3) and Korean porcine reovirus (PRV). Kuraridin completely blocked binding of viral sigma 1 protein to sialic acids at concentrations lower than 82.5 μM in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Moreover, kuraridin inhibited HRV1–3 and PRV viral replication with EC50 values of 14.0–62.0 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis disclosed strong suppression of reovirus RNA synthesis at the late stage (18 h) of virus replication by kuraridin. The viral yields of kuraridin-treated cells were significantly reduced at 24 h post-infection, compared with DMSO-treated cells. Our results collectively suggest that kuraridin inhibits virus adsorption and replication by inhibiting hemagglutination, viral RNA and protein synthesis and virus shedding, supporting its utility as a viable candidate antiviral drug against reoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jae Jeong
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Song Lee
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Eco-friendly Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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64
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Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of Sophorae radix in rats: Hepatotoxic and genotoxic potential. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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65
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Jiang L, Jia T, Wang M, Liao J, Cao P. Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroalkoxylation of Alkoxyallenes with Phenol for Construction of Acyclic O,O-Acetals. Org Lett 2015; 17:1070-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Jiang
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Chengdu
Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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66
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Feng ZG, Bai WJ, Pettus TRR. Unified Total Syntheses of (−)-Medicarpin, (−)-Sophoracarpan A, and (±)-Kushecarpin A with Some Structural Revisions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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67
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Feng ZG, Bai WJ, Pettus TRR. Unified Total Syntheses of (−)-Medicarpin, (−)-Sophoracarpan A, and (±)-Kushecarpin A with Some Structural Revisions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1864-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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68
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Wang CY, Bai XY, Wang CH. Traditional Chinese medicine: a treasured natural resource of anticancer drug research and development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:543-59. [PMID: 24871650 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To discover and develop novel natural compounds, active ingredients, single herbs and combination formulas or prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with therapeutic selectivity that can preferentially kill cancer cells and inhibit the amplification of cancer without significant toxicity is an important area in cancer therapy. A lot of valuable TCMs were applied as alternative or complementary medicines in the United States and Europe. But these TCMs, as one of the main natural resources, were widely used to research and develop new drugs in Asia. In TCMs, some specific herbs, animals, minerals and combination formulas were recorded and exploited due to their active ingredients and specific natural compounds with antitumor activities. The article focused on the antitumor properties of natural compounds and combination formulas or prescriptions in TCMs, described its influence on tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and revealed its mechanisms of antitumor and inhibitory action. Among the nature compounds, triptolide, berberine, matrine, oxymatrine, kurarinone and deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) with specific molecular structures have been separated, purified, and evaluated their antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo. Cancer is a multifactorial and multistep disease, so the treatment effect of combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs involving multi-targets and multi-signal pathways on tumor may be superior than that of agents targeting a single molecular target alone. Shi Quan Da Bu Tang and Yanshu injection, as well known combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs, have shown an excellent therapeutic effect on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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69
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced IL-1β production is inhibited by Sophora flavescens via the NF-κB/inflammasome pathways. J Microbiol 2014; 52:1044-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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70
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Zhang C, Wang YM, Zhao FC, Chen LM, Zhang QW, Gao HM, Wang ZM. Phenolic Metabolites from the Stems and Leaves ofSophora flavescens. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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71
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Shen Y, Feng ZM, Jiang JS, Yang YN, Zhang PC. Dibenzoyl and isoflavonoid glycosides from Sophora flavescens: inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of D-galactosamine on human hepatocyte HL-7702. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2337-45. [PMID: 24295087 DOI: 10.1021/np400784v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new dibenzoyl derivatives sophodibenzoside A-L (1-12) and five new isoflavone glycosides (13-17) have been isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens together with eight known compounds (18-25). Notably, the use of acetic acid-d4 was required to enable identification of the dibenzoyl glycoside structures. Compounds 1, 2, 13, 14, and 19 exhibited weak inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of d-galactosamine on the human hepatic cell line HL-7702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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72
