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Lafont E, Kantari-Mimoun C, Draber P, De Miguel D, Hartwig T, Reichert M, Kupka S, Shimizu Y, Taraborrelli L, Spit M, Sprick MR, Walczak H. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex regulates TRAIL-induced gene activation and cell death. EMBO J 2017; 36:1147-1166. [PMID: 28258062 PMCID: PMC5412822 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase which catalyses the generation of linear ubiquitin linkages de novo LUBAC is a crucial component of various immune receptor signalling pathways. Here, we show that LUBAC forms part of the TRAIL-R-associated complex I as well as of the cytoplasmic TRAIL-induced complex II In both of these complexes, HOIP limits caspase-8 activity and, consequently, apoptosis whilst being itself cleaved in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Yet, by limiting the formation of a RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-containing complex, LUBAC also restricts TRAIL-induced necroptosis. We identify RIPK1 and caspase-8 as linearly ubiquitinated targets of LUBAC following TRAIL stimulation. Contrary to its role in preventing TRAIL-induced RIPK1-independent apoptosis, HOIP presence, but not its activity, is required for preventing necroptosis. By promoting recruitment of the IKK complex to complex I, LUBAC also promotes TRAIL-induced activation of NF-κB and, consequently, the production of cytokines, downstream of FADD, caspase-8 and cIAP1/2. Hence, LUBAC controls the TRAIL signalling outcome from complex I and II, two platforms which both trigger cell death and gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego De Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Reichert
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maureen Spit
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Aksentijevich I, Zhou Q. NF-κB Pathway in Autoinflammatory Diseases: Dysregulation of Protein Modifications by Ubiquitin Defines a New Category of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28469620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00399)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are caused by defects in genes that regulate the innate immunity. Recently, the scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include diseases that result from dysregulations in protein modifications by the highly conserved ubiquitin (Ub) peptides. Thus far these diseases consist of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and OTULIN deficiencies, and haploinsufficiency of A20. The LUBAC is critical for linear ubiquitination of key signaling molecules in immune response pathways, while deubiquitinase enzymes, OTULIN and TNFAIP3/A20, reverse the effects of ubiquitination by hydrolyzing linear (Met1) and Lys63 (K63) Ub moieties, respectively, from conjugated proteins. Consequently, OTULIN or A20-deficient cells have an excess of Met1 or K63 Ub chains on NEMO, RIPK1, and other target substrates, which lead to constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway. Mutant cells produce elevated levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and respond to therapy with cytokine inhibitors. Patients with an impairment in LUBAC stability have compromised NF-kB responses in non-immune cells such as fibroblasts, while their monocytes are hyperresponsive to IL-1β. Discoveries of germline mutations in enzymes that regulate protein modifications by Ub define a new category of autoinflammatory diseases caused by upregulations in the NF-kB signaling. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the latest developments in our understanding of the etiology of autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Aksentijevich I, Zhou Q. NF-κB Pathway in Autoinflammatory Diseases: Dysregulation of Protein Modifications by Ubiquitin Defines a New Category of Autoinflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28469620 PMCID: PMC5395695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are caused by defects in genes that regulate the innate immunity. Recently, the scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include diseases that result from dysregulations in protein modifications by the highly conserved ubiquitin (Ub) peptides. Thus far these diseases consist of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and OTULIN deficiencies, and haploinsufficiency of A20. The LUBAC is critical for linear ubiquitination of key signaling molecules in immune response pathways, while deubiquitinase enzymes, OTULIN and TNFAIP3/A20, reverse the effects of ubiquitination by hydrolyzing linear (Met1) and Lys63 (K63) Ub moieties, respectively, from conjugated proteins. Consequently, OTULIN or A20-deficient cells have an excess of Met1 or K63 Ub chains on NEMO, RIPK1, and other target substrates, which lead to constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway. Mutant cells produce elevated levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and respond to therapy with cytokine inhibitors. Patients with an impairment in LUBAC stability have compromised NF-kB responses in non-immune cells such as fibroblasts, while their monocytes are hyperresponsive to IL-1β. Discoveries of germline mutations in enzymes that regulate protein modifications by Ub define a new category of autoinflammatory diseases caused by upregulations in the NF-kB signaling. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the latest developments in our understanding of the etiology of autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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54
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Zinngrebe J, Walczak H. TLRs Go Linear – On the Ubiquitin Edge. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:296-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rittinger K, Ikeda F. Linear ubiquitin chains: enzymes, mechanisms and biology. Open Biol 2017; 7:170026. [PMID: 28446710 PMCID: PMC5413910 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification that regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility is based on the ability of ubiquitin to form multiple types of polyubiquitin chains, which are recognized by specific ubiquitin receptors to induce the required cellular response. Linear ubiquitin chains are linked through Met 1 and have been established as important players of inflammatory signalling and apoptotic cell death. These chains are generated by a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex called the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) that is thus far the only E3 ligase capable of forming linear ubiquitin chains. The complex consists of three subunits, HOIP, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN, each of which have specific roles in the observed biological functions of LUBAC. Furthermore, LUBAC has been found to be associated with OTULIN and CYLD, deubiquitinases that disassemble linear chains and counterbalance the E3 ligase activity of LUBAC. Gene mutations in HOIP, HOIL-1L and OTULIN are found in human patients who suffer from autoimmune diseases, and HOIL-1L mutations are also found in myopathy patients. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms of linear ubiquitin chain generation and disassembly by their respective enzymes and review our current understanding of their biological functions and association with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr Bohr-gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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56
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Internally tagged ubiquitin: a tool to identify linear polyubiquitin-modified proteins by mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 2017; 14:504-512. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Goto E, Tokunaga F. Decreased linear ubiquitination of NEMO and FADD on apoptosis with caspase-mediated cleavage of HOIP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:152-159. [PMID: 28189684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB is crucial to regulate immune and inflammatory responses and cell survival. LUBAC generates a linear ubiquitin chain and activates NF-κB through ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity in the HOIP subunit. Here, we show that HOIP is predominantly cleaved by caspase at Asp390 upon apoptosis, and that is subjected to proteasomal degradation. We identified that FADD, as well as NEMO, is a substrate for LUBAC. Although the C-terminal fragment of HOIP retains NF-κB activity, linear ubiquitination of NEMO and FADD decreases upon apoptosis. Moreover, the N-terminal fragment of HOIP binds with deubiquitinases, such as OTULIN and CYLD-SPATA2. These results indicate that caspase-mediated cleavage of HOIP divides critical functional regions of HOIP, and that this regulates linear (de)ubiquitination of substrates upon apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Goto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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58
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Yamamotoya T, Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima T, Yamazaki H, Kaneko S, Fujishiro M, Kikuchi T, Kushiyama A, Tokunaga F, Asano T, Sakoda H. Reduced SHARPIN and LUBAC Formation May Contribute to CCl₄- or Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020326. [PMID: 28165393 PMCID: PMC5343862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), composed of SHARPIN (SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein), HOIL-1L (longer isoform of heme-oxidized iron-regulatory protein 2 ubiquitin ligase-1), and HOIP (HOIL-1L interacting protein), forms linear ubiquitin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO) and induces NF-κB pathway activation. SHARPIN expression and LUBAC formation were significantly reduced in the livers of mice 24 h after the injection of either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or acetaminophen (APAP), both of which produced the fulminant hepatitis phenotype. To elucidate its pathological significance, hepatic SHARPIN expression was suppressed in mice by injecting shRNA adenovirus via the tail vein. Seven days after this transduction, without additional inflammatory stimuli, substantial inflammation and fibrosis with enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis occurred in the livers. A similar but more severe phenotype was observed with suppression of HOIP, which is responsible for the E3 ligase activity of LUBAC. Furthermore, in good agreement with these in vivo results, transduction of Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells with SHARPIN, HOIL-1L, or HOIP shRNA adenovirus induced apoptosis of these cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) stimulation. Thus, LUBAC is essential for the survival of hepatocytes, and it is likely that reduction of LUBAC is a factor promoting hepatocyte death in addition to the direct effect of drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- CellBiology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B16 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Takako Kikuchi
