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Wassiliwizky E, Menninghaus W. Why and How Should Cognitive Science Care about Aesthetics? Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:437-449. [PMID: 33810983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Empirical aesthetics has found its way into mainstream cognitive science. Until now, most research has focused either on identifying the internal processes that underlie a perceiver's aesthetic experience or on identifying the stimulus features that lead to a specific type of aesthetic experience. To progress, empirical aesthetics must integrate these approaches into a unified paradigm that encourages researchers to think in terms of temporal dynamics and interactions between: (i) the stimulus and the perceiver; (ii) different systems within the perceiver; and (iii) different layers of the stimulus. At this critical moment, empirical aesthetics must also clearly identify and define its key concepts, sketch out its agenda, and specify its approach to grow into a coherent and distinct discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Wassiliwizky
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grueneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Winfried Menninghaus
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grueneburgweg 14, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Recognition of musical emotions in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 50:74-81. [PMID: 33735039 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple investigations have revealed that patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) experience difficulty recognizing emotional signals in multiple processing modalities (e.g., faces, prosody). Few studies have evaluated the recognition of musical emotions in these patients. This research aims to evaluate the ability of subjects with bvFTD to recognize musical stimuli with positive and negative emotions, in comparison with healthy subjects. METHODS bvFTD (n=12) and healthy control participants (n=24) underwent a test of musical emotion recognition: 56 fragments of piano music were randomly reproduced, 14 for each of the emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, and peacefulness). RESULTS In the subjects with bvFTD, a mean of correct answers of 23.6 (42.26%) was observed in contrast to the control subjects, where the average number of correct answers was 36.3 (64.8%). Statistically significant differences were found for each of the evaluated musical emotions and in the total score on the performed test (P<.01). The within-group analysis showed greater difficulty for both groups in recognizing negative musical emotions (sadness, fear), with the subjects with bvFTD exhibiting worse performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the recognition of musical stimuli with positive (happiness, peacefulness) and negative (sadness, fear) emotions are compromised in patients with bvFTD. The processing of negative musical emotions is the most difficult for these individuals.
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Tak S, Lee S, Park CA, Cheong EN, Seok JW, Sohn JH, Cheong C. Altered Effective Connectivity within the Fronto-Limbic Circuitry in Response to Negative Emotional Task in Female Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Brain Connect 2021; 11:264-277. [PMID: 33403894 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder associated with disruptions in emotional control. Previous studies have investigated abnormal regional activity and connectivity within the fronto-limbic circuit. However, condition-specific connectivity changes and their association with the pathophysiology of MDD remain unexplored. This study investigated effective connectivity in the fronto-limbic circuit induced by negative emotional processing from patients with MDD. Methods: Thirty-four unmedicated female patients with MDD and 28 healthy participants underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7T while viewing emotionally negative and neutral images. Brain regions whose dynamics are driven by experimental conditions were identified by using statistical parametric mapping. Effective connectivity among regions of interest was then estimated by using dynamic causal modeling. Results: Patients with MDD had lower activation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and higher activation of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) than healthy controls (HC). In association with these regional changes, we found that patients with MDD did not have significant modulatory connections from the primary visual cortex (V1) to OFC, whereas those connections of HC were significantly positively modulated during negative emotional processing. Regarding the PHG activity, patients with MDD had greater modulatory connection from the V1, but reduced negative modulatory connection from the OFC, compared with healthy participants. Conclusions: These results imply that disrupted effective connectivity among regions of the OFC, PHG, and V1 may be closely associated with the impaired regulation of negative emotional processing in the female patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Tak
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjin Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-A Park
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - E-Nae Cheong
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Seok
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hun Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Mohagheghian F, Khajehpour H, Samadzadehaghdam N, Eqlimi E, Jalilvand H, Makkiabadi B, Deevband MR. Altered effective brain network topology in tinnitus: An EEG source connectivity analysis. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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55
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Mas-Herrero E, Maini L, Sescousse G, Zatorre RJ. Common and distinct neural correlates of music and food-induced pleasure: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:61-71. [PMID: 33440196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown that, despite the abstractness of music, it may mimic biologically rewarding stimuli (e.g., food) in its ability to engage the brain's reward circuitry. However, due to the lack of research comparing music and other types of reward, it is unclear to what extent the recruitment of reward-related structures overlaps among domains. To achieve this goal, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 38 neuroimaging studies (703 subjects) comparing the brain responses specifically to music and food-induced pleasure. Both engaged a common set of brain regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and insula. Yet, comparative analyses indicated a partial dissociation in the engagement of the reward circuitry as a function of the type of reward, as well as additional reward type-specific activations in brain regions related to perception, sensory processing, and learning. These results support the idea that hedonic reactions rely on the engagement of a common reward network, yet through specific routes of access depending on the modality and nature of the reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Mas-Herrero
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Larissa Maini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Musical Training and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010050. [PMID: 33466337 PMCID: PMC7824792 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical practice, including musical training and musical performance, has been found to benefit cognitive function in older adults. Less is known about the role of musical experiences on brain structure in older adults. The present study examined the role of different types of musical behaviors on brain structure in older adults. We administered the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index, a questionnaire that includes questions about a variety of musical behaviors, including performance on an instrument, musical practice, allocation of time to music, musical listening expertise, and emotional responses to music. We demonstrated that musical training, defined as the extent of musical training, musical practice, and musicianship, was positively and significantly associated with the volume of the inferior frontal cortex and parahippocampus. In addition, musical training was positively associated with volume of the posterior cingulate cortex, insula, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Together, the present study suggests that musical behaviors relate to a circuit of brain regions involved in executive function, memory, language, and emotion. As gray matter often declines with age, our study has promising implications for the positive role of musical practice on aging brain health.
