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Impact of ABCB1 1236C > T-2677G > T-3435C > T polymorphisms on the anti-proliferative activity of imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29559. [PMID: 27405085 PMCID: PMC4941718 DOI: 10.1038/srep29559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ABCB1 (also called P-glycoprotein) confers resistance to multiple anticancer drugs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Several ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms affect the transporter activity. The most common ABCB1 variants are 1236C > T, 2677G > T, 3435C > T and have been associated with clinical response to imatinib in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) in some studies. We evaluated the impact of these polymorphisms on the anti-proliferative effect and the intracellular accumulation of TKIs (imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib) in transfected HEK293 and K562 cells. ABCB1 overexpression increased the resistance of cells to doxorubicin, vinblastine and TKIs. Imatinib anti-proliferative effect and accumulation were decreased to a larger extent in cells expressing the ABCB1 wild-type protein compared with the 1236T-2677T-3435T variant relatively to control cells. By contrast, ABCB1 polymorphisms influenced the activity of nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib to a much lesser extent. In conclusion, our data suggest that wild-type ABCB1 exports imatinib more efficiently than the 1236T-2677T-3435T variant protein, providing a molecular basis for the reported association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and the response to imatinib in CML. Our results also point to a weaker impact of ABCB1 polymorphisms on the activity of nilotinib, dasatinib and ponatinib.
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Salavert F, Hidago MR, Amadoz A, Çubuk C, Medina I, Crespo D, Carbonell-Caballero J, Dopazo J. Actionable pathways: interactive discovery of therapeutic targets using signaling pathway models. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:W212-6. [PMID: 27137885 PMCID: PMC4987920 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of actionable targets is crucial for targeted therapies and is also a constituent part of the drug discovery process. The success of an intervention over a target depends critically on its contribution, within the complex network of gene interactions, to the cellular processes responsible for disease progression or therapeutic response. Here we present PathAct, a web server that predicts the effect that interventions over genes (inhibitions or activations that simulate knock-outs, drug treatments or over-expressions) can have over signal transmission within signaling pathways and, ultimately, over the cell functionalities triggered by them. PathAct implements an advanced graphical interface that provides a unique interactive working environment in which the suitability of potentially actionable genes, that could eventually become drug targets for personalized or individualized therapies, can be easily tested. The PathAct tool can be found at: http://pathact.babelomics.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Salavert
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidago
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Alicia Amadoz
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Ignacio Medina
- HPC Service, University Information Services, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0RB, UK
| | - Daniel Crespo
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Jose Carbonell-Caballero
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, 46012, Spain Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, 46012, Spain Functional Genomics Node, (INB, PRB2, ISCIII) at CIPF, Valencia 46012, Spain
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53
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Sasahara Y, Narimatsu H, Fukao A, Yoshioka T. Approving molecularly targeted drugs: different approval processes for cytotoxic agents. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 21:1004-1013. [PMID: 27105626 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-0980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the approval of some molecularly targeted drugs has been questioned, due to differing opinions on their risks and benefits. The approval process remains a challenge in regulatory science. METHODS We analyzed the molecularly targeted drugs listed in the 2013 Medical Formulary. For the 21 identified drugs, 32 published Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) reports were open to the public. Data regarding clinical trials were extracted from these reports and assessed in order to clarify the characteristic examinations required for the approval of molecularly targeted drugs. RESULTS There was no correlation between the application year and the time between application and approval (p = 0.139). The median number of clinical trials in these reports was 5 (range 1-22). Phase III studies were not included in the assessment materials for 11 reports. A survival benefit was demonstrated for six of the 32 drugs. The PMDA issued approval terms, including all-case surveillance and additional clinical trials, for 24 of these 32 drugs. CONCLUSION Molecularly targeted drugs were approved by the PMDA using a flexible process based on drug safety and efficacy. Doctors and patients who are administering or receiving these drugs should be fully informed about the lack of Japanese data assessment during these approval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sasahara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800 Aoyagi, Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Narimatsu
- Cancer Prevention and Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Fukao
- Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Jacobson JO, Neuss MN, Hauser R. Measuring and Improving Value of Care in Oncology Practices: ASCO Programs from Quality Oncology Practice Initiative to the Rapid Learning System. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e70-6. [PMID: 24451835 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rising cancer care costs are no longer sustainable. Medical oncologists must focus on providing the maximum value to their patients; improving short-term, intermediate and long-term outcomes; and managing overall costs. Accurate measurement of outcomes and overall cost is essential to informing providers and institutions and in the quest for continuous improvement in value. The ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) is an excellent tool for sampling processes of care in medical oncology practices. To achieve the larger goal of improving the value of cancer care, ASCO is investing in the development of a Rapid Learning System, which will leverage emerging information technologies to more accurately measure outcomes (including those reported by the patient) and costs, resulting in highly efficient, effective, and safe cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Jacobson
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Quality and Guidelines, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Michael N Neuss
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Quality and Guidelines, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Robert Hauser
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Quality and Guidelines, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
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55
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Ye Z, Gettys KE, Dai M. Opportunities and challenges for direct C-H functionalization of piperazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:702-15. [PMID: 27340462 PMCID: PMC4901899 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine ranks within the top three most utilized N-heterocyclic moieties in FDA-approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Herein we summarize the current synthetic methods available to perform C-H functionalization on piperazines in order to lend structural diversity to this privileged drug scaffold. Multiple approaches such as those involving α-lithiation trapping, transition-metal-catalyzed α-C-H functionalizations, and photoredox catalysis are discussed. We also highlight the difficulties experienced when successful methods for α-C-H functionalization of acyclic amines and saturated mono-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (such as piperidines and pyrrolidines) were applied to piperazine substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kristen E Gettys
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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56
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Zheng Q, Cao J, Hamad N, Kim HJ, Moon JH, Sohn SK, Jung CW, Lipton JH, Kim DDH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in apoptosis pathway are associated with response to imatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2016; 14:82. [PMID: 27009330 PMCID: PMC4806489 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of action of imatinib is known to involve the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway. Consequently inter-individual variations in this apoptosis pathway might be associated with imatinib response or resistance. Methods This study attempted to focus on eight genotypes in the apoptosis pathway including FAS (rs1800682, rs2229521, rs2234767 and rs2234978), FASLG (rs763110), CASP10 (rs13006529), and APAF1 (rs1439123, rs2288713) and analyzed their association with treatment outcomes including molecular response with 4.5 log reduction (MR4.5), following imatinib therapy in 187 Korean CML patients. Results The GG/GA genotype in FAS (rs2234767) showed a higher rate of MR4.5 than the AA genotype (at 5 years 59.7 vs 37.4 %, p = 0.013). Using a bootstrap procedure for internal validation we confirmed that FAS (rs2234767) correlates with MR4.5 (p = 0.050). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the FAS genotype (rs2234767) is an independent surrogate for MR4.5 (p = 0.019, HR 0.43, 95 % CI [0.22–0.87]). Conclusions The Fas/FasL signaling pathway may represent the major pathway that mediates apoptosis in CML treated with imatinib. SNP markers in the apoptosis pathway including FAS genotype (rs2234767) can be potential surrogates for predicting deeper molecular response after imatinib therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0837-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Nada Hamad
