51
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Abstract
New results from the Mars Express Orbiter mission reveal multiple deposits of minerals formed in the presence of liquid water. They reinforce the conclusion that ancient Mars was warmer and wetter than it is today, and increase the number of promising localities to search for evidence of past life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Paige
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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52
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Stockstill KR, Moersch JE, Ruff SW, Baldridge A, Farmer J. Thermal Emission Spectrometer hyperspectral analyses of proposed paleolake basins on Mars: No evidence for in-place carbonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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53
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Glotch TD. Geologic and mineralogic mapping of Aram Chaos: Evidence for a water-rich history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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54
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Hamilton VE, McSween HY, Hapke B. Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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55
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56
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Martínez-Alonso S. A volcanic interpretation of Gusev Crater surface materials from thermophysical, spectral, and morphological evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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57
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Chan MA, Beitler Bowen B, Parry W, Ormö J, Komatsu G. Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars concretions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015[4:rrarpd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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58
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Rogers AD. Compositional heterogeneity of the ancient Martian crust: Analysis of Ares Vallis bedrock with THEMIS and TES data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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59
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Pettinelli E. Laboratory investigations into the electromagnetic properties of magnetite/silica mixtures as Martian soil simulants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Klingelhöfer G, Morris RV, Bernhardt B, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, de Souza PA, Yen A, Gellert R, Evlanov EN, Zubkov B, Foh J, Bonnes U, Kankeleit E, Gütlich P, Ming DW, Renz F, Wdowiak T, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Jarosite and Hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer Spectrometer. Science 2004; 306:1740-5. [PMID: 15576610 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mossbauer spectra measured by the Opportunity rover revealed four mineralogical components in Meridiani Planum at Eagle crater: jarosite- and hematite-rich outcrop, hematite-rich soil, olivine-bearing basaltic soil, and a pyroxene-bearing basaltic rock (Bounce rock). Spherules, interpreted to be concretions, are hematite-rich and dispersed throughout the outcrop. Hematitic soils both within and outside Eagle crater are dominated by spherules and their fragments. Olivine-bearing basaltic soil is present throughout the region. Bounce rock is probably an impact erratic. Because jarosite is a hydroxide sulfate mineral, its presence at Meridiani Planum is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes on Mars, probably under acid-sulfate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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61
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Christensen PR, Wyatt MB, Glotch TD, Rogers AD, Anwar S, Arvidson RE, Bandfield JL, Blaney DL, Budney C, Calvin WM, Fallacaro A, Fergason RL, Gorelick N, Graff TG, Hamilton VE, Hayes AG, Johnson JR, Knudson AT, McSween HY, Mehall GL, Mehall LK, Moersch JE, Morris RV, Smith MD, Squyres SW, Ruff SW, Wolff MJ. Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES Experiment on the Opportunity Rover. Science 2004; 306:1733-9. [PMID: 15576609 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Opportunity investigated the mineral abundances and compositions of outcrops, rocks, and soils at Meridiani Planum. Coarse crystalline hematite and olivine-rich basaltic sands were observed as predicted from orbital TES spectroscopy. Outcrops of aqueous origin are composed of 15 to 35% by volume magnesium and calcium sulfates [a high-silica component modeled as a combination of glass, feldspar, and sheet silicates (approximately 20 to 30%)], and hematite; only minor jarosite is identified in Mini-TES spectra. Mini-TES spectra show only a hematite signature in the millimeter-sized spherules. Basaltic materials have more plagioclase than pyroxene, contain olivine, and are similar in inferred mineral composition to basalt mapped from orbit. Bounce rock is dominated by clinopyroxene and is close in inferred mineral composition to the basaltic martian meteorites. Bright wind streak material matches global dust. Waterlain rocks covered by unaltered basaltic sands suggest a change from an aqueous environment to one dominated by physical weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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62
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Hynek BM. Implications for hydrologic processes on Mars from extensive bedrock outcrops throughout Terra Meridiani. Nature 2004; 431:156-9. [PMID: 15356623 DOI: 10.1038/nature02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Grey haematite was recently detected in the Terra Meridiani region of Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The formation of haematite on Earth often requires liquid water to be present for long periods of time, making this an important target for deciphering the history of water on Mars. The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed in Meridiani early in 2004 and has since discovered light-toned bedrock outcrops rich in chemical and textural signatures of long-term water interaction locally at the landing site. Here I use remote sensing data to show that the light-toned outcrops at the landing site are not a local phenomenon. Instead, they are observable throughout the haematite-bearing plains in both visible and thermal infrared remote sensing data. Moreover, the light-toned material outcrops around much of the margin and is mappable for hundreds of kilometres to the north, east and west of the plains. I infer that 3 x 10(5) km(2) of this material is exposed over 20 degrees of longitude, indicating the extended presence of surface or near-surface water over a large region of Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Hynek
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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63
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Chan MA, Beitler B, Parry WT, Ormö J, Komatsu G. A possible terrestrial analogue for haematite concretions on Mars. Nature 2004; 429:731-4. [PMID: 15201902 DOI: 10.1038/nature02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent exploration has revealed extensive geological evidence for a water-rich past in the shallow subsurface of Mars. Images of in situ and loose accumulations of abundant, haematite-rich spherical balls from the Mars Exploration Rover 'Opportunity' landing site at Meridiani Planum bear a striking resemblance to diagenetic (post-depositional), haematite-cemented concretions found in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah. Here we compare the spherical concretions imaged on Mars to these terrestrial concretions, and investigate the implications for analogous groundwater-related formation mechanisms. The morphology, character and distribution of Navajo haematite concretions allow us to infer host-rock properties and fluid processes necessary for similar features to develop on Mars. We conclude that the formation of such spherical haematite concretions requires the presence of a permeable host rock, groundwater flow and a chemical reaction front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Chan
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0111, USA.
