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Paneerselvam C, Ganapasam S. β-Escin alleviates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia-mediated apoptotic resistance and invasion via ROS-dependent HIF-1α/TGF-β/MMPs in A549 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:191-201. [PMID: 32670550 PMCID: PMC7329168 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is contributed in various pathophysiological conditions including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In cancer, hypoxia is a salient phenomenon and has been correlated with tumor progression, metastasis, and provoke resistance to therapies in cancer patients, which exert with stabilization of main effector, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, therapeutic targeting of hypoxic responses in cancer is the potential approach to improve the better treatment efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of β-Escin (β-Es) on hypoxia-induced resistance to apoptosis and metastasis in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed that β-Es treatment decreased the A549 cells viability under cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia. Apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot that showed cancer cells treated with β-Es induced cell death in hypoxia condition as proteins compared with normoxia. Moreover, we observed that cobalt chloride induced hypoxia through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and stabilized the transcriptional factor HIF-1α, which leads to cancer metastasis. This notion was supported by the migration, invasion, and adhesion assays. Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression of transforming growth factor-β, and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases were suppressed by the treatment of β-Es as well as pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, we demonstrate that a concurrent activation of HIF-1α, transforming growth factor-β, and matrix metalloproteinases participate in hypoxia-induced metastasis and that β-Es prevent A549 cells metastasis by inhibition of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chermakani Paneerselvam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhandiran Ganapasam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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52
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Wang S, Song X, Zhang K, Deng S, Jiao P, Qi M, Lian Z, Yao Y. Overexpression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Affects Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses in Monocytes of Transgenic Sheep. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:248. [PMID: 32432106 PMCID: PMC7214805 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a critical pattern recognition receptor that plays a critical role in the host innate immune system’s recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. Since it is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, it links the activated inflammatory response with autophagy and oxidative stress. Autophagy, or type II programmed cell death, was reported to have defensive functions in response to the production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. To explore the relationship between autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress, a TLR4-enriched transgenic (Tg) animal model (sheep) was generated. Autophagy activity in the Tg blood monocytes was significantly higher than in the wild-type animal under LPS stress, and it returned to normal after transfection of TLR4 siRNA. Pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibited autophagy and enhanced oxidative stress and the production of TNF-α. The LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was markedly increased in the Tg group at an early stage before quickly returning to normal values. In addition, suppressing ROS production by N-acetyl-L-cysteine down-regulated the number of intracellular autophagosomes and the expression of Beclin-1, ATG5, and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further mechanistic investigation suggested that the TLR4-associated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in autophagy and oxidative stress. P38 MAPK promotes intracellular autophagy, ROS production, and inflammatory response. Moreover, TLR4 over-expression suppressed oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased autophagy activity in vivo. Taken together, our results showed that LPS induced autophagy, which was related to TLR4-mediated ROS production through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, our study also provided a novel transgenic animal model to analyze the effects of TLR4 on autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuting Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peixin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiyu Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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53
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Raha S, Kim SM, Lee HJ, Yumnam S, Saralamma VV, Ha SE, Lee WS, Kim GS. Naringin Induces Lysosomal Permeabilization and Autophagy Cell Death in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:679-702. [PMID: 32329644 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of active programmed cell death, where a dying cell induces autophagosomes and subsequently regulated by degradative machinery. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind induction of autophagic cell death by Naringin flavonoid in AGS cancer cells. Growth inhibition of AGS cells showed downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by Naringin treatment. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed swollen mitochondria and lysosome near peri-nuclear zone fused with autophagic vacuoles. Rapamycin pre-treatment with Naringin showed significant decrease in mTOR phosphorylation and increase in LC3B activation in AGS cells. Decrease in mTOR phosphorylation is associated with lysosomal function activation was observed by time-dependent treatment of Naringin. Induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) was observed by LAMP1 activation leading lysosomal cell death by releasing Cathepsin D from lysosomal lumen to cytosol. Naringin treated AGS cells showed up-regulating BH3 domain Bad, down-regulating Bcl-xL, and Bad phosphorylation and significant mitochondrial fluorescence intensity expression. Significant localization of mitochondria and LC3B activation was examined by person coefficient correlation. Activation of ERK1/2-p38 MAPKs and production of intracellular ROS has been observed over Naringin treatment. It has also been elucidated that pre-treatment with NAC inhibited mitochondria-LC3B colocalization, where ROS acted as upstream of ERK1/2-p38 MAPKs activation. Lysosomal cell death involvement has been evaluated by BAF A1 pre-treatment, inhibiting LAMP1, Cathepsin D, ROS, and blocking autophagolysosome in AGS cell death. Taken together, these findings show that, Naringin induced autophagy cell death involves LMP mediated lysosomal damage and BH3 protein Bad activation in AGS cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science & Toxicology, Division, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Venu VenkatarameGowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) seed fatty acids, flavonoids and heavy metals plasticity to different urban environments. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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55