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Sohn
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeffrey H Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Jones S, Anagnostou V, Lytle K, Parpart-Li S, Nesselbush M, Riley DR, Shukla M, Chesnick B, Kadan M, Papp E, Galens KG, Murphy D, Zhang T, Kann L, Sausen M, Angiuoli SV, Diaz LA, Velculescu VE. Personalized genomic analyses for cancer mutation discovery and interpretation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:283ra53. [PMID: 25877891 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing approaches are beginning to be used clinically to characterize individual patient tumors and to select therapies based on the identified mutations. A major question in these analyses is the extent to which these methods identify clinically actionable alterations and whether the examination of the tumor tissue alone is sufficient or whether matched normal DNA should also be analyzed to accurately identify tumor-specific (somatic) alterations. To address these issues, we comprehensively evaluated 815 tumor-normal paired samples from patients of 15 tumor types. We identified genomic alterations using next-generation sequencing of whole exomes or 111 targeted genes that were validated with sensitivities >95% and >99%, respectively, and specificities >99.99%. These analyses revealed an average of 140 and 4.3 somatic mutations per exome and targeted analysis, respectively. More than 75% of cases had somatic alterations in genes associated with known therapies or current clinical trials. Analyses of matched normal DNA identified germline alterations in cancer-predisposing genes in 3% of patients with apparently sporadic cancers. In contrast, a tumor-only sequencing approach could not definitively identify germline changes in cancer-predisposing genes and led to additional false-positive findings comprising 31% and 65% of alterations identified in targeted and exome analyses, respectively, including in potentially actionable genes. These data suggest that matched tumor-normal sequencing analyses are essential for precise identification and interpretation of somatic and germline alterations and have important implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Karli Lytle
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - David R Riley
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manish Shukla
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Maura Kadan
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eniko Papp
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Derek Murphy
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Theresa Zhang
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lisa Kann
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark Sausen
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Luis A Diaz
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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58
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Xie J, Lu X, Wu X, Lin X, Zhang C, Huang X, Chang Z, Wang X, Wen C, Tang X, Shi M, Zhan Q, Chen H, Deng X, Peng C, Li H, Fang Y, Shao Y, Shen B. Capture-based next-generation sequencing reveals multiple actionable mutations in cancer patients failed in traditional testing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:262-72. [PMID: 27247954 PMCID: PMC4867560 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of cancer over past 10 years. Their therapeutic advantages are more tumor specific and with less side effects. For precisely tailoring available targeted therapies to each individual or a subset of cancer patients, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been utilized as a promising diagnosis tool with its advantages of accuracy, sensitivity, and high throughput. METHODS We developed and validated a NGS-based cancer genomic diagnosis targeting 115 prognosis and therapeutics relevant genes on multiple specimen including blood, tumor tissue, and body fluid from 10 patients with different cancer types. The sequencing data was then analyzed by the clinical-applicable analytical pipelines developed in house. RESULTS We have assessed analytical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the NGS-based molecular diagnosis. Also, our developed analytical pipelines were capable of detecting base substitutions, indels, and gene copy number variations (CNVs). For instance, several actionable mutations of EGFR,PIK3CA,TP53, and KRAS have been detected for indicating drug susceptibility and resistance in the cases of lung cancer. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that NGS-based molecular diagnosis is more sensitive and comprehensive to detect genomic alterations in cancer, and supports a direct clinical use for guiding targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Department of PathologyRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiongxiong Lu
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Research and Development Geneseeq Technology Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xiaoyi Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Research and Development Geneseeq Technology Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Department of Research and Development Geneseeq Technology Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Zhili Chang
- Department of Research and Development Geneseeq Technology Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Minmin Shi
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Zhan
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongwei Li
- Pancreatic Disease Centre Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Research and DevelopmentGeneseeq Technology Inc.TorontoOntarioCanada; Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic DiseaseRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Pancreatic Disease CentreRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina; Shanghai Institute of Digestive SurgeryRuijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Kelgokmen Y, Zora M. Facile synthesis of heavily-substituted alkynylpyridines via a Sonogashira approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust synthesis of highly-substituted alkynylpyridines via a Sonogashira approach is described, providing a library of functionalized pyridines for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Kelgokmen
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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60
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D'Aronco S, Calandra E, Crotti S, Toffoli G, Marangon E, Posocco B, Traldi P, Agostini M. Field-assisted paper spray mass spectrometry for the quantitative evaluation of imatinib levels in plasma. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2016; 22:217-228. [PMID: 27882887 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug levels in patients' bloodstreams vary among individuals and consequently therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is fundamental to controlling the effective therapeutic range. For TDM purposes, different analytical approaches have been used, mainly based on immunoassay, liquid chromatography- ultraviolet, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. More recently a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation method has been proposed for the determination of irinotecan levels in the plasma of subjects under therapy and this method has been cross- validated by comparison with data achieved by LC-MS/MS. However, to reach an effective point-of-care monitoring of plasma drug concentrations, a TDM platform technology for fast, accurate, low-cost assays is required. In this frame, recently the use of paper spray mass spectrometry, which is becoming a popular and widely employed MS method, has been proposed. In this paper we report the results obtained by the development of a paper spray-based method for quantitative analysis in plasma samples of imatinib, a new generation of anticancer drug. Preliminary experiments showed that poor sensitivity, reproducibility and linear response were obtained by the "classical" paper spray set-up. In order to achieve better results, it was thought of interest to operate in presence of a higher and more homogeneous electrical field. For this aim, a stainless steel needle connected with the high voltage power supply was mounted below the paper triangle. Furthermore, in order to obtain valid quantitative data, we analysed the role of the different equilibria participating to the phenomena occurring in paper spray experiments, depending either on instrumental parameters or on the chemical nature of analyte and solvents. A calibration curve was obtained by spiking plasma samples containing different amounts of imatinib (1) with known amounts of deuterated imatinib (1d3) as internal standard, with molar ratios [1]/[1d3] in the range 0.00-2.00. A quite good linearity was obtained (R2 = 0.975) and some experiments performed on spiked plasma samples with known amounts of 1 confirmed the validity of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Aronco
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab., Institute of Paediatric Research - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Calandra
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab., Institute of Paediatric Research - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab., Institute of Paediatric Research - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano, 33081, PN, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab., Institute of Paediatric Research - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Agostini
