51
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A simple click generated probe for highly selective sequential recognition of Cu(II) and pyrophosphate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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52
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Li X, Gao X, Shi W, Ma H. Design strategies for water-soluble small molecular chromogenic and fluorogenic probes. Chem Rev 2013; 114:590-659. [PMID: 24024656 DOI: 10.1021/cr300508p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1195] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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53
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Das P, Chandar NB, Chourey S, Agarwalla H, Ganguly B, Das A. Role of metal ion in specific recognition of pyrophosphate ion under physiological conditions and hydrolysis of the phosphoester linkage by alkaline phosphatase. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11034-41. [PMID: 24020456 DOI: 10.1021/ic401243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Complexes synthesized from Zn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II), using a dipicolyl amine derivative (L), showed unique specificity toward pyrophosphate ion (PPi or P4O7(4-)) among all other common anionic analytes, including different biologically significant phosphate ion (PO4(3-), H2PO4(2-)) or phosphate-ion-based nucleotides, such as AMP, ADP, ATP, and CTP. However, the relative affinities of PPi toward these three metal complexes were found to vary and follow the order K(a)(L.Zn-PPi) > are given in units of (a)(L.Cu-PPi) ≥ K(a)(L.Cd-PPi). Luminescence responses of the receptor L were substantial on binding to Zn(2+) and Cd(2+), while relatively a much smaller luminescence response was observed in the presence of Cu(2+). Luminescence responses of L.M-PPi (M is Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Cu(2+)) were further modified on binding to the PPi ion. This could be utilized for quantitative detection of PPi in physiological condition as well as for developing a real time "turn-on" (for L.Zn and L.Cu) and "turn-off" (for L.Cd) fluorescence assay for evaluating the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Experimental results revealed how the subtle differences in the binding affinities between PPi and M in L.M (M is Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Cu(2+)), could influence the cleavage of the phosphoester linkage in PPi by ALP. The DFT calculations further revealed that the hydrolytic cleavage of the metal ion coordinated phosphoester bond is kinetically faster than that for free PPi and thus, rationalized the observed difference in the cleavage of the phosphoester bond by an important mammalian enzyme such as ALP in the presence of different metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadip Das
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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54
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Anbu S, Kamalraj S, Jayabaskaran C, Mukherjee PS. Naphthalene Carbohydrazone Based Dizinc(II) Chemosensor for a Pyrophosphate Ion and Its DNA Assessment Application in Polymerase Chain Reaction Products. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8294-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sellamuthu Anbu
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
560 012, India
| | - Subban Kamalraj
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
560 012, India
| | - Chelliah Jayabaskaran
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
560 012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
560 012, India
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55
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Zheng ZB, Duan ZM, Ma YY, Wang KZ. Highly Sensitive and Selective Difunctional Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Chemosensor for Dihydrogen Phosphate Anion and Ferrous Cation. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2306-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301555r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bao Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory
of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Taishan University, Taian
271021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory
of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory
of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory
of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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56
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Fluorescent bis-chelated-1,10-phenanthroline-azido-copper(II) complex for selective sensing of aniline. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Xu QC, Wang XF, Xing GW, Zhang Y. Carbazole substituted 2-aminobenzamide compounds: synthesis, fluorescence ON–OFF–ON sensing of Zn(ii) and PPi ions, assay for alkaline phosphatase, and computational study. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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58
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Liu X, Ngo HT, Ge Z, Butler SJ, Jolliffe KA. Tuning colourimetric indicator displacement assays for naked-eye sensing of pyrophosphate in aqueous media. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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59
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Goswami S, Paul S, Manna A. Selective “naked eye” detection of Al(iii) and PPi in aqueous media on a rhodamine–isatin hybrid moiety. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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60