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Yu Q, Cheng N, Ni X. Identifying 2 prenylflavanones as potential hepatotoxic compounds in the ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens. J Food Sci 2013; 78:T1830-4. [PMID: 24245902 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Zhixue capsule is a prescription for hemorrhoid commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. This drug was recalled by the State Food and Drug Administration in 2008 because of severe adverse hepatic reactions. Zhixue capsule is composed of ethanol extracts of Cortex Dictamni (ECD) and Sophora flavescens (ESF). In our preliminary study, we observed the hepatotoxic effects of ESF on rat primary hepatocytes. However, ECD did not exhibit hepatotoxicity at the same concentration range. In this study, ESF was evaluated for its potential hepatotoxic effects on rats. Bioassay-guided isolation was used to identify the material basis for hepatotoxicity. Treatment with 1.25 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg ESF significantly elevated the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the serum. The changes in the levels of transaminases were supported by the remarkable fatty degeneration of liver histopathology. Further investigations using bioassay-guided isolation and analysis indicated that prenylated flavanones accounted for the positive hepatotoxic results. Two isolated compounds were identified, kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G, using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry techniques. These compounds have potent toxic effects on primary rat hepatocytes (with IC50 values of 29.9 μM and 16.5 μM) and human HL-7702 liver cells (with IC50 values of 48.2 μM and 40.3 μM), respectively. Consequently, the hepatotoxic constituents of S. flavescens were determined to be prenylated flavanones, kurarinone, and sophoraflavanone G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China
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73
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Pu LP, Chen HP, Cao MA, Zhang XL, Gao QX, Yuan CS, Wang CM. The antiangiogenic activity of Kushecarpin D, a novel flavonoid isolated from Sophora flavescens Ait. Life Sci 2013; 93:791-7. [PMID: 24113074 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Kushecarpin D (KD) is a novel flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Kushen (the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait). As part of our continuous effort to explore Chinese traditional medicinal herbs and to identify novel natural anticancer products, the antiangiogenic properties of KD were examined in vitro using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304). MAIN METHODS The SRB and Trypan Blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effect of KD on cell proliferation. The antiangiogenic activities of KD were evaluated through studies of cell migration, cell adhesion, and tube formation. DCFH-DA and DHE fluorescent assays were used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Catalase activity was detected using the colorimetric ammonium molybdate method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33258 staining assay. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that KD showed antiangiogenic activity via inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, and tube formation. ROS levels were down-regulated and catalase activity was up-regulated after treatment with KD. The cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase, while no apoptosis was observed using the Hoechst 33258 staining assay or following the flow cytometric analysis of the sub-G1 proportion. SIGNIFICANCE The antiangiogenic properties of KD, in combination with its anti-proliferative effect and ability to induce cell cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis, make it a good candidate for development as antitumor agent. However, further studies are essential to elucidate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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74
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Mukai R, Fujikura Y, Murota K, Uehara M, Minekawa S, Matsui N, Kawamura T, Nemoto H, Terao J. Prenylation enhances quercetin uptake and reduces efflux in Caco-2 cells and enhances tissue accumulation in mice fed long-term. J Nutr 2013; 143:1558-64. [PMID: 23902958 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.176818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenyl flavonoids are widely distributed in plant foods and have attracted appreciable attention in relation to their potential benefits for human health. Prenylation may enhance the biological functions of flavonoids by introducing hydrophobic properties in their basic structures. Previously, we found that 8-prenyl naringenin exerted a greater preventive effect on muscle atrophy than nonprenylated naringenin in a mouse model. Here, we aimed to estimate the effect of prenylation on the bioavailability of dietary quercetin (Q). The cellular uptake of 8-prenyl quercetin (PQ) and Q in Caco-2 cells and C2C12 myotube cells was examined. Prenylation significantly enhanced the cellular uptake by increasing the lipophilicity in both cell types. In Caco-2 cells, efflux of PQ to the basolateral side was <15% of that of Q, suggesting that prenylation attenuates transport from the intestine to the circulation. After intragastric administration of PQ or Q to mice or rats, the area under the concentration-time curve for PQ in plasma and lymph was 52.5% and 37.5% lower than that of Q, respectively. PQ and its O-methylated form (MePQ) accumulated at much higher amounts than Q and O-methylated Q in the liver (Q: 3400%; MePQ: 7570%) and kidney (Q: 385%; MePQ: 736%) of mice after 18 d of feeding. These data suggest that prenylation enhances the accumulation of Q in tissues during long-term feeding, even though prenylation per se lowers its intestinal absorption from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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75