- Nano-inspired Biomedicine Lab., Institute of Paediatric Research - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy and Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy and Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
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Vivot A, Li J, Zeitoun JD, Mourah S, Crequit P, Ravaud P, Porcher R. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers as inclusion criteria in clinical trials of oncology-targeted drugs: a mapping of ClinicalTrials.gov. Genet Med 2015; 18:796-805. [PMID: 26681315 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe pharmacogenomics-based inclusion criteria (enrichment) and the main characteristics of clinical trials involving oncology-targeted therapies. METHODS Clinical trials of oncology-targeted therapies approved after 2005 with pharmacogenomic testing required or recommended in their label were retrieved from a mapping of the ClinicalTrials.gov database. RESULTS We examined information for 12 drugs and 858 trials. Overall, 434 trials (51%) were enriched on the biomarker first mentioned in the label and 145 (17%) were enriched on another biomarker, whereas 270 trials (31%) included all patients. The median proportion of trials corresponding to both the drug's indication and drug's target was 35%. Of the 361 trials that tested drugs in another disease than the first one in the label, 219 (61%) were without enrichment and 87 (24%) were actually enriched but on another biomarker than the first one in the label. CONCLUSION Several drugs have been tested in trials enriched on many different biomarkers. Nonetheless, most targeted therapies have been developed only using biomarker-positive patients; therefore, exclusion of biomarker-negative patients from treatment relies on only preclinical data and on biological understanding of the disease and target.Genet Med 18 8, 796-805.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vivot
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Li
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Zeitoun
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Department of Pharmacology-Genetics, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 976, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Crequit
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raphaël Porcher
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), METHODS Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Spector NL, Robertson FC, Bacus S, Blackwell K, Smith DA, Glenn K, Cartee L, Harris J, Kimbrough CL, Gittelman M, Avisar E, Beitsch P, Koch KM. Lapatinib Plasma and Tumor Concentrations and Effects on HER Receptor Phosphorylation in Tumor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142845. [PMID: 26571496 PMCID: PMC4646457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The paradigm shift in cancer treatment from cytotoxic drugs to tumor targeted therapies poses new challenges, including optimization of dose and schedule based on a biologically effective dose, rather than the historical maximum tolerated dose. Optimal dosing is currently determined using concentrations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma as a surrogate for tumor concentrations. To examine this plasma-tumor relationship, we explored the association between lapatinib levels in tumor and plasma in mice and humans, and those effects on phosphorylation of human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER) in human tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mice bearing BT474 HER2+ human breast cancer xenografts were dosed once or twice daily (BID) with lapatinib. Drug concentrations were measured in blood, tumor, liver, and kidney. In a randomized phase I clinical trial, 28 treatment-naïve female patients with early stage HER2+ breast cancer received lapatinib 1000 or 1500 mg once daily (QD) or 500 mg BID before evaluating steady-state lapatinib levels in plasma and tumor. RESULTS In mice, lapatinib levels were 4-fold higher in tumor than blood with a 4-fold longer half-life. Tumor concentrations exceeded the in vitro IC90 (~ 900 nM or 500 ng/mL) for inhibition of HER2 phosphorylation throughout the 12-hour dosing interval. In patients, tumor levels were 6- and 10-fold higher with QD and BID dosing, respectively, compared to plasma trough levels. The relationship between tumor and plasma concentration was complex, indicating multiple determinants. HER receptor phosphorylation varied depending upon lapatinib tumor concentrations, suggestive of changes in the repertoire of HER homo- and heterodimers. CONCLUSION Plasma lapatinib concentrations underestimated tumor drug levels, suggesting that optimal dosing should be focused on the site of action to avoid to inappropriate dose escalation. Larger clinical trials are required to determine optimal dose and schedule to achieve tumor concentrations that maximally inhibit HER receptors. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00359190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L. Spector
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Faith C. Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah Bacus
- Targeted Molecular Diagnostics/Quintiles, Westmont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelli Glenn
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leanne Cartee
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Pivot Oncology Consulting, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Mark Gittelman
- Breast Cancer Specialists, Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eli Avisar
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter Beitsch
- Dallas Surgical Group, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Koch
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Xie Y, Bayakhmetov S. PIM1 kinase as a promise of targeted therapy in prostate cancer stem cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:13-17. [PMID: 26835011 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the last decade, the PIM family serine/threonine kinases have become a focus in cancer research. Numerous clinical data supports that overexpression of PIM1 is associated with tumor formation in various tissues. However, little is known regarding the function of PIM1 in cancer stem cells. In cancer cells, PIM1 has essential roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell survival and multiple drug resistance. In stem cells, PIM1 kinase exhibits a significant function in stem cell proliferation, self-renewal and expansion. Thus, PIM1 shows a great promise in cancer therapy by targeting stem cells. Furthermore, it is imperative to investigate Pim-1 targeting in cancer stem cells by applicable inhibitors for improving future outcomes. The present review investigated the potential of PIM1 as a therapy target in prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Samat Bayakhmetov
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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64
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Karadeniz E, Zora M, Kılıçaslan NZ. Facile synthesis of aryl-substituted pyridines via Suzuki–Miyaura approach. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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65
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Zeisberg M, Zeisberg EM. Precision renal medicine: a roadmap towards targeted kidney fibrosis therapies. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2015; 8:16. [PMID: 26330891 PMCID: PMC4556008 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-015-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on extensive pre-clinical achievements over the past decades, it appears to be due time for a successful clinical translation in the renal fibrosis field-but what is the quickest road to get there? In light of the recent launch of the Precision Medicine Initiative and success of molecularly informed drugs in oncology, we here discuss what it may take to bring molecularly targeted anti-fibrotic to clinical use in chronic progressive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zeisberg
- />Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Zeisberg
- />Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
- />German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Robert Koch Street 40, Göttingen, Germany
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Vergote I, Leamon CP. Vintafolide: a novel targeted therapy for the treatment of folate receptor expressing tumors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2015; 7:206-18. [PMID: 26136852 DOI: 10.1177/1758834015584763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of molecularly targeted therapies, limited improvements in overall survival have been noted among many cancer patients with solid tumors, primarily due to development of drug resistance. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for new targeted therapies and treatment approaches for cancer, especially for overcoming resistance. Expression of the folate receptor is upregulated in many tumor types and thus represents an ideal target for cancer treatment. Several folate receptor targeted therapies are in development, including the small molecule drug conjugate vintafolide, the monoclonal antibody farletuzumab, and the antibody-drug conjugate IMGN853. The role of the folate receptor as a target in cancer progression and resistance as well as emerging preclinical and clinical data from studies on those folate receptor targeted agents that are in development with a focus on vintafolide are reviewed. The folate receptor has several unique properties, such as high expression in several tumor types, that make it a rational target for cancer treatment, and allow for selective delivery of folate receptor targeted agents. Early-stage clinical data in lung and ovarian cancer suggest that vintafolide has the potential for combination with other standard approved agents.