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Lee SY, Choi BY, Koo JW, De Ridder D, Song JJ. Cortical Oscillatory Signatures Reveal the Prerequisites for Tinnitus Perception: A Comparison of Subjects With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With and Without Tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:596647. [PMID: 33328868 PMCID: PMC7731637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.596647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Just as the human brain works in a Bayesian manner to minimize uncertainty regarding external stimuli, a deafferented brain due to hearing loss attempts to obtain or "fill in" the missing auditory information, resulting in auditory phantom percepts (i.e., tinnitus). Among various types of hearing loss, sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has been extensively reported to be associated with tinnitus. However, the reason that tinnitus develops selectively in some patients with SSNHL remains elusive, which led us to hypothesize that patients with SSNHL with tinnitus (SSNHL-T) and those without tinnitus (SSNHL-NT) may exhibit different cortical activity patterns. In the current study, we compared resting-state quantitative electroencephalography findings between 13 SSNHL-T and 13 SSNHL-NT subjects strictly matched for demographic characteristics and hearing thresholds. By performing whole-brain source localization analysis complemented by functional connectivity analysis, we aimed to determine the as-yet-unidentified cortical oscillatory signatures that may reveal potential prerequisites for the perception of tinnitus in patients with SSNHL. Compared with the SSNHL-NT group, the SSNHL-T group showed significantly higher cortical activity in Bayesian inferential network areas such as the frontopolar cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) for the beta 3 and gamma frequency bands. This suggests that tinnitus develops in a brain with sudden auditory deafferentation only if the Bayesian inferential network updates the missing auditory information and the pgACC-based top-down gatekeeper system is actively involved. Additionally, significantly increased connectivity between the OFC and precuneus for the gamma frequency band was observed in the SSNHL-T group, further suggesting that tinnitus derived from Bayesian inference may be linked to the default mode network so that tinnitus is regarded as normal. Taken together, our preliminary results suggest a possible mechanism for the selective development of tinnitus in patients with SSNHL. Also, these areas could serve as the potential targets of neuromodulatory approaches to preventing the development or prolonged perception of tinnitus in subjects with SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ja-Won Koo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Williams D, Hodge VJ, Wu CY. On the use of AI for Generation of Functional Music to Improve Mental Health. Front Artif Intell 2020; 3:497864. [PMID: 33733192 PMCID: PMC7861294 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2020.497864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly music has been shown to have both physical and mental health benefits including improvements in cardiovascular health, a link to reduction of cases of dementia in elderly populations, and improvements in markers of general mental well-being such as stress reduction. Here, we describe short case studies addressing general mental well-being (anxiety, stress-reduction) through AI-driven music generation. Engaging in active listening and music-making activities (especially for at risk age groups) can be particularly beneficial, and the practice of music therapy has been shown to be helpful in a range of use cases across a wide age range. However, access to music-making can be prohibitive in terms of access to expertize, materials, and cost. Furthermore the use of existing music for functional outcomes (such as targeted improvement in physical and mental health markers suggested above) can be hindered by issues of repetition and subsequent over-familiarity with existing material. In this paper, we describe machine learning approaches which create functional music informed by biophysiological measurement across two case studies, with target emotional states at opposing ends of a Cartesian affective space (a dimensional emotion space with points ranging from descriptors from relaxation, to fear). Galvanic skin response is used as a marker of psychological arousal and as an estimate of emotional state to be used as a control signal in the training of the machine learning algorithm. This algorithm creates a non-linear time series of musical features for sound synthesis "on-the-fly", using a perceptually informed musical feature similarity model. We find an interaction between familiarity and perceived emotional response. We also report on subsequent psychometric evaluation of the generated material, and consider how these - and similar techniques - might be useful for a range of functional music generation tasks, for example, in nonlinear sound-tracking such as that found in interactive media or video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Williams
- Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, York, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Hodge
- Digital Creativity Labs, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Chia-Yu Wu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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59
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Schultz BG, Brown RM, Kotz SA. Dynamic acoustic salience evokes motor responses. Cortex 2020; 134:320-332. [PMID: 33340879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Audio-motor integration is currently viewed as a predictive process in which the brain simulates upcoming sounds based on voluntary actions. This perspective does not consider how our auditory environment may trigger involuntary action in the absence of prediction. We address this issue by examining the relationship between acoustic salience and involuntary motor responses. We investigate how acoustic features in music contribute to the perception of salience, and whether those features trigger involuntary peripheral motor responses. Participants with little-to-no musical training listened to musical excerpts once while remaining still during the recording of their muscle activity with surface electromyography (sEMG), and again while they continuously rated perceived salience within the music using a slider. We show cross-correlations between 1) salience ratings and acoustic features, 2) acoustic features and spontaneous muscle activity, and 3) salience ratings and spontaneous muscle activity. Amplitude, intensity, and spectral centroid were perceived as the most salient features in music, and fluctuations in these features evoked involuntary peripheral muscle responses. Our results suggest an involuntary mechanism for audio-motor integration, which may rely on brainstem-spinal or brainstem-cerebellar-spinal pathways. Based on these results, we argue that a new framework is needed to explain the full range of human sensorimotor capabilities. This goal can be achieved by considering how predictive and reactive audio-motor integration mechanisms could operate independently or interactively to optimize human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Schultz
- Basic & Applied NeuroDynamics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brown
- Basic & Applied NeuroDynamics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Basic & Applied NeuroDynamics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
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60
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van Esch RJC, Shi S, Bernas A, Zinger S, Aldenkamp AP, Van den Hof PMJ. A Bayesian method for inference of effective connectivity in brain networks for detecting the Mozart effect. Comput Biol Med 2020; 127:104055. [PMID: 33157484 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies claim that listening to Mozart music affects cognition and can be used to treat neurological conditions like epilepsy. Research into this Mozart effect has not addressed how dynamic interactions between brain networks, i.e. effective connectivity, are affected. The Granger-causality analysis is often used to infer effective connectivity. First, we investigate if a new method, Bayesian topology identification, can be used as an alternative. Both methods are evaluated on simulation data, where the Bayesian method outperforms the Granger-causality analysis in the inference of connectivity graphs of dynamic networks, especially for short data lengths. In the second part, the Bayesian method is extended to enable the inference of changes in effective connectivity between groups of subjects. Next, we apply both methods to fMRI scans of 16 healthy subjects, who were scanned before and after the exposure to Mozart's sonata K448 at least 2 hours a day for 7 days. Here, we investigate if the effective connectivity of the subjects significantly changed after listening to Mozart music. The Bayesian method detected changes in effective connectivity between networks related to cognitive processing and control in the connection from the central executive to the superior sensori-motor network, in the connection from the posterior default mode to the fronto-parietal right network, and in the connection from the anterior default mode to the dorsal attention network. This last connection was only detected in a subgroup of subjects with a longer listening duration. Only in this last connection, an effect was found by the Granger-causality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik J C van Esch
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Shengling Shi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Antoine Bernas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Zinger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Aldenkamp
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, Sterkselseweg 65, 5591, VE Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M J Van den Hof
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 19, 5612, AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Chabin T, Gabriel D, Chansophonkul T, Michelant L, Joucla C, Haffen E, Moulin T, Comte A, Pazart L. Cortical Patterns of Pleasurable Musical Chills Revealed by High-Density EEG. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:565815. [PMID: 33224021 PMCID: PMC7670092 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.565815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Music has the capacity to elicit strong positive feelings in humans by activating the brain's reward system. Because group emotional dynamics is a central concern of social neurosciences, the study of emotion in natural/ecological conditions is gaining interest. This study aimed to show that high-density EEG (HD-EEG) is able to reveal patterns of cerebral activities previously identified by fMRI or PET scans when the subject experiences pleasurable musical chills. We used HD-EEG to record participants (11 female, 7 male) while listening to their favorite pleasurable chill-inducing musical excerpts; they reported their subjective emotional state from low pleasure up to chills. HD-EEG results showed an increase of theta activity in the prefrontal cortex when arousal and emotional ratings increased, which are associated with orbitofrontal cortex activation localized using source localization algorithms. In addition, we identified two specific patterns of chills: a decreased theta activity in the right central region, which could reflect supplementary motor area activation during chills and may be related to rhythmic anticipation processing, and a decreased theta activity in the right temporal region, which may be related to musical appreciation and could reflect the right superior temporal gyrus activity. The alpha frontal/prefrontal asymmetry did not reflect the felt emotional pleasure, but the increased frontal beta to alpha ratio (measure of arousal) corresponded to increased emotional ratings. These results suggest that EEG may be a reliable method and a promising tool for the investigation of group musical pleasure through musical reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chabin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation – Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Tanawat Chansophonkul
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Lisa Michelant
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Coralie Joucla
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation – Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Moulin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation – Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Comte
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation – Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM CIC 1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation – Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Waechter S, Wilson WJ, Brännström JK. The impact of tinnitus on working memory capacity. Int J Audiol 2020; 60:274-281. [PMID: 33000654 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1822550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if tinnitus was related to working memory (WM) in adults and if tinnitus handicap was related to WM in adults with tinnitus. DESIGN Two groups, cross-sectional design. STUDY SAMPLES 76 adults forming a tinnitus group (n = 38) and a control group (n = 38). Each group included 19 adults with normal hearing and 19 adults with hearing loss matched for age, sex and educational backgrounds. All participants completed the visual n-back test; pure tone audiometry (0.125-16 kHz); and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Tinnitus sufferers also completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). RESULTS For all participants, tinnitus was not related to WM scores when corrected for hearing thresholds, anxiety, and depression. The corrections for best ear high-frequency pure-tone average hearing threshold (BEHFPTA: 10, 12.5, 14 and 16 kHz) were significant. For tinnitus sufferers, THI was related to WM scores in the easiest n-back condition, and BEHFPTA was related to WM scores in the easiest and the hardest n-back condition. CONCLUSION Tinnitus was not related to WM scores. Tinnitus handicap was related to some WM scores in tinnitus sufferers. Further investigation of the possible relationship between high-frequency hearing and WM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Waechter
- Department of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wayne J Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonas K Brännström
- Department of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
AbstractMusic listening is one of the most pleasurable activities in our life. As a rewarding stimulus, pleasant music could induce long-term memory improvements for the items encoded in close temporal proximity. In the present study, we behaviourally investigated (1) whether musical pleasure and musical hedonia enhance verbal episodic memory, and (2) whether such enhancement takes place even when the pleasant stimulus is not present during the encoding. Participants (N = 100) were asked to encode words presented in different auditory contexts (highly and lowly pleasant classical music, and control white noise), played before and during (N = 49), or only before (N = 51) the encoding. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire was used to measure participants’ sensitivity to musical reward. 24 h later, participants’ verbal episodic memory was tested (old/new recognition and remember/know paradigm). Results revealed that participants with a high musical reward sensitivity present an increased recollection performance, especially for words encoded in a highly pleasant musical context. Furthermore, this effect persists even when the auditory stimulus is not concurrently present during the encoding of target items. Taken together, these findings suggest that musical pleasure might constitute a helpful encoding context able to drive memory improvements via reward mechanisms.