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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59
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Shibata Y, Tokunaga F, Goto E, Komatsu G, Gohda J, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Takahashi H, Sawasaki T, Inoue S, Oshiumi H, Seya T, Nakano H, Tanaka Y, Iwai K, Inoue JI. HTLV-1 Tax Induces Formation of the Active Macromolecular IKK Complex by Generating Lys63- and Met1-Linked Hybrid Polyubiquitin Chains. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006162. [PMID: 28103322 PMCID: PMC5283754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is crucial for the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a highly malignant CD4+ T cell neoplasm. Among the multiple aberrant Tax-induced effects on cellular processes, persistent activation of transcription factor NF-κB, which is activated only transiently upon physiological stimulation, is essential for leukemogenesis. We and others have shown that Tax induces activation of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which is a critical step in NF-κB activation, by generating Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Tax-induced IKK activation is controversial and not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that Tax recruits linear (Met1-linked) ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) to the IKK complex and that Tax fails to induce IKK activation in cells that lack LUBAC activity. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that both Lys63-linked and Met1-linked polyubiquitin chains are associated with the IKK complex. Furthermore, treatment of the IKK-associated polyubiquitin chains with Met1-linked-chain-specific deubiquitinase (OTULIN) resulted in the reduction of high molecular weight polyubiquitin chains and the generation of short Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains, indicating that Tax can induce the generation of Lys63- and Met1-linked hybrid polyubiquitin chains. We also demonstrate that Tax induces formation of the active macromolecular IKK complex and that the blocking of Tax-induced polyubiquitin chain synthesis inhibited formation of the macromolecular complex. Taken together, these results lead us to propose a novel model in which the hybrid-chain-dependent oligomerization of the IKK complex triggered by Tax leads to trans-autophosphorylation-mediated IKK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shibata
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Goto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ginga Komatsu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Gohda
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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60
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp1α Inhibits NF-κB Activation by Targeting the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01911-16. [PMID: 27881655 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01911-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination, a newly discovered posttranslational modification, is catalyzed by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which is composed of three subunits: one catalytic subunit HOIP and two accessory molecules, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN. Accumulating evidence suggests that linear ubiquitination plays a crucial role in innate immune signaling and especially in the activation of the NF-κB pathway by conjugating linear polyubiquitin chains to NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO, also called IKKγ), the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an Arterivirus that has devastated the swine industry worldwide, is an ideal model to study the host's disordered inflammatory responses after viral infection. Here, we found that LUBAC-induced NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokine expression can be inhibited in the early phase of PRRSV infection. Screening the PRRSV-encoded proteins showed that nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) suppresses LUBAC-mediated NF-κB activation and its CTE domain is required for the inhibition. Mechanistically, nsp1α binds to HOIP/HOIL-1L and impairs the interaction between HOIP and SHARPIN, thus reducing the LUBAC-dependent linear ubiquitination of NEMO. Moreover, PRRSV infection also blocks LUBAC complex formation and NEMO linear-ubiquitination, the important step for transducing NF-κB signaling. This unexpected finding demonstrates a previously unrecognized role of PRRSV nsp1α in modulating LUBAC signaling and explains an additional mechanism of immune modulation by PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important veterinary infectious diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection usually suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in the early stage of infection, whereas it induces an inflammatory storm in the late stage. However, precisely how the virus is capable of doing so remains obscure. In this study, we found that by blocking the interaction of its catalytic subunit HOIP and accessory molecule SHARPIN, PRRSV can suppress NF-κB signal transduction in the early stage of infection. Our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism evolved by PRRSV to regulate inflammatory responses but also highlight the important role of linear ubiquitination modification during virus infection.
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Okamura K, Kitamura A, Sasaki Y, Chung DH, Kagami S, Iwai K, Yasutomo K. Survival of mature T cells depends on signaling through HOIP. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36135. [PMID: 27786304 PMCID: PMC5081559 DOI: 10.1038/srep36135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell development in the thymus is controlled by a multistep process. The NF-κB pathway regulates T cell development as well as T cell activation at multiple differentiation stages. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is composed of Sharpin, HOIL-1L and HOIP, and it is crucial for regulating the NF-κB and cell death pathways. However, little is known about the roles of LUBAC in T-cell development and activation. Here, we show that in T-HOIPΔlinear mice lacking the ubiquitin ligase activity of LUBAC, thymic CD4+ or CD8+ T cell numbers were markedly reduced with severe defects in NKT cell development. HOIPΔlinear CD4+ T cells failed to phosphorylate IκBα and JNK through T cell receptor-mediated stimulation. Mature CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in T-HOIPΔlinear mice underwent apoptosis more rapidly than control T cells, and it was accompanied by lower CD127 expression on CD4+CD24low and CD8+CD24low T cells in the thymus. The enforced expression of CD127 in T-HOIPΔlinear thymocytes rescued the development of mature CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our results showed that LUBAC ligase activity is key for the survival of mature T cells, and suggest multiple roles of the NF-κB and cell death pathways in activating or maintaining T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Okamura
- Department of Immunology &Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Kitamura
- Department of Immunology &Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology &Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang YK, Yang C, Chan W, Wang Z, Deibel KE, Pomerantz JL. Molecular Determinants of Scaffold-induced Linear Ubiquitinylation of B Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 10 (Bcl10) during T Cell Receptor and Oncogenic Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein 11 (CARD11) Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25921-25936. [PMID: 27777308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of NF-κB downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement is a key signaling step required for normal lymphocyte function during the adaptive immune response. During TCR signaling, the adaptor protein Bcl10 is inducibly recruited to the CARD11 scaffold protein as part of a multicomponent complex that induces IκB kinase (IKK) activity and NF-κB activation. Here, we show that a consequence of this recruitment is the TCR-induced conjugation of Bcl10 with linear-linked polyubiquitin chains to generate the signaling intermediate Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10, which is required for the association of Bcl10 with the NEMO subunit of the IKK complex. The TCR-induced generation of Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 requires Bcl10 lysines 17, 31, and 63, CARD11, MALT1, and the HOIP subunit of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) but not the HOIP accessory protein SHARPIN. CARD11 promotes signal-induced Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 generation by co-recruiting Bcl10 with HOIP, thereby bringing substrate to enzyme. The CARD11-HOIP interaction is rendered TCR-inducible by the four autoinhibitory repressive elements in the CARD11 inhibitory domain and involves the CARD11 coiled-coil domain and two independent regions of HOIP. Interestingly, oncogenic CARD11 variants associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma spontaneously induce Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 production to extents that correlate with their abilities to activate NF-κB and with their enhanced abilities to bind HOIP and Bcl10. Our results define molecular determinants that control the production of Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10, an important signaling intermediate in TCR and oncogenic CARD11 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kang Yang
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Chao Yang
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Waipan Chan
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zhaoquan Wang
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Katelynn E Deibel