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Liu W, Chai Y, Hu L, Wang J, Pan X, Yuan H, Zhao Z, Song Y, Zhang Y. Polyphyllin VI Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated JNK and P38 Activation in Glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2275-2288. [PMID: 32214827 PMCID: PMC7078907 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyphyllin VI (PPVI), a bioactive component derived from a traditional Chinese herb Paris polyphylla, exhibits potential antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as breast and lung cancers. However, its effect on glioma remains unknown. Methods Five glioma cell lines (U251, U343, LN229, U87 and HEB) and an animal model were employed in the study. Anti-proliferation effects of PPVI were first determined using CCK-8 cell proliferation and clone formation assays, then reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle progression and apoptosis effects measured by flow cytometry. The effect of PPVI on protein expression was quantified by Western blot analysis. Results Data showed that PPVI inhibited the proliferation of glioma cell lines by modulating the G2/M phase. Additionally, incubation of cells with PPVI promoted apoptosis, autophagy, increased accumulation of ROS and activated ROS-modulated JNK and p38 pathways. On the other hand, N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, attenuated PPVI-triggered effects. Furthermore, JNK and p38 inhibitors ameliorated PPVI-triggered autophagy and apoptosis in glioma cells. In vivo assays showed that PPVI inhibited tumor growth of U87 cell line in nude mice. Conclusion Overall, these data suggested that PPVI might be an effective therapeutic agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
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56
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Sun Y, Jiang X, Pan R, Zhou X, Qin D, Xiong R, Wang Y, Qiu W, Wu A, Wu J. Escins Isolated from Aesculus chinensis Bge. Promote the Autophagic Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin and Inhibit its Induced Apoptosis in HT22 cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:116. [PMID: 32158393 PMCID: PMC7052340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease, is highly associated with the cytotoxicity-inducing mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein. Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy plays a pivotal role in degrading aggregated proteins such as mHtt to enhance neuronal viability. In this study, by employing preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pre-HPLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography diode-array-detector quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), three escins, escin IA (EA), escin IB (EB) and isoescin IA (IEA), were isolated and identified from the seed of Aesculus chinensis Bge. (ACB). After EGFP-HTT74-overexpressing HT22 cells were treated with EA, EB and IEA at safe concentrations, the clearance of mHtt and mHtt-induced apoptosis were investigated by Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry methods. In addition, the autophagy induced by these escins in HT22 cells was monitored by detecting GFP-LC3 puncta, P62 and LC3 protein expression. The results showed that EA, EB and IEA could significantly decrease mHtt levels and inhibit its induced apoptosis in HT22 cells. In addition, these three saponins induced autophagic flux by increasing the ratio of RFP-LC3 to GFP-LC3, and by decreasing P62 expression. Among the tested escins, EB displayed the best autophagy induction, which was regulated via both the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the degradation of mHtt and the commensurate decrease in its cytotoxic effects by EA, EB and IEA were demonstrated to be closely associated with autophagy induction, which depended on ATG7. In conclusion, we are the first to report that the escins, including EA, EB and IEA are novel autophagy inducers that degrade mHtt and inhibit mHtt-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. As a result of these findings, the triterpenoid saponins in ACB might be considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of HD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenqiao Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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57
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Liu S, Liu J, Yu X, Shen T, Fu Q. Identification of a Two-Gene ( PML-EPB41) Signature With Independent Prognostic Value in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1578. [PMID: 32039036 PMCID: PMC6992559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most prevalent form of malignant bone cancer and it occurs predominantly in children and adolescents. OSA is associated with a poor prognosis and highest cause of cancer-related death. However, there are a few biomarkers that can serve as reasonable assessments of prognosis. Methods: Gene expression profiling data were downloaded from dataset GSE39058 and GSE21257 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database as well as TARGET database. Bioinformatic analysis with data integration was conducted to discover the significant biomarkers for predicting prognosis. Verification was conducted by qPCR and western blot to measure the expression of genes. Results: 733 seed genes were selected by combining the results of the expression profiling data with hub nodes in a human protein-protein interaction network with their gene functional enrichment categories identified. Following by Cox proportional risk regression modeling, a 2-gene (PML-EPB41) signature was developed for prognostic prediction of patients with OSA. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly poorer survival outcomes than in the low-risk group. Finally, the signature was validated and analyzed by the external dataset along with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis as well as biological experiment. A molecular gene model was built to serve as an innovative predictor of prognosis for patients with OSA. Conclusion: Our findings define novel biomarkers for OSA prognosis, which will possibly aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Liu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuechen Yu
- Hammer Health Sciences Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Spine and Joint Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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58
