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Nuuttila HK, Thomas L, Hiddink JG, Meier R, Turner JR, Bennell JD, Tregenza NJC, Evans PGH. Acoustic detection probability of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, with static acoustic dataloggers in Cardigan Bay, Wales. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 134:2596-2609. [PMID: 23968057 DOI: 10.1121/1.4816586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic dataloggers are used for monitoring the occurrence of cetaceans and can aid in fulfilling statutory monitoring requirements of protected species. Although useful for long-term monitoring, their spatial coverage is restricted, and for many devices the effective detection distance is not specified. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to investigate the effects of (1) distance from datalogger, (2) animal behavior (feeding and traveling), and (3) group size on the detection probability of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with autonomous dataloggers (C-PODs) validated with visual observations. The average probability of acoustic detection for minutes with a sighting was 0.59 and the maximum detection distance ranged from 1343-1779 m. Minutes with feeding activity had higher acoustic detection rates and longer average effective detection radius (EDR) than traveling ones. The detection probability for single dolphins was significantly higher than for groups, indicating that their acoustic behavior may differ from those of larger groups in the area, making them more detectable. The C-POD is effective at detecting dolphin presence but the effects of behavior and group size on detectability create challenges for estimating density from detections as higher detection rate of feeding dolphins could yield erroneously high density estimates in feeding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Nuuttila
- School of Ocean Sciences, Westbury Mount, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB Wales, United Kingdom.
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52
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Janik VM, Sayigh LS. Communication in bottlenose dolphins: 50 years of signature whistle research. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:479-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Effects of Noise on Acoustic Signal Production in Marine Mammals. ANIMAL SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41494-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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54
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Quick NJ, Janik VM. Bottlenose dolphins exchange signature whistles when meeting at sea. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:2539-45. [PMID: 22378804 PMCID: PMC3350692 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is one of very few animals that, through vocal learning, can invent novel acoustic signals and copy whistles of conspecifics. Furthermore, receivers can extract identity information from the invented part of whistles. In captivity, dolphins use such signature whistles while separated from the rest of their group. However, little is known about how they use them at sea. If signature whistles are the main vehicle to transmit identity information, then dolphins should exchange these whistles in contexts where groups or individuals join. We used passive acoustic localization during focal boat follows to observe signature whistle use in the wild. We found that stereotypic whistle exchanges occurred primarily when groups of dolphins met and joined at sea. A sequence analysis verified that most of the whistles used during joins were signature whistles. Whistle matching or copying was not observed in any of the joins. The data show that signature whistle exchanges are a significant part of a greeting sequence that allows dolphins to identify conspecifics when encountering them in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Quick
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.
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55
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Vaughn-Hirshorn RL, Hodge KB, Würsig B, Sappenfield RH, Lammers MO, Dudzinski KM. Characterizing dusky dolphin sounds from Argentina and New Zealand. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 132:498-506. [PMID: 22779496 DOI: 10.1121/1.4728191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) acoustic sounds were characterized by analyzing narrowband recordings [0-16 kHz in New Zealand (NZ) and 0-24 kHz in Argentina], and sounds in broadband recordings (0-200 kHz) were compared to their counterparts in down-sampled narrowband recordings (0-16 kHz). The most robust similarity between sounds present in broadband recordings and their counterparts in the down-sampled narrowband recordings was inter-click interval (ICI); ICI was therefore primarily used to characterize click sounds in narrowband recordings. In NZ and Argentina, distribution of ICIs was a continuum, although the distribution of ICIs in NZ had a somewhat bimodal tendency. In NZ, sounds that had smaller mean ICIs were more likely to have constant ICIs, and less likely to have increasing or decreasing ICIs. Similar to some other delphinids, dusky dolphins may use single, short duration sounds that have a constant ICI and closely spaced clicks for communication. No whistles were documented at either study site. Temporally structured sequences of burst pulses (i.e., sounds with ICI < about 10 ms) also occurred at both study sites, and these sequences contained 2-14 burst pulses that appeared closely matched aurally and in spectrograms and waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Vaughn-Hirshorn
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 SeaWolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA
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56
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Cheney B, Thompson PM, Ingram SN, Hammond PS, Stevick PT, Durban JW, Culloch RM, Elwen SH, Mandleberg L, Janik VM, Quick NJ, ISLAS-Villanueva V, Robinson KP, Costa M, Eisfeld SM, Walters A, Phillips C, Weir CR, Evans PG, Anderwald P, Reid RJ, Reid JB, Wilson B. Integrating multiple data sources to assess the distribution and abundance of bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatusin Scottish waters. Mamm Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cheney
- University of Aberdeen; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science; Lighthouse Field Station; Cromarty; IV11 8YJ; UK
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- University of Aberdeen; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science; Lighthouse Field Station; Cromarty; IV11 8YJ; UK
| | - Simon N. Ingram
- University of Aberdeen; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science; Lighthouse Field Station; Cromarty; IV11 8YJ; UK
| | - Philip S. Hammond
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 8LB; UK
| | - Peter T. Stevick
- Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust; 28 Main Street, Tobermory, Isle of Mull; Argyll; PA75 6NU; UK
| | - John W. Durban
- Protected Resources Division; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla; CA; 92037; USA
| | - Ross M. Culloch
- Scottish Association for Marine Science; Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory; Oban; Argyll; PA37 1QA; UK
