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Wu L, Jiang C, Kang Y, Dai Y, Fang W, Huang P. Curcumin exerts protective effects against hypoxia‑reoxygenation injury via the enhancement of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in SH‑SY5Y cells: Involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:993-1004. [PMID: 32124937 PMCID: PMC7053876 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be fully elucidated. Emerging evidence indicated that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a multifunctional enzyme, participates in neuronal survival against I/R injury. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether curcumin alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reper-fusion (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, which serves as an in vitro model of cerebral I/R injury, by regulating APE1. The results revealed that curcumin increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, downregulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression and upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R. Simultaneously, curcumin eliminated the OGD/R-induced decreases in APE1 protein and mRNA expression, as well as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level and AP sites in SH-SY5Y cells. However, APE1 knockdown by siRNA transfection markedly abrogated the protective effects of curcumin against OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress, as illustrated by the decreases in reactive oxygen species production and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, curcumin mitigated the OGD/R-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT pathway activity, attenuated the protective effects of curcumin on cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and reversed the curcumin-induced upregulation of APE1 protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R. Taken together, these results demonstrated that curcumin protects SH-SY5Y cells against OGD/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, and via enhancing the APE1 level and activity, promoting PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Cao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, P.R. China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Yaji Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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Shen B, Chapman JH, Custance MF, Tricola GM, Jones CE, Furano AV. Perturbation of base excision repair sensitizes breast cancer cells to APOBEC3 deaminase-mediated mutations. eLife 2020; 9:e51605. [PMID: 31904337 PMCID: PMC6961979 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant APOBEC3 (A3) deaminase-mediated mutations can dominate the mutational landscape ('mutator phenotype') of some cancers, however, the basis of this sporadic vulnerability is unknown. We show here that elevated expression of the bifunctional DNA glycosylase, NEIL2, sensitizes breast cancer cells to A3B-mediated mutations and double-strand breaks (DSBs) by perturbing canonical base excision repair (BER). NEIL2 usurps the canonical lyase, APE1, at abasic sites in a purified BER system, rendering them poor substrates for polymerase β. However, the nicked NEIL2 product can serve as an entry site for Exo1 in vitro to generate single-stranded DNA, which would be susceptible to both A3B and DSBs. As NEIL2 or Exo1 depletion mitigates the DNA damage caused by A3B expression, we suggest that aberrant NEIL2 expression can explain certain instances of A3B-mediated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Shen
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Joseph H Chapman
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Michael F Custance
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Gianna M Tricola
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Charles E Jones
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Anthony V Furano
- Section on Genomic Structure and Function, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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Koliadenko V, Wilanowski T. Additional functions of selected proteins involved in DNA repair. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:1-15. [PMID: 31639437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon in which a single polypeptide chain can perform a number of different unrelated functions. Here we present our analysis of moonlighting in the case of selected DNA repair proteins which include G:T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 (MBD4), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), AlkB homologs, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1). Most of their additional functions are not accidental and clear patterns are emerging. Participation in RNA metabolism is not surprising as bases occurring in RNA are the same or very similar to those in DNA. Other common additional function involves regulation of transcription. This is not unexpected as these proteins bind to specific DNA regions for DNA repair, hence they can also be recruited to regulate transcription. Participation in demethylation and replication of DNA appears logical as well. Some of the multifunctional DNA repair proteins play major roles in many diseases, including cancer. However, their moonlighting might prove a major difficulty in the development of new therapies because it will not be trivial to target a single protein function without affecting its other functions that are not related to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlada Koliadenko
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Ilji Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Ilji Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Santos HBDP, Morais EFD, Cavalcante RB, Nogueira RLM, Nonaka CFW, Souza LBD, Freitas RDA. Immunoexpression of DNA base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins in ameloblastomas, syndromic and non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104627. [PMID: 31862643 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunoexpression of DNA base excision repair (BER) [apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1), X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC-1)] and nucleotide excision repair (NER) [xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group (XPF)] proteins in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions with different biological behaviors. DESIGN Thirty solid ameloblastomas, 30 non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (NSOKCs), 29 syndromic odontogenic keratocysts (SKOCs), 30 dentigerous cysts (DCs) and 20 dental follicles (DFs) were evaluated quantitatively for APE-1, XRCC-1 and XPF through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nuclear expression of APE-1 was significantly higher in NSOKCs, SOKCs, and ameloblastomas in comparison to DCs (p < 0.001). Nuclear expression of XRCC-1 was higher in NSOKCs and SOKCs than in DCs (p < 0.05). At the nuclear level, XPF expression was higher in NSOKCs and SOKCs than in DCs and ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). A statistically significant higher expression of APE-1 (nuclear), XRCC-1 (nuclear), and XPF (nuclear and cytoplasmic) was found in all odontogenic lesion samples as compared to DFs (p < 0.05). For all lesions, there was a positive correlation between nuclear expression of APE-1 and XRCC-1 or XPF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a potential involvement of APE-1, XRCC-1 and XPF proteins in the pathogenesis of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions, especially in those with more aggressive biological behavior, such as ameloblastomas, NSOKCs, and SOKCs. We also showed that the expression of APE-1 was positively correlated with the nuclear expression of XRCC-1 and XPF, which may suggest an interaction between the BER and NER pathways in all odontogenic lesions studied herein.
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Maia de Oliveira da Silva JP, Brugnerotto AF, S. Romanello K, K. L. Teixeira K, Lanaro C, S. Duarte A, G. L. Costa G, da Silva Araújo A, C. Bezerra MA, de Farias Domingos I, Pereira Martins DA, Malavazi I, F. Costa F, Cunha AF. Global gene expression reveals an increase of HMGB1 and APEX1 proteins and their involvement in oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation pathways among beta‐thalassaemia intermedia and major phenotypes. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:608-619. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Flávia Brugnerotto
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia Universidade Estadual de Campinas CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Karen S. Romanello
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSão PauloBrazil
| | - Karina K. L. Teixeira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSão PauloBrazil
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia Universidade Estadual de Campinas CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Adriana S. Duarte
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia Universidade Estadual de Campinas CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gustavo G. L. Costa
- Centro Nacional de Processamento de Alto Desempenho em São Paulo. CENAPAD‐SP Campinas São PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fernando F. Costa
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia Universidade Estadual de Campinas CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Anderson F. Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos São CarlosSão PauloBrazil
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The antioxidant and DNA-repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 limits the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis partly by modulating the immune system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7823. [PMID: 31127150 PMCID: PMC6534557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that controls the cellular response to oxidative stress and possesses DNA-repair functions. It has important roles in the progression and outcomes of various diseases; however, its function and therapeutic prospects with respect to kidney injury are unknown. To study this, we activated APE1 during kidney injury by constructing an expression vector (pCAG-APE1), using an EGFP expression plasmid (pCAG-EGFP) as a control. We performed unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) as a model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis on ICR mice before each vector was administrated via retrograde renal vein injection. In this model, pCAG-APE1 injection did not produce any adverse effects and significantly reduced histological end points including fibrosis, inflammation, tubular injury, and oxidative stress, as compared to those parameters after pCAG-EGFP injection. qPCR analysis showed significantly lower expression of Casp3 and inflammation-related genes in pCAG-APE1-injected animals compared to those in pCAG-EGFP-injected UUO kidneys. RNA-Seq analyses showed that the major transcriptional changes in pCAG-APE1-injected UUO kidneys were related to immune system processes, metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and apoptosis, leading to normal kidney repair. Therefore, APE1 suppressed renal fibrosis, not only via antioxidant and DNA-repair functions, but also partly by modulating the immune system through multiple pathways including Il6, Tnf, and chemokine families. Thus, therapeutic APE1 modulation might be beneficial for the treatment of renal diseases.