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Sen S, Mukherjee M, Chakrabarty K, Hauli I, Mukhopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay P. Cell permeable fluorescent receptor for detection of H2PO4− in aqueous solvent. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1537-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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61
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62
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Rao AS, Singha S, Choi W, Ahn KH. Studies on acedan-based mononuclear zinc complexes toward selective fluorescent probes for pyrophosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8410-7. [PMID: 23001147 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that mononuclear Zn(II)-dipicolylamine (DPA) complexes with an auxiliary ligand can fluorescently discriminate pyrophosphate over ATP with as high selectivity as the known fast responding dinuclear bis(ZnDPA) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Sreenivasa Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advance Molecular Systems, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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63
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Yang S, Feng G, Williams NH. Highly selective colorimetric sensing pyrophosphate in water by a NBD-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear Zn(II) complex. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5606-12. [PMID: 22733118 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel NBD-phenoxo-bridged dinuclear Zn(II) complex is found to be an effective colorimetric sensor for pyrophosphate (PPi) in pure aqueous solution over a wide pH range. This sensor shows high binding affinity (K(a)≈ 3 × 10(8) M(-1)) and high selectivity for PPi, and can be also used to assay the activity of pyrophosphatase in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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64
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Ngo HT, Liu X, Jolliffe KA. Anion recognition and sensing with Zn(II)-dipicolylamine complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4928-65. [PMID: 22688834 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35087d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This critical review covers the developments in anion recognition and sensing using Zn(II)-dipicolylamine functionalized receptors over the past decade with emphasis on recent rapid advances in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Tien Ngo
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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65
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Pathak RK, Tabbasum K, Rai A, Panda D, Rao CP. Pyrophosphate Sensing by a Fluorescent Zn2+Bound Triazole Linked Imino-Thiophenyl Conjugate of Calix[4]arene in HEPES Buffer Medium: Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Cellular Studies. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5117-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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66
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Jadhav JR, Wasi Ahmad M, Kim HS. Selective recognition of H2PO4- by a cholestane-imidazole-zinc ensemble. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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67
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Pathak RK, Hinge VK, Rai A, Panda D, Rao CP. Imino-phenolic-pyridyl conjugates of calix[4]arene (L1 and L2) as primary fluorescence switch-on sensors for Zn2+ in solution and in HeLa cells and the recognition of pyrophosphate and ATP by [ZnL2]. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4994-5005. [PMID: 22519733 DOI: 10.1021/ic202426v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyridyl-based triazole-linked calix[4]arene conjugates, viz. L(1) and L(2), were synthesized and characterized. These two conjugates were shown to be selective and sensitive for Zn(2+) among the 12 metal ions studied in HEPES buffer medium by fluorescence, absorption, and visual color change with the detection limit of ~31 and ~112 ppb, respectively, by L(1) and L(2). Moreover, the utility of the conjugates L(1) and L(2) in showing the zinc recognition in live cells has also been demonstrated using HeLa cells as monitored by fluorescence imaging. The zinc complexes of L(1) and L(2) were isolated, and the structure of [ZnL(1)] has been established by single-crystal XRD and that of [ZnL(2)] by DFT calculations. TDDFT calculations were performed in order to demonstrate the electronic properties of receptors and their zinc complexes. The isolated zinc complexes, viz. [ZnL(1)] and [ZnL(2)], have been used as molecular tools for the recognition of anions on the basis of their binding affinities toward Zn(2+). [ZnL(2)] was found to be sensitive and selective toward phosphate-bearing ions and molecules and in particular to pyrophosphate (PPi) and ATP among the other 18 anions studied; however, [ZnL(1)] was not sensitive toward any of the anions studied. The selectivity has been shown on the basis of the changes observed in the emission and absorption spectral studies through the removal of Zn(2+) from [ZnL(2)] by PPi. Thus, [ZnL(2)] has been shown to detect PPi up to 278 ± 10 ppb at pH 7.4 in aqueous methanolic (1/2 v/v) HEPES buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Pathak
- Bioinorganic Laboratory & Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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68
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69