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Joel L Pomerantz
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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63
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Damgaard RB, Walker JA, Marco-Casanova P, Morgan NV, Titheradge HL, Elliott PR, McHale D, Maher ER, McKenzie ANJ, Komander D. The Deubiquitinase OTULIN Is an Essential Negative Regulator of Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Cell 2016; 166:1215-1230.e20. [PMID: 27523608 PMCID: PMC5002269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methionine-1 (M1)-linked ubiquitin chains regulate the activity of NF-κB, immune homeostasis, and responses to infection. The importance of negative regulators of M1-linked chains in vivo remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the M1-specific deubiquitinase OTULIN is essential for preventing TNF-associated systemic inflammation in humans and mice. A homozygous hypomorphic mutation in human OTULIN causes a potentially fatal autoinflammatory condition termed OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS). Four independent OTULIN mouse models reveal that OTULIN deficiency in immune cells results in cell-type-specific effects, ranging from over-production of inflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity due to accumulation of M1-linked polyubiquitin and spontaneous NF-κB activation in myeloid cells to downregulation of M1-polyubiquitin signaling by degradation of LUBAC in B and T cells. Remarkably, treatment with anti-TNF neutralizing antibodies ameliorates inflammation in ORAS patients and rescues mouse phenotypes. Hence, OTULIN is critical for restraining life-threatening spontaneous inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Busk Damgaard
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Paola Marco-Casanova
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah L Titheradge
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul R Elliott
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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64
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Zhu J, Zhuang T, Yang H, Li X, Liu H, Wang H. Atypical ubiquitin ligase RNF31: the nuclear factor modulator in breast cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:538. [PMID: 27460922 PMCID: PMC4962416 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer causes the No.1 women cancer prevalence and the No.2 women cancer mortality worldwide. Nuclear receptor/transcriptional factor signaling is aberrant and plays important roles in breast cancer pathogenesis and evolution, such as estrogen receptor α (ERα/ESR1), tumor protein p53 (p53/TP53) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). About 60–70 % of breast tumors are ERα positive, while approximate 70 % of breast tumors are P53 wild type. Recent studies indicate that nuclear receptors/transcriptional factors could be tightly controlled through protein post-translational modification. The nuclear receptors/transcriptional factors could endure several types of modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Compared with the other two types of modifications, ubiquitination was mostly linked to protein degradation process, while few researches focused on the functional changes of the target proteins. Until recent years, ubiquitination process is no longer regarded as merely a protein degradation process, but aslo treated as one kind of modification signal. As an atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF31 was previously found to facilitate NFκB signaling transduction through linear ubiquitination on IKKγ(IκB kinase γ). Our previous studies showed important regulatory functions of RNF31 in controlling important oncogenic pathways in breast cancer, such as ERα and p53. This review highlights recent discoveries on RNF31 functions in nuclear factor modifications, breast cancer progression and possible therapeutic inhibitors targeting RNF31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Liu
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Abstract
Ubiquitin can form eight different linkage types of chains using the intrinsic Met 1 residue or one of the seven intrinsic Lys residues. Each linkage type of ubiquitin chain has a distinct three-dimensional topology, functioning as a tag to attract specific signaling molecules, which are so-called ubiquitin readers, and regulates various biological functions. Ubiquitin chains linked via Met 1 in a head-to-tail manner are called linear ubiquitin chains. Linear ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of cellular signaling, including the best-characterized tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Linear ubiquitin chains are specifically generated by an E3 ligase complex called the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and hydrolyzed by a deubiquitinase (DUB) called ovarian tumor (OTU) DUB with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN). LUBAC linearly ubiquitinates critical molecules in the TNF pathway, such as NEMO and RIPK1. The linear ubiquitin chains are then recognized by the ubiquitin readers, including NEMO, which control the TNF pathway. Accumulating evidence indicates an importance of the LUBAC complex in the regulation of apoptosis, development, and inflammation in mice. In this article, I focus on the role of linear ubiquitin chains in adaptive immune responses with an emphasis on the TNF-induced signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
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66
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Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a post‐translational protein modification recently discovered to be crucial for innate and adaptive immune signaling. The function of linear ubiquitin chains is regulated at multiple levels: generation, recognition, and removal. These chains are generated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known ubiquitin E3 capable of forming the linear ubiquitin linkage de novo. LUBAC is not only relevant for activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in various signaling pathways, but importantly, it also regulates cell death downstream of immune receptors capable of inducing this response. Recognition of the linear ubiquitin linkage is specifically mediated by certain ubiquitin receptors, which is crucial for translation into the intended signaling outputs. LUBAC deficiency results in attenuated gene activation and increased cell death, causing pathologic conditions in both, mice, and humans. Removal of ubiquitin chains is mediated by deubiquitinases (DUBs). Two of them, OTULIN and CYLD, are constitutively associated with LUBAC. Here, we review the current knowledge on linear ubiquitination in immune signaling pathways and the biochemical mechanisms as to how linear polyubiquitin exerts its functions distinctly from those of other ubiquitin linkage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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67
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Elton L, Carpentier I, Verhelst K, Staal J, Beyaert R. The multifaceted role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1: beyond linear ubiquitination. Immunol Rev 2016; 266:208-21. [PMID: 26085217 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination controls and fine-tunes many signaling processes driving immunity, inflammation, and cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1 (heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1) is increasingly implicated in different signaling pathways and plays a vital role in immune regulation. HOIL-1 co operates with the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP (HOIL-1 interacting protein) to modify specific nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling proteins with linear M1-linked polyubiquitin chains. In addition, through its ability to also add K48-linked polyubiquitin chains to specific substrates, HOIL-1 has been linked with antiviral signaling, iron and xenobiotic metabolism, cell death, and cancer. HOIL-1 deficiency in humans leads to myopathy, amylopectinosis, auto-inflammation, and immunodeficiency associated with an increased frequency of bacterial infections. HOIL-1-deficient mice exhibit amylopectin-like deposits in the myocardium, pathogen-specific immunodeficiency, but minimal signs of hyper-inflammation. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanism of action of HOIL-1 and highlights recent advances regarding its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Elton
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Carpentier
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Verhelst
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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68
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Differential Involvement of the Npl4 Zinc Finger Domains of SHARPIN and HOIL-1L in Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex-Mediated Cell Death Protection. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1569-83. [PMID: 26976635 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01049-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) participates in NF-κB activation and cell death protection. Loss of any of the three LUBAC subunits (catalytic HOIP, accessory HOIL-1L, or accessory SHARPIN subunit) leads to distinct phenotypes in mice and human. cpdm mice (chronic proliferative dermatitis in mice [cpdm]) that lack SHARPIN exhibit chronic inflammatory phenotypes, whereas HOIL-1L knockout mice exhibit no overt phenotypes, despite sharing highly homologous ubiquitin-like (UBL) and Npl4 zinc finger (NZF) domains. Here, we intercrossed mice lacking HOIL-1L and SHARPIN and found that reduction of HOIL-1L in cpdm mice exacerbated inflammatory phenotypes without affecting characteristic features of cpdm disease, whereas reduction of SHARPIN in HOIL-1L knockout mice provoked no overt phenotypes. Hence, loss of SHARPIN and reduction of LUBAC triggers cpdm phenotypes. We found that the NZF domain of SHARPIN, but not that of HOIL-1L, is critical for effective protection from programmed cell death by enhancing the recruitment of LUBAC to the activated TNFR complex. The binding activity to K63-linked ubiquitin chains that the NZF domain of SHARPIN, but not that of HOIL-1L, possesses appears to be involved in the recruitment. Thus, selective recognition of ubiquitin chains by NZFs in LUBAC underlies the regulation of LUBAC function.