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Wang C, Li L, Xu L, Yu Y, Su X. Probing and regulating the activity of cellular enzymes by using DNA tetrahedron nanostructures. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5959-5966. [PMID: 31360402 PMCID: PMC6566069 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the essential role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) in gene repair and cancer progression, we report a novel approach for probing and regulating cellular APE1 activity by using DNA tetrahedrons.
Given the essential role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) in gene repair and cancer progression, we report a novel approach for probing and regulating cellular APE1 activity by using DNA tetrahedrons. The tetrahedron with an AP site-containing antenna exhibits high sensitivity and specificity to APE1. It is suitable for APE1 in vitro detection (detection limit 5 pM) and cellular fluorescence imaging without any auxiliary transfection reagents, which discriminates the APE1 expression level of cancer cells and normal cells. In contrast, the tetrahedron with an AP site on its scaffold exhibits high binding affinity to APE1 but limits enzymatic catalysis making this nanostructure an APE1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 14.8 nM. It suppresses the APE1 activity in living cells and sensitizes cancer cells to anticancer drugs. We also demonstrate that the APE1 probe and inhibitor can be switched allosterically via stand displacement, which holds potential for reversible inhibition of APE1. Our approach provides a new way for fabricating enzyme probes and regulators and new insights into enzyme–substrate interactions, and it can be expanded to regulate other nucleic acid related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Yingnan Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Congshan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Lidan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Lida Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tufts University , Medford , MA 02155 , USA .
| | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China .
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Li H, Zhong C, Wang Q, Chen W, Yuan Y. Curcumin is an APE1 redox inhibitor and exhibits an antiviral activity against KSHV replication and pathogenesis. Antiviral Res 2019; 167:98-103. [PMID: 31034848 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol, is the main bioactive compound in dietary spice turmeric curcuma longa. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-neoplastic properties and shows potentials in treating or preventing particular diseases such as oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome, arthritis, anxiety, hyperlipidemia and cancers. The diverse range and potential health beneficial effects has generated enthusiasm leading to intensive investigation into the phytochemical. However, a concern has been also raised if curcumin has a promiscuous bioassay profile and is a Pan-Assay INterference compound (PAINS). Here we present evidence indicating that curcumin is not a PAINS, but an inhibitor to APE1 redox function that affects many genes and pathways. This discovery explains the wide range of effects of curcumin on diverse human diseases and predicts a potential application in treatment of viral infection and virus-associated cancer. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated that curcumin is able to efficiently block Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and inhibit the pathogenic processes of angiogenesis and cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Canrong Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weikang Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) influences brain development linking oxidative stress and DNA repair. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 31024003 PMCID: PMC6484078 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain and neurons are particularly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage from ROS results in increased 8-oxoguanine in DNA followed by repair through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We reported earlier that AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) not only participates directly in BER but also regulates transcription factor Creb1. Here, we investigated how Apex1 affects brain to respond effectively to oxidative damage during zebrafish development. Loss of Apex1 resulted in increased ROS, 8-oxoguanine, and abasic sites as well as loss of Ogg1, which recognizes 8-oxoguanine and is required for its repair. Moreover, knock-down of Apex1 not only resulted in reduction of expression of several major proteins in the BER pathway (Polb and Ogg1), and it also resulted in maldistribution and loss of four key brain transcription factors (fezf2, otx2, egr2a, and pax2a), leading to abnormal brain development. These results were independent of p53 protein level. In contrast, exposure to exogenous H2O2 resulted in increased transcription and protein of Apex1 along with other BER components, as well as Creb1. Taken together, these results indicate that oxidative stress increased when the level of Apex1 was reduced, revealing a novel pathway of how Apex1 manages oxidative stress in developing brain.
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P53 supports endothelial barrier function via APE1/Ref1 suppression. Immunobiology 2019; 224:532-538. [PMID: 31023490 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein P53 is strongly involved in orchestrating cellular defenses in the diverse variety of human tissues. Anomalies to lung endothelium permeability are streaming severe consequences towards human health, often associated with fatal outcomes. Ongoing investigations suggest that P53 exerts a prominent strategic role in crucial signaling cascades, in charge of both the maintenance and defense of pulmonary endothelium against toxic intruders. The current study employs human and bovine lung microvascular cells, as well as pharmacologic and genetic P53 modulators to demonstrate the negative regulation of APE1/Ref1 by P53. Moreover, it includes real time measurements of endothelial permeability, to reveal the disruptive role of APE1/Ref1 towards endothelial integrity. Those findings supports our efforts to elucidate the highly sophisticated regulatory network that enact endothelial adaptations under the plethora of challenging environmental factors.
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Ma X, Dang C, Min W, Diao Y, Hui W, Wang X, Dai Z, Wang X, Kang H. Downregulation of APE1 potentiates breast cancer cells to olaparib by inhibiting PARP-1 expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:109-117. [PMID: 30989461 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting DNA repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis may be a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment. Olaparib is proved to have anticancer effect by inhibiting DNA repairing protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). However, the cytotoxicity of olaparib is very limited to homologous recombination-proficient cells. This study aims to examine the effect and mechanism of olaparib treatment in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We investigated the cytotoxic effect of various doses of olaparib treatment to MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells in vitro. mRNA and protein levels of PARP and APE1 were examined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. APE1-deficient cell lines were created by RNA interference and used for in vitro cytotoxicity study as well as in vivo study. RESULTS 2 µM or higher concentrations of olaparib lead to significant cell death and ROS production. Moreover, olaparib treatment not only inhibits PARP1, but also reduces the expression of APE1 in both mRNA and protein levels. Deficiency of APE1 resulted in increased sensitivity of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells to olaparib treatment. In vivo study showed that reduction of APE1 significantly reduced the volume and weight of MCF-7 xenografted tumors when treated with olaparib, which suggests the synergistic function of inhibition of APE1 in promoting antitumor effects of olaparib treatment. CONCLUSION To acquire better benefits for HR-proficient breast cancer patients, developing chemotherapeutic drugs antagonize APE1 would be an effective strategy to improve the clinical outcome of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weili Min
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Diao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentao Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, China.
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SET protein accumulation prevents cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of redox state and autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:623-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by plants and microbes: their cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2913-2935. [PMID: 30778643 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) with their diverse physical and chemical properties have been applied in various biomedical domains. The increasing demand for MNPs has attracted researchers to develop straightforward, inexpensive, simple, and eco-friendly processes for the enhanced production of MNPs. To discover new biomedical applications first requires knowledge of the interactions of MNPs with target cells. This review focuses on plant and microbial synthesis of biological MNPs, their cellular uptake, biocompatibility, any biological consequences such as cytotoxicity, and biomedical applications. We highlighted the involvement of biomolecules in capping and stabilization of MNPs and the effect of physicochemical parameters particularly the pH on the synthesis of MNPs. Recently achieved milestones to understand the role of synthetic biology (SynBiol) in the synthesis of tailored MNPs are also discussed.