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67
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Facile synthesis of iodopyridines from N-propargylic β-enaminones via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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68
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Chavan S, Friedman R, Nicholls IA. Acute Toxicity-Supported Chronic Toxicity Prediction: A k-Nearest Neighbor Coupled Read-Across Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11659-77. [PMID: 26006240 PMCID: PMC4463722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification model was constructed for 118 RDT NEDO (Repeated Dose Toxicity New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization; currently known as the Hazard Evaluation Support System (HESS)) database chemicals, employing two acute toxicity (LD50)-based classes as a response and using a series of eight PaDEL software-derived fingerprints as predictor variables. A model developed using Estate type fingerprints correctly predicted the LD50 classes for 70 of 94 training set chemicals and 19 of 24 test set chemicals. An individual category was formed for each of the chemicals by extracting its corresponding k-analogs that were identified by k-NN classification. These categories were used to perform the read-across study for prediction of the chronic toxicity, i.e., Lowest Observed Effect Levels (LOEL). We have successfully predicted the LOELs of 54 of 70 training set chemicals (77%) and 14 of 19 test set chemicals (74%) to within an order of magnitude from their experimental LOEL values. Given the success thus far, we conclude that if the k-NN model predicts LD50 classes correctly for a certain chemical, then the k-analogs of such a chemical can be successfully used for data gap filling for the LOEL. This model should support the in silico prediction of repeated dose toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Chavan
- Bioorganic and Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Ran Friedman
- Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic and Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
For decades, Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice against one of the most afflicting helminthic diseases worldwide, schistosomiasis. With respect to the fear of upcoming PZQ resistance, efforts are needed to find new chemotherapeutic options. Protein kinases (PKs) are essential molecules in signaling processes and indispensable to life. Aberrant PK functions take distinctive roles in human diseases and represent targets in chemotherapies. In schistosomes, conserved PKs were found to possess similar pivotal roles contributing not only to reproduction processes, but also to the pathology of schistosomiasis, which is closely associated to egg production. Exploiting the similarity of PKs of humans and schistosomes, PK inhibitors designed to treat human diseases may serve as lead compounds for new drugs against schistosomiasis.
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70
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Kim SY. Cancer metabolism: strategic diversion from targeting cancer drivers to targeting cancer suppliers. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:99-109. [PMID: 25767677 PMCID: PMC4354324 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development groups are close to discovering another pot of gold-a therapeutic target-similar to the success of imatinib (Gleevec) in the field of cancer biology. Modern molecular biology has improved cancer therapy through the identification of more pharmaceutically viable targets, and yet major problems and risks associated with late-phase cancer therapy remain. Presently, a growing number of reports have initiated a discussion about the benefits of metabolic regulation in cancers. The Warburg effect, a great discovery approximately 70 years ago, addresses the “universality” of cancer characteristics. For instance, most cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis instead of mitochondrial respiration. Recently, cancer metabolism has been explained not only by metabolites but also through modern molecular and chemical biological techniques. Scientists are seeking context-dependent universality among cancer types according to metabolic and enzymatic pathway signatures. This review presents current cancer metabolism studies and discusses future directions in cancer therapy targeting bio-energetics, bio-anabolism, and autophagy, emphasizing the important contribution of cancer metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea
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71
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Pagliarini R, Shao W, Sellers WR. Oncogene addiction: pathways of therapeutic response, resistance, and road maps toward a cure. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:280-96. [PMID: 25680965 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A key goal of cancer therapeutics is to selectively target the genetic lesions that initiate and maintain cancer cell proliferation and survival. While most cancers harbor multiple oncogenic mutations, a wealth of preclinical and clinical data supports that many cancers are sensitive to inhibition of single oncogenes, a concept referred to as 'oncogene addiction'. Herein, we describe the clinical evidence supporting oncogene addiction and discuss common mechanistic themes emerging from the response and acquired resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies. Finally, we suggest several opportunities toward exploiting oncogene addiction to achieve curative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Pagliarini
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenlin Shao
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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72
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Kren BT, Unger GM, Abedin MJ, Vogel RI, Henzler CM, Ahmed K, Trembley JH. Preclinical evaluation of cyclin dependent kinase 11 and casein kinase 2 survival kinases as RNA interference targets for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:19. [PMID: 25837326 PMCID: PMC4344788 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted therapies for aggressive breast cancers like triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed. The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to disable expression of survival genes provides a tool for killing these cancer cells. Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a survival protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, splicing and mitosis. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a survival protein kinase that suppresses cancer cell death. Eliminating the expression of these genes has potential therapeutic utility for breast cancer. Methods Expression levels of CDK11 and CK2 mRNAs and associated proteins were examined in breast cancer cell lines and tissue arrays. RNA expression levels of CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CCNL1, CCNL2, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2, and CSNK2B genes in breast cancer subtypes were analyzed. Effects following transfection of siRNAs against CDK11 and CK2 in cultured cells were examined by viability and clonal survival assays and by RNA and protein measures. Uptake of tenfibgen (TBG) nanocapsules by TNBC cells was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. TBG nanocapsules delivered siRNAs targeting CDK11 or CK2 in mice carrying TNBC xenograft tumors. Transcript cleavage and response parameters were evaluated. Results We found strong CDK11 and CK2 mRNA and protein expression in most human breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC patient tissues showed 100% of tumors stained positive for CDK11 with high nuclear intensity compared to normal tissue. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis comparing basal to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast revealed statistically significant differences. Down-regulation of CDK11 and/or CK2 in breast cancer cells caused significant loss of cell viability and clonal survival, reduced relevant mRNA and protein expression, and induced cell death changes. TBG nanocapsules were taken up by TNBC cells both in culture and in xenograft tumors. Treatment with TBG- siRNA to CDK11 or TBG- siRNA to CK2αα’ nanocapsules induced appropriate cleavage of CDK11 and CK2α transcripts in TNBC tumors, and caused MDA-MB-231 tumor reduction, loss of proliferation, and decreased expression of targeted genes. Conclusions CDK11 and CK2 expression are individually essential for breast cancer cell survival, including TNBC. These genes serve as promising new targets for therapeutic development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy T Kren
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | | | - Md J Abedin
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 117 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA ; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
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Stone DJ, Celi LA, Csete M. Engineering control into medicine. J Crit Care 2015; 30:652.e1-7. [PMID: 25680579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body is a tightly controlled engineering miracle. However, medical training generally does not cover "control" (in the engineering sense) in physiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. A better understanding of how evolved controls maintain normal homeostasis is critical for understanding the failure mode of controlled systems, that is, disease. We believe that teaching and research must incorporate an understanding of the control systems in physiology and take advantage of the quantitative tools used by engineering to understand complex systems. Control systems are ubiquitous in physiology, although often unrecognized. Here we provide selected examples of the role of control in physiology (heart rate variability, immunity), pathophysiology (inflammation in sepsis), and therapeutic devices (diabetes and the artificial pancreas). We also present a high-level background to the concept of robustly controlled systems and examples of clinical insights using the controls framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stone
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Center for Wireless Health, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA.