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Cardona G, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Nye H, Rifà-Ros X, Ferreri L. The impact of musical pleasure and musical hedonia on verbal episodic memory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16113. [PMID: 32999309 PMCID: PMC7527554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Music listening is one of the most pleasurable activities in our life. As a rewarding stimulus, pleasant music could induce long-term memory improvements for the items encoded in close temporal proximity. In the present study, we behaviourally investigated (1) whether musical pleasure and musical hedonia enhance verbal episodic memory, and (2) whether such enhancement takes place even when the pleasant stimulus is not present during the encoding. Participants (N = 100) were asked to encode words presented in different auditory contexts (highly and lowly pleasant classical music, and control white noise), played before and during (N = 49), or only before (N = 51) the encoding. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire was used to measure participants' sensitivity to musical reward. 24 h later, participants' verbal episodic memory was tested (old/new recognition and remember/know paradigm). Results revealed that participants with a high musical reward sensitivity present an increased recollection performance, especially for words encoded in a highly pleasant musical context. Furthermore, this effect persists even when the auditory stimulus is not concurrently present during the encoding of target items. Taken together, these findings suggest that musical pleasure might constitute a helpful encoding context able to drive memory improvements via reward mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Cardona
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harry Nye
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Rifà-Ros
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ferreri
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69676, Lyon, France
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"This is a Titanic song": the effect of familiarity on children's learning affective meaning in music. Cogn Process 2020; 22:105-116. [PMID: 32926234 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Usage-based theories of language acquisition are thought to rely on domain-general learning mechanisms, such as mastering familiar routines by rote before generalizing to novel unfamiliar instances. If so, then the role of familiarity should extend to non-linguistic domains, like music. The purpose of the present study was to test the role of familiarity in children's learning of affective meaning of music. Music carries an affective meaning that is relayed through its elements, such as mode, rhythm, and tempo. The previous research has found differences between children and adults in their understanding of music's affective meaning, suggesting that this meaning is learned. We predicted that children would initially learn the affective meaning of familiar musical pieces before generalizing to unfamiliar pieces. Children between 3 and 5 years of age heard 16 musical segments, one for each emotion (i.e., anger, sadness, and happiness), and their accuracy in pairing music-emotion was measured. For younger children, their familiarity with the piece was positively associated with their accuracy. These results suggest that familiarity plays a role in learning affective meaning in music, providing support for the claim that this learning mechanism is domain-general.
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66
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A coordinate-based meta-analysis of music-evoked emotions. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117350. [PMID: 32898679 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the first neuroscience study investigating emotion with music about two decades ago, the number of functional neuroimaging studies published on this topic has increased each year. This research interest is in part due to the ubiquity of music across cultures, and to music's power to evoke a diverse range of intensely felt emotions. To support a better understanding of the brain correlates of music-evoked emotions this article reports a coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies (n = 47 studies with n = 944 subjects). The studies employed a range of diverse experimental approaches (e.g., using music to evoke joy, sadness, fear, tension, frissons, surprise, unpleasantness, or feelings of beauty). The results of an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) indicate large clusters in a range of structures, including amygdala, anterior hippocampus, auditory cortex, and numerous structures of the reward network (ventral and dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex). The results underline the rewarding nature of music, the role of the auditory cortex as an emotional hub, and the role of the hippocampus in attachment-related emotions and social bonding.