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Hao J, Du H, Liu F, Lu JC, Yang XC, Cui W. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1 (APE1) alleviates myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2143-2151. [PMID: 30867702 PMCID: PMC6395998 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered to be activators of apoptosis and serve a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that processes the cellular response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Little is known about the role of APE1 in the pathogenesis of MI/R injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of APE1 on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury and the underlying mechanism responsible. It was demonstrated that H/R decreased cell viability and increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, as well as reducing APE1 expression in H9c2 cells. However, APE1 overexpression induced by transfection with APE1-expressing lentivirus significantly increased H9c2 cell viability, decreased LDH release, decreased apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 activity in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. APE1 overexpression ameliorated the H/R-induced increases in reactive oxygen species and NAPDH oxidase expression, as well as the decreases in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione expression. Furthermore, APE1 overexpression increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, stabilized electron transport chain activity (as illustrated by increased NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities) and decreased the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 in H/R, improving mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that APE1 alleviates H/R-induced injury in H9c2 cells by attenuating oxidative stress and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. APE1 may therefore be used as an effective treatment for MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Chao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Chun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Huang HI, Chen CH, Wang SH, Wang LH, Lin YC. Effects of APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphisms on OPMD malignant transformation, and on susceptibility to and overall survival of oral cancer in Taiwan. Head Neck 2019; 41:1557-1564. [PMID: 30652382 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral cancer development and prognosis, and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) functional polymorphisms are unclear. METHODS Patients with OPMDs, patients with oral cancer, and healthy controls from the community were recruited to determine the effects of APE1 polymorphisms on malignant transformation, overall survival, and genetic susceptibility, respectively. RESULTS The APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphisms significantly correlated with a high hazard ratio for OPMD malignant transformation (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-3.74) and low overall survival in oral cancer patients (AHR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.11-2.56) according to follow-up and survival analysis. However, APE1 polymorphisms did not significantly correlate with development of oral cancer in the case-control study and logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that APE1 Asp148Glu polymorphisms may have indirect roles in increasing the OPMD malignant transformation rate and in decreasing overall survival in oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Huang
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Xu T, Lu B. The effects of phytochemicals on circadian rhythm and related diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:882-892. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1493678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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67
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Xie J, Li Y, Kong J, Li C. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1/Redox Factor-1 Could Serve as a Potential Serological Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:859-866. [PMID: 30611690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that shows elevated expression in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the serum APE1/REF-1 level remains unknown in such patients. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the serum APE/Ref-1 levels in patients with OSCC and measure its association with the diagnosis, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis of OSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 98 primary patients with OSCC and 109 age- or gender-matched normal controls were included in our case-control study. The predictor variable was the serum APE1/Ref-1 level, which was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The outcome variables included diagnosis, clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment response, and OSCC prognosis. The optimal cutoff points of serum APE1/Ref-1 were identified using the X-tile program with minimum P values. Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS The average patient and control age was 51.6 ± 8.7 years (63 men; 35 women) and 52.4 ± 10.3 years (67 men; 42 women), respectively. The serum APE1/Ref-1 level was significantly greater in patients with OSCC than that in the controls (4.56 ± 1.09 ng/mL vs 3.18 ± 0.88 ng/mL; P < .01). Much higher serum APE1/Ref-1 levels were observed in those with OSCC with late TNM stage, lymph node metastases, and worse pathologic differentiation. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis illustrated that the serum APE1/Ref-1 level was a potential biomarker for differentiating OSCC, with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.88; sensitivity, 0.87; specificity, 0.68). The log-rank analysis revealed that patients with OSCC and a low APE1/Ref-1 level experienced longer disease-free survival after postoperative cisplatin chemotherapy and overall survival (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS An elevated APE1/Ref-1 level might serve as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for OSCC and can reflect the treatment response to cisplatin chemotherapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Xie
- Attending Doctor, Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Nurse-in-Charge, Department of Liver Disease, Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- Doctor, Department of Oral Medicine, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Guo L, Ding G, Xu W, Lu Y, Ge H, Jiang Y, Chen X, Li Y. Prognostic biological factors of radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with pulmonary perfusion imaging. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:244-250. [PMID: 30651789 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the most common dose-limiting toxicity syndromes in patients with thoracic malignant tumors receiving radiotherapy. The present study aimed to identify biological factors for the prediction of RP. Pulmonary perfusion imaging is capable of reflecting the differential functional activity of various regions of the lung, and in the present study, radiotherapy plans that were established on the basis that pulmonary perfusion images have high biological conformality, which may identify regions vulnerable to RP to spare them from radiation. A total of 46 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), exhibiting high and low levels of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (Ape-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and interleukin (IL)-17A prior to treatment, with SBRT with respective cut-off values of 4.2, 3.0 and 5.1 µg/l were stratified into groups A and B. Patients received radiation doses within the margin of the planning target volume. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was used for the treatment of NSCLC and single-photon emission computed tomography pulmonary perfusion imaging was used to assess all patients for the presence of RP. Furthermore, the serum levels of Ape-1, ICAM-1 and IL-17A were examined by ELISA. Prior to SBRT, perfusion images indicated that no RP was present in any of the patients, and 23 patients had high levels of Ape-1, ICAM-1 and IL-17A. After SBRT, 22 out of 23 patients in group A (95.65%) presented with RP and 1 patient (4.35%) had no RP. In group B, 6 out of 23 patients (26.09%) had RP and 17 patients (73.91%) had no RP after SBRT. The difference between the two groups in the incidence of RP was significant (P=1.66×10-12 <0.05). In conclusion, high levels of Ape-1, ICAM-1 and IL-17A are associated with an increased risk of RP. A further analysis should be performed in the future to verify whether these factors have significant prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Wencai Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE RNA is a heterogeneous class of molecules with the minority being protein coding. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in translation and epigenetic control mechanisms of gene expression. Recent Advances: In recent years, the number of identified ncRNAs has dramatically increased and it is now clear that ncRNAs provide a complex layer of differential gene expression control. CRITICAL ISSUES NcRNAs exhibit interplay with redox regulation. Redox regulation alters the expression of ncRNAs; conversely, ncRNAs alter the expression of generator and effector systems of redox regulation in a complex manner, which will be the focus of this review article. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the role of ncRNA in redox control will lead to the development of new strategies to alter redox programs. Given that many ncRNAs (particularly microRNAs [miRNAs]) change large gene sets, these molecules are attractive drug candidates; already, now miRNAs can be targeted in patients. Therefore, the development of ncRNA therapies focusing on these molecules is an attractive future strategy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 793-812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S Leisegang
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- 1 Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
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Bhat AA, Lu H, Soutto M, Capobianco A, Rai P, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Exposure of Barrett's and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells to bile acids activates EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis via induction of APE1. Oncogene 2018; 37:6011-6024. [PMID: 29991802 PMCID: PMC6328352 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of Barret’s esophagus (BE) and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is highly linked to exposure to acidic bile salts due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this study, we investigated the role of Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 /redox effector factor-1 (APE-1/REF-1) in STAT3 activation in response to EAC. Our results indicate that APE1 is constitutively overexpressed in EAC whereas its expression is transiently induced in response to acidic bile salts in non-neoplastic BE. Using overexpression or shRNA knockdown of APE1, we found that APE1 is required for phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcription activation of STAT3. By using an APE1 redox-specific mutant (C65A) and APE1 redox inhibitor (E3330), we demonstrate that APE1 activates STAT3 in a redox-dependent manner. By using pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic knockdown systems, we found that EGFR is a required link between APE1 and STAT3. EGFR phosphorylation (Y1068) was directly associated with APE1 levels and redox function. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays indicated that APE-1 coexists and interacts with the EGFR-STAT3 protein complex. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrated a significant induction in mRNA expression levels of STAT3 target genes (IL-6, IL-17A, BCL-xL, Survivin and c-Myc) in BE and EAC cells, following acidic bile salts treatment. ChIP assays indicated that acidic bile salts treatment enhances binding of STAT3 to the promoter of its target genes, Survivin and BCL-xL. Inhibition of APE1/REF-1 redox activity using E3330 abrogated STAT3 DNA binding and transcriptional activity. The induction of APE-1 - STAT3 axis in acidic bile salts conditions provided a survival advantage and promoted cellular proliferation. In summary, our study provides multiple pieces of evidence supporting a critical role for APE1 induction in activating the EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis in response to acidic bile salts, the main risk factors for Barrett’s carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Capobianco
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
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Yan T, Venkat P, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Yu P, Ning R, Qiao X, Kelley MR, Chen J. APX3330 Promotes Neurorestorative Effects after Stroke in Type One Diabetic Rats. Aging Dis 2018; 9:453-466. [PMID: 29896433 PMCID: PMC5988600 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