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Bhalla V, Vij V, Kumar M, Sharma PR, Kaur T. Recognition of adenosine monophosphate and H2PO4- using zinc ensemble of new hexaphenylbenzene derivative: potential bioprobe and multichannel keypad system. Org Lett 2012; 14:1012-5. [PMID: 22280540 DOI: 10.1021/ol203339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ensemble of hexaphenylbenzene derivative 3 exhibits sensitive response toward adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and H(2)PO(4)(-) ions. Further, the application of derivative 3 as a multichannel molecular keypad could be realized in the presence of inputs of Zn(2+) ions, H(2)PO(4)(-) ions, and AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Center for Advanced Studies-1, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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70
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Liang LJ, Zhao XJ, Huang CZ. Zn(ii) complex of terpyridine for the highly selective fluorescent recognition of pyrophosphate. Analyst 2012; 137:953-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Kim K, Ha Y, Kaufman L, Churchill DG. Labile zinc-assisted biological phosphate chemosensing and related molecular logic gating interpretations. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:928-38. [PMID: 22201447 DOI: 10.1021/ic201948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, molecular fluorescence 'OFF-ON' behavior with aqueous addition of biological phosphate and Zn(2+) is studied with Zn(2)(slys)(2)Cl(2) [H(2)slys = 6-amino-2-{(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino}hexanoic acid], a fluorescent water-soluble complex, using various spectroscopic tools (e.g., (31)P NMR, UV-vis, emission, and CD spectroscopy) at the micromolar level. Adduct-dependent fluorescence intensity changes can be interpreted as a two-input (cation/anion) implication molecular logic gating system. A displacement study of PPi from the dizinc complex is also reported. Diphosphate and triphosphate addition/displacements were also studied. (31)P NMR spectroscopy shows gradual NMR peak shifts from bound ADP/GDP to free ADP/GDP with increasing [PPi]. In the emission spectrum, fluorescence quenching is shown: CD signal maxima decrease with addition of PPi. These displacement events are also tested with triphosphates (ATP, GTP), and their binding strength/displacement ability over ADP/GDP is quantified: PPi > ATP ≈ GTP (3.35 ± 0.77 × 10(4) M(-1) for PPi, 7.73 ± 1.79 × 10(3) M(-1) for ATP, 9.21 ± 2.88 × 10(3) M(-1) for GTP over 1·ADP). Many anions and cations were also screened for selectivity. Tubulin polymerization was assayed in the presence of 1 and its copper analogue which reflected a slight inhibition in polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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72
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Hargrove AE, Nieto S, Zhang T, Sessler JL, Anslyn EV. Artificial receptors for the recognition of phosphorylated molecules. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6603-782. [PMID: 21910402 PMCID: PMC3212652 DOI: 10.1021/cr100242s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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73
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Chen X, Pradhan T, Wang F, Kim JS, Yoon J. Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Spiroring-Opening of Xanthenes and Related Derivatives. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1910-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200201z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1608] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tuhin Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Fang Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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74
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Roy B, Rao AS, Ahn KH. Mononuclear Zn(II)- and Cu(II)-complexes of a hydroxynaphthalene-derived dipicolylamine: fluorescent sensing behaviours toward pyrophosphate ions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7774-9. [PMID: 21952647 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05999h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear Zn(II)-DPA and Cu(II)-DPA complexes crafted on 2-hydroxy-6-cyanonaphthalene fluorophore selectively recognize PPi over ATP and other anions including inorganic phosphates in aqueous medium, showing turn-on type fluorescence enhancements. Coordination of a hydroxyl group of the fluorophore, directly or in alkoxy form, to the central metal ion is crucial for the sensing processes. Both the complexes elicit a fluorescence increase in a time-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basab Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advance Molecular Systems, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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75
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Hong JI. Highly sensitive chemosensor for detection of PPi with improved detection limit. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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76
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Tang L, Liu M. Fluorescent Recognition of Pyrophosphate in Water by a New Chemosensing ensemble. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13129777578197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new chemosensing ensemble that exhibits sensitive and selective recognition of pyrophosphate in 100% aqueous solution at physiological pH has been developed. The chemosensing ensemble was constructed by a dinuclear Zn(II) complex and eosin Y, the receptor–indicator pair is capable of selectively discriminating pyrophosphate from other common anions such as I-, Cl-, Br-, F-, CH3COO-, HSO4-, NO3-, H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43- and NCS- in water at pH 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China
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77
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Cheng T, Wang T, Zhu W, Chen X, Yang Y, Xu Y, Qian X. Red-Emission Fluorescent Probe Sensing Cadmium and Pyrophosphate Selectively in Aqueous Solution. Org Lett 2011; 13:3656-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201305d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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78