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Wu T, Zang X, He M, Pan S, Xu X. Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids on their anti-Escherichia coli activity and inhibition of DNA gyrase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8185-8190. [PMID: 23926942 DOI: 10.1021/jf402222v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are potential sources of natural preservatives. The inhibitory activities of three polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), three flavones, and four flavonols against Escherichia coli were determined using the microbroth dilution method. Flavonoid inhibitory activities against DNA gyrase from E. coli were estimated by DNA supercoiling. Kaempferol exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 25 μg/mL], while nobiletin showed the lowest activity (MIC = 177 μg/mL). A good correlation was found between the pIC50 values and the corresponding pMIC values for the purified DNA gyrase (r = 0.9582). The structure-activity relationship analysis suggests that, for a good inhibitory effect, the hydroxyl group substitution at C-5 in the A ring and C-4' in the B ring and the methoxyl group substitution at C-3 and C-8 in the A ring are essential. The presence of the hydroxyl group at C-6 in the A ring, C-3' and C-5' in the B ring, and C-3 in the C ring and the methoxyl group at C-3' in the B ring greatly reduced inhibition of bacteria. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-bioactive and low-toxicity natural preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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76
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Ko HH, Jin YJ, Lu TM, Chen IS. A Novel MonoterpeneStilbene Adduct with a 4,4-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylchromane Skeleton fromArtocarpus xanthocarpus. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1269-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Seo HS, Kim KH, Kim DY, Park BK, Shin NS, Kim JH, Youn H. GC/MS analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography fractions from Sophora flavescens and Torilis japonica extracts and their in vitro anti-neosporal effects on Neospora caninum. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:241-8. [PMID: 23820198 PMCID: PMC3788148 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed alcoholic extracts of herbs possessing anti-neosporal activity against Neospora (N.) caninum. To identify the chemical components of Sophora (S.) flavescens and Torilis (T.) japonica associated with anti-neosporal activity, specific fractions were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro activity of the fractions against N. caninum was then assessed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify and quantify specific anti-neosporal molecules in the herbal extracts. Almost all HPLC fractions of S. flavescens and T. japonica had higher levels of anti-neosporal activity compared to the not treated control. Active constituents of the extracts were sophoridane, furosardonin A, and tetraisopropylidene-cyclobutane in S. flavescens; 5,17-β-dihydroxy-de-A-estra-5,7,9,14-tetraene, furanodiene, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(CAS,1) in T. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Su Seo
- Pfizer Animal Health, Seoul 135-784, Korea
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78
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Chong ES, Hwang GB, Nho CW, Kwon BM, Lee JE, Seo S, Bae GN, Jung JH. Antimicrobial durability of air filters coated with airborne Sophora flavescens nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:110-114. [PMID: 23262327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Airborne biological particles containing viruses, bacteria, and/or fungi can be toxic and cause infections and allergy symptoms. Recently, natural materials such as tea tree oil and Sophora flavescens have shown promising antimicrobial activity when applied as air filter media. Although many of these studies demonstrated excellent antimicrobial efficacy, only a few of them considered external environmental effects such as the surrounding humidity, temperature, and natural degradation of chemicals, all of which can affect the antimicrobial performance of these natural materials. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial durability of air filters containing airborne nanoparticles from S. flavescens for 5 months. Antimicrobial tests and quantitative chemical analyses were performed every 30 days. Morphological changes in the nanoparticles were also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The major antimicrobial compounds remained stable and active for ~90 days at room temperature. After about 90 days, the quantities of major antimicrobial compounds decreased noticeably with a consequent decrease in antimicrobial activity. These results are promising for the implementation of new technologies using natural antimicrobial products and provide useful information regarding the average life expectancy of antimicrobial filters using nanoparticles of S. flavescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Seok Chong
- Center for Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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79
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Quang TH, Ngan NTT, Minh CV, Kiem PV, Tai BH, Nhiem NX, Thao NP, Luyen BTT, Yang SY, Kim YH. Anti-Inflammatory and PPAR Transactivational Properties of Flavonoids from the Roots ofSophora flavescens. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1300-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); 18 Hoang Quoc Viet; Caugiay; Hanoi; Viet Nam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); 18 Hoang Quoc Viet; Caugiay; Hanoi; Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Bui Thi Thuy Luyen
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chungnam National University; Daejeon; 305-764; Korea
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Shi YQ, Xin XL, Yuan QP, Wang CY, Zhang BJ, Hou J, Tian Y, Deng S, Huang SS, Ma XC. Microbial biotransformation of kurarinone by Cunninghamella echinulata AS 3.3400. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:1002-1007. [PMID: 23009297 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.681049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, microbial transformation of kurarinone (1) by Cunninghamella echinulata AS 3.3400 was investigated and four transformed products were isolated and identified as 6″-hydroxykurarinone (2), 4″,5″,8″-trihydroxynorkurarinone (3), norkurarinone (4), and kurarinone-7-O-β-glucoside (5), respectively. Among them, 3 and 5 are new compounds, and the rare glycosylation in microbial transformation was observed. In addition, the cytotoxicities of transformed products (2-5) were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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81