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Laboratory of Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Marie Csete
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA.
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74
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Kumar A, Bishnoi AK. Application of nanoparticle mediated N-arylation of amines for the synthesis of pharmaceutical entities using vit-E analogues as amphiphiles in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first CuI-nanoparticle catalyzed inter and intramolecular N-arylation of amines using vitamin E analogues as amphiphiles was developed in water and is extended to azoles, substituted indoles, a bioactive natural product and intermediates of pharmaceutical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Ajay Kumar Bishnoi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
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75
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Bathula SR, Akondi SM, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. “Pruning of biomolecules and natural products (PBNP)”: an innovative paradigm in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6432-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart Schneider: ‘Nature’ is the most intelligent tailor with an ability to utilize the resources. Researchers are still at an infant stage learning this art. The present review highlights some of the man made pruning of bio-molecules and NPs (PBNP) in finding chemicals with a better therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Reddy Bathula
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
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Ilyinsky NS, Varizhuk AM, Beniaminov AD, Puzanov MA, Shchyolkina AK, Kaluzhny DN. G-quadruplex ligands: Mechanisms of anticancer action and target binding. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kathawala RJ, Gupta P, Ashby CR, Chen ZS. The modulation of ABC transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer: a review of the past decade. Drug Resist Updat 2014; 18:1-17. [PMID: 25554624 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent one of the largest and oldest families of membrane proteins in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans, which couple the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis essentially to translocate, among various substrates, toxic compounds across the membrane. The fundamental functions of these multiple transporter proteins include: (1) conserved mechanisms related to nutrition and pathogenesis in bacteria, (2) spore formation in fungi, and (3) signal transduction, protein secretion and antigen presentation in eukaryotes. Moreover, one of the major causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) and chemotherapeutic failure in cancer therapy is believed to be the ABC transporter-mediated active efflux of a multitude of structurally and mechanistically distinct cytotoxic compounds across membranes. It has been postulated that ABC transporter inhibitors known as chemosensitizers may be used in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. The current paper reviews the advance in the past decade in this important domain of cancer chemoresistance and summarizes the development of new compounds and the re-evaluation of compounds originally designed for other targets as transport inhibitors of ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishil J Kathawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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Revannasiddaiah S, Thakur P, Bhardwaj B, Susheela SP, Madabhavi I. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: implications of the recent advances in molecular biology, treatment and the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:S502-25. [PMID: 25349702 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, lung cancer could conveniently be classified into two broad categories-either the small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), or the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), mainly to assist in further treatment related decision making. However, the understanding regarding the eligibility of adenocarcinoma histology for treatments with agents such as pemetrexed and bevacizumab made it a necessity for NSCLC to be classified into more specific sub-groups. Then, the availability of molecular targeted therapy with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib not only further emphasized the need for accurate sub-classification of lung cancer, but also heralded the important role of molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinomas. Given the remarkable advances in molecular biology, oncology and radiology, a need for felt for a revised classification for lung adenocarcinoma, since the existing World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung cancer, published in the year 2004 was mainly a pathological system of classification. Thus, there was a combined effort by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) with an effort to inculcate newly established perspectives from clinical, molecular and radiological aspects in evolving a modern classification for lung adenocarcinomas. This review provides a summary of the recent advances in molecular biology and molecular targeted therapy with respect to lung adenocarcinoma. Also, a brief summation of the salient recommendations provided in the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinomas is provided. Lastly, a discussion regarding the future prospects with lung adenocarcinoma is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Revannasiddaiah
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhaskar Bhardwaj
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sridhar Papaiah Susheela
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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79
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Nardi G, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Miranda MA. Photosensitization by Imatinib. A Photochemical and Photobiological Study of the Drug and Its Substructures. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1990-5. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500328q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nardi
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Ackerman SE, Currier NV, Bergen JM, Cochran JR. Cystine-knot peptides: emerging tools for cancer imaging and therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:561-72. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.932251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nishimura AA, Tarczy-Hornoch P, Shirts BH. Pragmatic and Ethical Challenges of Incorporating the Genome into the Electronic Medical Record. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2014; 2:201-211. [PMID: 26146597 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-014-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent successes in the use of gene sequencing for patient care highlight the potential of genomic medicine. For genomics to become a part of usual care, pertinent elements of a patient's genomic test must be communicated to the most appropriate care providers. Electronic medical records may serve as a useful tool for storing and disseminating genomic data. Yet, the structure of existing EMRs and the nature of genomic data pose a number of pragmatic and ethical challenges in their integration. Through a review of the recent genome-EMR integration literature, we explore concrete examples of these challenges, categorized under four key questions: What data will we store? How will we store it? How will we use it? How will we protect it? We conclude that genome-EMR integration requires a rigorous, multi-faceted and interdisciplinary approach of study. Problems facing the field are numerous, but few are intractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington
| | - Peter Tarczy-Hornoch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington
| | - Brian H Shirts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington
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82
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Saletta F, Wadham C, Ziegler DS, Marshall GM, Haber M, McCowage G, Norris MD, Byrne JA. Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 1:59-77. [PMID: 26675306 PMCID: PMC4633945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances including high-throughput sequencing have identified numerous tumor-specific genetic changes in pediatric and adolescent cancers that can be exploited as targets for novel therapies. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the application of target-specific therapies for childhood cancers, either as single agents or in combination with other therapies. The review summarizes preclinical evidence on which clinical trials are based, early phase clinical trial results, and the incorporation of predictive biomarkers into clinical practice, according to cancer type. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS There is growing evidence that molecularly targeted therapies can valuably add to the arsenal available for treating childhood cancers, particularly when used in combination with other therapies. Nonetheless the introduction of molecularly targeted agents into practice remains challenging, due to the use of unselected populations in some clinical trials, inadequate methods to evaluate efficacy, and the need for improved preclinical models to both evaluate dosing and safety of combination therapies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The increasing recognition of the heterogeneity of molecular causes of cancer favors the continued development of molecularly targeted agents, and their transfer to pediatric and adolescent populations.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ARMS, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
- AT/RT, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
- AURKA, aurora kinase A
- AURKB, aurora kinase B