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69
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Redecke V, Chaturvedi V, Kuriakose J, Häcker H. SHARPIN controls the development of regulatory T cells. Immunology 2016; 148:216-26. [PMID: 26931177 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN is an essential component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) complex that controls signalling pathways of various receptors, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and antigen receptor, in part by synthesis of linear, non-degrading ubiquitin chains. Consistent with SHARPIN's function in different receptor pathways, the phenotype of SHARPIN-deficient mice is complex, including the development of inflammatory systemic and skin diseases, the latter of which depend on TNFR signal transduction. Given the established function of SHARPIN in primary and malignant B cells, we hypothesized that SHARPIN might also regulate T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling and thereby control T-cell biology. Here, we focus primarily on the role of SHARPIN in T cells, specifically regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that SHARPIN-deficient (Sharpin(cpdm/cpdm) ) mice have significantly reduced numbers of FOXP3(+) Treg cells in lymphoid organs and the peripheral blood. Competitive reconstitution of irradiated mice with mixed bone marrow from wild-type and SHARPIN-deficient mice revealed an overall reduced thymus population with SHARPIN-deficient cells with almost complete loss of thymic Treg development. Consistent with this cell-intrinsic function of SHARPIN in Treg development, TCR stimulation of SHARPIN-deficient thymocytes revealed reduced activation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, establishing a function of SHARPIN in TCR signalling, which may explain the defective Treg development. In turn, in vitro generation and suppressive activity of mature SHARPIN-deficient Treg cells were comparable to wild-type cells, suggesting that maturation, but not function, of SHARPIN-deficient Treg cells is impaired. Taken together, these findings show that SHARPIN controls TCR signalling and is required for efficient generation of Treg cells in vivo, whereas the inhibitory function of mature Treg cells appears to be independent of SHARPIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Redecke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vandana Chaturvedi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeeba Kuriakose
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hans Häcker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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70
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Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a dynamic multifaceted post-translational modification involved in nearly all aspects of eukaryotic biology. Once attached to a substrate, the 76-amino acid protein ubiquitin is subjected to further modifications, creating a multitude of distinct signals with distinct cellular outcomes, referred to as the 'ubiquitin code'. Ubiquitin can be ubiquitinated on seven lysine (Lys) residues or on the N-terminus, leading to polyubiquitin chains that can encompass complex topologies. Alternatively or in addition, ubiquitin Lys residues can be modified by ubiquitin-like molecules (such as SUMO or NEDD8). Finally, ubiquitin can also be acetylated on Lys, or phosphorylated on Ser, Thr or Tyr residues, and each modification has the potential to dramatically alter the signaling outcome. While the number of distinctly modified ubiquitin species in cells is mind-boggling, much progress has been made to characterize the roles of distinct ubiquitin modifications, and many enzymes and receptors have been identified that create, recognize or remove these ubiquitin modifications. We here provide an overview of the various ubiquitin modifications present in cells, and highlight recent progress on ubiquitin chain biology. We then discuss the recent findings in the field of ubiquitin acetylation and phosphorylation, with a focus on Ser65-phosphorylation and its role in mitophagy and Parkin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby N Swatek
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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71
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Draber P, Kupka S, Reichert M, Draberova H, Lafont E, de Miguel D, Spilgies L, Surinova S, Taraborrelli L, Hartwig T, Rieser E, Martino L, Rittinger K, Walczak H. LUBAC-Recruited CYLD and A20 Regulate Gene Activation and Cell Death by Exerting Opposing Effects on Linear Ubiquitin in Signaling Complexes. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2258-72. [PMID: 26670046 PMCID: PMC4688036 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are crucial for assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes. LUBAC-generated linear (M1) ubiquitin is important for signaling via various immune receptors. We show here that the deubiquitinases CYLD and A20, but not OTULIN, are recruited to the TNFR1- and NOD2-associated signaling complexes (TNF-RSC and NOD2-SC), at which they cooperate to limit gene activation. Whereas CYLD recruitment depends on its interaction with LUBAC, but not on LUBAC’s M1-chain-forming capacity, A20 recruitment requires this activity. Intriguingly, CYLD and A20 exert opposing effects on M1 chain stability in the TNF-RSC and NOD2-SC. While CYLD cleaves M1 chains, and thereby sensitizes cells to TNF-induced death, A20 binding to them prevents their removal and, consequently, inhibits cell death. Thus, CYLD and A20 cooperatively restrict gene activation and regulate cell death via their respective activities on M1 chains. Hence, the interplay between LUBAC, M1-ubiquitin, CYLD, and A20 is central for physiological signaling through innate immune receptors. LUBAC directly recruits CYLD to the TNFR1 complex where it antagonizes M1 linkages M1-ubiquitin chains recruit A20, which, in turn, protects them from degradation CYLD and A20 inhibit gene activation but oppose each other in regulating cell death OTULIN controls LUBAC activity prior to stimulation but not in signaling complexes
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Matthias Reichert
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Helena Draberova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lisanne Spilgies
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Silvia Surinova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Luigi Martino
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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72
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Posttranslational Modification of HOIP Blocks Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Linear-Ubiquitin-Chain Formation. mBio 2015; 6:e01777-15. [PMID: 26578682 PMCID: PMC4659476 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01777-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is an atypical posttranslational modification catalyzed by the linear-ubiquitin-chain assembly complex (LUBAC), containing HOIP, HOIL-1L, and Sharpin. LUBAC facilitates NF-κB activation and inflammation upon receptor stimulation by ligating linear ubiquitin chains to critical signaling molecules. Indeed, linear-ubiquitination-dependent signaling is essential to prevent pyogenic bacterial infections that can lead to death. While linear ubiquitination is essential for intracellular receptor signaling upon microbial infection, this response must be measured and stopped to avoid tissue damage and autoimmunity. While LUBAC is activated upon bacterial stimulation, the mechanisms regulating LUBAC activity in response to bacterial stimuli have remained elusive. We demonstrate that LUBAC activity itself is downregulated through ubiquitination, specifically, ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit HOIP at the carboxyl-terminal lysine 1056. Ubiquitination of Lys1056 dynamically altered HOIP conformation, resulting in the suppression of its catalytic activity. Consequently, HOIP Lys1056-to-Arg mutation led not only to persistent LUBAC activity but also to prolonged NF-κB activation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation, whereas it showed no effect on NF-κB activation induced by CD40 stimulation. This study describes a novel posttranslational regulation of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination that is critical for specifically directing TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation. Posttranslational modification of proteins enables cells to respond quickly to infections and immune stimuli in a tightly controlled manner. Specifically, covalent modification of proteins with the small protein ubiquitin is essential for cells to initiate and terminate immune signaling in response to bacterial and viral infection. This process is controlled by ubiquitin ligase enzymes, which themselves must be regulated to prevent persistent and deleterious immune signaling. However, how this regulation is achieved is poorly understood. This paper reports a novel ubiquitination event of the atypical ubiquitin ligase HOIP that is required to terminate bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 immune signaling. Ubiquitination causes the HOIP ligase to undergo a conformational change, which blocks its enzymatic activity and ultimately terminates LPS-induced TLR4 signaling. These findings provide a new mechanism for controlling HOIP ligase activity that is vital to properly regulate a proinflammatory immune response.