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Prevention of disuse muscle atrophy by dietary ingestion of 8-prenylnaringenin in denervated mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45048. [PMID: 23028754 PMCID: PMC3446978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have attracted considerable attention in relation to their effects upon health. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is found in the common hop (Humulus lupulus) and assumed to be responsible for the health impact of beer consumption. We wanted to clarify the effects of prenylation on the physiological functions of dietary flavonoids by comparing the effects of 8-PN with that of intact naringenin in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy using a model of denervation in mice. Consumption of 8-PN (but not naringenin) prevented loss of weight in the gastrocnemius muscle further supported by the lack of induction of the protein content of a key ubiquitin ligase involved in muscle atrophy, atrogin-1, and by the activation of Akt phosphorylation. 8-PN content in the gastrocnemius muscle was tenfold higher than that of naringenin. These results suggested that, compared with naringenin, 8-PN was effectively concentrated into skeletal muscle to exert its preventive effects upon disuse muscle atrophy. It is likely that prenylation generates novel functions for 8-PN by enhancing its accumulation into muscle tissue through dietary intake.
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82
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Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of traditional Chinese herb pairs, Angelica sinensis and Sophora flavescens. Inflammation 2012; 35:913-9. [PMID: 21976127 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica sinensis extract (AE), Sophora flavescens extract (SE), and herb pair A. sinensis and S. flavescens extract (HPE). Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide. The anti-inflammatory potential of AE, SE, and HPE in the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. HPE showed strong antibacterial activity at all tested concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml) to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella Castellani and Chalmers. HPE significantly inhibited EIU-induced upregulation of NF-κB activation and the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, ICAM-1, and COX-2. Moreover, HPE suppressed MDA and infiltration of PMN. The study supports the hypothesis that the antipimple and anti-eczema activities of Dangguikushen compound recipe are attributed to herb pairs, A. sinensis and S. flavescens, used in combination.
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83
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Antitumor activities of kushen: literature review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:373219. [PMID: 22969826 PMCID: PMC3434675 DOI: 10.1155/2012/373219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To discover and develop novel natural compounds with therapeutic selectivity or that can preferentially kill cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal cells is an important area in cancer chemotherapy. Kushen, the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Kushen alkaloids (KS-As) and kushen flavonoids (KS-Fs) are well-characterized components in kushen. KS-As containing oxymatrine, matrine, and total alkaloids have been developed in China as anticancer drugs. More potent antitumor activities were identified in KS-Fs than in KS-As in vitro and in vivo. KS-Fs may be developed as novel antitumor agents.
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84
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Bai L, Zhu LY, Yang BS, Shi LJ, Liu Y, Jiang AM, Zhao LL, Song G, Liu TF. Antitumor and immunomodulating activity of a polysaccharide from Sophora flavescens Ait. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:705-9. [PMID: 22782069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The immunostimulatory activity of Sophora flavescens polysaccharide (SFPW1) was evaluated by using in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models. The results demonstrated that SFPW1 could effectively inhibit the tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice and promote the splenocyte proliferation, thus resulting in a prolonged life survival. For assay in vitro, SFPW1 significantly strengthened peritoneal macrophages to devour H22 tumor cells and stimulated macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) via up-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity. However, no direct cytotoxicity against H22 tumor cells was observed in vitro. These results suggest that SFPW1 might be a strong natural immunomodulator and the antitumor effect of this polysaccharide is associated with its potent immunostimulating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Gastroenterology Department, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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85
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Kim H, Lee MR, Lee GS, An WG, Cho SI. Effect of Sophora flavescens Aiton extract on degranulation of mast cells and contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:253-258. [PMID: 22580027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried root of Sophora flavescens Aiton (Sophorae radix, SR) has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever and swelling in eastern countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of SR using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis mouse model and in vitro using RBL-2H3 cells. RESULTS In mice, the topical application of 10 mg/mL of SR effectively inhibited enlargement of ear thickness and weight induced by repeated painting with DNFB. Topical application of SR also inhibited hyperplasia, edema, spongiosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells in ear tissue. In addition, production levels of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were decreased by SR in vivo. Finally, the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase, and migration were inhibited by treatment with SR. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the potential of SR in treating patients with allergic skin diseases and also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in anti-inflammatory action on the Th 1 skewing reaction and inhibition against recruitment and degranulation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungwoo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 626-870, South Korea.