- BET, bromodomain and extra terminal
- Biomarkers
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- Childhood cancer
- DFMO, difluoromethylornithine
- DIPG, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERMS, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- Hsp90, heat shock protein 90
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor
- IGF/IGFR, insulin-like growth factor/receptor
- Molecular diagnostics
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ODC1, ornithine decarboxylase 1
- PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PDGFRA/B, platelet derived growth factor alpha/beta
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase
- PLK1, polo-like kinase 1
- Ph +, Philadelphia chromosome-positive
- RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma
- SHH, sonic hedgehog
- SMO, smoothened
- SYK, spleen tyrosine kinase
- TOP1/TOP2, DNA topoisomerase 1/2
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Targeted therapy
- VEGF/VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn M. Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCowage
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray D. Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Byrne
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang L, Han Y, Jiang Q, Wang C, Chen X, Li X, Xu F, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Xu W. Trend of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: isoform selectivity or multitargeted strategy. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:63-84. [PMID: 24782318 DOI: 10.1002/med.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been successfully applied in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, including Parkinson's disease, infection, cardiac diseases, inflammation, and especially cancer. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have been proved to be effective antitumor agents by various stages of investigation. At present, there are two opposite focuses of HDACI design in the cancer therapy, highly selective inhibitor strategy and dual- or multitargeted inhibitors. The former method, which is supposed to elucidate the function of individual HDAC and provide candidate inhibitors with fewer side effects, has been widely accepted by the inhibitor developer. The latter approach, though less practiced, has promising potential for the antitumor therapy based on HDACIs. Effective HDACIs, some of which are in clinic anticancer research, have been developed by both methods. In order to gain insight into HDACI design, the strategies and achievements of the two diverse methods are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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84
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Popa EC, Shah MA. Met, IGF1R, and other new targets in upper GI malignancies. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2014; 14:321-36. [PMID: 23873272 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-013-0245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies comprise some of the most aggressive human cancers. Expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms is finally translating into clinical application, and this has occurred at a relatively rapid rate in the past several years. However, despite recent advances in targeted therapies in upper GI cancers our overall success with targeted therapeutics in this disease area remains dismal. This statement is particularly troubling given some sobering facts: upper GI malignancies are prevalent as well as aggressive with a high morbidity and mortality. Esophagus and gastric cancer combined have an annual global incidence of over 1.2 million new cases annually while median survival is less than 1 year for most patients with metastatic disease. Progress has been limited due to several factors including: disease heterogeneity and variance of phenotype across the globe, clinical trial design strategies that have not yet incorporated selective mechanisms to afford individualized matching of drug to tumor molecular profile and last, a lack of validated predictive markers. Nevertheless there is evidence that many targeted agents can be administered safely at doses that achieve the required effect at the protein level. Several drugs that have negative early trial results can be potentially vital therapeutic agents if patient selection is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeta C Popa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue 12th floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA,
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85
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Liu Y, Guo M. Chemical proteomic strategies for the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. Proteomics 2014; 14:399-411. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
- The Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
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86
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Discovery and identification of PIM-1 kinase inhibitors through a hybrid screening approach. Mol Divers 2014; 18:335-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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87
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Vaudano E. The innovative medicines initiative: a public private partnership model to foster drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303017. [PMID: 24688725 PMCID: PMC3962198 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is a large-scale public–private partnership between the European Commission and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). IMI aims to boost the development of new medicines across Europe by implementing new collaborative endeavours between large pharmaceutical companies and other key actors in the health-care ecosystem, i.e., academic institutions, small and medium enterprises, patients, and regulatory authorities. Currently there are more than 40 IMI projects covering the whole value chain of pharmaceutical R&D, but with a strong focus on drug discovery, as an ideal arena where the PPP concept of pre-competitive collaboration can rapidly deliver results. This article review recent achievements of the IMI consortia of relevance to drug discovery, providing proof-of-concept evidence for the efficiency of this new model of collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Vaudano
- Innovative Medicines Initiative, Avenue de la Toison d'Or 56-60, B-1060, Brussels, Belgium
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88
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Frampton GM, Fichtenholtz A, Otto GA, Wang K, Downing SR, He J, Schnall-Levin M, White J, Sanford EM, An P, Sun J, Juhn F, Brennan K, Iwanik K, Maillet A, Buell J, White E, Zhao M, Balasubramanian S, Terzic S, Richards T, Banning V, Garcia L, Mahoney K, Zwirko Z, Donahue A, Beltran H, Mosquera JM, Rubin MA, Dogan S, Hedvat CV, Berger MF, Pusztai L, Lechner M, Boshoff C, Jarosz M, Vietz C, Parker A, Miller VA, Ross JS, Curran J, Cronin MT, Stephens PJ, Lipson D, Yelensky R. Development and validation of a clinical cancer genomic profiling test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:1023-31. [PMID: 24142049 PMCID: PMC5710001 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1645] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As more clinically relevant cancer genes are identified, comprehensive diagnostic approaches are needed to match patients to therapies, raising the challenge of optimization and analytical validation of assays that interrogate millions of bases of cancer genomes altered by multiple mechanisms. Here we describe a test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing to characterize base substitutions, short insertions and deletions (indels), copy number alterations and selected fusions across 287 cancer-related genes from routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. We implemented a practical validation strategy with reference samples of pooled cell lines that model key determinants of accuracy, including mutant allele frequency, indel length and amplitude of copy change. Test sensitivity achieved was 95-99% across alteration types, with high specificity (positive predictive value >99%). We confirmed accuracy using 249 FFPE cancer specimens characterized by established assays. Application of the test to 2,221 clinical cases revealed clinically actionable alterations in 76% of tumors, three times the number of actionable alterations detected by current diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geoff A Otto
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jie He
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jared White
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter An
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Sun
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank Juhn
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kiel Iwanik
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jamie Buell
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily White
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mandy Zhao
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vera Banning
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Zac Zwirko
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Donahue
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical
College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical
College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, New York, USA
| | - Cyrus V Hedvat
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, New York, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New
York, New York, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center Genetics and Genomics Program, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Chris Boshoff
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mirna Jarosz
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alex Parker
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical