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Abstract
Abstract
Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archaeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene-culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution due to their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
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68
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Reybrouck M, Podlipniak P, Welch D. Music Listening as Coping Behavior: From Reactive Response to Sense-Making. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E119. [PMID: 32698450 PMCID: PMC7407588 DOI: 10.3390/bs10070119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping is a survival mechanism of living organisms. It is not merely reactive, but also involves making sense of the environment by rendering sensory information into percepts that have meaning in the context of an organism's cognitions. Music listening, on the other hand, is a complex task that embraces sensory, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive levels of processing. Being both a dispositional process that relies on our evolutionary toolkit for coping with the world and a more elaborated skill for sense-making, it goes beyond primitive action-reaction couplings by the introduction of higher-order intermediary variables between sensory input and effector reactions. Consideration of music-listening from the perspective of coping treats music as a sound environment and listening as a process that involves exploration of this environment as well as interactions with the sounds. Several issues are considered in this regard such as the conception of music as a possible stressor, the role of adaptive listening, the relation between coping and reward, the importance of self-regulation strategies in the selection of music, and the instrumental meaning of music in the sense that it can be used to modify the internal and external environment of the listener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Reybrouck
- Musicology Research Group, Faculty of Arts, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- IPEM, Department of Art History, Musicology and Theatre Studies, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piotr Podlipniak
- Institute of Musicology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61–712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - David Welch
- Institute Audiology Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 2011 Auckland, New Zealand;
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69
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Matthews TE, Witek MA, Lund T, Vuust P, Penhune VB. The sensation of groove engages motor and reward networks. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Abstract
Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Holm
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Musicians’ Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Berlin Center for Musicians’ Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Kurt Singer Institute for Music Physiology and Musicians´ Health, Hanns Eisler School of Music Berlin, Germany
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Siponkoski ST, Martínez-Molina N, Kuusela L, Laitinen S, Holma M, Ahlfors M, Jordan-Kilkki P, Ala-Kauhaluoma K, Melkas S, Pekkola J, Rodriguez-Fornells A, Laine M, Ylinen A, Rantanen P, Koskinen S, Lipsanen J, Särkämö T. Music Therapy Enhances Executive Functions and Prefrontal Structural Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:618-634. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sini-Tuuli Siponkoski
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noelia Martínez-Molina
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Kuusela
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Helsinki Central University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Milla Holma
- Musiikkiterapiaosuuskunta InstruMental (Music Therapy Cooperative InstruMental), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Katja Ala-Kauhaluoma
- Ludus Oy Tutkimus- ja kuntoutuspalvelut (Assessment and Intervention Services), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Melkas
- Department of Neurology and Brain Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Pekkola
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Helsinki Central University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Aarne Ylinen
- Department of Neurology and Brain Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Koskinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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72
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Klepzig K, Horn U, König J, Holtz K, Wendt J, Hamm A, Lotze M. Brain imaging of chill reactions to pleasant and unpleasant sounds. Behav Brain Res 2020; 380:112417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Loewy J, Goldsmith C, Deshpande S, Sun A, Harris J, van Es C, Zvi ZB, Dahmer S. Music therapy in pediatric asthma improves pulmonary function while reducing hospitalizations. J Asthma 2020; 58:674-682. [PMID: 31906748 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1712725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate music therapy (MT), in conjunction with standard care, as a complementary option for asthma management in pediatric patients.Methods: 173 children were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) Music: a single individualized MT session along with a recorder and journal with instructions for home use; 2) Music Plus: weekly group MT sessions along with a recorder and journal for home use; or 3) Control: standard of care. Primary endpoints included pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75, PEF), hospitalizations, ER visits, missed school days, and quality of life (Juniper).Results: Significant intergroup differences relative to Controls were observed for FEV1/FVC (Music and Music Plus, p < 0.05) and FEF25-75 (Music Plus; p < 0.01). Music Plus participants experienced fewer hospitalizations compared to Controls (p < 0.001), corresponding to 1.16 fewer hospitalizations per patient-year. Caregivers' perception of their children's QOL significantly increased in the Music (p = 0.011) and Music Plus (p < 0.001) groups compared to Controls.Conclusion: These results reflect MT's potential to favorably impact pediatric asthma management as a child-friendly, low-risk intervention. Further research is needed to substantiate the possible benefits of incorporating MT into standard treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Loewy
- Louis Armstrong Center for Music and Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cody Goldsmith
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saarang Deshpande
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alec Sun
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Medicine, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Cindy van Es
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zvi Ben- Zvi
- Louis Armstrong Center for Music and Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Dahmer
- Louis Armstrong Center for Music and Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, NY, USA
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74
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Pongan E, Delphin-Combe F, Krolak-Salmon P, Leveque Y, Tillmann B, Bachelet R, Getenet JC, Auguste N, Trombert B, Dorey JM, Laurent B, Rouch I. Immediate Benefit of Art on Pain and Well-Being in Community-Dwelling Patients with Mild Alzheimer's. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317519859202. [PMID: 31288544 PMCID: PMC10624084 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519859202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present report aims to evaluate whether singing intervention can bring an immediate benefit that is greater than the one provided by painting intervention on pain and well-being. METHODS Fifty-nine mild patients with Alzheimer disease were randomized to a 12-week singing (n = 31) or painting group (n = 28). In the present analysis, the immediate evolution of pain and well-being was compared across sessions between the 2 groups using mixed-effects models. RESULTS We observed a significant improvement in well-being for both singing and painting groups immediately after sessions, compared to the assessment before the sessions. We did not observe this improvement across the sessions for pain intensity measurement. DISCUSSION Our results revealed that both painting and singing interventions provide an immediate benefit on the patients' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Pongan
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Delphin-Combe
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yohana Leveque
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR5292 INSERM, U1028, Psychoacoustic and Auditory Cognition Team, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS, UMR5292 INSERM, U1028, Psychoacoustic and Auditory Cognition Team, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Bachelet
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Getenet
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Auguste
- Geriatrics Unit, CM2R, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Béatrice Trombert
- Public Health and Medical Information Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- SNA (EA SNA EPIS 4607, Autonomic Nervous System), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Bernard Laurent
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- Neurology Unit, CM2R, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute of Aging I-Vie, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
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75
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Proverbio AM, Benedetto F, Guazzone M. Shared neural mechanisms for processing emotions in music and vocalizations. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1987-2007. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mado Proverbio
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetto
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience Milan Italy
| | - Martina Guazzone
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience Milan Italy
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76
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Kim SG, Mueller K, Lepsien J, Mildner T, Fritz TH. Brain networks underlying aesthetic appreciation as modulated by interaction of the spectral and temporal organisations of music. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19446. [PMID: 31857651 PMCID: PMC6923468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is organised both spectrally and temporally, determining musical structures such as musical scale, harmony, and sequential rules in chord progressions. A number of human neuroimaging studies investigated neural processes associated with emotional responses to music investigating the influence of musical valence (pleasantness/unpleasantness) comparing the response to music and unpleasantly manipulated counterparts where harmony and sequential rules were varied. Interactions between the previously applied alterations to harmony and sequential rules of the music in terms of emotional experience and corresponding neural activities have not been systematically studied although such interactions are at the core of how music affects the listener. The current study investigates the interaction between such alterations in harmony and sequential rules by using data sets from two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. While replicating the previous findings, we found a significant interaction between the spectral and temporal alterations in the fronto-limbic system, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen. We further revealed that the functional connectivity between the vmPFC and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was reduced when listening to excerpts with alterations in both domains compared to the original music. As it has been suggested that the vmPFC operates as a pivotal point that mediates between the limbic system and the frontal cortex in reward-related processing, we propose that this fronto-limbic interaction might be related to the involvement of cognitive processes in the emotional appreciation of music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Goo Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jöran Lepsien
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Mildner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hans Fritz