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73
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Klein T, Fung SY, Renner F, Blank MA, Dufour A, Kang S, Bolger-Munro M, Scurll JM, Priatel JJ, Schweigler P, Melkko S, Gold MR, Viner RI, Régnier CH, Turvey SE, Overall CM. The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves HOIL1 reducing linear ubiquitination by LUBAC to dampen lymphocyte NF-κB signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8777. [PMID: 26525107 PMCID: PMC4659944 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor signalling activates the canonical NF-κB pathway via the CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) signalosome involving key, yet ill-defined roles for linear ubiquitination. The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves and removes negative checkpoint proteins, amplifying lymphocyte responses in NF-κB activation and in B-cell lymphoma subtypes. To identify new human MALT1 substrates, we compare B cells from the only known living MALT1(mut/mut) patient with healthy MALT1(+/mut) family members using 10-plex Tandem Mass Tag TAILS N-terminal peptide proteomics. We identify HOIL1 of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex as a novel MALT1 substrate. We show linear ubiquitination at B-cell receptor microclusters and signalosomes. Late in the NF-κB activation cycle HOIL1 cleavage transiently reduces linear ubiquitination, including of NEMO and RIP1, dampening NF-κB activation and preventing reactivation. By regulating linear ubiquitination, MALT1 is both a positive and negative pleiotropic regulator of the human canonical NF-κB pathway-first promoting activation via the CBM--then triggering HOIL1-dependent negative-feedback termination, preventing reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Klein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Shan-Yu Fung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Child &Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Florian Renner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Blank
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, 95134 California, USA
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Sohyeong Kang
- Child &Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Joshua M Scurll
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - John J Priatel
- Child &Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Patrick Schweigler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Samu Melkko
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Rosa I Viner
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, 95134 California, USA
| | - Catherine H Régnier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Child &Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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74
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Abstract
Human lymphoid malignancies inherit gene expression networks from their normal B-cell counterpart and co-opt them for their own oncogenic purpose, which is usually governed by transcription factors and signaling pathways. These transcription factors and signaling pathways are precisely regulated at multiple steps, including ubiquitin modification. Protein ubiqutination plays a role in almost all cellular events and in many human diseases. In the past few years, multiple studies have expanded the role of ubiquitination in the genesis of diverse lymphoid malignancies. Here, we discuss our current understanding of both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions of the protein ubiquitination system and describe how it is involved in the pathogenesis of human lymphoid cancers. Lymphoid-restricted ubiquitination mechanisms, including ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, provide great opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for lymphoid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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75
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Sasaki K, Iwai K. Roles of linear ubiquitinylation, a crucial regulator of NF-κB and cell death, in the immune system. Immunol Rev 2015; 266:175-89. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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76
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Pedersen GK, Ádori M, Karlsson Hedestam GB. NF-κB signaling in B-1 cell development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1362:39-47. [PMID: 26096766 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors play essential roles in hematopoiesis. In this review, we summarize the requirements of different components of the NF-κB pathway for B-1 cell development and maintenance. The B-1 cell developmental steps are also reviewed, with particular emphasis on stages where NF-κB signaling may be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Ádori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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77
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Satpathy S, Wagner SA, Beli P, Gupta R, Kristiansen TA, Malinova D, Francavilla C, Tolar P, Bishop GA, Hostager BS, Choudhary C. Systems-wide analysis of BCR signalosomes and downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:810. [PMID: 26038114 PMCID: PMC4501846 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for the development and function of B cells; however, the spectrum of proteins involved in BCR signaling is not fully known. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to monitor the dynamics of BCR signaling complexes (signalosomes) and to investigate the dynamics of downstream phosphorylation and ubiquitylation signaling. We identify most of the previously known components of BCR signaling, as well as many proteins that have not yet been implicated in this system. BCR activation leads to rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of the receptor-proximal signaling components, many of which are co-regulated by both the modifications. We illustrate the power of multilayered proteomic analyses for discovering novel BCR signaling components by demonstrating that BCR-induced phosphorylation of RAB7A at S72 prevents its association with effector proteins and with endo-lysosomal compartments. In addition, we show that BCL10 is modified by LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitylation, and demonstrate an important function of LUBAC in BCR-induced NF-κB signaling. Our results offer a global and integrated view of BCR signaling, and the provided datasets can serve as a valuable resource for further understanding BCR signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian A Wagner
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Beli
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine A Kristiansen
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pavel Tolar
- Division of Immune Cell Biology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate Program in Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA VAMC, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bruce S Hostager
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chunaram Choudhary
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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78
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Boisson B, Laplantine E, Dobbs K, Cobat A, Tarantino N, Hazen M, Lidov HGW, Hopkins G, Du L, Belkadi A, Chrabieh M, Itan Y, Picard C, Fournet JC, Eibel H, Tsitsikov E, Pai SY, Abel L, Al-Herz W, Casanova JL, Israel A, Notarangelo LD. Human HOIP and LUBAC deficiency underlies autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, amylopectinosis, and lymphangiectasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:939-51. [PMID: 26008899 PMCID: PMC4451137 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Boisson et al. report a human homozygous mutation of HOIP, the gene encoding the catalytic component of the linear ubiquitination chain assembly complex, LUBAC. The missense alleles impair the expression of HOIP, destabilizing the LUBAC complex and resulting in immune cell dysfunction leading to multiorgan inflammation, combined immunodeficiency, subclinical amylopectinosis, and systemic lymphangiectactasia. Inherited, complete deficiency of human HOIL-1, a component of the linear ubiquitination chain assembly complex (LUBAC), underlies autoinflammation, infections, and amylopectinosis. We report the clinical description and molecular analysis of a novel inherited disorder of the human LUBAC complex. A patient with multiorgan autoinflammation, combined immunodeficiency, subclinical amylopectinosis, and systemic lymphangiectasia, is homozygous for a mutation in HOIP, the gene encoding the catalytic component of LUBAC. The missense allele (L72P, in the PUB domain) is at least severely hypomorphic, as it impairs HOIP expression and destabilizes the whole LUBAC complex. Linear ubiquitination and NF-κB activation are impaired in the patient’s fibroblasts stimulated by IL-1β or TNF. In contrast, the patient’s monocytes respond to IL-1β more vigorously than control monocytes. However, the activation and differentiation of the patient’s B cells are impaired in response to CD40 engagement. These cellular and clinical phenotypes largely overlap those of HOIL-1-deficient patients. Clinical differences between HOIL-1- and HOIP-mutated patients may result from differences between the mutations, the loci, or other factors. Our findings show that human HOIP is essential for the assembly and function of LUBAC and for various processes governing inflammation and immunity in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Melissa Hazen
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hart G W Lidov
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gregory Hopkins
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Likun Du
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Capucine Picard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hermann Eibel
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erdyni Tsitsikov
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, 70459 Kuwait City, Kuwait Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alain Israel
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
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79
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Lewis M, Vyse S, Shields A, Boeltz S, Gordon P, Spector T, Lehner P, Walczak H, Vyse T. UBE2L3 polymorphism amplifies NF-κB activation and promotes plasma cell development, linking linear ubiquitination to multiple autoimmune diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:221-34. [PMID: 25640675 PMCID: PMC4320258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UBE2L3 is associated with increased susceptibility to numerous autoimmune diseases, but the underlying mechanism is unexplained. By using data from a genome-wide association study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we observed a single risk haplotype spanning UBE2L3, consistently aligned across multiple autoimmune diseases, associated with increased UBE2L3 expression in B cells and monocytes. rs140490 in the UBE2L3 promoter region showed the strongest association. UBE2L3 is an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, specially adapted to function with HECT and RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases, including HOIL-1 and HOIP, components of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). Our data demonstrate that UBE2L3 is the preferred E2 conjugating enzyme for LUBAC in vivo, and UBE2L3 is essential for LUBAC-mediated activation of NF-κB. By accurately quantifying NF-κB translocation in primary human cells from healthy individuals stratified by rs140490 genotype, we observed that the autoimmune disease risk UBE2L3 genotype was correlated with basal NF-κB activation in unstimulated B cells and monocytes and regulated the sensitivity of NF-κB to CD40 stimulation in B cells and TNF stimulation in monocytes. The UBE2L3 risk allele correlated with increased circulating plasmablast and plasma cell numbers in SLE individuals, consistent with substantially elevated UBE2L3 protein levels in plasmablasts and plasma cells. These results identify key immunological consequences of the UBE2L3 autoimmune risk haplotype and highlight an important role for UBE2L3 in plasmablast and plasma cell development.