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Ahmed N, Geronimo I, Hwang IC, Singh NJ, Kim KS. cyclo-Bis(urea-3,6-dichlorocarbazole) as a chromogenic and fluorogenic receptor for anions and a selective sensor of zinc and copper cations. Chemistry 2011; 17:8542-8. [PMID: 21678506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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79
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Das P, Ghosh A, Kesharwani MK, Ramu V, Ganguly B, Das A. ZnII-2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine-Based Complex as Fluorescent Chemosensor for PPi, AMP and ADP. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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80
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Zhou Y, Jung JY, Jeon HR, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Yoon J. A novel supermolecular tetrameric vanadate-selective colorimetric and "off-on" sensor with pyrene ligand. Org Lett 2011; 13:2742-5. [PMID: 21513281 DOI: 10.1021/ol200846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tris(2-((ethylimino)methyl)pyren-1-ol)amine (1) was synthesized and introduced as the first tetrameric vanadate fluorescence sensor, the entire binding of which was successfully accomplished in two steps with distinct colorimetric changes and "off-on" fluorescent enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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81
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Xu Z, Choi JY, Yoon JY. Fluorescence Sensing of Dihydrogen Phosphate and Pyrophosphate using Imidazolium Anthracene Derivatives. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.4.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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82
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Xu Z, Spring DR, Yoon J. Fluorescent sensing and discrimination of ATP and ADP based on a unique sandwich assembly of pyrene-adenine-pyrene. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2114-22. [PMID: 21506284 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is still a challenging task to discriminate adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) from various nucleoside triphosphates, such as GTP, CTP, UTP, and TTP. The ability to distinguish ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by fluorescent signals is also urgently desired. Herein, we report two pyrene-based zinc complexes as nucleoside polyphosphate receptors with high selectivity for ATP and ADP based on fluorescence and NMR studies. A unique pyrene-adenine-pyrene sandwich assembly was observed in the case of compound 1 with ATP or ADP, resulting in the increase of monomer fluorescence intensity; whereas the other bases of nucleoside triphosphates, such as GTP, CTP, UTP, and TTP were not sandwiched, resulting in a switch in the monomer-excimer fluorescence of pyrene. The different binding patterns of various nucleobases with a pyrene-pyrene assembly make 1 a highly selective fluorescent sensor for ANP (N=di, tri). In the case of compound 2, the first 0.5 equivalents of ATP induced a strong excimer emission, whilst ADP induced a large enhancement in the monomeric fluorescent peak. This fluorescence change makes 2 an efficient sensor to discriminate ATP from ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
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83
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Ravikumar I, Ghosh P. Zinc(II) and PPi Selective Fluorescence OFF–ON–OFF Functionality of a Chemosensor in Physiological Conditions. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4229-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200314t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ravikumar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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84
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Devoille AMJ, Richardson P, Bill N, Sessler JL, Love JB. Selective anion binding by a cofacial binuclear zinc complex of a Schiff-base pyrrole macrocycle. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3116-26. [PMID: 21391550 PMCID: PMC3133679 DOI: 10.1021/ic200082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the new cofacial binuclear zinc complex [Zn(2)(L)] of a Schiff-base pyrrole macrocycle is reported. It was discovered that the binuclear microenvironment between the two metals of [Zn(2)(L)] is suited for the encapsulation of anions, leading to the formation of [K(THF)(6)][Zn(2)(μ-Cl)(L)]·2THF and [Bu(n)(4)N][Zn(2)(μ-OH)(L)] which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Unusually obtuse Zn-X-Zn angles (X = Cl: 150.54(9)° and OH: 157.4(3)°) illustrate the weak character of these interactions and the importance of the cleft preorganization to stabilize the host. In the absence of added anion, aggregation of [Zn(2)(L)] was inferred and investigated by successive dilutions and by the addition of coordinating solvents to [Zn(2)(L)] solutions using NMR spectroscopy as well as isothermal microcalorimetry (ITC). On anion addition, evidence for deaggregation of [Zn(2)(L)], combined with the formation of the 1:1 host-guest complex, was observed by NMR spectroscopy and ITC titrations. Furthermore, [Zn(2)(L)] binds to Cl(-) selectively in THF as deduced from the ITC analyses, while other halides induce only deaggregation. These conclusions were reinforced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which indicated that the binding energies of OH(-) and Cl(-) were significantly greater than for the other halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M. J. Devoille
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Patricia Richardson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
