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Barbarot S. [What's new in pediatric dermatology?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013; 139 Suppl 5:S202-16. [PMID: 23522707 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(12)70135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper is based on a review of the literature focused on pediatric dermatology, from October 2011 to september 2012. Our objective was to highlight the main advances in fields such as atopic dermatitis, infantile hemangiomas, infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, and genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barbarot
- Clinique dermatologique, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes, France.
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Allen EHA, Atkinson SD, Liao H, Moore JE, Pedrioli DML, Smith FJD, McLean WHI, Moore CBT. Allele-specific siRNA silencing for the common keratin 12 founder mutation in Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:494-502. [PMID: 23233254 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify an allele-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA), against the common KRT12 mutation Arg135Thr in Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy (MECD) as a personalized approach to treatment. METHODS siRNAs against the K12 Arg135Thr mutation were evaluated using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay and the most potent and specific siRNAs were further screened by Western blot. Off-target effects on related keratins were assessed and immunological stimulation of TLR3 was evaluated by RT-PCR. A modified 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends method was used to confirm siRNA-mediated mutant knockdown. Allele discrimination was confirmed by quantitative infrared immunoblotting. RESULTS The lead siRNA, with an IC(50) of thirty picomolar, showed no keratin off-target effects or activation of TLR3 in the concentration ranges tested. We confirmed siRNA-mediated knockdown by the presence of K12 mRNA fragments cleaved at the predicted site. A dual tag infrared immunoblot showed knockdown to be allele-specific, with 70% to 80% silencing of the mutant protein. CONCLUSIONS A potent allele-specific siRNA against the K12 Arg135Thr mutation was identified. In combination with efficient eyedrop formulation delivery, this would represent a personalized medicine approach, aimed at preventing the pathology associated with MECD and other ocular surface pathologies with dominant-negative or gain-of-function pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H A Allen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.,Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Sarah D Atkinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.,Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Haihui Liao
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Jonathan E Moore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Deena M Leslie Pedrioli
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Frances J D Smith
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - C B Tara Moore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.,Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, Colleges of Life Sciences and Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
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Lindahl K, Kindmark A, Laxman N, Åström E, Rubin CJ, Ljunggren Ö. Allele dependent silencing of collagen type I using small interfering RNAs targeting 3'UTR Indels - a novel therapeutic approach in osteogenesis imperfecta. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1333-43. [PMID: 23983594 PMCID: PMC3752721 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as "brittle bone disease", is a heterogeneous disorder of connective tissue generally caused by dominant mutations in the genes COL1A1 and COL1A2, encoding the α1 and α2 chains of type I (pro)collagen. Symptomatic patients are usually prescribed bisphosphonates, but this treatment is neither curative nor sufficient. A promising field is gene silencing through RNA interference. In this study small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed to target each allele of 3'UTR insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) in COL1A1 (rs3840870) and COL1A2 (rs3917). For both indels, the frequency of heterozygous individuals was determined to be approximately 50% in Swedish cohorts of healthy controls as well as in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Cultures of primary human bone derived cells were transfected with siRNAs through magnet-assisted transfection. cDNA from transfected cells was sequenced in order to measure targeted allele/non-targeted allele ratios and the overall degree of silencing was assessed by quantitative PCR. Successful allele dependent silencing was observed, with promising results for siRNAs complementary to both the insertion and non-insertion harboring alleles. In COL1A1 cDNA the indel allele ratios were shifted from 1 to 0.09 and 0.19 for the insertion and non-insertion allele respectively while the equivalent resulting ratios for COL1A2 were 0.05 and 0.01. Reductions in mRNA abundance were also demonstrated; in cells treated with siRNAs targeting the COL1A1 alleles the average COL1A1 mRNA levels were reduced 65% and 78% compared to negative control levels and in cells treated with COL1A2 siRNAs the average COL1A2 mRNA levels were decreased 26% and 49% of those observed in the corresponding negative controls. In conclusion, allele dependent silencing of collagen type I utilizing 3'UTR indels common in the general population constitutes a promising mutation independent therapeutic approach for osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Leslie Pedrioli DM, Fu DJ, Gonzalez-Gonzalez E, Contag CH, Kaspar RL, Smith FJ, Irwin McLean W. Generic and Personalized RNAi-Based Therapeutics for a Dominant-Negative Epidermal Fragility Disorder. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1627-35. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Coulombe PA, Lee CH. Defining keratin protein function in skin epithelia: epidermolysis bullosa simplex and its aftermath. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:763-75. [PMID: 22277943 PMCID: PMC3279600 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare genetic condition typified by superficial bullous lesions following incident frictional trauma to the skin. Most cases of EBS are due to dominantly acting mutations in keratin 14 (K14) or K5, the type I and II intermediate filament (IF) proteins that copolymerize to form a pancytoplasmic network of 10 nm filaments in basal keratinocytes of epidermis and related epithelia. Defects in K5-K14 filament network architecture cause basal keratinocytes to become fragile, and account for their rupture upon exposure to mechanical trauma. The discovery of the etiology and pathophysiology of EBS was intimately linked to the quest for an understanding of the properties and function of keratin filaments in skin epithelia. Since then, continued cross-fertilization between basic science efforts and clinical endeavors has highlighted several additional functional roles for keratin proteins in the skin, suggested new avenues for effective therapies for keratin-based diseases, and expanded our understanding of the remarkable properties of the skin as an organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Uitto J, Christiano AM, McLean WHI, McGrath JA. Novel molecular therapies for heritable skin disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:820-8. [PMID: 22158553 PMCID: PMC3572786 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the past two decades in molecular genetics of heritable skin diseases, and pathogenic mutations have been identified in as many as 500 distinct human genes. This progress has resulted in improved diagnosis with prognostic implications, has refined genetic counseling, and has formed the basis for prenatal and presymptomatic testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. However, there has been relatively little progress in developing effective and specific treatments for these often devastating diseases. However, very recently, a number of novel molecular strategies, including gene therapy, cell-based approaches, and protein replacement therapy, have been explored for the treatment of these conditions. This overview will focus on the prototypic heritable blistering disorders, epidermolysis bullosa, and related keratinopathies, in which significant progress has been made recently toward treatment, and it will illustrate how some of the translational research therapies have already entered the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Uitto
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, and Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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