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80
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MacDuff DA, Reese TA, Kimmey JM, Weiss LA, Song C, Zhang X, Kambal A, Duan E, Carrero JA, Boisson B, Laplantine E, Israel A, Picard C, Colonna M, Edelson BT, Sibley LD, Stallings CL, Casanova JL, Iwai K, Virgin HW. Phenotypic complementation of genetic immunodeficiency by chronic herpesvirus infection. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25599590 PMCID: PMC4298697 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the presentation of hereditary immunodeficiencies may be explained by genetic or environmental factors. Patients with mutations in HOIL1 (RBCK1) present with amylopectinosis-associated myopathy with or without hyper-inflammation and immunodeficiency. We report that barrier-raised HOIL-1-deficient mice exhibit amylopectin-like deposits in the myocardium but show minimal signs of hyper-inflammation. However, they show immunodeficiency upon acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii or Citrobacter rodentium. Increased susceptibility to Listeria was due to HOIL-1 function in hematopoietic cells and macrophages in production of protective cytokines. In contrast, HOIL-1-deficient mice showed enhanced control of chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis or murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), and these infections conferred a hyper-inflammatory phenotype. Surprisingly, chronic infection with MHV68 complemented the immunodeficiency of HOIL-1, IL-6, Caspase-1 and Caspase-1;Caspase-11-deficient mice following Listeria infection. Thus chronic herpesvirus infection generates signs of auto-inflammation and complements genetic immunodeficiency in mutant mice, highlighting the importance of accounting for the virome in genotype-phenotype studies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04494.001 The immune system protects an individual from invading bacteria, viruses and parasites, as well as malfunctioning or cancerous host cells. However, some people inherit genetic defects that cause part of the immune system to be missing or to not work properly. This is called a genetic immunodeficiency, and puts individuals at a higher risk of infection and disease. The symptoms of immunodeficiencies can vary substantially between individuals, even when they have defects in the same gene. For example, only some of the individuals who have defects in both of their copies of a gene called HOIL-1—which has been linked to several roles in the body's immune response—are reported to suffer from an altered susceptibility to bacterial infections and chronic (persistent) inflammation. Gaining a clear understanding of the possible factors that influence such variations in the symptoms of genetic immune deficiencies could help to speed up their diagnosis, as well as helping to develop more effective treatments. MacDuff et al. studied mice that had mutations in both copies of the mouse equivalent of the HOIL-1 gene. These mice, when raised in a clean barrier facility that reduces their exposure to viruses, were severely immunodeficient and died when infected by certain bacteria and parasites, including Listeria monocytogenes. However, they were able to tolerate infections with a herpesvirus or the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. The immunodeficiency to L. monocytogenes was linked to problems producing protective molecules called cytokines, which form a crucial part of the immune response. Unexpectedly, MacDuff et al. found that a chronic herpesvirus infection substantially protected these very immunodeficient animals from infection with Listeria monocytogenes, and the mice were able to efficiently produce protective cytokines. Mice with two other distinct genetic deficiencies that affect their immune system were also better able to survive otherwise lethal bacterial infections if they had a long-term herpesvirus infection. Macduff et al. suggest that the chronic herpesvirus infection stimulates the immune system, and so allows it to compensate for the lack of cytokine production associated with various immunodeficiencies, including those caused by mutations in the HOIL-1 gene. This suggests that the presence of viruses or other long-term infections may be responsible for some of the variability seen in the symptoms of different individuals with the same genetic immunodeficiency. This is an important concept since essentially all humans have life-long chronic infections from various herpesviruses, as well as other viruses that form the human virome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04494.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A MacDuff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Tiffany A Reese
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Kimmey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Leslie A Weiss
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Christina Song
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Amal Kambal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Erning Duan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Javier A Carrero
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | | | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Cell Activation, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée, Paris, France
| | - Alain Israel
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Cell Activation, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | | | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
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81
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Sasaki Y, Iwai K. Roles of the NF-κB Pathway in B-Lymphocyte Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 393:177-209. [PMID: 26275874 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB was originally identified as a family of transcription factors that bind the enhancer of the immunoglobulin κ light-chain gene. Although its function in the regulation of immunoglobulin κ light-chain gene remains unclear, NF-κB plays critical roles in development, survival, and activation of B lymphocytes. In B cells, many receptors, including B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), activate NF-κB pathway, and the molecular mechanism of receptor-mediated activation of IκB kinase (IKK) complex has been partially revealed. In addition to normal B lymphocytes, NF-κB is also involved in the growth of some types of B-cell lymphomas, and many oncogenic mutations involved in constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway were recently identified in such cancers. In this review, we first summarize the function of NF-κB in B-cell development and activation, and then describe recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of receptor-mediated activation of the IKK complex, focusing on the roles of the ubiquitin system. In the last section, we describe oncogenic mutations that induce NF-κB activation in B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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82
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Sasaki Y, Fujita H, Nakai M, Iwai K. Immunoblot analysis of linear polyubiquitination of NEMO. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1280:297-309. [PMID: 25736756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2422-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation with inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 activates the canonical NF-κB pathway through the activation of the IKK complex. The mechanism underlying IKK activation has been extensively studied and the involvement of the ubiquitin system has been well documented. We have recently reported that a novel ubiquitin ligase complex, LUBAC is involved in the activation of the IKK complex. LUBAC consists of one catalytic subunit, HOIP and two accessory molecules, HOIL-1L and SHARPIN and activates the IKK complex by conjugating the linear polyubiquitin chains to NEMO (IKKγ), the regulatory subunit of IKK complex. In this chapter, we describe the protocol for the detection of the linear polyubiquitination of NEMO by the immunoblotting using anti-linear ubiquitin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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83