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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77
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Shen YW, Lin YP. Challenge for Affective Brain-Computer Interfaces: Non-stationary Spatio-spectral EEG Oscillations of Emotional Responses. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:366. [PMID: 31736727 PMCID: PMC6831623 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCIs) have been attracting ever-growing interest and research resources. Whereas most previous neuroscience studies have focused on single-day/-session recording and sensor-level analysis, less effort has been invested in assessing the fundamental nature of non-stationary EEG oscillations underlying emotional responses across days and individuals. This work thus aimed to use a data-driven blind source separation method, i.e., independent component analysis (ICA), to derive emotion-relevant spatio-spectral EEG source oscillations and assess the extent of non-stationarity. To this end, this work conducted an 8-day music-listening experiment (i.e., roughly interspaced over 2 months) and recorded whole-scalp 30-ch EEG data from 10 subjects. Given the large size of the data (i.e., from 80 sessions), results indicated that EEG non-stationarity was clearly revealed in the numbers and locations of brain sources of interest as well as their spectral modulation to the emotional responses. Less than half of subjects (two to four) showed the same relatively day-stationary (source reproducibility >6 days) spatio-spectral tendency towards one of the binary valence and arousal states. This work substantially advances the previous work by exploiting intra- and inter-individual EEG variability in an ecological multiday scenario. Such EEG non-stationarity may inevitably present a great challenge for the development of an accurate, robust, and generalized emotion-classification model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Shen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Lin
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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78
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Martin GN. (Why) Do You Like Scary Movies? A Review of the Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2298. [PMID: 31681095 PMCID: PMC6813198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do we watch and like horror films? Despite a century of horror film making and entertainment, little research has examined the human motivation to watch fictional horror and how horror film influences individuals’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional responses. This review provides the first synthesis of the empirical literature on the psychology of horror film using multi-disciplinary research from psychology, psychotherapy, communication studies, development studies, clinical psychology, and media studies. The paper considers the motivations for people’s decision to watch horror, why people enjoy horror, how individual differences influence responses to, and preference for, horror film, how exposure to horror film changes behavior, how horror film is designed to achieve its effects, why we fear and why we fear specific classes of stimuli, and how liking for horror develops during childhood and adolescence. The literature suggests that (1) low empathy and fearfulness are associated with more enjoyment and desire to watch horror film but that specific dimensions of empathy are better predictors of people’s responses than are others; (2) there is a positive relationship between sensation-seeking and horror enjoyment/preference, but this relationship is not consistent; (3) men and boys prefer to watch, enjoy, and seek our horror more than do women and girls; (4) women are more prone to disgust sensitivity or anxiety than are men, and this may mediate the sex difference in the enjoyment of horror; (5) younger children are afraid of symbolic stimuli, whereas older children become afraid of concrete or realistic stimuli; and (6) in terms of coping with horror, physical coping strategies are more successful in younger children; priming with information about the feared object reduces fear and increases children’s enjoyment of frightening television and film. A number of limitations in the literature is identified, including the multifarious range of horror stimuli used in studies, disparities in methods, small sample sizes, and a lack of research on cross-cultural differences and similarities. Ideas for future research are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Neil Martin
- Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, School of Psychotherapy and Psychology, Regent's University London, London, United Kingdom
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79
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Manno FAM, Lau C, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Manno SHC, Cheng SH, Barrios FA. The human amygdala disconnecting from auditory cortex preferentially discriminates musical sound of uncertain emotion by altering hemispheric weighting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14787. [PMID: 31615998 PMCID: PMC6794305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How do humans discriminate emotion from non-emotion? The specific psychophysical cues and neural responses involved with resolving emotional information in sound are unknown. In this study we used a discrimination psychophysical-fMRI sparse sampling paradigm to locate threshold responses to happy and sad acoustic stimuli. The fine structure and envelope of auditory signals were covaried to vary emotional certainty. We report that emotion identification at threshold in music utilizes fine structure cues. The auditory cortex was activated but did not vary with emotional uncertainty. Amygdala activation was modulated by emotion identification and was absent when emotional stimuli were chance identifiable, especially in the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere amygdala was considerably more deactivated in response to uncertain emotion. The threshold of emotion was signified by a right amygdala deactivation and change of left amygdala greater than right amygdala activation. Functional sex differences were noted during binaural uncertain emotional stimuli presentations, where the right amygdala showed larger activation in females. Negative control (silent stimuli) experiments investigated sparse sampling of silence to ensure modulation effects were inherent to emotional resolvability. No functional modulation of Heschl's gyrus occurred during silence; however, during rest the amygdala baseline state was asymmetrically lateralized. The evidence indicates changing hemispheric activation and deactivation patterns between the left and right amygdala is a hallmark feature of discriminating emotion from non-emotion in music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A M Manno
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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80
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Fuller C, Başkent D, Free R. Early Deafened, Late Implanted Cochlear Implant Users Appreciate Music More Than and Identify Music as Well as Postlingual Users. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1050. [PMID: 31680802 PMCID: PMC6798179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Typical cochlear implant (CI) users, namely postlingually deafened and implanted, report to not enjoy listening to music, and find it difficult to perceive music. Another group of CI users, the early-deafened (during language acquisition) and late-implanted (after a long period of auditory deprivation; EDLI), report a higher music appreciation, but is this related to a better music perception? Materials and Methods: Sixteen EDLI and fifteen postlingually deafened (control group) CI users participated in the study. The inclusion criteria for EDLI were: severe or profound hearing loss onset before the age of 6 years, implantation after the age of 16 years, and CI experience more than 1 year. Subjectively, music perception and appreciation was evaluated using the Dutch Musical Background Questionnaire. Behaviorally, music perception was measured with melodic contour identification (MCI), using two instruments (piano and organ), each tested with and without a masking contour. Semitone distance between successive tones of the target varied from 1 to 3 semitones. Results: Subjectively, the EDLI group reported to appreciate music more than postlingually deafened CI users. Behaviorally, while clinical phoneme recognition test score on average was lower in the EDLI group, melodic contour identification did not significantly differ between the two groups. There was, however, an effect of instrument and masker for both groups; the piano was the best-recognized instrument, and for both instruments, the masker with non-overlapping pitch was best recognized. Discussion: EDLI group reported higher appreciation of music than postlingual control group, even though behaviorally measured music perception did not differ significantly between the two groups. Both surprising findings since EDLI CI users would be expected to have lower outcomes based on the early deafness onset, long duration of auditory deprivation, and on average lower clinical speech scores. Perhaps, the music perception difficulty comes from similar electric hearing limitations in both groups. The higher subjective appreciation in EDLI might be due to the lack of a musical memory, with no ability to compare music heard via the CI to acoustic music perception. Overall, our findings support a benefit from implantation for a positive music experience in EDLI CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fuller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, Netherlands
| | - Deniz Başkent
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rolien Free
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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81
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Belfi AM, Loui P. Musical anhedonia and rewards of music listening: current advances and a proposed model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1464:99-114. [PMID: 31549425 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Music frequently elicits intense emotional responses, a phenomenon that has been scrutinized from multiple disciplines that span the sciences and arts. While most people enjoy music and find it rewarding, there is substantial individual variability in the experience and degree of music-induced reward. Here, we review current work on the neural substrates of hedonic responses to music. In particular, we focus the present review on specific musical anhedonia, a selective lack of pleasure from music. Based on evidence from neuroimaging, neuropsychology, and brain stimulation studies, we derive a neuroanatomical model of the experience of pleasure during music listening. Our model posits that hedonic responses to music are the result of connectivity between structures involved in auditory perception as a predictive process, and those involved in the brain's dopaminergic reward system. We conclude with open questions and implications of this model for future research on why humans appreciate music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | - Psyche Loui
- Department of Music and Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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82
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Luis M, Doss R, Zayed B, Yacoub M. Effect of live oud music on physiological and psychological parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2019; 2019:e201917. [PMID: 31799291 PMCID: PMC6865197 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Music therapy has emerged as a promising evidence-based adjuvant method of intervention. This study aims to assess the effect of live oud music on physiological and psychological parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, pre- and post-operatively. Methods. Twelve patients undergoing cardiac operations were randomly allocated into either intervention group or control group, six patients in each group. Patients in the intervention group listened to 20 minutes of improvised and personally customized live oud music before and after surgery while patients in the control group heard the normal hospital sounds. While anxiety scores were assessed preoperatively, vital signs and pain scores were assessed postoperatively together with serum levels of cortisol, which was used as a surrogate marker of the stress response. Results. In the intervention group, pain scores and respiratory rates showed statistically significant reduction after listening to music (P values of 0.043 and 0.034 respectively). Additionally, heart rates, anxiety scores and serum cortisol levels showed borderline significant reduction in patients who listened to music with P values, 0.063, 0.066 and 0.068 respectively. These changes were not found in the control group. Conclusions. This preliminary study suggests a role of live oud music therapy in decreasing stress response of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery, in addition to its positive effects on pain perception and anxiety scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Basel Zayed