APX3330 is a selective inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of APX3330 treatment in type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) stroke rats. Adult male Wistar rats were induced with T1DM and subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with either PBS or APX3330 (10mg/kg, oral gavage) starting at 24h after MCAo, and daily for 14 days. Rats were sacrificed at 14 days after MCAo and, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, ischemic lesion volume, immunohistochemistry, cell death assay, Western blot, real time PCR, and angiogenic ELISA array were performed. Compared to PBS treatment, APX3330 treatment of stroke in T1DM rats significantly improves neurological functional outcome, decreases lesion volume, and improves BBB integrity as well as decreases total vessel density and VEGF expression, while significantly increases arterial density in the ischemic border zone (IBZ). APX3330 significantly increases myelin density, oligodendrocyte number, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell number, synaptic protein expression, and induces M2 macrophage polarization in the IBZ of T1DM stroke rats. Compared to PBS treatment, APX3330 treatment significantly decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts expression in the ischemic brain of T1DM stroke rats. APX3330 treatment significantly decreases cell death and MMP9 and PAI-1 gene expression in cultured primary cortical neurons subjected to high glucose and oxygen glucose deprivation, compared to untreated control cells. APX3330 treatment increases M2 macrophage polarization and decreases inflammatory factor expression in the ischemic brain as well as promotes neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects after stroke in T1DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- 1Gerontology Institute, Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Poornima Venkat
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,3Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,4Department of Neurology, First Hospital Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qiao
- 5Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- 6Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- 2Department of Neurology, Henry Ford hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Angiotensin II facilitates neointimal formation by increasing vascular smooth muscle cell migration: Involvement of APE/Ref-1-mediated overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zaky A, Bassiouny A, Farghaly M, El-Sabaa BM. A Combination of Resveratrol and Curcumin is Effective Against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S221-S235. [PMID: 28222524 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated that aluminum is an environmental toxin that induces neuroinflammation and the development of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE In this report, we investigated the beneficial effect of a combination of resveratrol and curcumin to reduce aluminum-induced neuroinflammation. METHOD We employed both an in vivo model of aluminum-induced neuroinflammation and an in vitro aluminum stimulated cultured PC-12 cells. Neuroinflammation in rats was assessed by measuring the expression of β-secretase, amyloid-β protein precursor, and γ-subunits (PS-1 and PS-2), along with the inflammatory COX-2, Il-1β, Il-1α, and TNF-α. Furthermore, we measured the expression profiles of neuro-protective Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) protein and let-7c microRNA. In parallel, PC-12 cells were treated with 0.5 mM aluminum to induce a neuroinflammation-like state. In addition, curcumin effect, as a selective COX-2 expression inhibitor, was detected in a time course manner. RESULTS An overall significant attenuation of the inflammatory markers, as well as a decrease in the amyloidogenic mediators, was observed in resveratrol-curcumin treated rats. The therapeutic effect was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopic analysis of the brain cortexes. APE1 was significantly induced by resveratrol-curcumin combination. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that Let-7c expression is significantly reduced after aluminum stimulation, an effect that was partially suppressed by co-addition of either resveratrol or curcumin and totally restored to the normal level by their combination. CONCLUSIONS The present study clearly indicates the synergistic and therapeutic effect of a resveratrol-curcumin combination. We also show that both compounds exert beneficial effect either cooperatively or through differential molecular mechanisms in counteracting aluminum-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Bassiouny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahitab Farghaly
- Department of Environmental Research at National Center for Social & Criminological Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bassma M El-Sabaa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Thakur S, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. APE1 modulates cellular responses to organophosphate pesticide-induced oxidative damage in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 441:201-216. [PMID: 28887667 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3186-7/figures/9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) and chlorpyrifos (CP) are widely used organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), speculated to be linked with human pathologies including cancer. Owing to the fact that lung cells are most vulnerable to the environmental toxins, the development and progression of lung cancer can be caused by the exposure of OPPs. The present study investigates the oxidative DNA damage response evoked by MCP and CP in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. A549 cells were exposed to MCP and CP; cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured to select the non-toxic dose. In order to establish whether MCP and CP can initiate the DNA repair and cell survival signalling pathways in A549 cells, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNA base excision repair (BER)-pathway enzymes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in cell survival mechanisms. A significant increase in cell viability and ROS generation was observed when exposed to low and moderate doses of MCP and CP at different time points (24, 48 and 72 h) studied. A549 cells displayed a dose-dependent accumulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites after 24 h exposure to MCP advocating for the activation of AP endonuclease-mediated DNA BER-pathway. Cellular responses to MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress resulted in an imbalance in the mRNA and protein expression of BER-pathway enzymes, viz. PARP1, OGG1, APE1, XRCC1, DNA pol β and DNA ligase III α at different time points. The treatment of OPPs resulted in the upregulation of TFs, viz. Nrf2, c-jun, phospho-c-jun and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunofluorescent confocal imaging of A549 cells indicated that MCP and CP induces the translocation of APE1 within the cytoplasm at an early 6 h time point, whereas it promotes nuclear localization after 24 h of treatment, which suggests that APE1 subcellular distribution is dynamically regulated in response to OPP-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, nuclear colocalization of APE1 and the TF c-jun was observed in response to the treatment of CP and MCP for different time points in A549 cells. Therefore, in this study we demonstrate that MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress alters APE1-dependent BER-pathway and also mediates cell survival signalling mechanisms via APE1 regulation, thereby promoting lung cancer cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
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Romeo L, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Isothiocyanates: An Overview of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Human Infections. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522501 PMCID: PMC6017699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents has been investigated in depth. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive products resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), the most abundant secondary metabolites in the botanical order Brassicales. Although the antimicrobial activity of ITCs against foodborne and plant pathogens has been well documented, little is known about their antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. This review collects studies that focus on this topic. Particular focus will be put on ITCs’ antimicrobial properties and their mechanism of action against human pathogens for which the current therapeutic solutions are deficient and therefore of prime importance for public health. Our purpose was the evaluation of the potential use of ITCs to replace or support the common antibiotics. Even though ITCs appear to be effective against the most important human pathogens, including bacteria with resistant phenotypes, the majority of the studies did not show comparable results and thus it is very difficult to compare the antimicrobial activity of the different ITCs. For this reason, a standard method should be used and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Romeo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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76
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Abstract
Oxidative stress, induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an apoptosis activator. Oxidative stress causes dopaminergic neuron loss and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A recent study showed that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1) decreases cytotoxicity and promotes neuron survival under oxidative stress. Furthermore, it has been proven that Ape1 is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, little is known about the contribution of Ape1 toward the development of PD. Thus, the present study was designed to define a critical pathway by which Ape1 mediates neurotoxicity in a model of PD. The results show that Ape1 was upregulated in MPP-treated PC12 cells. Ape1 overexpression significantly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis compared with MPP treatment, whereas Ape1 knockdown showed the opposite effect. Ape1 overexpression markedly suppressed ROS levels, whereas Ape1 knockdown significantly elevated ROS levels. Furthermore, Ape1 overexpression markedly upregulated the p-ERK1/2 protein expression level and inhibited ERK1/2 signaling. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and the ROS level compared with the Ape1 overexpression group. Taken together, these results suggest that Ape1 protects against neuron death by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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77
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McIlwain DW, Fishel ML, Boos A, Kelley MR, Jerde TJ. APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition decreases survivin protein levels and induces cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29541389 PMCID: PMC5834255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1’s redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. These data indicate that APE1/Ref-1 is a key regulator of survivin and a potentially viable target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W McIlwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Boos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Travis J Jerde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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78
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Elevation of Serum APE1/Ref-1 in Experimental Murine Myocarditis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122664. [PMID: 29292734 PMCID: PMC5751266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that causes cardiogenic shock and death. However, endomyocardial biopsy that is, the gold standard for a diagnosis is limited. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein, which is involved in DNA-based excision repair pathway, and in redox signaling, its changes are observed in various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and coronary artery disease. We analyzed serum APE1/Ref-1 in experimental murine myocarditis. To induce myocarditis, coxsackievirus B3 was injected intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice. The serum APE1/Ref-1, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin I were measured. The histology and virus titers measurements were performed. The troponin I and inflammation were significantly elevated at day 3, peaked to day 7 and decreased at day 10. The NT-proBNP and virus titers were significantly peaked at day 3, and dropped at day 7 and 10. The serum APE1/Ref-1 was gradually raised and its elevation is still maintained until a later time, namely day 10. Also, its level was positively correlated with myocardial inflammation, reflecting severity of myocardial injury. We suggest that serum APE1/Ref-1 can be used to assess for myocardial injury in viral myocarditis without endomyocardial biopsy.