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Peltzer N, Rieser E, Taraborrelli L, Draber P, Darding M, Pernaute B, Shimizu Y, Sarr A, Draberova H, Montinaro A, Martinez-Barbera JP, Silke J, Rodriguez TA, Walczak H. HOIP deficiency causes embryonic lethality by aberrant TNFR1-mediated endothelial cell death. Cell Rep 2014; 9:153-165. [PMID: 25284787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), consisting of HOIL-1, HOIP, and SHARPIN, is the only known ubiquitin ligase that generates linear ubiquitin linkages. HOIP is the catalytically active LUBAC component. Here, we show that both constitutive and Tie2-Cre-driven HOIP deletion lead to aberrant endothelial cell death, resulting in defective vascularization and embryonic lethality at midgestation. Ablation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) prevents cell death, vascularization defects, and death at midgestation. HOIP-deficient cells are more sensitive to death induction by both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), and aberrant complex-II formation is responsible for sensitization to TNFR1-mediated cell death in the absence of HOIP. Finally, we show that HOIP's catalytic activity is necessary for preventing TNF-induced cell death. Hence, LUBAC and its linear-ubiquitin-forming activity are required for maintaining vascular integrity during embryogenesis by preventing TNFR1-mediated endothelial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Maurice Darding
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Barbara Pernaute
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Aida Sarr
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Helena Draberova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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84
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Fiil BK, Gyrd-Hansen M. Met1-linked ubiquitination in immune signalling. FEBS J 2014; 281:4337-50. [PMID: 25060092 PMCID: PMC4286102 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal methionine-linked ubiquitin (Met1-Ub), or linear ubiquitin, has emerged as a central post-translational modification in innate immune signalling. The molecular machinery that assembles, senses and, more recently, disassembles Met1-Ub has been identified, and technical advances have enabled the identification of physiological substrates for Met1-Ub in response to activation of innate immune receptors. These discoveries have significantly advanced our understanding of how nondegradative ubiquitin modifications control proinflammatory responses mediated by nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In this review, we discuss the current data on Met1-Ub function and regulation, and point to some of the questions that still remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe K Fiil
- Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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85
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Bonnaure G, Néron S. N-acetyl cysteine regulates the phosphorylation of JAK proteins following CD40-activation of human memory B cells. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:209-18. [PMID: 25016575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During their development, human B lymphocytes migrate into various environments, each presenting important variations in their redox balance depending on oxygen availability. The modulation of the cells surroundings redox balance leads to the regulation of reactive oxygen species produced by the cell. These molecules are involved in the state of oxidation of the cytosol and affect many pathways involved in cell development, differentiation and protein secretion. B lymphocytes cultured in presence of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and under CD154 stimulation, present increases in their intracellular levels of ROS. However, when N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, is added, STAT3 phosphorylation is decreased. In this study, we show that in activated human memory B cells, NAC inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine 705 but not on Serine 727. Moreover, higher concentrations of NAC decreased STAT3 synthesis. Two other antioxidants, α-tocopherol and Trolox, did not affect STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, two kinases involved in STAT3 activation, known as JAK2 and JAK3, appeared down-regulated in presence of NAC. In parallel, 3h after antioxidants incubation, we have observed a decrease in SOCS1 and SOCS3 protein levels, which seems time-related to antioxidant treatment. The decrease in the phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3, earlier in the process, could explain the downregulation of STAT3 and offer a hypothesis on the mechanism of action of NAC antioxidant properties which were confirmed by a decrease in the level of S-glutathionylation of proteins. The reduced expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 appears directly linked to the inhibition of this STAT3-regulated pathway. In summary, NAC appears as a potential regulator of the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bonnaure
- Production cellulaire, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V5C3; Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bio-informatique , Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V0A6
| | - Sonia Néron
- Production cellulaire, Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V5C3; Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bio-informatique , Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V0A6.
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86
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87
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Corn JE, Vucic D. Ubiquitin in inflammation: the right linkage makes all the difference. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:297-300. [PMID: 24699077 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Corn
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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88
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Dubois et al show a catalytic-independent role of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) in lymphocyte activation and B-cell malignancy.1 These data add a new layer of versatility to the recently established role of LUBAC in nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling.
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89
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Abstract
The RBR (RING-BetweenRING-RING) or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a group of 12 complex multidomain enzymes. This unique family of E3 ligases includes parkin, whose dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease, and HOIP (HOIL-1-interacting protein) and HOIL-1 (haem-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1), members of the LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). The RBR E3 ligases share common features with both the larger RING and HECT (homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus) E3 ligase families, directly catalysing ubiquitin transfer from an intrinsic catalytic cysteine housed in the C-terminal domain, as well as recruiting thioester-bound E2 enzymes via a RING domain. Recent three-dimensional structures and biochemical findings of the RBRs have revealed novel protein domain folds not previously envisioned and some surprising modes of regulation that have raised many questions. This has required renaming two of the domains in the RBR E3 ligases to more accurately reflect their structures and functions: the C-terminal Rcat (required-for-catalysis) domain, essential for catalytic activity, and a central BRcat (benign-catalytic) domain that adopts the same fold as the Rcat, but lacks a catalytic cysteine residue and ubiquitination activity. The present review discusses how three-dimensional structures of RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) E3 ligases have provided new insights into our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.