College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - John Curran
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Doron Lipson
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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89
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“Omics” in the study of the major parasitic diseases malaria and schistosomiasis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:258-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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90
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Flanigan SA, Pitts TM, Newton TP, Kulikowski GN, Tan AC, McManus MC, Spreafico A, Kachaeva MI, Selby HM, Tentler JJ, Eckhardt SG, Leong S. Overcoming IGF1R/IR resistance through inhibition of MEK signaling in colorectal cancer models. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6219-29. [PMID: 24045180 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results from clinical trials involving resistance to molecularly targeted therapies have revealed the importance of rational single-agent and combination treatment strategies. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, OSI-906, in combination with a mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor based on evidence that the MAP kinase pathway was upregulated in colorectal cancer cell lines that were resistant to OSI-906. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antiproliferative effects of OSI-906 and the MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 were analyzed both as single agents and in combination in 13 colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. Apoptosis, downstream effector proteins, and cell cycle were also assessed. In addition, the efficacy of OSI-906 combined with the MEK 1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) was evaluated in vivo using human colorectal cancer xenograft models. RESULTS The combination of OSI-906 and U0126 resulted in synergistic effects in 11 of 13 colorectal cancer cell lines tested. This synergy was variably associated with apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest in addition to molecular effects on prosurvival pathways. The synergy was also reflected in the in vivo xenograft studies following treatment with the combination of OSI-906 and selumetinib. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study demonstrate synergistic antiproliferative effects in response to the combination of OSI-906 with an MEK 1/2 inhibitor in colorectal cancer cell line models both in vitro and in vivo, which supports the rational combination of OSI-906 with an MEK inhibitor in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6219-29. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Flanigan
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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91
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Chong ML, Loh M, Thakkar B, Pang B, Iacopetta B, Soong R. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway aberrations in gastric and colorectal cancer: meta-analysis, co-occurrence and ethnic variation. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1232-8. [PMID: 23960014 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is a cancer treatment strategy that has entered into clinical trials. We performed a meta-analysis on the frequency of prominent genetic (PIK3CA mutation, PIK3CA amplification and PTEN deletion) and protein expression (high PI3K, PTEN loss and high pAkt) aberrations in the PI3K pathway in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We also performed laboratory analysis to investigate the co-occurrence of these aberrations. The meta-analysis indicated that East Asian and Caucasian GC patients differ significantly for the frequencies of PIK3CA Exon 9 and 20 mutations (7% vs. 15%, respectively), PTEN deletion (21% vs. 4%) and PTEN loss (47% vs. 78%), while CRC patients differed for PTEN loss (57% vs. 26%). High study heterogeneity (I(2) > 80) was observed for all aberrations except PIK3CA mutations. Laboratory analysis of tumors from East Asian patients revealed significant differences between GC (n = 79) and CRC (n = 116) for the frequencies of PIK3CA amplification (46% vs. 4%) and PTEN loss (54% vs. 78%). The incidence of GC cases with 0, 1, 2 and 3 concurrent aberrations was 14%, 52%, 27% and 8%, respectively, while for CRC it was 10%, 60%, 25% and 4%, respectively. Our study consolidates knowledge on the frequency, co-occurrence and clinical relevance of PI3K pathway aberrations in GC and CRC. Up to 86% of GC and 90% of CRC have at least one aberration in the PI3K pathway, and there are significant differences in the frequencies of these aberrations according to cancer type and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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92
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Aberrant signalling by protein kinase CK2 in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia cells: biochemical evidence and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1103-15. [PMID: 24012109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is driven by the fusion protein Bcr-Abl, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase playing a crucial role in initiation and maintenance of CML phenotype. Despite the great efficacy of the Bcr-Abl-specific inhibitor imatinib, resistance to this drug is recognized as a major problem in CML treatment. We found that in LAMA84 cells, characterized by imatinib-resistance caused by BCR-ABL1 gene amplification, the pro-survival protein kinase CK2 is up-regulated as compared to the sensitive cells. CK2 exhibits a higher protein-level and a parallel enhancement of catalytic activity. Consistently, CK2-catalysed phosphorylation of Akt-Ser129 is increased. CK2 co-localizes with Bcr-Abl in the cytoplasmic fraction as judged by subcellular fractionation and fluorescence immunolocalization. CK2 and Bcr-Abl are members of the same multi-protein complex(es) in imatinib-resistant cells as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and co-sedimentation in glycerol gradients. Cell treatment with CX-4945, a CK2 inhibitor currently in clinical trials, counteracts CK2/Bcr-Abl interaction and causes cell death by apoptosis. Interestingly, combination of CX-4945 with imatinib displays a synergistic effect in reducing cell viability. Consistently, knockdown of CK2α expression by siRNA restores the sensitivity of resistant LAMA84 cells to low imatinib concentrations. Remarkably, the CK2/Bcr-Abl interaction and the sensitization towards imatinib obtained by CK2-inhibition in LAMA84 is observable also in other imatinib-resistant CML cell lines. These results demonstrate that CK2 contributes to strengthen the imatinib-resistance phenotype of CML cells conferring survival advantage against imatinib. We suggest that CK2 inhibition might be a promising tool for combined strategies in CML therapy.
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Fam HK, Walton C, Mitra SA, Chowdhury M, Osborne N, Choi K, Sun G, Wong PC, O'Sullivan MJ, Turashvili G, Aparicio S, Triche TJ, Bond M, Pallen CJ, Boerkoel CF. TDP1 and PARP1 Deficiency Are Cytotoxic to Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1179-92. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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94
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Tsai CJ, Nussinov R. The molecular basis of targeting protein kinases in cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:235-42. [PMID: 23651790 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of targeted anticancer therapies with small molecule kinase inhibitors. First, we discuss why a single constitutively active kinase emanating from a variety of aberrant genetic alterations is capable of transforming a normal cell, leading it to acquire the hallmarks of a cancer cell. To draw attention to the fact that kinase inhibition in targeted cancer therapeutics differs from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, we exploit a conceptual framework explaining why suppressed kinase activity will selectively kill only the so-called oncogene 'addicted' cancer cell, while sparing the healthy cell. Second, we introduce the protein kinase superfamily in light of its common active conformation with precisely positioned structural elements, and the diversified auto-inhibitory conformations among the kinase families. Understanding the detailed activation mechanism of individual kinases is essential to relate the observed oncogenic alterations to the elevated constitutively active state, to identify the mechanism of consequent drug resistance, and to guide the development of the next-generation inhibitors. To clarify the vital importance of structural guidelines in studies of oncogenesis, we explain how somatic mutations in EGFR result in kinase constitutive activation. Third, in addition to the common theme of secondary (acquired) mutations that prevent drug binding from blocking a signaling pathway which is hijacked by the aberrant activated kinase, we discuss scenarios of drug resistance and relapse by compensating lesions that bypass the inactivated pathway in a vertical or horizontal fashion. Collectively, these suggest that the future challenge of cancer therapy with small molecule kinase inhibitors will rely on the discovery of distinct combinations of optimized drugs to target individual subtypes of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Tsai
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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95
