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Lindow JC, Borochoff-Porte N, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Fimlaid KA, Bunn JY, Kirkpatrick BD. Primary vaccination with low dose live dengue 1 virus generates a proinflammatory, multifunctional T cell response in humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1742. [PMID: 22816004 PMCID: PMC3398956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-DENV-4) have a large impact on global health, causing 50-100 million cases of dengue fever annually. Herein, we describe the first kinetic T cell response to a low-dose DENV-1 vaccination study (10 PFU) in humans. Using flow cytometry, we found that proinflammatory cytokines, IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2, were generated by DENV-1-specific CD4(+) cells 21 days post-DENV-1 exposure, and their production continued through the latest time-point, day 42 (p<0.0001 for all cytokines). No statistically significant changes were observed at any time-points for IL-10 (p = 0.19), a regulatory cytokine, indicating that the response to DENV-1 was primarily proinflammatory in nature. We also observed little T cell cross-reactivity to the other 3 DENV serotypes. The percentage of multifunctional T cells (T cells making ≥ 2 cytokines simultaneously) increased with time post-DENV-1 exposure (p<0.0001). The presence of multifunctional T cells together with neutralizing antibody data suggest that the immune response generated to the vaccine may be protective. This work provides an initial framework for defining primary T cell responses to each DENV serotype and will enhance the evaluation of a tetravalent DENV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Lindow
- Vaccine Testing Center and Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America.
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52
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Izquierdo A, Valdés I, Gil L, Hermida L, Gutiérrez S, García A, Bernardo L, Pavón A, Guillén G, Guzmán MG. Serotype specificity of recombinant fusion protein containing domain III and capsid protein of dengue virus 2. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:1-8. [PMID: 22554934 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant fusion protein containing domain III of the dengue envelope protein fused to capsid protein from dengue 2 virus was immunogenic and conferred protection in mice against lethal challenge in previously report. Here, the antigenic specificity of this recombinant protein using anti-dengue antibodies from mice and humans and the cross-reactive humoral and cellular response induced in immunized mice were evaluated. The homologous anti-dengue antibodies showed a higher reactivity to the recombinant protein compared to the wide cross-reactivity observed for viral antigen as determined by ELISA. The IgG anti-dengue and functional antibodies, induced by the recombinant proteins in mice, were highly serotype specific by ELISA, hemaglutination inhibition and plaque reduction neutralizing tests. Accordingly, the cellular immune response determined by the IFNγ and TNFα secretion, was serotype specific. The specificity of serotype associated to this recombinant protein in addition to its high antigenicity, immunogenicity and protecting capacity suggest its advantage as a possible functional and safe vaccine candidate against dengue in a future tetravalent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienys Izquierdo
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Department of Virology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí"-IPK, Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, P.O. Box 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba
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53
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Gil L, Bernardo L, Pavón A, Izquierdo A, Valdés I, Lazo L, Marcos E, Romero Y, Guzmán MG, Guillén G, Hermida L. Recombinant nucleocapsid-like particles from dengue-2 induce functional serotype-specific cell-mediated immunity in mice. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1204-1214. [PMID: 22398317 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.037721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of different inflammatory cytokines induced during dengue virus infection plays a role in either protection or increased disease severity. In this sense, vaccine strategies incorporating whole virus are able to elicit both functional and pathological responses. Therefore, an ideal tetravalent vaccine candidate against dengue should be focused on serotype-specific sequences. In the present work, a new formulation of nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs) obtained from the recombinant dengue-2 capsid protein was evaluated in mice to determine the level of protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenge and to measure the cytotoxicity and cytokine-secretion profiles induced upon heterologous viral stimulation. As a result, a significant protection rate was achieved after challenge with lethal dengue-2 virus, which was dependent on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. In turn, no protection was observed after heterologous challenge. In accordance, in vitro-stimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with NLPs from the four dengue serotypes showed a serotype-specific response of gamma interferon- and tumour necrosis factor alpha-secreting cells. A similar pattern was detected when spleen cells from dengue-immunized animals were stimulated with the capsid protein. Taking these data together, we can assert that NLPs constitute an attractive vaccine candidate against dengue. They induce a functional immune response mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in mice, which is protective against viral challenge. In turn, they are potentially safe due to two important facts: induction of serotype specific cell-mediated immunity and lack of induction of antiviral antibodies. Further studies in non-human primates or humanized mice should be carried out to elucidate the usefulness of the NLPs as a potential vaccine candidate against dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Gil
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - Lídice Bernardo
- Virology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, km 6� PO Box Marianao 13, Havana 11 600, Cuba
| | - Alequis Pavón
- Virology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, km 6� PO Box Marianao 13, Havana 11 600, Cuba
| | - Alienys Izquierdo
- Virology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, km 6� PO Box Marianao 13, Havana 11 600, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - Laura Lazo
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Marcos
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - Yaremis Romero
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - María G Guzmán
- Virology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute 'Pedro Kourí', PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, km 6� PO Box Marianao 13, Havana 11 600, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
| | - Lisset Hermida
- Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10 600, Cuba
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54
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Cross-reactivity and expansion of dengue-specific T cells during acute primary and secondary infections in humans. Sci Rep 2011; 1:51. [PMID: 22355570 PMCID: PMC3216538 DOI: 10.1038/srep00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotype-cross-reactive memory T cells responding to secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection are thought to contribute to disease. However, epitope-specific T cell responses have not been thoroughly compared between subjects with primary versus secondary DENV infection. We studied CD8(+) T cells specific for the HLA-A*1101-restricted NS3(133) epitope in a cohort of A11(+) DENV-infected patients throughout acute illness and convalescence. We compared the expansion, serotype-cross-reactivity, and activation of these cells in PBMC from patients experiencing primary or secondary infection and mild or severe disease by flow cytometry. Our results show expansion and activation of DENV-specific CD8(+) T cells during acute infection, which are predominantly serotype-cross-reactive regardless of DENV infection history. These data confirm marked T cell activation and serotype-cross-reactivity during the febrile phase of dengue; however, A11-NS3(133)-specific responses did not correlate with prior antigenic exposure or current disease severity.