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64
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65
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Langlais
- NAS/NRC at Geodynamics Branch; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - M. E. Purucker
- Raytheon ITSS at Geodynamics Branch; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - M. Mandea
- Institut de Physique du Globe; Paris France
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66
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Leverington DW. Differential subsidence and rebound in response to changes in water loading on Mars: Possible effects on the geometry of ancient shorelines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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67
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Christensen PR. Formation of the hematite-bearing unit in Meridiani Planum: Evidence for deposition in standing water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Baldridge AM. Hydration state of the Martian coarse-grained hematite exposures: Implications for their origin and evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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69
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70
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Sumner DY. Poor preservation potential of organics in Meridiani Planum hematite-bearing sedimentary rocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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71
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Glotch TD. Effect of precursor mineralogy on the thermal infrared emission spectra of hematite: Application to Martian hematite mineralization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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72
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Varekamp JC. Copahue volcano: A modern terrestrial analog for the opportunity landing site? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004eo410002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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73
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Baumgartner ET, Bell JF, Christensen PR, Gorevan S, Herkenhoff KE, Klingelhöfer G, Madsen MB, Morris RV, Rieder R, Romero RA. Athena Mars rover science investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | | | | | - Göstar Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
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74
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Christensen PR, Mehall GL, Silverman SH, Anwar S, Cannon G, Gorelick N, Kheen R, Tourville T, Bates D, Ferry S, Fortuna T, Jeffryes J, O'Donnell W, Peralta R, Wolverton T, Blaney D, Denise R, Rademacher J, Morris RV, Squyres S. Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg L. Mehall
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Saadat Anwar
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - George Cannon
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Noel Gorelick
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Rolph Kheen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Tom Tourville
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Duane Bates
- Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing; Goleta California USA
| | - Steven Ferry
- Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing; Goleta California USA
| | - Teresa Fortuna
- Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing; Goleta California USA
| | - John Jeffryes
- Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing; Goleta California USA
| | | | - Richard Peralta
- Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing; Goleta California USA
| | | | - Diana Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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75
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Klingelhöfer G, Morris RV, Bernhardt B, Rodionov D, de Souza PA, Squyres SW, Foh J, Kankeleit E, Bonnes U, Gellert R, Schröder C, Linkin S, Evlanov E, Zubkov B, Prilutski O. Athena MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometer investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Klingelhöfer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | | | - B. Bernhardt
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - D. Rodionov
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - P. A. de Souza
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
- Pelletizing Department; Companhia Vale do Rio Doce; Vitoria Brazil
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Foh
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - E. Kankeleit
- Nuclear Physics Institute; Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - U. Bonnes
- Nuclear Physics Institute; Darmstadt University of Technology; Darmstadt Germany
| | - R. Gellert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - S. Linkin
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - E. Evlanov
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
| | - B. Zubkov
- Space Research Institute IKI; Moscow Russia
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76
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Golombek MP, Grant JA, Parker TJ, Kass DM, Crisp JA, Squyres SW, Haldemann AFC, Adler M, Lee WJ, Bridges NT, Arvidson RE, Carr MH, Kirk RL, Knocke PC, Roncoli RB, Weitz CM, Schofield JT, Zurek RW, Christensen PR, Fergason RL, Anderson FS, Rice JW. Selection of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC USA
| | - T. J. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. M. Kass
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Crisp
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Adler
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. J. Lee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. T. Bridges
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
| | - R. L. Kirk
- U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - P. C. Knocke
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. B. Roncoli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. T. Schofield
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. W. Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - F. S. Anderson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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77