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Liang Q, Ou M, Li Z, Ren Y, Wei W, Qiao X, Hu R, Wu X, Liu Y, Wang W. Functional analysis target of rapamycin (TOR) on the Penaeus vannamei in response to acute low temperature stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:53-61. [PMID: 31801694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical of Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays an important role in many aspects such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, cell cycle regulation, autophagy and apoptosis. However, little information is known about the enzyme in crustaceans. Here, a novel TOR was identified from shrimp Penaeus vannamei (PvTOR) and its biological functions were investigated in response low temperature stress. The PvTOR gene encoded a polypeptide of 2464 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 279.4 kD and a predicted isoelectronic point (pI) of 7.30. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvTOR shared high similarity with other known species. PvTOR mRNA was detected in all the tested tissues and highest transcription in muscle and hepatopancreas. PvTOR transcriptional level was up-regulated significantly at 1.5 h and 3 h, and down-regulated at 12 h and 24 h after low temperature stress. TEM and autophagy indicator system GFP-PvLC3 suggested that low temperature induced autophagy generation. ROS, Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis rate were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown shrimp after low temperature stress. The autophagy associated gene ATG8II/I, PvBeclin-1, PvATG14, apoptosis gene PvPARP, Pvcasp-3, PvBAX and Pvp53 transcripts, and casp-3/8 activity in hemocyte were increased significantly in TOR-knockdown group shrimp at 3 h after low temperature stress. Additionally, THC counts of TOR-knockdown group were significantly higher than the dsGFP group. In summary, these results suggested that PvTOR plays an important role in the adaptation mechanisms of shrimp at low temperature by regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Mufei Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - ZhongHua Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - YingHao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueli Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - XuJian Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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59
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Podophyllotoxin Isolated from Podophyllum peltatum Induces G2/M Phase Arrest and Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in East Asia and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths. Podophyllotoxin (PT), a cyclolignan isolated from podophyllum peltatum, exhibits anti-cancer effects at the cellular level. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of anti-cancer effects induced by PT in ESCC cells. Exposure to increasing concentrations of PT led to a significant decrease in the growth and anchorage-independent colony numbers of ESCC cells. PT showed high anticancer efficacy against a panel of four types of ESCC cells, including KYSE 30, KYSE 70, KYSE 410, KYSE 450, and KYSE 510 by IC50 at values ranges from 0.17 to 0.3 μM. We also found that PT treatment induced G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle and accumulation of the sub-G1 population, as well as apoptosis. Exposure to PT triggered a significant synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of various caspases. Furthermore, PT increased the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and the expression of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker proteins via ROS generation. An increase in the level of pro-apoptotic proteins and a reduction in the anti-apoptotic protein level induced ESCC cell death via the loss of MMP. Additionally, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol with Apaf-1 induced the activation of multi-caspases. In conclusion, our results revealed that PT resulted in apoptosis of ESCC cells by modulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial and ER stress-dependent mechanisms. Therefore, PT is a promising therapeutic candidate as an anti-cancer drug against ESCC for clinical use.
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60
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Niu J, Yan T, Guo W, Wang W, Zhao Z. Insight Into the Role of Autophagy in Osteosarcoma and Its Therapeutic Implication. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1232. [PMID: 31803616 PMCID: PMC6873391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that frequently metastasizes to the lungs. The cytotoxicity of most chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs in the treatment of osteosarcoma is partially lessened. Furthermore, there is a poor response to current chemo- and radiotherapy for both primary lesions and pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. There is a clear need to explore promising drug candidates that could improve the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment. Autophagy, a dynamic and highly conserved catabolic process, has dual roles in promoting cell survival as well as cell death. The role of autophagy has been investigated extensively in different tumor types, and a growing body of research has highlighted the potential value of using autophagy in clinical therapy. Here, we address significant aspects of autophagy in osteosarcoma, including its functions, modulation, and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
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61
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Liu B, Zhao H, Zhang L, Shi X. Silencing of long-non-coding RNA ANCR suppresses the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by activating the p38MAPK signalling pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1112. [PMID: 31727012 PMCID: PMC6857278 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy of the bone that has no clearly identified prognostic factors for diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ANCR on the migration and invasion of OS cells as well as the possible mechanism involving the p38MAPK signalling pathway. Methods ANCR expression was determined in OS tissues and OS cell lines (MG-63, S1353, U2OS, and UMR-106) by qRT-PCR. It was observed that ANCR was down-regulated in MG-63 and U2OS cells by 48 h of siRNA-ANCR (si-ANCR) transfection. The proliferation of transfected cells was determined using the CCK-8 and the EdU assays. The migration and invasion of transfected cells were determined by the Transwell assay. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) proteins was determined by Western blot. In addition, combinatorial treatment of cells with si-ANCR + SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) was performed to investigate the association between ANCR and MAPK signalling in OS cells. Results ANCR was up-regulated in OS cells and tissues. ANCR silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation rate, decreased the percentage of migration and invasion cells, down-regulated N-cadherin, and up-regulated E-cadherin and p-p38MAPK in MG-63 and U2OS cells. Inhibition of the p38MAPK signalling pathway (SB203580) in MG-63 and U2OS cells rescued si-ANCR-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Conclusions Silencing of ANCR inhibited the migration and invasion of OS cells through activation of the p38MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The No. 4 Hospital of Jinan, No. 50, Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan City, 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Community Section, The First People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 132, Daminghu Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The No. 4 Hospital of Jinan, No. 50, Shifan Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan City, 250031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma & Hand and Foot Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, 250013, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhao Q, Yang H, Liu F, Luo J, Zhao Q, Li X, Yang Y. Naringenin Exerts Cardiovascular Protective Effect in a Palmitate‐Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury Model via Autophagy Flux Improvement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900601. [PMID: 31622021 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace MedicineFourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research Urumqi 830054 China