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79
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Jia JY, Tan ZG, Liu M, Jiang YG. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) contributes to resveratrol‑induced neuroprotection against oxygen‑glucose deprivation and re‑oxygenation injury in HT22 cells: Involvement in reducing oxidative DNA damage. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9786-9794. [PMID: 29039534 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, exhibits a neuroprotective role in models of central nervous system diseases, including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme that contributes to base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage and redox activation of transcription factors, associated with neuronal survival against hypoxic‑ischemic injury. It was hypothesized that resveratrol protects HT22 cells against oxygen‑glucose deprivation and re‑oxygenation (OGD/R)‑induced injuries through upregulation of APE1. It was demonstrated that resveratrol pretreatment significantly increased the viability of HT22 cells and decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), accompanied by the upregulation of APE1 mRNA, and protein levels, as well as the activity of APE1 under OGD/R conditions. In addition, resveratrol reversed OGD/R‑induced oxidative DNA damage as evidenced by the decreases in the levels of 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine and APE sites. However, APE1 knockdown using short hairpin RNA sequence targeting APE1 abolished resveratrol‑elicited beneficent effects against OGD/R‑induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. This was indicated by decreased cell viability, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, and increased LDH release and reactive oxygen species levels. The results of the present study indicate that APE1 contributes to the protective effects of resveratrol against neonatal hypoxic‑ischemic brain injuries, and suggest that DNA repair enzymes, including APE1, may be a unique strategy for neuroprotection against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Ying Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Gang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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80
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Cholia RP, Kumari S, Kumar S, Kaur M, Kaur M, Kumar R, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. An in vitro study ascertaining the role of H 2O 2 and glucose oxidase in modulation of antioxidant potential and cancer cell survival mechanisms in glioblastoma U-87 MG cells. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1705-1716. [PMID: 28676971 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells protect themselves from the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via developing unusual mechanisms to maintain the genomic stability, and reprogramming of the cellular antioxidant system to cope with the adverse effects. In the present study non-cytotoxic dose of oxidants, H2O2 (100 μM) and GO (10 μU/ml) was used to induce moderate oxidative stress via generating ROS in human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG cells, which showed a marked increase in the antioxidant capacity as studied by measuring the modulation in expression levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the GSH content. However, pretreatment (3 h) of Curcumin and Quercetin (10 μM) followed by the treatment of oxidants enhanced the cell survival, and the levels/activities of the antioxidants studied. Oxidative stress also resulted in an increase in the nitrite levels in the culture supernatants, and further analysis by immunocytochemistry showed an increase in iNOS expression. In addition, phytochemical pretreatment decreased the nitrite level in the culture supernatants of oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. Elevated ROS also increased the expression of COX-2 and APE1 enzymes and pretreatment of Curcumin and Quercetin decreased COX-2 expression and increased APE1 expression in the oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. The immunocytochemistry also indicates for APE1 enhanced stress-dependent subcellular localization to the nuclear compartment, which advocates for enhanced DNA repair and redox functions of APE1 towards survival of U-87 MG cells. It can be concluded that intracellular oxidants activate the key enzymes involved in antioxidant mechanisms, NO-dependent survival mechanisms, and also in the DNA repair pathways for glial cell survival in oxidative-stress micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Cholia
- Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Sanju Kumari
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manbir Kaur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
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81
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Łuczaj W, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidants and HNE in redox homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:87-101. [PMID: 27888001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, cells are in a stable state known as redox homeostasis, which is maintained by the balance between continuous ROS/RNS generation and several mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity. ROS overproduction results in alterations in the redox homeostasis that promote oxidative damage to major components of the cell, including the biomembrane phospholipids. Lipid peroxidation subsequently generates a diverse set of products, including α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Of these products, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is the most studied aldehyde on the basis of its involvement in cellular physiology and pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the field of HNE generation, metabolism, and detoxification, as well as its interactions with various cellular macromolecules (protein, phospholipid, and nucleic acid). The formation of HNE-protein adducts enables HNE to participate in multi-step regulation of cellular metabolic pathways that include signaling and transcription of antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory factors, and anti-apoptotic proteins. The most widely described roles for HNE in the signaling pathways are associated with its activation of kinases, as well as transcription factors that are responsible for redox homeostasis (Ref-1, Nrf2, p53, NFκB, and Hsf1). Depending on its level, HNE exerts harmful or protective effects associated with the induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. These effects make HNE a key player in maintaining redox homeostasis, as well as producing imbalances in this system that participate in aging and the development of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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82
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APE1 modulates cellular responses to organophosphate pesticide-induced oxidative damage in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 441:201-216. [PMID: 28887667 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) and chlorpyrifos (CP) are widely used organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), speculated to be linked with human pathologies including cancer. Owing to the fact that lung cells are most vulnerable to the environmental toxins, the development and progression of lung cancer can be caused by the exposure of OPPs. The present study investigates the oxidative DNA damage response evoked by MCP and CP in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. A549 cells were exposed to MCP and CP; cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured to select the non-toxic dose. In order to establish whether MCP and CP can initiate the DNA repair and cell survival signalling pathways in A549 cells, qRT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNA base excision repair (BER)-pathway enzymes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in cell survival mechanisms. A significant increase in cell viability and ROS generation was observed when exposed to low and moderate doses of MCP and CP at different time points (24, 48 and 72 h) studied. A549 cells displayed a dose-dependent accumulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites after 24 h exposure to MCP advocating for the activation of AP endonuclease-mediated DNA BER-pathway. Cellular responses to MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress resulted in an imbalance in the mRNA and protein expression of BER-pathway enzymes, viz. PARP1, OGG1, APE1, XRCC1, DNA pol β and DNA ligase III α at different time points. The treatment of OPPs resulted in the upregulation of TFs, viz. Nrf2, c-jun, phospho-c-jun and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunofluorescent confocal imaging of A549 cells indicated that MCP and CP induces the translocation of APE1 within the cytoplasm at an early 6 h time point, whereas it promotes nuclear localization after 24 h of treatment, which suggests that APE1 subcellular distribution is dynamically regulated in response to OPP-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, nuclear colocalization of APE1 and the TF c-jun was observed in response to the treatment of CP and MCP for different time points in A549 cells. Therefore, in this study we demonstrate that MCP- and CP-induced oxidative stress alters APE1-dependent BER-pathway and also mediates cell survival signalling mechanisms via APE1 regulation, thereby promoting lung cancer cell survival and proliferation.