| | - Nathan Bill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station – A5300, The University of Texas Austin, TX 78712-0165 U. S. A
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station – A5300, The University of Texas Austin, TX 78712-0165 U. S. A
| | - Jason B. Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U. K
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85
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Chen WH, Xing Y, Pang Y. A Highly Selective Pyrophosphate Sensor Based on ESIPT Turn-On in Water. Org Lett 2011; 13:1362-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200054w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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86
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Lee JH, Jeong AR, Jung JH, Park CM, Hong JI. A highly selective and sensitive fluorescence sensing system for distinction between diphosphate and nucleoside triphosphates. J Org Chem 2010; 76:417-23. [PMID: 21174420 DOI: 10.1021/jo1017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Among the numerous chemosensors available for diphosphate (P(2)O(7)(4-), PPi) and nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), only a few can distinguish between PPi and NTPs. Hence, very few bioanalytical applications based on such selective chemosensors have been realized. We have developed a new fluorescence sensing system for distinction between PPi and NTPs based on the combination of two sensors, a binuclear Zn(II) complex (1·2Zn) and boronic acid (BA), in which one chemosensor (1·2Zn) shows signal changes depending on the PPi (or NTP) concentration, and the other (BA) blocks the signal change caused by NTPs; this system enables the distinction of PPi from NTPs and is sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of PPi. The new sensing system has been successfully used for the direct quantification of RNA polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Han Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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87
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Swamy K, Kim MJ, Jeon HR, Jung JY, Yoon JY. New 7-Hydroxycoumarin-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors for Zn(II) and Cd(II). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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88
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Goswami S, Sen D, Das NK. Metal ion based chiral fluorescence sensor selective for dihydrogenphosphate. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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89
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Zeng Z, Torriero AAJ, Bond AM, Spiccia L. Fluorescent and electrochemical sensing of polyphosphate nucleotides by ferrocene functionalised with two Zn(II)(TACN)(pyrene) complexes. Chemistry 2010; 16:9154-63. [PMID: 20623565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The [Fc-bis{Zn(II)(TACN)(Py)}] complex, comprising two Zn(II)(TACN) ligands (Fc=ferrocene; Py=pyrene; TACN=1,4,7-triazacyclononane) bearing fluorescent pyrene chromophores linked by an electrochemically active ferrocene molecule has been synthesised in high yield through a multistep procedure. In the absence of the polyphosphate guest molecules, very weak excimer emission was observed, indicating that the two pyrene-bearing Zn(II)(TACN) units are arranged in a trans-like configuration with respect to the ferrocene bridging unit. Binding of a variety of polyphosphate anionic guests (PPi and nucleotides di- and triphosphate) promotes the interaction between pyrene units and results in an enhancement in excimer emission. Investigations of phosphate binding by (31)P NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence and electrochemical techniques confirmed a 1:1 stoichiometry for the binding of PPi and nucleotide polyphosphate anions to the bis(Zn(II)(TACN)) moiety of [Fc-bis{Zn(II)(TACN)(Py)}] and indicated that binding induces a trans to cis configuration rearrangement of the bis(Zn(II)(TACN)) complexes that is responsible for the enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission. Pyrophosphate was concluded to have the strongest affinity to [Fc-bis{Zn(II)(TACN)(Py)}] among the anions tested based on a six-fold fluorescence enhancement and 0.1 V negative shift in the potential of the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. The binding constant for a variety of polyphosphate anions was determined from the change in the intensity of pyrene excimer emission with polyphosphate concentration, measured at 475 nm in CH(3)CN/Tris-HCl (1:9) buffer solution (10.0 mM, pH 7.4). These measurements confirmed that pyrophosphate binds more strongly (K(b)=(4.45+/-0.41) x 10(6) M(-1)) than the other nucleotide di- and triphosphates (K(b)=1-50 x 10(5) M(-1)) tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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90
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Tang L, Liu M, Li F, Nandhakumar R. Highly selective fluorescent recognition of pyrophosphate in water by a new chemosensing ensemble. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:701-5. [PMID: 21052810 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new chemosensing ensemble that displays sensitive and selective fluorescent recognition of pyrophosphate in water at pH 7.4 has been developed. The ensemble is constructed by a copper complex (receptor) and eosin Y (indicator), the constructed ensemble is capable of highly selectively discriminate pyrophosphate from other common existing anions such as CH(3)COO(-), HSO(4)(-), NO(3)(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), HPO(4)(2-), PO(4)(3-), NCS(-), I(-), Cl(-), Br(-), F(-) as well as some structurally similar carboxylates such as citrate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate, succinate and glutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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91