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Braicu C, Buse M, Busuioc C, Drula R, Gulei D, Raduly L, Rusu A, Irimie A, Atanasov AG, Slaby O, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. A Comprehensive Review on MAPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101618. [PMID: 31652660 PMCID: PMC6827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are found in various diseases, including cancer, as a result of genetic and epigenetic changes. Numerous studies focused on both the homeostatic and the pathologic conduct of MAPK signaling; however, there is still much to be deciphered in terms of regulation and action models in both preclinical and clinical research. MAPK has implications in the response to cancer therapy, particularly the activation of the compensatory pathways in response to experimental MAPK inhibition. The present paper discusses new insights into MAPK as a complex cell signaling pathway with roles in the sustenance of cellular normal conduit, response to cancer therapy, and activation of compensatory pathways. Unfortunately, most MAPK inhibitors trigger resistance due to the activation of compensatory feed-back loops in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment components. Therefore, novel combinatorial therapies have to be implemented for cancer management in order to restrict the possibility of alternative pathway activation, as a perspective for developing novel therapies based on integration in translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihail Buse
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Drula
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Calin Ionescu
- th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Republicii 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Liao YX, Yu HY, Lv JY, Cai YR, Liu F, He ZM, He SS. Targeting autophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance and reduce metastasis in osteosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1213-1222. [PMID: 31638211 PMCID: PMC6831203 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy, mainly affecting children and adolescents. Currently, surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy has been standardized for OS treatment. Despite great advances in chemotherapy for OS, its clinical prognosis remains far from satisfactory; this is due to chemoresistance, which has become a major obstacle to improving OS treatment. Autophagy, a catabolic process through which cells eliminate and recycle their own damaged proteins and organelles to provide energy, can be activated by chemotherapeutic drugs. Accumulating evidence has indicated that autophagy plays the dual role in the regulation of OS chemoresistance by either promoting drug resistance or increasing drug sensitivity. The aim of the present review was to demonstrate thatautophagy has both a cytoprotective and an autophagic cell death function in OS chemoresistance. In addition, methods to detect autophagy, autophagy inducers and inhibitors, as well as autophagy‑mediated metastasis, immunotherapy and clinical prognosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Sheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer via Chinese Herbal Medicine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9240426. [PMID: 31583051 PMCID: PMC6754955 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9240426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of highly bioactive molecules, have been extensively studied in cancers. Cancer cells typically exhibit higher levels of basal ROS than normal cells, primarily due to their increased metabolism, oncogene activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This moderate increase in ROS levels facilitates cancer initiation, development, and progression; however, excessive ROS concentrations can lead to various types of cell death. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that either increase intracellular ROS to toxic levels or, conversely, decrease the levels of ROS may be effective in treating cancers via ROS regulation. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a major type of natural medicine and has greatly contributed to human health. CHMs have been increasingly used for adjuvant clinical treatment of tumors. Although their mechanism of action is unclear, CHMs can execute a variety of anticancer effects by regulating intracellular ROS. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of ROS in cancers, present a comprehensive analysis of and update the role of CHM—especially its active compounds and ingredients—in the prevention and treatment of cancers via ROS regulation and emphasize precautions and strategies for the use of CHM in future research and clinical trials.
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Hao J, Wang P, Pei D, Jia B, Hu Q. Rhein lysinate improves motor function in rats with spinal cord injury via inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:765-771. [PMID: 31483087 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Dai‐Ping Pei
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Qun‐Sheng Hu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital Shenzhen China
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Berberine inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes apoptosis of tumour-associated fibroblast-induced colonic epithelial cells through regulation of TGF-β signalling. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 14:53-66. [PMID: 31399854 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) mediate the differentiation of adjacent stromal cells. Berberine (BBR), a monomer of traditional Chinese herbs, exhibits a potent therapeutic effect against cancer. However, the effects of BBR on the differentiation of normal colonic epithelial cells induced by TAFs have not been determined. In the present study, we selected the TAF-like myofibroblast cell line CCD-18Co. CCD-18Co-derived conditioned medium (CM) and co-culture induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes in colonic epithelial HCoEpiC cells with decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin and α-SMA expression. In addition, CCD-18Co stimulated the expression of ZEB1 and Snail and promoted motility. We used LY364947, a TGF-β receptor kinase type I (TβRI) inhibitor, and BBR. Our results showed that LY364947 and BBR inhibited these phenomena. BBR decreased the expression of ZEB1 and Snail, and this effect was concentration dependent. BBR also downregulated the expression of TβRI, TβRII, Smad2/p-Smad2 and Smad3/p-Smad3. In addition, BBR induced apoptosis in EMT-like HCoEpiC cells in a concentration-dependent manner with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. However, VX-702, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, significantly suppressed the apoptosis rate. BBR promoted the expression of p38 MAPK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK. In conclusion, berberine inhibits EMT and promotes apoptosis in TAF-induced colonic epithelial cells through mediation of the Smad-dependent and SMAD-independent TGF-β signalling pathways.