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90
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Yang Y, Schmitz R, Mitala J, Whiting A, Xiao W, Ceribelli M, Wright GW, Zhao H, Yang Y, Xu W, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Rimsza LM, Campo E, Jaffe ES, Delabie J, Smeland EB, Braziel RM, Tubbs RR, Cook JR, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC, Wiestner A, Kruhlak MJ, Iwai K, Bernal F, Staudt LM. Essential role of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex in lymphoma revealed by rare germline polymorphisms. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:480-93. [PMID: 24491438 PMCID: PMC3992927 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Constitutive activation of NF-κB is a hallmark of the activated B cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), owing to upstream signals from the B-cell receptor (BCR) and MYD88 pathways. The linear polyubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) attaches linear polyubiquitin chains to IκB kinase-γ, a necessary event in some pathways that engage NF-κB. Two germline polymorphisms affecting the LUBAC subunit RNF31 are rare among healthy individuals (∼1%) but enriched in ABC DLBCL (7.8%). These polymorphisms alter RNF31 α-helices that mediate binding to the LUBAC subunit RBCK1, thereby increasing RNF31-RBCK1 association, LUBAC enzymatic activity, and NF-κB engagement. In the BCR pathway, LUBAC associates with the CARD11-MALT1-BCL10 adapter complex and is required for ABC DLBCL viability. A stapled RNF31 α-helical peptide based on the ABC DLBCL-associated Q622L polymorphism inhibited RNF31-RBCK1 binding, decreased NF-κB activation, and killed ABC DLBCL cells, credentialing this protein-protein interface as a therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE We provide genetic, biochemical, and functional evidence that the LUBAC ubiquitin ligase is a therapeutic target in ABC DLBCL, the DLBCL subtype that is most refractory to current therapy. More generally, our findings highlight the role of rare germline-encoded protein variants in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Mitala
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Whiting
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George W. Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yandan Yang
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weihong Xu
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Rimsza
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elias Campo
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine S. Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Delabie
- Pathology Clinic, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend B. Smeland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet University Hospital and Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty Division of the Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Raymond R. Tubbs
- Cleveland Clinic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James. R. Cook
- Cleveland Clinic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Wing C. Chan
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Federico Bernal
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tamiya H, Terao M, Takiuchi T, Nakahara M, Sasaki Y, Katayama I, Yoshikawa H, Iwai K. IFN-γ or IFN-α ameliorates chronic proliferative dermatitis by inducing expression of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3793-804. [PMID: 24634492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) ubiquitin ligase complex, composed of HOIL-1L-interacting protein (HOIP), heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1L (HOIL-1L), and SHANK-associated RH domain protein, specifically generates linear polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-κB activation. Lack of SHANK-associated RH domain protein, which drastically reduces the amount of HOIP and HOIL-1L, causes chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm) in mice. Impaired NF-κB activation and augmented apoptosis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cpdm in mice. In this study, we found that IFN-γ increased the amount of LUBAC by inducing HOIP and HOIL-1L mRNA transcription and enhanced the signal-induced NF-κB activation in embryonic fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type and/or cpdm mice; however, IFN-γ failed to augment NF-κB activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking linear polyubiquitination activity of LUBAC. Moreover, s.c. injection of IFN-γ for 3 wk into the skin of cpdm mice increased the amount of HOIP, suppressed apoptosis, and ameliorated the dermatitis. Inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis by IFN-γ injection suppressed neutrophil, macrophage, and mast cell infiltration and the amount of TNF-α in the skin of cpdm mice. Similarly, IFN-α also enhanced the amount of HOIP as well as NF-κB activation, inhibited apoptosis, and ameliorated cpdm dermatitis. These results indicate that the IFNs enhance NF-κB activation and ameliorate cpdm dermatitis by augmenting expression of HOIP and HOIL-1L and linear polyubiquitination activity of LUBAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Tamiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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92
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A catalytic-independent role for the LUBAC in NF-κB activation upon antigen receptor engagement and in lymphoma cells. Blood 2014; 123:2199-203. [PMID: 24497531 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-504019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor-mediated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation relies on the formation of a large multi-protein complex that contains CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 (CBM complex). This signalosome is pirated in the activated B-cell-like subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) to drive aberrant NF-κB activation, thereby promoting cell survival and propagation. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we screened for additional components of the CBM in lymphocytes. We found that the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which was previously linked to cytokine-mediated NF-κB activation, dynamically integrates the CBM and marshals NF-κB optimal activation following antigen receptor ligation independently of its catalytic activity. The LUBAC also participates in preassembled CBM complex in cells derived from ABC DLBCL. Silencing the LUBAC reduced NF-κB activation and was toxic in ABC DLBCL cell lines. Thus, our findings reveal a role for the LUBAC during lymphocyte activation and in B-cell malignancy.
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93
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Mechanism underlying IκB kinase activation mediated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1322-35. [PMID: 24469399 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01538-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) ligase, consisting of HOIL-1L, HOIP, and SHARPIN, specifically generates linear polyubiquitin chains. LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination has been implicated in NF-κB activation. NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, is a substrate of LUBAC, but the precise molecular mechanism underlying linear chain-mediated NF-κB activation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that linearly polyubiquitinated NEMO activates IKK more potently than unanchored linear chains. In mutational analyses based on the crystal structure of the complex between the HOIP NZF1 and NEMO CC2-LZ domains, which are involved in the HOIP-NEMO interaction, NEMO mutations that impaired linear ubiquitin recognition activity and prevented recognition by LUBAC synergistically suppressed signal-induced NF-κB activation. HOIP NZF1 bound to NEMO and ubiquitin simultaneously, and HOIP NZF1 mutants defective in interaction with either NEMO or ubiquitin could not restore signal-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, linear chain-mediated activation of IKK2 involved homotypic interaction of the IKK2 kinase domain. Collectively, these results demonstrate that linear polyubiquitination of NEMO plays crucial roles in IKK activation and that this modification involves the HOIP NZF1 domain and recognition of NEMO-conjugated linear ubiquitin chains by NEMO on another IKK complex.
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94
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Takiuchi T, Nakagawa T, Tamiya H, Fujita H, Sasaki Y, Saeki Y, Takeda H, Sawasaki T, Buchberger A, Kimura T, Iwai K. Suppression of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination by a specific interaction between LUBAC and the deubiquitinases CYLD and OTULIN. Genes Cells 2014; 19:254-72. [PMID: 24461064 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chains generated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) play an important role in NF-κB activation. However, the regulation of linear ubiquitin chain generation by LUBAC is not well characterized. Here, we identified two deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), ovarian tumor DUB with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN/Gumby/FAM105B) and cylindromatosis (CYLD) that can cleave linear polyubiquitin chains and interact with LUBAC via the N-terminal PNGase/UBA or UBX (PUB) domain of HOIP, a catalytic subunit of LUBAC. HOIP interacts with both CYLD and OTULIN even in unstimulated cells. The interaction of CYLD and OTULIN with HOIP synergistically suppresses LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination and NF-κB activation. Moreover, introduction of a HOIP mutant unable to bind either deubiquitinase into HOIP-null cells augments the activation of NF-κB by TNF-α stimulation. Thus, the interactions between these two deubiquitinases and the LUBAC ubiquitin ligase are involved in controlling the extent of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in cells by fine-tuning the generation of linear ubiquitin chains by LUBAC. The interaction of HOIP with OTULIN is also involved in OTULIN suppressing the canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation by LUBAC. Our observations provide molecular insights into the roles of ligase-deubiquitinase interactions in regulating molecular events resulting from linear ubiquitin conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takiuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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95
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. There is increasing evidence that both ubiquitination and its reversal, deubiquitination, play crucial roles not only during the development of the immune system but also in the orchestration of an immune response by ensuring the proper functioning of the different cell types that constitute the immune system. Here, we provide an overview of the latest discoveries in this field and discuss how they impact our understanding of the ubiquitin system in host defence mechanisms as well as self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zinngrebe
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI) UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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96
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Hinz M, Scheidereit C. The IκB kinase complex in NF-κB regulation and beyond. EMBO Rep 2013; 15:46-61. [PMID: 24375677 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201337983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The IκB kinase (IKK) complex is the signal integration hub for NF-κB activation. Composed of two serine-threonine kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and the regulatory subunit NEMO (also known as IKKγ), the IKK complex integrates signals from all NF-κB activating stimuli to catalyze the phosphorylation of various IκB and NF-κB proteins, as well as of other substrates. Since the discovery of the IKK complex components about 15 years ago, tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of the IKK architecture and its integration into signaling networks. In addition to the control of NF-κB, IKK subunits mediate the crosstalk with other pathways, thereby extending the complexity of their biological function. This review summarizes recent advances in IKK biology and focuses on emerging aspects of IKK structure, regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hinz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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