- Music and Art therapist, Ellenhorn, Massachusetts, USA
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83
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Hu B, Chomiak T. Wearable technological platform for multidomain diagnostic and exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:75-93. [PMID: 31607363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise have become a central component of medical management of chronic illness, particular for the elderly who suffer from neurodegenerative disorders that impair their cognition and mobility. This chapter summarizes our recent research showing that a new generation of wearable technology can be adopted as diagnostic and rehabilitation tools for people living with Parkinson's disease. For example, wearable device-enabled 6-min walking test can be automated to eliminate human supervision and many other technical factors that confound the results with conventional testing. With reduced cost and increased test standardization, the technology can be adopted for population-based screening of cardiovascular fitness and gait rehabilitation training efficacy associated with many medical conditions. The Ambulosono platform for multidomain exercise intervention, in particular, has the potential to deliver lasting clinical benefits in slowing PD progression. The platform, through the integration of brisk walking with behavioral shaping strategies such as contingency reinforcement, anticipatory motor control and musical motivational stimulation, creates a home exercise regime that can transform monotonous walking into a pleasurable daily activity and habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Taylor Chomiak
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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84
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Bravo F, Cross I, Hopkins C, Gonzalez N, Docampo J, Bruno C, Stamatakis EA. Anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex response to systematically controlled tonal dissonance during passive music listening. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:46-66. [PMID: 31512332 PMCID: PMC7268082 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have attempted to investigate how the brain codes emotional value when processing music of contrasting levels of dissonance; however, the lack of control over specific musical structural characteristics (i.e., dynamics, rhythm, melodic contour or instrumental timbre), which are known to affect perceived dissonance, rendered results difficult to interpret. To account for this, we used functional imaging with an optimized control of the musical structure to obtain a finer characterization of brain activity in response to tonal dissonance. Behavioral findings supported previous evidence for an association between increased dissonance and negative emotion. Results further demonstrated that the manipulation of tonal dissonance through systematically controlled changes in interval content elicited contrasting valence ratings but no significant effects on either arousal or potency. Neuroscientific findings showed an engagement of the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) while participants listened to dissonant compared to consonant music, converging with studies that have proposed a core role of these regions during conflict monitoring (detection and resolution), and in the appraisal of negative emotion and fear‐related information. Both the left and right primary auditory cortices showed stronger functional connectivity with the ACC during the dissonant portion of the task, implying a demand for greater information integration when processing negatively valenced musical stimuli. This study demonstrated that the systematic control of musical dissonance could be applied to isolate valence from the arousal dimension, facilitating a novel access to the neural representation of negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bravo
- Centre for Music and Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,TU Dresden, Institut für Kunst- und Musikwissenschaft, Dresden, Germany.,Cognition and Consciousness Imaging Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Cross
- Centre for Music and Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nadia Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroimaging, Fundación Científica del Sur Imaging Centre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Docampo
- Department of Neuroimaging, Fundación Científica del Sur Imaging Centre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Department of Neuroimaging, Fundación Científica del Sur Imaging Centre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel A Stamatakis
- Cognition and Consciousness Imaging Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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85
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Era V, Candidi M, Aglioti SM. Contextual and social variables modulate aesthetic appreciation of bodily and abstract art stimuli. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 199:102881. [PMID: 31352258 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in the plasticity of aesthetic appreciation, we know comparatively little about the role of individuals' cultural (e.g. the appreciators' expertise) and of social emotional-cognitive (e.g. the social influence of people perceived as warm or competent) variables in modulating the appreciation process. In two experiments we investigated 1) whether people with different art-expertise are influenced differently by contextual (i.e. stimuli primed as art) and social (i.e. stimuli rated as beautiful by art-critics) information and 2) whether acknowledging the judgment of a person perceived as warm or as competent has a different influence on individuals' aesthetic appreciation of art works. Warmth and competence are two social dimensions of fundamental importance for categorizing others as in-group or out-group (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002). We found that insinuating that the observed works were pieces of art, highly appreciated by art critics, lead expert participants to judge the stimuli as more beautiful in comparison to when the very same stimuli were not preceded by any manipulation. Moreover, we found that both art-experts and non-experts rated the stimuli as more beautiful when they believed it to be highly appreciated by people perceived as warm vs people perceived as competent. These results provide novel information on the plasticity of aesthetics and pave the way to understanding how tastes and preferences in the domain of aesthetics can be influenced.
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86
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Daly I, Williams D, Hwang F, Kirke A, Miranda ER, Nasuto SJ. Electroencephalography reflects the activity of sub-cortical brain regions during approach-withdrawal behaviour while listening to music. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9415. [PMID: 31263113 PMCID: PMC6603018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of music to evoke activity changes in the core brain structures that underlie the experience of emotion suggests that it has the potential to be used in therapies for emotion disorders. A large volume of research has identified a network of sub-cortical brain regions underlying music-induced emotions. Additionally, separate evidence from electroencephalography (EEG) studies suggests that prefrontal asymmetry in the EEG reflects the approach-withdrawal response to music-induced emotion. However, fMRI and EEG measure quite different brain processes and we do not have a detailed understanding of the functional relationships between them in relation to music-induced emotion. We employ a joint EEG – fMRI paradigm to explore how EEG-based neural correlates of the approach-withdrawal response to music reflect activity changes in the sub-cortical emotional response network. The neural correlates examined are asymmetry in the prefrontal EEG, and the degree of disorder in that asymmetry over time, as measured by entropy. Participants’ EEG and fMRI were recorded simultaneously while the participants listened to music that had been specifically generated to target the elicitation of a wide range of affective states. While listening to this music, participants also continuously reported their felt affective states. Here we report on co-variations in the dynamics of these self-reports, the EEG, and the sub-cortical brain activity. We find that a set of sub-cortical brain regions in the emotional response network exhibits activity that significantly relates to prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Specifically, EEG in the pre-frontal cortex reflects not only cortical activity, but also changes in activity in the amygdala, posterior temporal cortex, and cerebellum. We also find that, while the magnitude of the asymmetry reflects activity in parts of the limbic and paralimbic systems, the entropy of that asymmetry reflects activity in parts of the autonomic response network such as the auditory cortex. This suggests that asymmetry magnitude reflects affective responses to music, while asymmetry entropy reflects autonomic responses to music. Thus, we demonstrate that it is possible to infer activity in the limbic and paralimbic systems from pre-frontal EEG asymmetry. These results show how EEG can be used to measure and monitor changes in the limbic and paralimbic systems. Specifically, they suggest that EEG asymmetry acts as an indicator of sub-cortical changes in activity induced by music. This shows that EEG may be used as a measure of the effectiveness of music therapy to evoke changes in activity in the sub-cortical emotion response network. This is also the first time that the activity of sub-cortical regions, normally considered “invisible” to EEG, has been shown to be characterisable directly from EEG dynamics measured during music listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Daly
- Brain-Computer Interfacing and Neural Engineering Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Duncan Williams
- Digital Creativity Labs, Department of Computer Science, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5RG, UK
| | - Faustina Hwang
- Brain Embodiment Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AY, UK
| | - Alexis Kirke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Eduardo R Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Slawomir J Nasuto
- Brain Embodiment Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AY, UK
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87
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Lee SE, Kim D, Han Y. A neural basis of unpleasant emotional processing in modified guided imagery and music: An fMRI study. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2019.1623297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School of Social Education, Myongji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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88
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Kornelsen J, McIver TA, Stroman PW. Unique brain regions involved in positive versus negative emotional modulation of pain. Scand J Pain 2019; 19:583-596. [DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
Research has shown that negative emotions increase perceived pain whereas positive emotions reduce pain. Here we aim to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Methods
While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, 20 healthy adult females were presented with negative, neutral, and positive emotion-evoking visual stimuli in combination with the presentation of a noxious thermal stimulus to the hand. Participants rated the intensity and unpleasantness of the noxious thermal stimulus during each of the valence conditions. General linear model analyses were performed on the imaging data for each valence condition and specific contrasts were run.