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68
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Ni B, Shen H, Wang W, Lu H, Jiang L. TGF-β1 reduces the oxidative stress-induced autophagy and apoptosis in rat annulus fibrosus cells through the ERK signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:241. [PMID: 31358027 PMCID: PMC6664534 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on autophagy and apoptosis induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and possible signal pathways involved in this process. Methods AF cells were isolated from rat lumbar discs and subjected to different concentrations of exogenous H2O2 (50, 100, 200 μmol/L) for different time periods (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h). Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, and the levels of autophagy and apoptosis were evaluated by Western blotting and caspase 3, 8, 9 activity assay. By administration with different concentrations of TGF-β1 (5, 10, 20 ng/mL), the effects of TGF-β1 on autophagy and apoptosis induced by H2O2 were observed, and the possible signaling pathways were also investigated by using various apoptosis inhibitors or an autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A (Baf A) in AF cells. Results H2O2 significantly impaired cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. H2O2 also induced a sudden and the highest level of autophagy at 1 h, and gradually increased apoptosis through ERK pathway. The mitochondrial pathway was involved in H2O2-induced apoptosis in AF cells. TGF-β1 reduced the expression of p-ERK and downregulated the expressions of Beclin-1, LC3 II/I, and mitochondrial-related apoptotic proteins (Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-9). Meanwhile, TGF-β1 downregulated the level of intracellular H2O2 through upregulating the expression level of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1). Conclusions TGF-β1 reduced autophagy and apoptosis induced by exogenous H2O2 through downregulating the expression of ERK in AF cells. TGF-β1 could downregulate the level of ERK and intracellular H2O2 by upregulating GPx-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Leisheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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69
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In vivo and in vitro inhibition of osteosarcoma growth by the pan Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:675-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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70
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Ma T, Ma QS, Yu B, Liu HM. Discovery of the theobromine derivative MQS-14 that induces death of MGC-803 cells mainly through ROS-mediated mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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71
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Song D, Yang K, Wang W, Tian R, Wang H, Wang K. MicroRNA-211-5p promotes apoptosis and inhibits the migration of osteosarcoma cells by targeting proline-rich protein PRR11. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:258-266. [PMID: 31075210 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains fatal in adolescents and young adults, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. However, the details for mechanisms that regulate osteosarcoma metastasis are poorly understood. We analyzed the expression levels of miR-211-5p in clinical samples of osteosarcoma as well as cell lines, and found that the expression of miR-211-5p was reduced in osteosarcoma. Moreover, induction of miR-211-5p in several osteosarcoma cell lines dramatically inhibited their migration and invasiveness. Furthermore, miR-211-5p overexpression led to a significant increase in the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell. Importantly, our in vivo xenograft experiments showed that miR-211-5p strongly inhibits tumorigenesis. Additionally, functional experiments demonstrated that miR-211-5p suppresses the expression of proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) by directly binding to the 3' region of PRR11 mRNA. Moreover, we showed that PRR11 overexpression attenuated the increase of apoptosis and decreased migration and invasiveness when the upstream miR-211-5p was overexpressed. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms that regulate osteosarcoma metastasis, and novel potential pharmaceutical targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Kun Yang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Run Tian
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,The first department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
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Liu X, Cao K, Lv W, Feng Z, Liu J, Gao J, Li H, Zang W, Liu J. Punicalagin attenuates endothelial dysfunction by activating FoxO1, a pivotal regulating switch of mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:251-260. [PMID: 30878647 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has elucidated that hyperlipidemia is closely associated with an increasing prevalence of CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) because of endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of PU (Punicalagin), a major ellagitannin in pomegranate, on endothelial dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, PU significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia-induced accumulation of serum triglyceride and cholesterol as well as endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction of thoracic aorta. Intriguingly, the FoxO1 (forkhead box O1) pathway was activated, which may account for prevention of vascular dysfunction and mitochondrial loss via upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis. In line, through in vitro cell cultures, our study demonstrated that PU not only increased the total FoxO1 protein, but also enhanced its nuclear translocation. In addition, silencing of FoxO1 remarkably abolished the ability of PU to augment the mitochondrial biogenesis, eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) expression, and oxidative stress, implying the irreplaceable role of FoxO1 in regulating endothelial function in the presence of PU. Conversely, suppression of excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) secured the PA (palmitate)-induced decrease of FoxO1 expression, implying that there was a cross-talk between FoxO1 pathway and ROS. Concomitantly, the inflammatory response in current study was primarily mediated via p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway besides of FoxO1 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that PU ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by activating FoxO1 pathway, a pivotal regulating switch of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyun Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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PGC-1α protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein and luteinizing hormone-induced granulosa cells injury through ROS-p38 pathway. Hum Cell 2019; 32:285-296. [PMID: 30993568 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often suffer from ovulation failure, which may be driven by granulosa cells (GCs) injury caused by increased levels of circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and luteinizing hormone (LH). PGC-1α may play an important role in this pathophysiological processes. However, the effect and the potential mechanism of PGC-1α on GCs injury evoked by obese PCOS is fully unclear. To investigate the protective effect and the potential mechanism of PGC-1α on GCs injury evoked by ox-LDL + LH stimulation. Patients with PCOS and women of normal reproductive age who undergoing egg retrievals and consenting for this research were collected. Those women were divided into normal-weight non-PCOS group, obese non-PCOS group, normal-weight PCOS group and obese PCOS group according to the body mass index (BMI) and PCOS diagnosis. Follicular fluid was collected and primary GCs were isolated. The levels of LH and ox-LDL in follicular fluid in the four groups were measured. And, the expressions of PGC-1α, cell apoptosis and ROS generation in primary GCs in the four groups were evaluated. After GCs from women of normal reproductive age at normal-weight pre-treated with adenovirus encoding PGC-1α (Ad-PGC-1α) prior to ox-LDL + LH treatment in vitro, the cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins expressions and ROS generation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, AnnexinV/PI double staining, Western blot and H2DCF-DA staining, respectively. The expression of PGC-1α was significantly decreased, whereas the cell apoptosis and ROS generation were significantly increased in GCs of PCOS group, especially obese PCOS group. Our data also revealed that over-expression of PGC-1α in GCs from women of normal reproductive age at normal-weight markedly inhibited cell injury, ROS generation and p38 activation, accompanied by increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expressions induced by ox-LDL + LH stimulation. Ox-LDL + LH-induced cell apoptosis was abrogated by attenuation of ROS generation or p38 activation. Attenuation of ROS generation reversed ox-LDL + LH-induced p38 activation, however, p38 inhibitors had an effect on ROS generation. Our findings suggested that PGC-1α protected against ox-LDL + LH-induced GCs injury through inhibiting cell apoptosis. And, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ROS-initiated p38 pathway. Our data indicated that PGC-1α may be a potential therapeutic target for obese PCOS.