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83
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Yang JL, Chen WY, Chen SD. The Emerging Role of GLP-1 Receptors in DNA Repair: Implications in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091861. [PMID: 28846606 PMCID: PMC5618510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is originally found as a metabolic hormone (incretin) that is able to regulate blood-glucose levels via promoting synthesis and secretion of insulin. GLP-1 and many analogues are approved for treatment of type II diabetes. Accumulating results imply that GLP-1 performs multiple functions in various tissues and organs beyond regulation of blood-glucose. The neuroprotective function of GLP-1 has been extensively explored during the past two decades. Three of our previous studies have shown that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the only protein of the base excision repair (BER) pathway able to be regulated by oxidative stress or exogenous stimulations in rat primary cortical neurons. In this article, we review the role of APE1 in neurodegenerative diseases and its relationship to neuroprotective mechanisms of the activated GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this article is to provide new insight, from the aspect of DNA damage and repair, for studying potential treatments in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Dapi Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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84
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Diao J, Li H, Huang W, Ma W, Dai H, Liu Y, Wang M, Hua HY, Ou J, Sun X, Sun X, Yang Y. SHYCD induces APE1/Ref-1 subcellular localization to regulate the p53-apoptosis signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of acute on chronic liver failure. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84782-84797. [PMID: 29156683 PMCID: PMC5689573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: San huang yin chi decoction(SHYCD) is derived from the yin chen hao decoction, a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases”. Over the past decade, SHYCD has been used to treat and prevent the liver cirrhosis and liver failure. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SHYCD for acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF) and explored its potential mechanism. an ACLF rat model, which induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) combined with D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS), was used and confirmed by B-ultrasound analysis. Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, SHYCD-H group, SHYCD-M group, SHYCD-L group, AGNHW group. Compared with the ACLF model group, High, medium, and low doses of SHYCD reduced ALT, AST, TBIL, NH3, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα expression levels in the serum, Shorten PT and INR time,and increased Fbg content in the whole blood, increased survival rate of the rats, improved liver pathological changes. APE1 / Ref-1 was mainly expressed in the nucleus, but the nucleus and cytoplasm were co-expressed after hepatocyte injury. SHYCD significantly downregulated APE1/Ref-1 expression in the cytoplasm. Increased APE1/Ref-1, Bcl-2, reduced p53, caspase-3, Bax, and Cyt-c in the total protein. Base on the results, we conclused that High, medium, and low doses of SHYCD could be applied in prevention and treatment of ACLF, and dose-dependent. The possible mechanism is to promote the APE1 / Ref-1 from the cytoplasm to the nuclear transfer, regulation of p53 apoptosis signal pathway prevention and treatment of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Diao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiye Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiao Ma
- Gao Ming People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong,Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Yu Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yungao Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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85
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The extracellular role of DNA damage repair protein APE1 in regulation of IL-6 expression. Cell Signal 2017; 39:18-31. [PMID: 28751279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a pleiotropic nuclear protein with roles in DNA base excision repair pathway as well as in regulation of transcription. Recently, the presence of extracellular plasma APE1 was reported in endotoxemic rats. However, the biological significance and the extracellular function of APE1 remain unclear. In this study, we found that monocytes secrete APE1 upon inflammatory challenges. Challenging the monocytic cells with extracellular APE1 resulted in the increased expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Additionally, the extracellular APE1 treatment activated the transcription factor NF-κB, followed by its increased occupancy at the IL-6 promoter, resulting in the induction of IL-6 expression. APE1-induced IL-6 further served to elicit autocrine and paracrine cellular responses. Moreover, the extracellular IL-6 promoted the secretion of APE1, thus indicating a functional feedforward loop in this pathway. Furthermore, we show that APE1 is secreted through extracellular vesicles formation via endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent pathway. Together, our study demonstrates a novel role of extracellular APE1 in IL-6-dependent cellular responses.
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86
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Braicu C, Mehterov N, Vladimirov B, Sarafian V, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nutrigenomics in cancer: Revisiting the effects of natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:84-106. [PMID: 28676460 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics effects have an important role in the manipulation of dietary components for human benefit, particularly in cancer prevention or treatment. The impact of dietary components, including phytochemicals, is largely studied by nutrigenomics, looking at the gene expression and molecular mechanisms interacting with bioactive compounds and nutrients, based on new 'omics' technologies. The high number of preclinical studies proves the relevant role of nutrigenomics in cancer management. By deciphering the network of nutrient-gene connections associated with cancer, relevant data will be transposed as therapeutic interventions for this devastating pathology and for fulfilling the concept of personalized nutrition. All these are presented under the nutrigenomics canopy for a better comprehension of the relation between ingested phytochemicals and chemoprevention or chemotherapy. The profits from the nutrigenomics progress, with a particular focus on the coding and noncoding genes related to the exposure of natural compounds need to be validated. A precise attention receives the evaluation of the role of natural compounds in tandem with conventional therapy using genomic approaches, with emphasis on the capacity to inhibit drug resistance mechanisms. All these relevant nutrigenomics aspects are summarized in the present review paper. It is concluded that further nutrigenomics studies are required to improve our understanding related to the complex mechanisms of action of the natural compounds and for their appropriate application as gears in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139, Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 3 Hristo Botev Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 66 Peshtersko Shosse Blvd., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Sheikh Bahaei St., P.O. Box 19395, 5487 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republici 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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87
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Abstract
Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
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88
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Juhnke M, Heumann A, Chirico V, Höflmayer D, Menz A, Hinsch A, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Lang DS, Möller-Koop C, Sauter G, Simon R, Beyer B, Pompe R, Thederan I, Schlomm T, Luebke AM. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1/Ref-1) overexpression is an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer withoutTMPRSS2:ERGfusion. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2135-2145. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Juhnke
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Dagmar S. Lang
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Burkhard Beyer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Germany
| | - Raisa Pompe
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Germany
| | - Imke Thederan
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Germany
- Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Germany
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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89
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Gào X, Schöttker B. Reduction-oxidation pathways involved in cancer development: a systematic review of literature reviews. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51888-51906. [PMID: 28881698 PMCID: PMC5584299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance of the reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and the oxidants defense system. Extensive research during the last decades has revealed that oxidative stress can mediate cancer initiation and development by leading not only to molecular damage but also to a disruption of reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling. In order to provide a global overview of the redox signaling pathways, which play a role in cancer formation, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and ISI Web of Science and identified 185 relevant reviews published in the last 10 years. The 20 most frequently described pathways were selected to be presented in this systematic review and could be categorized into 3 groups: Intracellular ROS/RNS generating organelles and enzymes, signal transduction cascades kinases/phosphatases and transcription factors. Intracellular ROS/RNS generation organelles are mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Enzymes, including NOX, COX, LOX and NOS, are the most prominent enzymes generating ROS/RNS. ROS/RNS act as redox messengers of transmembrane receptors and trigger the activation or inhibition of signal transduction kinases/phosphatases, such as the family members of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, these reactions activate downstream signaling pathways including protein kinase of the MAPK cascade, PI3K and PKC. The kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of transcription factors including APE1/Ref-1, HIF-1α, AP-1, Nrf2, NF-κB, p53, FOXO, STAT, and β-catenin. Finally, we briefly discuss cancer prevention and treatment opportunities, which address redox pathways and further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