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55
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Rothman AL. Immunity to dengue virus: a tale of original antigenic sin and tropical cytokine storms. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:532-43. [PMID: 21760609 DOI: 10.1038/nri3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease of expanding geographical range and incidence. The existence of four viral serotypes and the association of prior dengue virus infection with an increased risk for more severe disease have presented significant obstacles to vaccine development. An increased understanding of the adaptive immune response to natural dengue virus infection and candidate dengue vaccines has helped to define the specific antibody and T cell responses that are associated with either protective or pathological immunity during dengue infection. Further characterization of immunological correlates of disease outcome and the validation of these findings in vaccine trials will be invaluable for developing effective dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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56
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Petrova GV, Naumova EN, Gorski J. The polyclonal CD8 T cell response to influenza M158-66 generates a fully connected network of cross-reactive clonotypes to structurally related peptides: a paradigm for memory repertoire coverage of novel epitopes or escape mutants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6390-7. [PMID: 21518969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactivity of T cells is defined as recognition of two or more peptide-MHC complexes by the same T cell. Although examples of cross-reactivity have been reported, a detailed examination of cross-reactivity has not been performed. In this study, we took advantage of the high degree of polyclonality in the BV19 T cell repertoire responding to influenza M1(58-66) in HLA-A2 individuals to obtain a measure of simple cross-reactivity. We used substitutions that incrementally change the structure of the M1(58-66) peptide to measure how the HLA-A2-restricted response adapts to these changes. In three HLA-A2 adult subjects, we identified the BV19 clonotypes in the recall response to the influenza epitope M1(58-66) and 12 M1 peptides substituted at TCR contact position 63 or 65. The fraction of cross-reactive clonotypes in the M1(58-66) repertoire varied from 45-58% in the three donors. The extent of cross-reactivity, which is the additional number of peptides recognized by a single clonotype, is as high as six. We summarized the data using graph theory, with the cross-reactive clonotypes connecting the different HLA-A2 peptides recognized. The cross-reactive clonotypes form a well-connected network that could provide protection from virus-escape variants. We predict that any new pathogen with an epitope whose shape corresponds to that of the peptides that we studied would find a pre-existing repertoire ready to respond to it. We propose that in adult memory repertoires, previously encountered epitopes may have generated similar cross-reactive repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Petrova
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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58
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Sierra B, Perez AB, Vogt K, Garcia G, Schmolke K, Aguirre E, Alvarez M, Volk HD, Guzman MG. MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression in a model resembling early immune response to dengue. Cytokine 2010; 52:175-83. [PMID: 20650649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus has become endemic in most tropical urban areas throughout the world, and DHF has appeared concomitantly with this expansion. The intensity of dengue virus replication during the early stages of infection could determine clinical outcomes; therefore, it is important to understand the impact of dengue virus infection on the earliest immune defense against microbial infection, which also strongly regulates the adaptive immune responses. This study was aimed at evaluating the expression of the CC-chemokines MIP-1α/CCL3 and MCP-1/CCL2 in peripheral blood leukocytes using an ex vivo model resembling dengue infection in vivo, in subjects with a well characterized dengue immune background, due to the exceptional Cuban epidemiological situation in dengue. The expression of IFNγ, TNFα and IL10 was also evaluated, giving insight about the role of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. From individuals with different dengue immune background after dengue virus challenge, increased and different expression of the chemokines and cytokines studied was verified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, thus demonstrating that the previous immunity to a dengue virus serotype has a strong influence on the early immune response after dengue re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sierra
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Autopista Novia del Mediodia Km. 6 ½, La Lisa, Havana City, Cuba.
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