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Hsp90 Inhibitor SNX-2112 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis of Human Cervical Cancer Cells via the ROS-Mediated JNK-p53-Autophagy-DR5 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9675450. [PMID: 31019655 PMCID: PMC6452544 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9675450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potent cancer cell apoptosis-inducing factor that can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. However, resistance to TRAIL in cancer cells is a huge obstacle in creating effective TRAIL-targeted clinical therapies. Thus, agents that can either enhance the effect of TRAIL or overcome its resistance are needed. In this study, we combined TRAIL with SNX-2112, an Hsp90 inhibitor we previously developed, to explore the effect and mechanism that SNX-2112 enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Our results showed that SNX-2112 markedly enhanced TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells, and this combination was found to be synergistic. Additionally, we found that SNX-2112 sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis caspase-dependently in TRAIL-resistant HeLa cells. Mechanismly, SNX-2112 downregulated antiapoptosis proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and FLIP, promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the expression levels of p-JNK and p53. ROS scavenger NAC rescued SNX-2112/TRAIL-induced apoptosis and suppressed SNX-2112-induced p-JNK and p53. Moreover, SNX-2112 induced the upregulation of death-receptor DR5 in HeLa cells. The silencing of DR5 by siRNA significantly decreased cell apoptosis by the combined effect of SNX-2112 and TRAIL. In addition, SNX-2112 inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and induced autophagy in HeLa cells. The blockage of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 or Atg7 siRNA abolished SNX-2112-induced upregulation of DR5. Meanwhile, ROS scavenger NAC, JNK inhibitor SP600125, and p53 inhibitor PFTα were used to verify that autophagy-mediated upregulation of DR5 was regulated by the SNX-2112-stimulated activation of the ROS-JNK-p53 signaling pathway. Thus, the combination of SNX-2112 and TRAIL may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of human cervical cancer by overcoming cellular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance.
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75
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Shi JH, Hao YJ. DDX10 overexpression predicts worse prognosis in osteosarcoma and its deletion prohibits cell activities modulated by MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:525-529. [PMID: 30738579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an invasive cancer in the skeletal system. The molecular mechanism of its etiology and pathogenesis are still not clear, so the effective treatment strategy of OS needs further research. First, we analyzed the expression level and prognostic ability of the RNA helicase DDX10 in OS patients based on the data obtained from GEO database. Next, we used CCK8 to test OS cell viability. Besides, we used wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay to detect cell migration of OS MG63 cell line. And the cell invasion was tested by transwell invasion assay. Moreover, we used QRT-PCR and western blot to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels. We found that DDX10 was significantly over-expressed in OS patients and elevated level of DDX10 was associated with a poor prognosis. Silencing of DDX10 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of MG63 cells in vitro. Down-regulation of DDX10 inhibited MAPK signaling pathway. The expression of p-MEK and p-ERK were also decreased by silencing of DDX10. Therefore, Silencing of DDX10 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of MG63 cells, which might be regulated by suppression of MAPK pathway. In conclusion, our results unfold a novel area of studying for understanding how DDX10 functions in OS oncogenic and prognostic significance, accordingly implying a promising therapeutic target for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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76
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Chung Y, Lee J, Jung S, Lee Y, Cho JW, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1189. [PMID: 30538224 PMCID: PMC6289995 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated, intracellular degradation process that delivers unnecessary or dysfunctional cargo to the lysosome. Autophagy has been viewed as an adaptive survival response to various stresses, whereas in other cases, it promotes cell death. Therefore, both deficient and excessive autophagy may lead to cell death. In this study, we specifically attempted to explore whether and how dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal cell death induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicated that MN9D neuronal cells and primary cultures of cortical neurons challenged with 6-OHDA displayed typical features of autophagy. Cotreatment with chloroquine and monitoring autophagic flux by a tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 probe indicated that the autophagic phenomena were primarily caused by dysregulated autophagic flux. Consequently, cotreatment with an antioxidant but not with a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked 6-OHDA-stimulated dysregulated autophagy. These results indicated that 6-OHDA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a critical role in triggering neuronal death by causing dysregulated autophagy and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. The results of the MTT reduction, caspase-3 activation, and TUNEL assays indicated that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or deletion of the autophagy-related gene Atg5 significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that abnormal induction of autophagic flux promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death, and that the treatments limiting dysregulated autophagy may have a strong neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Shinae Jung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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77
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Aescin-induced reactive oxygen species play a pro-survival role in human cancer cells via ATM/AMPK/ULK1-mediated autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1874-1884. [PMID: 29921885 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aescin, a natural mixture of triterpene saponins, has been reported to exert anticancer effect. Recent studies show that aescin increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, whether the increased ROS play a role in the anticancer action of aescin remains to be explored. In this study, we demonstrated that aescin (20-80 μg/mL) dose-dependently induced apoptosis and activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells. The activation of autophagy favored cancer cell survival in response to aescin, as suppression of autophagy with ATG5 siRNAs or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a selective inhibitor of autophagy, promoted aescin-induced apoptosis in vitro, and significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of aescin in vivo. Meanwhile, aescin dose-dependently elevated intracellular ROS levels and activated Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase/AMP-activated protein kinase/UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ATM/AMPK/ULK1) pathway. The ROS and ATM/AMPK/ULK1 pathway were upstream modulators of the aescin-induced autophagy, as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or ATM kinase inhibitor (KU-55933) remarkably suppressed aescin-induced autophagy and consequently promoted aescin-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ATG5 partly attenuated NAC-induced enhancement in aescin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the roles of aescin-mediated oxidative stress and autophagy in cancer cell survival. Our results suggest that combined administration of the antioxidants or autophagic inhibitors with aescin might be a potential strategy to enhance the anticancer effect of aescin.