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90
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Zhong C, Xu M, Wang Y, Xu J, Yuan Y. An APE1 inhibitor reveals critical roles of the redox function of APE1 in KSHV replication and pathogenic phenotypes. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006289. [PMID: 28380040 PMCID: PMC5381946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1 is a multifunctional protein with a DNA base excision repair function in its C-terminal domain and a redox activity in its N-terminal domain. The redox function of APE1 converts certain transcription factors from inactive oxidized to active reduced forms. Given that among the APE1-regulated transcription factors many are critical for KSHV replication and pathogenesis, we investigated whether inhibition of APE1 redox function blocks KSHV replication and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) phenotypes. With an shRNA-mediated silencing approach and a known APE-1 redox inhibitor, we demonstrated that APE1 redox function is indeed required for KSHV replication as well as KSHV-induced angiogenesis, validating APE1 as a therapeutic target for KSHV-associated diseases. A ligand-based virtual screening yielded a small molecular compound, C10, which is proven to bind to APE1. C10 exhibits low cytotoxicity but efficiently inhibits KSHV lytic replication (EC50 of 0.16 μM and selective index of 165) and KSHV-mediated pathogenic phenotypes including cytokine production, angiogenesis and cell invasion, demonstrating its potential to become an effective drug for treatment of KS. As a major AIDS-associated malignancy, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Currently there is no definitive cure for KS. In this study, we identified a cellular protein, namely APE1, as an effective therapeutic target for blocking KSHV replication and inhibiting the development of KS phenotypes. We showed that the redox function of APE1 is absolutely required for KSHV replication, virally induced cytokine secretion and angiogenesis. Blockade of APE1 expression or inhibition of APE1 redox activity led to inhibition of KSHV replication and reduction of cytokine release and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we identified a novel small molecular compound, C10, which exhibited specific inhibitory activity on APE1 redox function and was demonstrated to efficiently inhibit KSHV replication and paracrine-mediated KS phenotypes such as angiogenesis and cell invasion. As a potent inhibitor of APE1 redox, C10 not only has value in development of a novel therapeutics for KS, but also may be used in therapies for other human diseases such as leukemia, pancreatic cancer and macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JX)
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YY); (JX)
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91
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Esadze A, Rodriguez G, Cravens SL, Stivers JT. AP-Endonuclease 1 Accelerates Turnover of Human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase by Preventing Retrograde Binding to the Abasic-Site Product. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1974-1986. [PMID: 28345889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A major product of oxidative DNA damage is 8-oxoguanine. In humans, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) facilitates removal of these lesions, producing an abasic (AP) site in the DNA that is subsequently incised by AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1). APE1 stimulates turnover of several glycosylases by accelerating rate-limiting product release. However, there have been conflicting accounts of whether hOGG1 follows a similar mechanism. In pre-steady-state kinetic measurements, we found that addition of APE1 had no effect on the rapid burst phase of 8-oxoguanine excision by hOGG1 but accelerated steady-state turnover (kcat) by ∼10-fold. The stimulation by APE1 required divalent cations, could be detected under multiple-turnover conditions using limiting concentrations of APE1, did not require flanking DNA surrounding the hOGG1 lesion site, and occurred efficiently even when the first 49 residues of APE1's N-terminus had been deleted. Stimulation by APE1 does not involve relief from product inhibition because thymine DNA glycosylase, an enzyme that binds more tightly to AP sites than hOGG1 does, could not effectively substitute for APE1. A stimulation mechanism involving stable protein-protein interactions between free APE1 and hOGG1, or the DNA-bound forms, was excluded using protein cross-linking assays. The combined results indicate a mechanism whereby dynamic excursions of hOGG1 from the AP site allow APE1 to invade the site and rapidly incise the phosphate backbone. This mechanism, which allows APE1 to access the AP site without forming specific interactions with the glycosylase, is a simple and elegant solution to passing along unstable intermediates in base excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Esadze
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Gaddiel Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Shannen L Cravens
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - James T Stivers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
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92
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Laev SS, Salakhutdinov NF, Lavrik OI. Inhibitors of nuclease and redox activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2531-2544. [PMID: 28161249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein which is essential in the base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions caused by oxidation and alkylation. This protein hydrolyzes DNA adjacent to the 5'-end of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site to produce a nick with a 3'-hydroxyl group and a 5'-deoxyribose phosphate moiety or activates the DNA-binding activity of certain transcription factors through its redox function. Studies have indicated a role for APE1/Ref-1 in the pathogenesis of cancer and in resistance to DNA-interactive drugs. Thus, this protein has potential as a target in cancer treatment. As a result, major efforts have been directed to identify small molecule inhibitors against APE1/Ref-1 activities. These agents have the potential to become anticancer drugs. The aim of this review is to present recent progress in studies of all published small molecule APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors. The structures and activities of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors, that target both DNA repair and redox activities, are presented and discussed. To date, there is an urgent need for further development of the design and synthesis of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors due to high importance of this protein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Laev
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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93
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Song J, Hoa VM, Yoo J, Oh S, Im H, Park D, Lee G. A graphene oxide-based tool-kit capable of characterizing and classifying exonuclease activities. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exonuclease kinetics and classification assay by graphene oxide-based fluorometric quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeon Song
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Vo Minh Hoa
- School of Life Sciences
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Jungmin Yoo
- School of Life Sciences
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Im
- School of Life Sciences
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
| | - Gwangrog Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju
- Korea
- School of Life Sciences
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94
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Baek H, Lim CS, Byun HS, Cho HS, Lee YR, Shin YS, Kim HW, Jeon BH, Kim DW, Hong J, Hur GM, Park JB. The anti-inflammatory role of extranuclear apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 in reactive astrocytes. Mol Brain 2016; 9:99. [PMID: 27986089 PMCID: PMC5162091 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a ubiquitous multipurpose protein, is also known as redox effector factor-1 (Ref-1). It is involved in DNA repair and redox signaling and, in turn, oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Although previous studies have demonstrated that APE1/Ref-1 functions as a negative regulator of inflammatory response via several mechanisms in neuronal cells, little is known about the roles of APE1/Ref-1 in glial cells. In this study, we found that cytoplasmic APE1/Ref-1 expression was upregulated in reactive astrocytes of the kainic acid- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected hippocampus. Analysis of the inflammatory response induced by extranuclear APE1/Ref-1 (ΔNLS-Ref-1) in cultured primary astrocytes revealed that it markedly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion induced by LPS to a similar extent as did wild type APE1/Ref-1 (WT-Ref-1), supporting the concept an anti-inflammatory role of extranuclear APE1/Ref-1 in astrocytes. Additionally, overexpression of WT- and ΔNLS-Ref-1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), although it effectively enhanced activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity. The blunting effect of APE1/Ref-1 on LPS-induced NF-κB activation was not mediated by IκB kinase (IKK) activity. Instead, APE1/Ref-1 inhibited p300-mediated acetylation of p65 by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels following LPS treatment. Taken together, our results showed that altered expression and/or subcellular distribution of APE1/Ref-1 in activated astrocytes regulated the neuroinflammatory response to excitotoxin and endotoxin insults used in model of neurodegenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seong Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Cho
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology and Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-Ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 30501, Republic of Korea.