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86
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Quang TH, Ngan NTT, Minh CV, Kiem PV, Tai BH, Thao NP, Kwon SU, Lee YM, Kang HK, Kim YH. α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from the Roots of Sophora flavescens. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.5.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Liu L, Xu X, Cheng D, Yao X, Pan S. Structure-activity relationship of citrus polymethoxylated flavones and their inhibitory effects on Aspergillus niger. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4336-4341. [PMID: 22500738 DOI: 10.1021/jf3012163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Citrus peels are rich in polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and are potential sources of natural preservatives. Six PMFs extracts, isolated and purified from the peels of three mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and three sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis), were identified and quantitated. Their inhibitory effects on Aspergillus niger were evaluated using a microbroth dilution assay. The Red tangerine variety exhibited the greatest antifungal activity (MIC = 0.2 mg/mL), while Jincheng showed the lowest activity (MIC = 1.8 mg/mL). An analysis of principal components was applied to the results in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of the citrus PMFs. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that, for good inhibitory effect, the 5-OH, 3-OCH₃, and 8-OCH₃ functionalities were essential, while the presence of 3-OH and 3'-OCH₃ greatly reduced inhibition. The findings of this study provide important information for the exploitation and utilization of citrus PMFs as natural biopreservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
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88
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Zhou XZ, Jia F, Liu XM, Yang C, Zhao L, Wang YJ. Total alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroides L. increase susceptibility of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli isolates to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:945-52. [PMID: 22528755 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of total alkaloids extracted from Sophorea alopecuroides L. (TASA) against clinical isolated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. METHODS The antibacterial activity of TASA either itself or in combination with cefotaxime (CTX) or ceftazidime (CAZ) was investigated by using the microbroth dilution method and phenotypic confirmatory disk diffusion test against three clinical isolated ESBLs-producing E. coli strains; the interactions of TASA and CTX or CAZ were ascertained by evaluating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS The antibacterial activity of either TASA itself or in combination with CTX or CAZ was found. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of TASA against the ESBLs producing isolates was 12.5 mg/mL. In the combinations with a sub-inhibitory concentration of TASA, a synergistic effect on CTX and CAZ against the ESBLs producing isolates was observed. Similarly, the isolates exposed to lower dose of TASA yielded an increased susceptibility to CTX and CAZ by 8-16 folds determined by microdilution assay. Moreover, enzymatic detection of ESBLs demonstrated that TASA induced reversal resistance to CTX and CAZ partially by a mechanism of inhibition of ESBLs activity in these isolates. Additionally, in the tested isolates following the exposure of TASA, molecular analysis verified the SHV-type beta-lactamase encoding ESBL gene in these isolates, and no mutation was introduced into the ESBL gene. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TASA could be used as a source of natural compound with pharmacological activity of reversal resistance to antimicrobial agent. These findings also indicated that the application of the TASA in combination with antibiotics might prove useful in the control and treatment of infectious diseases caused by the ESBLs producing enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-zhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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89
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Hwang GB, Lee JE, Nho CW, Lee BU, Lee SJ, Jung JH, Bae GN. Short-term effect of humid airflow on antimicrobial air filters using Sophora flavescens nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:273-279. [PMID: 22369866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols have received social and scientific attention because they can be hazardous to human health. Recently, antimicrobial treatments using natural products have been used to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) since they are typically less toxic to humans compared to other antimicrobial substances such as silver, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides. Few studies, however, have examined how environmental conditions such as the relative humidity (RH), surrounding temperature, and retention time of bacteria on filters affect the filtration and antimicrobial characteristics of a filter treated with such natural products. In this study, we investigated changes in the morphology of the natural nanoparticles, pressure drop, filtration efficiency, and the inactivation rate caused by the short-term effect of humid airflow on antimicrobial fiber filters. Nanoparticles of Sophora flavescens were deposited on the filter media surface using an aerosol process. We observed coalescence and morphological changes of the nanoparticles on fiber filters under humid conditions of an RH >50%. The level of coalescence in these nanoparticles increased with increasing RH. Filters exposed to an RH of 25% have a higher pressure drop than those exposed to an RH >50%. In an inactivation test against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial aerosol, the inactivation efficiency at an RH of 25% was higher than that at an RH of 57% or 82%. To effectively apply antimicrobial filters using natural products in the environment, one must characterize the filters under various environmental conditions. Thus, this study provides important information on the use of antimicrobial filters made of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Byoung Hwang