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78
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Yang Y, Zhu F, Wang Q, Ding Y, Ying R, Zeng L. Inhibition of EZH2 and EGFR produces a synergistic effect on cell apoptosis by increasing autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8455-8463. [PMID: 30555238 PMCID: PMC6278712 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s186498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous reports have shown that a combination of two or more drugs leads to better cancer treatment. Inhibitors of zeste homology 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor have been widely used in cancer treatments. However, the mechanisms of the combined use of these two drugs remain elusive. Methods Sulforhodamine B assays and Alexa Fluor®-488 Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit were used to detect the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in vitro, respectively. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the relative protein expression, and xenografted tumor was generated in nude mice to evaluate the effect in vivo. Results Treatment with either Gefitinib ranging from 0 to 12.5 µM or GSK126 ranging from 0 to 8.3 µM caused a dose-dependent decrease in the cell survival fraction, and the combination of Gefitinib at 12.5 µM and GSK126 at 8.3 µM caused further significant decrease. The combination indexes were 0.061, 0.591, 0.713, and 0.371 for MGC803, A549, PC-3, and MDB-MA-231, respectively. In MGC803 cells, the combination of GSK126 and Gefitinib synergistically induced cell apoptosis (56.2%), which was markedly higher as compared to either drug alone (7.6% and 10.6%, P<0.05). Treatment with either Gefitinib or GSK126 alone induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis in LC3-II and p-ULK, whereas the combination of the two induced a further increase. Pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, prevented the apoptosis induced by the combined use of Gefitinib and GSK126. In addition, the combined use of Gefitinib and GSK126 also inhibited the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combined use of GSK126 and Gefitinib synergistically inhibited xenografted tumor proliferation. Conclusion The combined use of GSK126 and Gefitinib exerts a synergic effect on tumor growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo through inducing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, GSK126 and Gefitinib in combination may be considered as a potential strategy in treating solid tumor clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Rongbiao Ying
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
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79
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Hu S, Wang L, Zhang X, Wu Y, Yang J, Li J. Autophagy induces transforming growth factor-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocarcinoma cells through cAMP response element binding signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5518-5532. [PMID: 30134011 PMCID: PMC6201351 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy promotes invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study investigated the mechanism by which autophagy induces TGF-β-triggered EMT and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells. Autophagy was induced in HepG2 and BEL7402 cells by starvation in Hank's balanced salt solution. Induction of autophagy degraded phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and increased intracellular cAMP, PKA activity and PKA phosphorylation, resulting in increased cAMP response element binding (CREB) phosphorylation in hepatocarcinoma cells. Autophagy-induced activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling further enhanced TGF-β1 expression, downregulated the expression of epithelial markers and upregulated the expression of mesenchymal markers, accelerating invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of autophagy by Atg3 and Atg7 knockdown or by chloroquine treatment prevented degradation of PDE4A and activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling, suppressing TGF-β1 expression, EMT and invasion in hepatocarcinoma cells. In addition, inhibition of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling also blocked autophagy-induced TGF-β1 expression and prevented EMT and invasion of hepatocarcinoma cells under starvation. Furthermore, exogenous inhibition of PDE4A or activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling rescued TGF-β1 expression, EMT and invasion in autophagy-deficient hepatocarcinoma cells. These findings suggest that autophagy induces TGF-β1 expression and EMT in hepatocarcinoma cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling, which is activated by autophagy-dependent PDE4A degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncological SurgeryChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Department of RadiotherapyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of the First General SurgeryGansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology Oncological SurgeryChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing Cancer InstituteChongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
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80
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Wu Y, Hu Y, Zhou H, Zhu J, Tong Z, Qin S, Liu D. Organosulfur compounds induce cytoprotective autophagy against apoptosis by inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation activity in macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1085-1093. [PMID: 30260385 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are the bioactive components of garlic. Some OSCs have apoptotic or autophagy-inducing effects. Autophagy plays roles in both cytoprotection and apoptosis-related cell death, and the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis is important in the modulation of immune responses. The mechanism of an OSC-mediated effect via the interaction of autophagy and apoptosis is unknown. In this study, the effects of five OSC compounds on autophagy in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary macrophages were investigated. We found that S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl disulde (DADS) and diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) treatment increased the number of autophagosomes of RAW264.7 cells, inhibited the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p70S6K/S6K1) which is a substrate of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and significantly enhanced autophagy flux. The induction of autophagy by SAC, DADS and DTS was inhibited by stably knocking down the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Further experiments confirmed that SAC, DADS and DTS also induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. The induction of apoptosis and Caspase 3 activity by SAC, DADS and DTS were increased by stably knocking down of ATG5 expression with shRNA in RAW264.7 cells or treating with 5 mM 3-MA in primary macrophages. Our results suggest that SAC, DADS and DTS induce both autophagy and apoptosis. The autophagy induction protects macrophages from apoptosis by inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation activity to maintain the mass of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongquan Hu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyi Tong