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Tanaka KL, Carr MH, Skinner JA, Gilmore MS, Hare TM. Geology of the MER 2003 “Elysium” candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martha S. Gilmore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Wesleyan University; Middletown Connecticut USA
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78
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Newsom HE, Barber CA, Hare TM, Schelble RT, Sutherland VA, Feldman WC. Paleolakes and impact basins in southern Arabia Terra, including Meridiani Planum: Implications for the formation of hematite deposits on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Horton E. Newsom
- Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Charles A. Barber
- Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - Rachel T. Schelble
- Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Van A. Sutherland
- Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
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79
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Arvidson RE, Anderson RC, Haldemann AFC, Landis GA, Li R, Lindemann RA, Matijevic JR, Morris RV, Richter L, Squyres SW, Sullivan RJ, Snider NO. Physical properties and localization investigations associated with the 2003 Mars Exploration rovers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Arvidson
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Richter
- DLR Institut für Raumsimulation; Köln Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. J. Sullivan
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - N. O. Snider
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
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80
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Arvidson RE, Seelos FP, Deal KS, Koeppen WC, Snider NO, Kieniewicz JM, Hynek BM, Mellon MT, Garvin JB. Mantled and exhumed terrains in Terra Meridiani, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Arvidson
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - F. P. Seelos
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - K. S. Deal
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - W. C. Koeppen
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - N. O. Snider
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. M. Kieniewicz
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - B. M. Hynek
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - M. T. Mellon
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. B. Garvin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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81
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Christensen PR, Bandfield JL, Bell JF, Gorelick N, Hamilton VE, Ivanov A, Jakosky BM, Kieffer HH, Lane MD, Malin MC, McConnochie T, McEwen AS, McSween HY, Mehall GL, Moersch JE, Nealson KH, Rice JW, Richardson MI, Ruff SW, Smith MD, Titus TN, Wyatt MB. Morphology and composition of the surface of Mars: Mars Odyssey THEMIS results. Science 2003; 300:2056-61. [PMID: 12791998 DOI: 10.1126/science.1080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on Mars Odyssey has produced infrared to visible wavelength images of the martian surface that show lithologically distinct layers with variable thickness, implying temporal changes in the processes or environments during or after their formation. Kilometer-scale exposures of bedrock are observed; elsewhere airfall dust completely mantles the surface over thousands of square kilometers. Mars has compositional variations at 100-meter scales, for example, an exposure of olivine-rich basalt in the walls of Ganges Chasma. Thermally distinct ejecta facies occur around some craters with variations associated with crater age. Polar observations have identified temporal patches of water frost in the north polar cap. No thermal signatures associated with endogenic heat sources have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6305, USA.
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82
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Hynek BM. Explosive volcanism in the Tharsis region: Global evidence in the Martian geologic record. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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Rogers D. Age relationship of basaltic and andesitic surface compositions on Mars: Analysis of high-resolution TES observations of the northern hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lane MD, Morris RV, Mertzman SA, Christensen PR. Evidence for platy hematite grains in Sinus Meridiani, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanley A. Mertzman
- Department of Geosciences; Franklin and Marshall College; Lancaster Pennsylvania USA
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Bishop JL, Murchie SL, Pieters CM, Zent AP. A model for formation of dust, soil, and rock coatings on Mars: Physical and chemical processes on the Martian surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice L. Bishop
- SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - Scott L. Murchie
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Carlé M. Pieters
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - Aaron P. Zent
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Hynek BM. Geologic setting and origin of Terra Meridiani hematite deposit on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christensen PR, Bandfield JL, Hamilton VE, Ruff SW, Kieffer HH, Titus TN, Malin MC, Morris RV, Lane MD, Clark RL, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Kuzmin RO, Roush T, Mehall GL, Gorelick N, Bender K, Murray K, Dason S, Greene E, Silverman S, Greenfield M. Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aharonson O, Zuber MT, Rothman DH. Statistics of Mars' topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Slopes, correlations, and physical Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hamilton VE, Wyatt MB, McSween HY, Christensen PR. Analysis of terrestrial and Martian volcanic compositions using thermal emission spectroscopy: 2. Application to Martian surface spectra from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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