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Shao N, Wang H, Gao X, Yang R, Chan W. Spiropyran-Based Fluorescent Anion Probe and Its Application for Urinary Pyrophosphate Detection. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4628-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1008089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - XiaDi Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - RongHua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - WingHong Chan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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92
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Luisi R, Giovine A, Florio S. New Arylaziridinyldifluoroborates: Useful Suzuki-Miyaura Reagents. Chemistry 2010; 16:2683-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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93
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Gao J, Riis-Johannessen T, Scopelliti R, Qian X, Severin K. A fluorescent sensor for pyrophosphate based on a Pd(ii) complex. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7114-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00434k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Lohani CR, Kim JM, Chung SY, Yoon J, Lee KH. Colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate in 100% aqueous solution by a system comprised of rhodamine B compound and Al3+ complex. Analyst 2010; 135:2079-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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95
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Wang J, Ha CS. Azobenzene-based system for fluorimetric sensing of H2PO4− (Pi) that works as a molecular keypad lock. Analyst 2010; 135:1214-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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96
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Guo Z, Zhu W, Tian H. Hydrophilic Copolymer Bearing Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran Moiety As Fluorescent Film Sensor for Cu2+ and Pyrophosphate Anion. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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97
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A new chemosensing ensemble for fluorescent recognition of pyrophosphate in water at physiological pH. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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98
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Kim MJ, Swamy KMK, Lee KM, Jagdale AR, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Yoo KH, Yoon J. Pyrophosphate selective fluorescent chemosensors based on coumarin-DPA-Cu(II) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7215-7. [PMID: 19921034 DOI: 10.1039/b913809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new coumarin derivatives displayed highly selective "Off-On" fluorescence changes with pyrophosphate between various anions including ATP, ADP, AMP and inorganic phosphate in 100% aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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99
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Haas KL, Franz KJ. Application of metal coordination chemistry to explore and manipulate cell biology. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4921-60. [PMID: 19715312 PMCID: PMC2761982 DOI: 10.1021/cr900134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Haas
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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100
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Wong BA, Friedle S, Lippard SJ. Solution and fluorescence properties of symmetric dipicolylamine-containing dichlorofluorescein-based Zn2+ sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7142-52. [PMID: 19405465 DOI: 10.1021/ja900980u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which dipicolylamine (DPA) chelate-appended fluorophores respond to zinc was investigated by the synthesis and study of five new analogues of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-based Zn(2+) sensor Zinpyr-1 (ZP1). With the use of absorption and emission spectroscopy in combination with potentiometric titrations, a detailed molecular picture has emerged of the Zn(2+) and H(+) binding properties of the ZP1 family of sensors. The two separate N(3)O donor atom sets on ZP1 converge to form binding pockets in which all four heteroatoms participate in coordination to either Zn(2+) or protons. The position of the pyridyl group nitrogen atom, 2-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl, has a large impact on the fluorescence response of the dyes to protons despite relatively small changes in pK(a) values. The fluorescence quenching effects of such multifunctional electron-donating units are often taken as a whole. Despite the structural complexity of ZP1, however, we provide evidence that the pyridyl arms of the DPA appendages participate in the quenching process, in addition to the contribution from the tertiary nitrogen amine atom. Potentiometric titrations reveal ZP1 dissociation constants (K(d)) for Zn(2+) of 0.04 pM and 1.2 nM for binding to the first and second binding pockets of the ligand, respectively, the second of which correlates with the value observed by fluorescence titration. This result demonstrates that both binding pockets of this symmetric, ditopic sensor need to be occupied in order for full fluorescence turn-on to be achieved. These results have significant implications for the design and implementation of fluorescent sensors for studies of mobile zinc ions in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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