Results
Significant differences were detected for the emotional modulation of pain (EMP) between the positive and negative conditions. Unique to the positive condition, there was increased activity in the inferior parietal, parahippocampal/perirhinal, precuneus/superior parietal, and the prefrontal cortices. Unique to the negative condition, there was increased activity in anterior and posterior cingulate and angular gyrus.
Conclusions
Positive and negative EMP appear to involve different brain regions.
Implications
Although there is some overlap in the brain regions involved in the positive and negative EMP, brain regions unique to each condition are identified and, moreover, the regions identified are involved in internal and external focus, respectively, pointing to a potential mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kornelsen
- Department of Radiology , University of Manitoba, SR226 Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine , 710 William Avenue , Winnipeg MB, R2H 2A6 , Canada , Phone: +1 204 787-5658, Fax: +1 204 233-2777
| | - Theresa A. McIver
- Queen’s University , Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Patrick W. Stroman
- Queen’s University , Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston , Ontario , Canada
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89
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Rojiani R, Zhang X, Noah A, Hirsch J. Communication of emotion via drumming: dual-brain imaging with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1047-1057. [PMID: 30215809 PMCID: PMC6204489 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonverbal communication of emotion is essential to human interaction and relevant to many clinical applications, yet it is an understudied topic in social neuroscience. Drumming is an ancient nonverbal communication modality for expression of emotion that has not been previously investigated in this context. We investigate the neural response to live, natural communication of emotion via drumming using a novel dual-brain neuroimaging paradigm. Hemodynamic signals were acquired using whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Dyads of 36 subjects participated in two conditions, drumming and talking, alternating between 'sending' (drumming or talking to partner) and 'receiving' (listening to partner) in response to emotionally salient images from the International Affective Picture System. Increased frequency and amplitude of drum strikes was behaviorally correlated with higher arousal and lower valence measures and neurally correlated with temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation in the listener. Contrast comparisons of drumming greater than talking also revealed neural activity in right TPJ. Together, findings suggest that emotional content communicated by drumming engages right TPJ mechanisms in an emotionally and behaviorally sensitive fashion. Drumming may provide novel, effective clinical approaches for treating social-emotional psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joy Hirsch
- Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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90
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Mastandrea S, Fagioli S, Biasi V. Art and Psychological Well-Being: Linking the Brain to the Aesthetic Emotion. Front Psychol 2019; 10:739. [PMID: 31019480 PMCID: PMC6458291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mastandrea
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Fagioli
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Biasi
- Department of Education, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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91
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Chorna O, Filippa M, De Almeida JS, Lordier L, Monaci MG, Hüppi P, Grandjean D, Guzzetta A. Neuroprocessing Mechanisms of Music during Fetal and Neonatal Development: A Role in Neuroplasticity and Neurodevelopment. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:3972918. [PMID: 31015828 PMCID: PMC6446122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3972918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this viewpoint article is to examine recent literature on fetal and neonatal processing of music. In particular, we examine the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging literature describing fetal and neonatal music perception and processing to the first days of term equivalent life. Secondly, in light of the recent systematic reviews published on this topic, we discuss the impact of music interventions on the potential neuroplasticity pathways through which the early exposure to music, live or recorded, may impact the fetal, preterm, and full-term infant brain. We conclude with recommendations for music stimuli selection and its role within the framework of early socioemotional development and environmental enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Chorna
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Filippa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Social Science Department, University of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - J. Sa De Almeida
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Lordier
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. G. Monaci
- Social Science Department, University of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - P. Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Grandjean
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences and Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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92
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Nomi JS, Molnar-Szakacs I, Uddin LQ. Insular function in autism: Update and future directions in neuroimaging and interventions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:412-426. [PMID: 30381235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The insular cortex, hidden within the lateral sulcus of the human brain, participates in a range of cognitive, affective, and sensory functions. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition affecting all of these functional domains, has increasingly been linked with atypical activation and connectivity of the insular cortices. Here we review the latest research linking atypical insular function to a range of behaviors characteristic of ASD, with an emphasis on neuroimaging findings in the domains of social cognition and executive function. We summarize some of the recent work linking the insula to interventions in autism, including oxytocin-based pharmacological treatments and music therapy. We suggest that future directions likely to yield significant insights into insular pathology in ASD include the analysis of the dynamics of this brain region. We also conclude that more basic research is necessary on the use of oxytocin pharmacotherapy, and larger studies addressing participant heterogeneity are needed on the use of music therapy in ASD. Long-term studies are needed to ascertain sustained effects of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | | | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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93
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Abstract
Understanding how the brain translates a structured sequence of sounds, such as music, into a pleasant and rewarding experience is a fascinating question which may be crucial to better understand the processing of abstract rewards in humans. Previous neuroimaging findings point to a challenging role of the dopaminergic system in music-evoked pleasure. However, there is a lack of direct evidence showing that dopamine function is causally related to the pleasure we experience from music. We addressed this problem through a double blind within-subject pharmacological design in which we directly manipulated dopaminergic synaptic availability while healthy participants (n = 27) were engaged in music listening. We orally administrated to each participant a dopamine precursor (levodopa), a dopamine antagonist (risperidone), and a placebo (lactose) in three different sessions. We demonstrate that levodopa and risperidone led to opposite effects in measures of musical pleasure and motivation: while the dopamine precursor levodopa, compared with placebo, increased the hedonic experience and music-related motivational responses, risperidone led to a reduction of both. This study shows a causal role of dopamine in musical pleasure and indicates that dopaminergic transmission might play different or additive roles than the ones postulated in affective processing so far, particularly in abstract cognitive activities.