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95
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Mikami Y, Kakizawa S, Yamazawa T. Essential Roles of Natural Products and Gaseous Mediators on Neuronal Cell Death or Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1652. [PMID: 27690018 PMCID: PMC5085685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration still remain enigmatic, key factors associated with degenerative disorders, such as glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress, have been recently identified. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in examining the effects of exogenous and endogenous molecules on neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. In this paper, we review recent studies on neuroprotective and/or neurodegenerative effects of natural products, such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, and gaseous mediators, including hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide. Furthermore, possible molecular mechanisms of these molecules in relation to glutamate signals are discussed. Insight into the pathophysiological role of these molecules will make progress in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, and is expected to lead to potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Mikami
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Sho Kakizawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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96
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Tong Z, Shen H, Yang D, Zhang F, Bai Y, Li Q, Shi J, Zhang H, Zhu B. Genetic Variations in the Promoter of the APE1 Gene Are Associated with DMF-Induced Abnormal Liver Function: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080752. [PMID: 27463724 PMCID: PMC4997438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or long-term exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can induce abnormal liver function. It is well known that DMF is mainly metabolized in the liver and thereby produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). The base excision repair (BER) pathway is regarded as a very important pathway involved in repairing ROS-induced DNA damage. Several studies have explored the associations between GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP2E1 polymorphisms and DMF-induced abnormal liver function; however, little is known about how common hOGG1, XRCC1 and APE1 polymorphisms and DMF induce abnormal liver function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the hOGG1 (rs159153 and rs2072668), XRCC1 (rs25487, rs25489, and rs1799782), APE1 (rs1130409 and 1760944) genes in the human BER pathway were associated with the susceptibility to DMF-induced abnormal liver function in a Chinese population. These polymorphisms were genotyped in 123 workers with DMF-induced abnormal liver function and 123 workers with normal liver function. We found that workers with the APE1 rs1760944 TG/GG genotypes had a reduced risk of abnormal liver function, which was more pronounced in the subgroups that were exposed to DMF for <10 years, exposed to ≥10 mg/m3 DMF, never smoked and never drank. In summary, our study supported the hypothesis that the APE1 rs1760944 T > G polymorphism may be associated with DMF-induced abnormal liver function in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Tong
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kunshan 215301, China.
| | - Huanxi Shen
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kunshan 215301, China.
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Integrated Management & Emergency Preparedness and Response, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qian Li
- The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Kunshan 215301, China.
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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97
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Aonuma T, Takehara N, Maruyama K, Kabara M, Matsuki M, Yamauchi A, Kawabe JI, Hasebe N. Apoptosis-Resistant Cardiac Progenitor Cells Modified With Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease/Redox Factor 1 Gene Overexpression Regulate Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1067-78. [PMID: 27334489 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Overcoming the insufficient survival of cell grafts is an essential objective in cell-based therapy. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor 1 (APE1) promotes cell survival and may enhance the therapeutic effect of engrafted cells. The aim of this study is to determine whether APE1 overexpression in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) could ameliorate the efficiency of cell-based therapy. CPCs isolated from 8- to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mouse hearts were infected with retrovirus harboring APE1-DsRed (APE1-CPC) or a DsRed control (control-CPC). Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was then assessed in APE1-CPCs, control-CPCs, and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) cocultured with these CPCs. This analysis revealed that APE1 overexpression inhibited CPC apoptosis with activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In the coculture model, NRVM apoptosis was inhibited to a greater extent in the presence of APE1-CPCs compared with control-CPCs. Moreover, the number of surviving DsRed-positive CPC grafts was significantly higher 7 days after the transplant of APE1-CPCs into a mouse myocardial infarction model, and the left ventricular ejection fraction showed greater improvement with attenuation of fibrosis 28 days after the transplant of APE1-CPCs compared with control-CPCs. Additionally, fewer inflammatory macrophages and a higher percentage of cardiac α-sarcomeric actinin-positive CPC-grafts were observed in mice injected with APE1-CPCs compared with control-CPCs after 7 days. In conclusion, antiapoptotic APE1-CPC graft, which increased TAK1-NF-κB pathway activation, survived effectively in the ischemic heart, restored cardiac function, and reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. APE1 overexpression in CPCs may serve as a novel strategy to improve cardiac cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Improving the survival of cell grafts is essential to maximize the efficacy of cell therapy. The authors investigated the role of APE1 in CPCs under ischemic conditions and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted APE1-overexpressing CPCs in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. APE1 hindered apoptosis in CPC grafts subjected to oxidative stress caused in part by increased TAK1-NF-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, APE1-CPC grafts that effectively survived in the ischemic heart restored cardiac function and attenuated fibrosis through pleiotropic mechanisms that remain to be characterized. These findings suggest that APE1 overexpression in CPCs may be a novel strategy to reinforce cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Aonuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takehara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Matsuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Stroke is the second foremost cause of mortality worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. Due to changes in lifestyle and an aging population, the incidence of stroke continues to increase and stroke mortality predicted to exceed 12 % by the year 2030. However, the development of pharmacological treatments for stroke has failed to progress much in over 20 years since the introduction of the thrombolytic drug, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. These alarming circumstances caused many research groups to search for alternative treatments in the form of neuroprotectants. Here, we consider the potential use of phytochemicals in the treatment of stroke. Their historical use in traditional medicine and their excellent safety profile make phytochemicals attractive for the development of therapeutics in human diseases. Emerging findings suggest that some phytochemicals have the ability to target multiple pathophysiological processes involved in stroke including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of plant sources rich in phytochemicals may reduce stroke risk, and so reinforce the possibility of developing preventative or neuroprotectant therapies for stroke. In this review, we describe results of preclinical studies that demonstrate beneficial effects of phytochemicals in experimental models relevant to stroke pathogenesis, and we consider their possible mechanisms of action.
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99
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GU YAJUN, LI TAO, DING YANLING, SUN LINGXIAN, TU TAO, ZHU WEI, HU JIABO, SUN XIAOCHUN. Changes in mesenchymal stem cells following long-term culture in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5207-15. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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100
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Londero AP, Orsaria M, Marzinotto S, Grassi T, Fruscalzo A, Calcagno A, Bertozzi S, Nardini N, Stella E, Lellé RJ, Driul L, Tell G, Mariuzzi L. Placental aging and oxidation damage in a tissue micro-array model: an immunohistochemistry study. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:191-204. [PMID: 27106773 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the expression of markers correlated with cellular senescence and DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), p53, p21, APE1/Ref-1 (APE1), interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) in placentas from healthy and pathologic pregnancies. This retrospective study considered a placental tissue micro-array containing 92 controls from different gestational ages and 158 pathological cases including preeclampsia (PE), HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count), small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurring at different gestational ages. In this study, we demonstrated a significant influence of gestational age on the expression in the trophoblast of 8-OHdG, p53, p21, APE1, and IL-6. In placentas of cases affected by PE, HELLP, or IUGR, there was an increased expression of 8-OHdG, p53, APE1, and IL-6 compared to controls (only IL-8 was significantly decreased in cases). In both groups of pathology between 22- and 34-week gestation and after 34-week gestation, APE1 levels were higher in the trophoblast of women affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than women carrying an IUGR fetus. The cytoplasmic expression of 8-OHdG was increased in placentas in IUGR cases compared to PE or HELLP pregnancies. In cases after 34-week gestation, p21 was higher in SGA and IUGR than in controls and late PE. Moreover, p53 was increased after 34-week gestation in IUGR pregnancies. Placentas from pathological pregnancies had an altered expression of 8-OHdG, p53, p21, APE1, IL-6, and IL-8. The alterations of intracellular pathways involving these elements may be the cause or the consequence of placental dysfunction, but in any case reflect an impaired placental function, possibly due to increased aging velocity in pathologic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogio P Londero
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy. .,Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S. Polo Hospital, 34074, Monfalcone, GO, Italy.
| | - Maria Orsaria
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzinotto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Arrigo Fruscalzo
- Frauenklinik, St Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude: A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelo Calcagno
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena Bertozzi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCCS CRO, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Nastassia Nardini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrica Stella
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Ralph J Lellé
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude: A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lorenza Driul
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deparment of Experimental Clinical and Medical Science, University of Udine, Piazzale SM della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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