- Environmental Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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91
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Oh HM, Lee SW, Park MH, Kim MH, Ryu YB, Kim MS, Kim HH, Park KH, Lee WS, Park SJ, Rho MC. Norkurarinol inhibits toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling pathway and rotavirus replication. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:161-70. [PMID: 22293288 PMCID: PMC7128696 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11077fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of norkurarinol on the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated signaling pathways and rotavirus replication. Norkurarinol, a lavandulylated flavanone, was isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity. Norkurarinol suppressed the NF-κB and AP-1 inducible secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity induced by poly(I:C), TLR3 ligand, in THP1-Blue-CD14 cells with IC50 values of 20.9 μM. Norkurarinol also significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of proinflammatory and adhesive molecules induced by poly(I:C) and rotavirus infection. Pretreatment of norkurarinol blocked the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of MAPKs induced by poly(I:C). On the other hand, norkurarinol increased the level of IRF3 phosphorylation and IFNβ expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, norkurarinol inhibited the rotavirus-induced cytopathic effects. These results suggest that norkurarinol can modulate the TLR3-mediated inflammatory responses and rotavirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Mee Oh
- Bioindustrial Process Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Republic of Korea
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92
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Chan BCL, Yu H, Wong CW, Lui SL, Jolivalt C, Ganem-Elbaz C, Paris JM, Morleo B, Litaudon M, Lau CBS, Ip M, Fung KP, Leung PC, Han QB. Quick identification of kuraridin, a noncytotoxic anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) agent from Sophora flavescens using high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 880:157-62. [PMID: 22177235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem of public health that concerns almost all currently used antibacterial agents and that manifests in all fields of their application. To find more antibacterial agents from natural resources is all the time considered as an important strategy. Sophora flavescens is a popularly used antibacterial herb in Chinese Medicine, from which prenylated flavones were reported as the antibacterial ingredients but with a major concern of toxicity. In our screening on the antibacterial activities of various chemicals of this herb, 18 fractions were obtained from 8 g of 50% ethanol extract on a preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC, 1000 ml). The system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:1:1:1) was used as the two-phase separation solvent. A chalcone named kuraridin was isolated from the best anti-MRSA fraction, together with sophoraflavanone G, a known active ingredient of S. flavescens. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the NMR spectra. Both compounds exhibited significant anti-MRSA effects, compared to baicalein that is a well known anti-MRSA natural product. More important, kuraridin showed no toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at the concentration up to 64 μg/ml while sophoraflavanone G inhibited over 50% of cellular activity at 4 μg/ml or higher concentration. These data suggested that opening of ring A of the prenylated flavones might decrease the toxicity and remain the anti-MRSA effect, from a viewpoint of structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N T, Hong Kong SAR, China
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93
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Han CC, Wei H, Guo J. Anti-inflammatory effects of fermented and non-fermented Sophora flavescens: a comparative study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:100. [PMID: 22026927 PMCID: PMC3215180 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The roots of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae) have been used in East Asian countries as an herbal medicine and a food ingredient for thousands of years. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of S. flavescens fermentation on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. Methods EIU was induced in rats via a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immediately after the LPS inoculation, fermented and non-fermented extracts of S. flavescens (FSE and NFSE, respectively) were administered orally, and the aqueous humor was collected from both eyes 24 hours later. The anti-inflammatory effects of FSE and NFSE were examined in terms of regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The regulation of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) levels and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration by FSE and NFSE were also examined. Results Treatment with FSE significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in IL-1β and TNF-α production and the expression of iNOS, ICAM-1 and COX-2. Moreover, FSE suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation, and reduced both MDA levels and infiltration by PMN. Conclusion These results indicate that solid state fermentation may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of S. flavescens.