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94
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Zhang S, Liu P, Feng T. To do it now or later: The cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates underlying procrastination. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2019; 10:e1492. [PMID: 30638308 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Procrastination, the voluntary and irrational delay of an intended course of action, has troubled individuals and society extensively. Various studies have been conducted to explain why people procrastinate and to explore the neural substrates of procrastination. First, research has identified many contributing factors to procrastination. Specifically, task aversiveness, future incentives, and time delay of these incentives have been confirmed as three prominent task characteristics that affect procrastination. On the other hand, self-control and impulsivity have been identified as two most predictive traits of procrastination. After identifying contributing factors, two important theories proposed to explain procrastination by integrating these factors are reviewed. Specifically, an emotion-regulation perspective regards procrastination as a form of self-regulation failure that reflects giving priority to short-term mood repair over achieving long-term goals. However, temporal motivation theory explains why people's motivation to act increases when time approaches a deadline with time discounting effect. To further specify the cognitive mechanism underlying procrastination, this study proposes a novel theoretical model which clarifies how the motivation to act and the motivation to avoid vary differently when delaying a task, explaining why people decide not to act now but are willing to act in the future. Of note, few recent studies have investigated neural correlates of procrastination. Specifically, it was revealed that individual differences in procrastination are correlated with structural abnormalities and altered spontaneous metabolism in the parahippocampal cortex and the prefrontal cortex, which might contribute to procrastination through episodic future thinking or memory and emotion regulation, respectively. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision Making Psychology > Theory and Methods Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmin Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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95
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Mencke I, Omigie D, Wald-Fuhrmann M, Brattico E. Atonal Music: Can Uncertainty Lead to Pleasure? Front Neurosci 2019; 12:979. [PMID: 30670941 PMCID: PMC6331456 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of neuroaesthetics has gained considerable attention with music being a favored object of study. The majority of studies concerning music have, however, focused on the experience of Western tonal music (TM), which is characterized by tonal hierarchical organization, a high degree of consonance, and a tendency to provide the listener with a tonic as a reference point during the listening experience. We argue that a narrow focus on Western TM may have led to a one-sided view regarding the qualities of the aesthetic experience of music since Western art music from the 20th and 21st century like atonal music (AM) – while lacking a tonal hierarchical structure, and while being highly dissonant and hard to predict – is nevertheless enjoyed by a group of avid listeners. We propose a research focus that investigates, in particular, the experience of AM as a novel and compelling way with which to enhance our understanding of both the aesthetic appreciation of music and the role of predictive models in the context of musical pleasure. We use music theoretical analysis and music information retrieval methods to demonstrate how AM presents the listener with a highly uncertain auditory environment. Specifically, an analysis of a corpus of 100 musical segments is used to illustrate how tonal classical music and AM differ quantitatively in terms of both key and pulse clarity values. We then examine person related, extrinsic and intrinsic factors, that point to potential mechanisms underlying the appreciation and pleasure derived from AM. We argue that personality traits like “openness to experience,” the framing of AM as art, and the mere exposure effect are key components of such mechanisms. We further argue that neural correlates of uncertainty estimation could represent a central mechanism for engaging with AM and that such contexts engender a comparatively weak predictive model in the listener. Finally we argue that in such uncertain contexts, correct predictions may be more subjectively rewarding than prediction errors since they signal to the individual that their predictive model is improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mencke
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana Omigie
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark
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96
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Role of the human mirror system in automatic processing of musical emotion: Evidence from EEG. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2019.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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97
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Arias M. Neurology of ecstatic religious and similar experiences: ecstatic, orgasmic, and musicogenic seizures. Stendhal syndrome and autoscopic phenomena. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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98
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Weber SC, Kahnt T, Quednow BB, Tobler PN. Frontostriatal pathways gate processing of behaviorally relevant reward dimensions. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005722. [PMID: 30339662 PMCID: PMC6209378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of rewards arises from multiple hedonic and motivational dimensions. Reward-encoding brain regions such as the ventral striatum (VS) are known to process these dimensions. However, the mechanism whereby distinct reward dimensions are selected for neural processing and guiding behavior remains unclear. Here, we used functional imaging to investigate how human individuals make either hedonic (liking) or motivational (wanting) evaluations of everyday items. We found that the two types of evaluations were differently modulated depending on whether participants won or lost these items. Neural activity in the VS encoded both hedonic and motivational dimensions of reward, whereas ventromedial prefrontal activity encoded primarily motivational evaluations and central orbitofrontal activity encoded predominantly hedonic evaluations. These distinct prefrontal representations arose regardless of which judgment was currently relevant for behavior. Critically, the VS preferentially processed the reward dimension currently being evaluated and showed judgment-specific functional connectivity with the dimension-specific prefrontal areas. Thus, our data are in line with a gating mechanism by which prefrontal cortex (PFC)-VS pathways flexibly encode reward dimensions depending on their behavioral relevance. These findings provide a prototype for a generalized information selection mechanism through content-tailored frontostriatal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C. Weber
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Boris B. Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N. Tobler
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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99
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Fusar-Poli L, Bieleninik Ł, Brondino N, Chen XJ, Gold C. The effect of music therapy on cognitive functions in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1097-1106. [PMID: 28691506 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1348474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to meta-analyze the effect of music therapy (MT) on cognitive functions in patients with dementia. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and RILM up to 8 September 2016. We included all randomized controlled trials that compared MT with standard care, or other non-musical types of intervention, evaluating cognitive outcomes in patients with dementia. Outcomes included global cognition, complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, and perceptual-motor skills. RESULTS From 1089 potentially relevant records, 110 studies were assessed for eligibility, and 7 met the inclusion criteria, of which 6 contained appropriate data for meta-analysis (330 participants, mean age range 78.8-86.3). Overall, random-effects meta-analyses suggested no significant effects of MT on all outcomes. Subgroup analysis found evidence of a beneficial effect of active MT on global cognition (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.57, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Despite the limited evidence of the present review, it is important to continue supporting MT as a complementary treatment for older adults with dementia. RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to better elucidate the impact of MT on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusar-Poli
- a Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Łucja Bieleninik
- b The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre , Uni Research Health, Uni Research , Bergen , Norway
| | - Natascia Brondino
- a Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Xi-Jing Chen
- c CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health , Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing , China
| | - Christian Gold
- b The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre , Uni Research Health, Uni Research , Bergen , Norway
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100
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Lorenzetti V, Melo B, Basílio R, Suo C, Yücel M, Tierra-Criollo CJ, Moll J. Emotion Regulation Using Virtual Environments and Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback. Front Neurol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 30087646 PMCID: PMC6066986 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NFB) enables the voluntary regulation of brain activity, with promising applications to enhance and recover emotion and cognitive processes, and their underlying neurobiology. It remains unclear whether NFB can be used to aid and sustain complex emotions, with ecological validity implications. We provide a technical proof of concept of a novel real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) NFB procedure. Using rtfMRI-NFB, we enabled participants to voluntarily enhance their own neural activity while they experienced complex emotions. The rtfMRI-NFB software (FRIEND Engine) was adapted to provide a virtual environment as brain computer interface (BCI) and musical excerpts to induce two emotions (tenderness and anguish), aided by participants' preferred personalized strategies to maximize the intensity of these emotions. Eight participants from two experimental sites performed rtfMRI-NFB on two consecutive days in a counterbalanced design. On one day, rtfMRI-NFB was delivered to participants using a region of interest (ROI) method, while on the other day using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Our multimodal VR/NFB approach was technically feasible and robust as a method for real-time measurement of the neural correlates of complex emotional states and their voluntary modulation. Guided by the color changes of the virtual environment BCI during rtfMRI-NFB, participants successfully increased in real time, the activity of the septo-hypothalamic area and the amygdala during the ROI based rtfMRI-NFB, and successfully evoked distributed patterns of brain activity classified as tenderness and anguish during SVM-based rtfMRI-NFB. Offline fMRI analyses confirmed that during tenderness rtfMRI-NFB conditions, participants recruited the septo-hypothalamic area and other regions ascribed to social affiliative emotions (medial frontal / temporal pole and precuneus). During anguish rtfMRI-NFB conditions, participants recruited the amygdala and other dorsolateral prefrontal and additional regions associated with negative affect. These findings were robust and were demonstrable at the individual subject level, and were reflected in self-reported emotion intensity during rtfMRI-NFB, being observed with both ROI and SVM methods and across the two sites. Our multimodal VR/rtfMRI-NFB protocol provides an engaging tool for brain-based interventions to enhance emotional states in healthy subjects and may find applications in clinical conditions associated with anxiety, stress and impaired empathy among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Melo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, IDOR, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Basílio
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, IDOR, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Chao Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos J Tierra-Criollo
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, IDOR, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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