| | - Simon H. Elwen
- University of Aberdeen; Institute of Biological and Environmental Science; Lighthouse Field Station; Cromarty; IV11 8YJ; UK
| | - Laura Mandleberg
- Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust; 28 Main Street, Tobermory, Isle of Mull; Argyll; PA75 6NU; UK
| | - Vincent M. Janik
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 8LB; UK
| | - Nicola J. Quick
- Sea Mammal Research Unit; Scottish Oceans Institute; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 8LB; UK
| | | | - Kevin P. Robinson
- Cetacean Research and Rescue Unit; PO Box 11307; Banff; AB45 3WB; UK
| | - Marina Costa
- Cetacean Research and Rescue Unit; PO Box 11307; Banff; AB45 3WB; UK
| | - Sonja M. Eisfeld
- Cetacean Research and Rescue Unit; PO Box 11307; Banff; AB45 3WB; UK
| | - Alice Walters
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society; WDCS Wildlife Centre; Spey Bay; Moray; IV32 7PJ; UK
| | - Charlie Phillips
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society; WDCS Wildlife Centre; Spey Bay; Moray; IV32 7PJ; UK
| | | | - Peter G.H. Evans
- Sea Watch Foundation; Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey; Wales; LL68 9SD; UK
| | - Pia Anderwald
- Sea Watch Foundation; Ewyn y Don, Bull Bay, Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey; Wales; LL68 9SD; UK
| | - Robert J. Reid
- Wildlife Unit; SAC Veterinary Services; Drummondhill; Inverness; IV2 4JZ; UK
| | - James B. Reid
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee; Inverdee House, Baxter Street; Aberdeen; AB11 9QA; UK
| | - Ben Wilson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science; Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory; Oban; Argyll; PA37 1QA; UK
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Simard P, Lace N, Gowans S, Quintana-Rizzo E, Kuczaj SA, Wells RS, Mann DA. Low frequency narrow-band calls in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): signal properties, function, and conservation implications. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 130:3068-3076. [PMID: 22087934 DOI: 10.1121/1.3641442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dolphins routinely use sound for social purposes, foraging and navigating. These sounds are most commonly classified as whistles (tonal, frequency modulated, typical frequencies 5-10 kHz) or clicks (impulsed and mostly ultrasonic). However, some low frequency sounds have been documented in several species of dolphins. Low frequency sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were recorded in three locations along the Gulf of Mexico. Sounds were characterized as being tonal with low peak frequencies (mean = 990 Hz), short duration (mean = 0.069 s), highly harmonic, and being produced in trains. Sound duration, peak frequency and number of sounds in trains were not significantly different between Mississippi and the two West Florida sites, however, the time interval between sounds within trains in West Florida was significantly shorter than in Mississippi (t = -3.001, p = 0.011). The sounds were significantly correlated with groups engaging in social activity (F=8.323, p=0.005). The peak frequencies of these sounds were below what is normally thought of as the range of good hearing in bottlenose dolphins, and are likely subject to masking by boat noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simard
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
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Henderson EE, Hildebrand JA, Smith MH. Classification of behavior using vocalizations of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 130:557-567. [PMID: 21786921 DOI: 10.1121/1.3592213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface behavior and concurrent underwater vocalizations were recorded for Pacific white-sided dolphins in the Southern California Bight (SCB) over multiple field seasons spanning 3 years. Clicks, click trains, and pulsed calls were counted and classified based on acoustic measurements, leading to the identification of 19 key call features used for analysis. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated that call features differ significantly across behavioral categories. Previous work had discovered two distinctive click Types (A and B), which may correspond to known subpopulations of Pacific white-side dolphins in the Southern California Bight; this study revealed that animals producing these different click types also differ in both their behavior and vocalization patterns. Click Type A groups were predominantly observed slow traveling and milling, with little daytime foraging, while click Type B groups were observed traveling and foraging. These behavioral differences may be characteristic of niche partitioning by overlapping populations; coupled with differences in vocalization patterns, they may signify that these subpopulations are cryptic species. Finally, random forest decision trees were used to classify behavior based on vocalization data, with rates of correct classification up to 86%, demonstrating the potential for the use of vocalization patterns to predict behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elizabeth Henderson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 0205 La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Díaz López B. Whistle characteristics in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Mediterranean Sea: Influence of behaviour. Mamm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hawkins ER, Gartside DF. Whistle emissions of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) differ with group composition and surface behaviors. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 127:2652-2663. [PMID: 20370046 DOI: 10.1121/1.3308465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The intricate and highly developed acoustic communication system of bottlenose dolphins reflects the complexities of their social organization. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) produce numerous types of acoustic emissions, including a diverse repertoire of whistles used for communicative purposes. The influence of group composition on whistle production and the function of different whistles produced by dolphins in wild contexts are relatively unknown. Recordings of acoustic emissions and behavior of dolphins were made concurrently during vessel-based surveys along the coast of northern New South Wales, Australia. Whistles were divided into five tonal classes (sine, rise, down-sweep, flat, and concave) and categorized into distinct whistle types. It is shown that while whistle repetition rate and whistle diversity was influenced by group composition, it is not influenced by behavior. Noncalf groups produced a significantly higher whistle repetition rate and whistle diversity than calf groups. In contrast, the types of whistles produced were related to the behavior in which the dolphins were engaged in: some tonal classes and distinct whistle types were related to different behavior states. Findings suggested that some whistle types may be used to communicate specific information on the behavioral context of the individuals involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hawkins
- Whale Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia.
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