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Davis SJ, Sheppard KE, Pearson RB, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL, Simpson KJ. Functional analysis of genes in regions commonly amplified in high-grade serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1411-21. [PMID: 23362323 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all the gynecologic malignancies and is responsible for approximately 140,000 deaths annually worldwide. Copy number amplification is frequently associated with the activation of oncogenic drivers in this tumor type, but their cytogenetic complexity and heterogeneity has made it difficult to determine which gene(s) within an amplicon represent(s) the genuine oncogenic driver. We sought to identify amplicon targets by conducting a comprehensive functional analysis of genes located in the regions of amplification in high-grade serous and endometrioid ovarian tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN High-throughput siRNA screening technology was used to systematically assess all genes within regions commonly amplified in high-grade serous and endometrioid cancer. We describe the results from a boutique siRNA screen of 272 genes in a panel of 18 ovarian cell lines. Hits identified by the functional viability screen were further interrogated in primary tumor cohorts to determine the clinical outcomes associated with amplification and gene overexpression. RESULTS We identified a number of genes as critical for cellular viability when amplified, including URI1, PAK4, GAB2, and DYRK1B. Integration of primary tumor gene expression and outcome data provided further evidence for the therapeutic use of such genes, particularly URI1 and GAB2, which were significantly associated with survival in 2 independent tumor cohorts. CONCLUSION By taking this integrative approach to target discovery, we have streamlined the translation of high-resolution genomic data into preclinical in vitro studies, resulting in the identification of a number of genes that may be specifically targeted for the treatment of advanced ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Davis
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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96
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Scientific challenges and implementation barriers to translation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:641089. [PMID: 23533802 PMCID: PMC3603526 DOI: 10.1155/2013/641089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mapping of the human genome and subsequent advancements in genetic technology had provided clinicians and scientists an understanding of the genetic basis of altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as some examples of applying genomic data in clinical practice. This has raised the public expectation that predicting patients' responses to drug therapy is now possible in every therapeutic area, and personalized drug therapy would come sooner than later. However, debate continues among most stakeholders involved in drug development and clinical decision-making on whether pharmacogenomic biomarkers should be used in patient assessment, as well as when and in whom to use the biomarker-based diagnostic tests. Currently, most would agree that achieving the goal of personalized therapy remains years, if not decades, away. Realistic application of genomic findings and technologies in clinical practice and drug development require addressing multiple logistics and challenges that go beyond discovery of gene variants and/or completion of prospective controlled clinical trials. The goal of personalized medicine can only be achieved when all stakeholders in the field work together, with willingness to accept occasional paradigm change in their current approach.
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97
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Vassal G, Zwaan CM, Ashley D, Le Deley MC, Hargrave D, Blanc P, Adamson PC. New drugs for children and adolescents with cancer: the need for novel development pathways. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e117-24. [PMID: 23434337 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite major progress in the past 40 years, 20% of children with cancer die from the disease, and 40% of survivors have late adverse effects. Innovative, safe, and effective medicines are needed. Although regulatory initiatives in the past 15 years in the USA and Europe have been introduced, new drug development for children with cancer is insufficient. Children and families face major inequity between countries in terms of access to innovative drugs in development. Hurdles and bottlenecks are well known-eg, small numbers of patients, the complexity of developing targeted agents and their biomarkers for selected patients, limitations of US and EU regulations for paediatric medicines, insufficient return on investment, and the global economic crisis facing drug companies. New drug development pathways could efficiently address the challenges with innovative methods and trial designs, investment in biology and preclinical research, new models of partnership and funding including public-private partnerships and precompetitive research consortia, improved regulatory requirements, initiatives and incentives that better address these needs, and increased collaboration between paediatric oncology cooperative groups worldwide. Increased cooperation between all stakeholders-academia, parents' organisations and advocacy groups, regulatory bodies, pharmaceutical companies, philanthropic organisations, and government-will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Vassal
- Division of Clinical Research, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France.
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98
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Lawrence YR, Vikram B, Dignam JJ, Chakravarti A, Machtay M, Freidlin B, Takebe N, Curran WJ, Bentzen SM, Okunieff P, Coleman CN, Dicker AP. NCI-RTOG translational program strategic guidelines for the early-stage development of radiosensitizers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:11-24. [PMID: 23231975 PMCID: PMC3536642 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of chemotherapeutic agents to ionizing radiation has improved survival in many malignancies. Cure rates may be further improved by adding novel targeted agents to current radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy regimens. Despite promising laboratory data, progress in the clinical development of new drugs with radiation has been limited. To define and address the problems involved, a collaborative effort between individuals within the translational research program of the Radiation Oncology Therapy Group and the National Cancer Institute was established. We discerned challenges to drug development with radiation including: 1) the limited relevance of preclinical work, 2) the pharmaceutical industry's diminished interest, and 3) the important individual skills and institutional commitments required to ensure a successful program. The differences between early-phase trial designs with and without radiation are noted as substantial. The traditional endpoints for early-phase clinical trials-acute toxicity and maximum-tolerated dose-are of limited value when combining targeted agents with radiation. Furthermore, response rate is not a useful surrogate marker of activity in radiation combination trials.Consequently, a risk-stratified model for drug-dose escalation with radiation is proposed, based upon the known and estimated adverse effects. The guidelines discuss new clinical trial designs, such as the time-to-event continual reassessment method design for phase I trials, randomized phase II "screening" trials, and the use of surrogate endpoints, such as pathological response. It is hoped that by providing a clear pathway, this article will accelerate the rate of drug development with radiation.
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Kotha S, Goyal D, Bitra A, Thota N, Kruger G, Anand R. Diversity oriented approach to triazole based peptidomimetics as mammalian sterile 20 kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44318c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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100
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Wierstra I. FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) in tumorigenesis: overexpression in human cancer, implication in tumorigenesis, oncogenic functions, tumor-suppressive properties, and target of anticancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 119:191-419. [PMID: 23870513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor and is also intimately involved in tumorigenesis. FOXM1 stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Additionally, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. In accordance with its role in stimulation of cell proliferation, FOXM1 exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern and its expression is regulated by proliferation and anti-proliferation signals as well as by proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Since these factors are often mutated, overexpressed, or lost in human cancer, the normal control of the foxm1 expression by them provides the basis for deregulated FOXM1 expression in tumors. Accordingly, FOXM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FOXM1 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, because it contributes to oncogenic transformation and participates in tumor initiation, growth, and progression, including positive effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated lung inflammation, self-renewal capacity of cancer cells, prevention of premature cellular senescence, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, in the context of urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis, FOXM1 has an unexpected tumor suppressor role in endothelial cells because it limits pulmonary inflammation and canonical Wnt signaling in epithelial lung cells, thereby restricting carcinogenesis. Accordingly, FOXM1 plays a role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and maintenance of genomic stability, that is, prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy. The implication of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and several antitumor drugs have been reported to decrease FOXM1 expression.
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