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94
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Nisar M, Kaleem WA, Khan I, Adhikari A, Khan N, Shah MR, Khan IA, Qayum M, Samiullah, Ismail M, Aman A. Molecular simulations probing Kushecarpin A as a new lipoxygenase inhibitor. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:1008-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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95
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96
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Oh I, Yang WY, Chung SC, Kim TY, Oh KB, Shin J. In vitro sortase A inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of flavonoids isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:217-22. [PMID: 21380804 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of flavonoids (1-14) was isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens. We evaluated their ability to inhibit both microbial growth and sortase A, an enzyme that plays a key role in cell wall protein anchoring and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Most prenylated flavonoids (7-13) displayed potent inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except E. coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 4.40 to 27.7 μM, and weak or no activity against fungal strains tested. Kurarinol (6) was a potent inhibitor of sortase A, with an IC(50) value of 107.7 ± 6.6 μM. A preliminary structure-activity relationship, including essential structural requirements, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhoon Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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97
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Cha JD, Moon SE, Kim JY, Jung EK, Lee YS. Antibacterial activity of sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytother Res 2011; 23:1326-31. [PMID: 19288534 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sophoraflavanone G obtained from Sophora flavescens was evaluated against 10 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), either alone or in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin, via checkerboard assay. At the end point of an optically clear well, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.5 to 8 microg/ml for sophoraflavanone G, from 64 to 1024 microg/ml for ampicillin, and from 256 to 1024 microg/ml for oxacillin. The combination of sophoraflavanone G and ampicillin or oxacillin yielded a fractional inhibitory concentration index ranging from 0.188 to 0.375, thereby indicating a principally synergistic effect. The synergistic interaction was verified by time-kill studies using sophoraflavanone G and/or antibiotics. Thirty minutes of treatment with sophoraflavanone G with ampicillin or oxacillin resulted in an increase in the rate of killing in units of CFU/ml to a greater degree than was observed with Sophoraflavanone G alone. These findings indicated that the application of the tested sophoraflavanone G alone or in combination with antibiotics might prove useful in the control and treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Dan Cha
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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98
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Yang X, Baburin I, Plitzko I, Hering S, Hamburger M. HPLC-based activity profiling for GABAA receptor modulators from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Kushen (Sophora flavescens root). Mol Divers 2011; 15:361-72. [PMID: 21207144 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An EtOAc extract from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Kushen) potentiated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced chloride influx in Xenopus oocytes transiently expressing GABA(A) receptors with subunit composition, α (1) β (2) γ (2S). HPLC-based activity profiling of the extract led to the identification of 8-lavandulyl flavonoids, kushenol I, sophoraflavanone G, (-)-kurarinone, and kuraridine as GABA(A) receptor modulators. In addition, a series of inactive structurally related flavonoids were characterized. Among these, kushenol Y (4) was identified as a new natural product. The 8-lavandulyl flavonoids are first representatives of a novel scaffold for the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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99
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Liu D, Xin X, Su DH, Liu J, Wei Q, Li B, Cui J. Two New Lavandulyl Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel lavandulyl flavonoids, (2 S)-7-methoxyl-4″, 5″ -dihydroxynorkurarinone (1) and (2 S)-6″ -hydroxynorkurarinone-7- O-β-D-galactoside (2), were isolated from the rhizome of Sophora flavescens. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods, including 2D NMR spectroscopy. Both compounds showed cytotoxic activity against Hela cells, with 2 being more active than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiulan Xin
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong-hai Su
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Center University for Nationalities, Chinese Minority Traditional Medical Center, Beijing 10081, China
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Bi W, Tian M, Row KH. Solid-phase extraction of matrine and oxymatrine from Sophora Flavescens Ait using amino-imidazolium polymer. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1739-45. [PMID: 20437409 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new, polymer-confined, ionic liquid sorbent was developed by a process involving polymerization and modification. The obtained particles were successfully used as a special sorbent in SPE process to isolate matrine and oxymatrine from Sophora Flavescens Ait. Different washing and elution solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile and methanol/triethylamine (90:10, v/v), were evaluated. Compared with the C(18) and NH(2) sorbents, the amino-imidazolium polymer sorbent exhibited higher selectivity. Quantitative analysis was carried out by using a C(18) column. The two compounds exhibited good linearity from 5x10(-3) to 0.50 mg/mL (r(2)>0.99). The bound amounts between target compounds and proteins were obtained by this sorbent. After three recycles of amino-imidazolium polymer, the extract amounts of the target compounds were not significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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