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha, China
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81
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Oleandrin synergizes with cisplatin in human osteosarcoma cells by enhancing cell apoptosis through activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:1009-1020. [PMID: 30267330 PMCID: PMC6267710 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Our previous studies have reported the antitumor effect of oleandrin on osteosarcoma; however, its chemosensitizing effect in osteosarcoma treatment is still unknown. Therefore, we explored the sensitizing effects of oleandrin to cisplatin in osteosarcoma and investigated the potential mechanisms. Methods After exposure to oleandrin and/or cisplatin, CCK-8 and colony formation assays, DAPI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis in 143B, U-2OS and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The median-effect analysis was applied to evaluate the combined effect. Western blot was used to determine the expression of related proteins. Osteosarcoma xenografts and histological observations were applied to confirm the combined effect in vivo. Results Compared with cisplatin or oleandrin alone, the combined treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. The median-effect analysis indicated a synergistic cytotoxic effect. The combined treatment downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9. And the suppression of caspases reduced cell death. Furthermore, oleandrin alone or with cisplatin, activated the p38 MAPK/Elk-1 pathway. The inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis. In vivo, the combined treatment was also verified to significantly inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis and activate the p38 MAPK pathway. Conclusions The combination of oleandrin with cisplatin exerts a synergistic antitumor effect in osteosarcoma, which relates to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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82
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Kim DH, Shin EA, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Reactive oxygen species-mediated phosphorylation of p38 signaling is critically involved in apoptotic effect of Tanshinone I in colon cancer cells. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1975-1982. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
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83
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Sun CY, Zhu Y, Li XF, Wang XQ, Tang LP, Su ZQ, Li CY, Zheng GJ, Feng B. Scutellarin Increases Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via ERK/p53 and c-met/AKT Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29487530 PMCID: PMC5816782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, as the first-line anti-tumor agent, is widely used for treatment of a variety of malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the acquired resistance has been a major obstacle for the clinical application. Scutellarin is a active flavone extracted from Erigeron breviscapus Hand-Mazz that has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities on various types of tumors. Here, we reported that scutellarin was capable of sensitizing A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by enhancing apoptosis and autophagy. Mechanistic analyses indicated that cisplatin-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis was elevated in the presence of scutellarin through activating extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-mediated p53 pathway. Furthermore, scutellarin also promoted cisplatin-induced cytotoxic autophagy, downregulated expression of p-AKT and c-met. Deficiency of c-met reduced p-AKT level, and inhibition of p-AKT or c-met improved autophagy in A549/DDP cells. Interestingly, loss of autophagy attenuated the synergism of this combination. In vivo, the co-treatment of cisplatin and scutellarin notably reduced the tumor size when compared with cisplatin treatment alone. Notably, scutellarin significantly reduced the toxicity generated by cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice. This study identifies the unique role of scutellarin in reversing cisplatin resistance through apoptosis and autophagy, and suggests that combined cisplatin and scutellarin might be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Peng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zu-Qing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Juan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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84
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Varinská L, Fáber L, Kello M, Petrovová E, Balážová Ľ, Solár P, Čoma M, Urdzík P, Mojžiš J, Švajdlenka E, Mučaji P, Gál P. β-Escin Effectively Modulates HUVECS Proliferation and Tube Formation. Molecules 2018; 23:E197. [PMID: 29342121 PMCID: PMC6017140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of β-escin (the major active compound of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds). Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-angiogenic effect of β-escin. We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs and in vivo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. Moreover, the effect on gene expressions was determined by the RT2 ProfilerTM human angiogenesis PCR Array. It was found that β-escin exerts inhibitory effect on the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation, as well as CAM angiogenesis in vivo. The inhibition of critical steps of angiogenic process observed with β-escin could be partially explained by suppression of Akt activation in response to bFGF. Moreover, the anti-angiogenic effects of β-escin could also be mediated via inhibition of EFNB2 and FGF-1 gene expressions in endothelial cells. In conclusion, β-escin affects endothelial cells as a negative mediator of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and may therefore be considered as a promising candidate for further research elucidating its underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Fáber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Petrovová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudmila Balážová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Urdzík
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Emil Švajdlenka
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Eurofins SK, Testing Laboratory Bratislava, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc., 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 831 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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