1
|
Zhou K, Wu C, Cheng W, Zhang B, Wei R, Cheng D, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang W, Yao Z, Zhang X. Transglutaminase 3 regulates cutaneous squamous carcinoma differentiation and inhibits progression via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-mediated Keratin 14 degradation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:252. [PMID: 38589352 PMCID: PMC11001918 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous carcinoma is the second most common epithelial malignancy, associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. However, the mechanisms underlying cSCC remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified TGM3 as a novel cSCC tumor suppressor that acts via the PI3K-AKT axis. RT-qPCR, IHC and western blotting were employed to assess TGM3 levels. TGM3-overexpression/knockdown cSCC cell lines were utilized to detect TGM3's impact on epithelial differentiation as well as tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Additionally, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were employed to examine the effect of TGM3 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. Finally, molecular and biochemical approaches were employed to gain insight into the tumor-suppressing mechanisms of TGM3. TGM3 expression was increased in well-differentiated cSCC tumors, whereas it was decreased in poor-differentiated cSCC tumors. Loss of TGM3 is associated with poor differentiation and a high recurrence rate in patients with cSCC. TGM3 exhibited tumor-suppressing activity by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. As a novel cSCC tumor differentiation marker, TGM3 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation. In addition, our results demonstrated an interaction between TGM3 and KRT14 that aids in the degradation of KRT14. TGM3 deficiency disrupts keratinocytes differentiation, and ultimately leads to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RNA-sequence analysis revealed that loss of TGM3 enhanced EMT via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Deguelin, a PI3K-AKT inhibitor, blocked cSCC tumor growth induced by TGM3 knockdown in vivo. Taken together, TGM3 inhibits cSCC tumor growth via PI3K-AKT signaling, which could also serve as a tumor differentiation marker and a potential therapeutic target for cSCC. Proposed model depicted the mechanism by which TGM3 suppress cSCC development. TGM3 reduces the phosphorylation level of AKT and degrades KRT14. In the epithelial cell layer, TGM3 exhibits a characteristic pattern of increasing expression from bottom to top, while KRT14 and pAKT are the opposite. Loss of TGM3 leads to reduced degradation of KRT14 and activation of pAKT, disrupting keratinocyte differentiation, and eventually resulting in the occurrence of low-differentiated cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhou
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqu Wei
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daian Cheng
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali FM, Zhou J, Wang M, Wang Q, Sun L, Mshenga MM, Lu H. Epidermolysis Bullosa: Two rare case reports of COL7A1 and EBS-GEN SEV KRT14 variants with review of literature. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38580989 PMCID: PMC10996244 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
EPIDERMOLYSIS Bullosa is a rare hereditary skin condition that causes blisters. Genes encoding structural proteins at or near the dermal-epidermal junction are mutated recessively or dominantly, and this is the primary cause of EB. Herein, two Chinese boys were diagnosed with the condition, each with a different variant in a gene that serves as a reference for EB genetic counseling. Skincare significantly impacted their prognosis and quality of life. CASE PRESENTATION Two Chinese boys, with phenotypically normal parents, have been diagnosed with distinct blister symptoms, one with Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa and the other with a severe form of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. The first patient had a G-to-A variant in the COL7A1 allele, at nucleotide position 6163 which was named "G2055A". The proband is heterozygous for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa due to a COL7A1 allele with a glycine substitution at the triple helix domain. A similar variant has been discovered in his mother, indicating its potential transmission to future generations. Another patient had severe Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex with a rare c.377T > A variant resulting in substitution of amino acid p.Leu126Arg (NM_000526.5 (c.377T > G, p.Leu126Arg) in the Keratin 14 gene. In prior literature, Keratin 14 has been associated with an excellent prognosis. However, our patient with this infrequent variant tragically died from sepsis at 21 days old. There has been a reported occurrence of the variant only once. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that Epidermolysis Bullosa patients with COL7A1 c.6163G > A and KRT14 c.377T>A variants have different clinical presentations, with dominant forms of Dystrophic EB having milder phenotypes than recessive ones. Thus, the better prognosis in the c.6163G > A patient. Furthermore, c.377T>A patient was more prone to infection than the patient with c.6163G>A gene variant. Genetic testing is crucial for identifying the specific variant responsible and improving treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mabrouk Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LeFever NM, Katreddi RR, Dolphin NM, Mathias NA, Forni PE. Following the p63/Keratin5 basal cells in the sensory and non-sensory epithelia of the vomeronasal organ. Genesis 2024; 62:e23596. [PMID: 38665067 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a part of the accessory olfactory system, which detects pheromones and chemical factors that trigger a spectrum of sexual and social behaviors. The vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) shares several features with the epithelium of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). However, it is a distinct neuroepithelium populated by chemosensory neurons that differ from the olfactory sensory neurons in cellular structure, receptor expression, and connectivity. The vomeronasal organ of rodents comprises a sensory epithelium (SE) and a thin non-sensory epithelium (NSE) that morphologically resembles the respiratory epithelium. Sox2-positive cells have been previously identified as the stem cell population that gives rise to neuronal progenitors in MOE and VNE. In addition, the MOE also comprises p63 positive horizontal basal cells, a second pool of quiescent stem cells that become active in response to injury. Immunolabeling against the transcription factor p63, Keratin-5 (Krt5), Krt14, NrCAM, and Krt5Cre tracing experiments highlighted the existence of horizontal basal cells distributed along the basal lamina of SE of the VNO. Single cell sequencing and genetic lineage tracing suggest that the vomeronasal horizontal basal cells arise from basal progenitors at the boundary between the SE and NSE proximal to the marginal zones. Moreover, our experiments revealed that the NSE of rodents is, like the respiratory epithelium, a stratified epithelium where the p63/Krt5+ basal progenitor cells self-replicate and give rise to the apical columnar cells facing the lumen of the VNO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah M LeFever
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Raghu Ram Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Nikki M Dolphin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Nick A Mathias
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiyaboonchai A, Wakefield L, Vonada A, May CL, Dorrell C, Enicks D, Sairavi A, Kaestner KH, Grompe M. In vivo tracing of the Cytokeratin 14 lineages using self-cleaving guide RNAs and CRISPR/Cas9. Dev Biol 2023; 504:120-127. [PMID: 37813160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The current gold-standard for genetic lineage tracing in transgenic mice is based on cell-type specific expression of Cre recombinase. As an alternative, we developed a cell-type specific CRISPR/spCas9 system for lineage tracing. This method relies on RNA polymerase II promoter driven self-cleaving guide RNAs (scgRNA) to achieve tissue-specificity. To demonstrate proof-of-principle for this approach a transgenic mouse was generated harbouring a knock-in of a scgRNA into the Cytokeratin 14 (Krt14) locus. Krt14 expression marks the stem cells of squamous epithelium in the skin and oral mucosa. The scgRNA targets a Stop cassette preceding a fluorescent reporter in the Ai9-tdtomato mouse. Ai9-tdtomato reporter mice harbouring this allele along with a spCas9 transgene demonstrated precise marking of the Krt14 lineage. We conclude that RNA polymerase II promoter driven scgRNAs enable the use of CRISPR/spCas9 for genetic lineage tracing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anne Vonada
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David Enicks
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Sairavi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rietscher K, Homberg M, Kovalenko I, Sexton JZ, Rice RH, Has C, Omary MB, Magin TM. Painting and dissecting Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex-associated keratin aggregates. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:109-111. [PMID: 37735021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Melanie Homberg
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; U-M Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Insilico Medicine HK Limited, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; U-M Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rietscher K, Jahnke HG, Rübsam M, Lin EW, Has C, Omary MB, Niessen CM, Magin TM. Kinase Inhibition by PKC412 Prevents Epithelial Sheet Damage in Autosomal Dominant Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex through Keratin and Cell Contact Stabilization. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3282-3293. [PMID: 35691363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening disorder for which no adequate therapy exists. Most cases are caused by dominant sequence variations in keratin genes K5 or K14, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic keratin aggregates, profound keratinocyte fragility, and cytolysis. We hypothesized that pharmacological reduction of keratin aggregates, which compromise keratinocyte integrity, represents a viable strategy for the treatment of EBS. In this study, we show that the multikinase inhibitor PKC412, which is currently in clinical use for acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systemic mastocytosis, reduced keratin aggregation by 40% in patient-derived K14.R125C EBS-associated keratinocytes. Using a combination of epithelial shear stress assay and real-time impedance spectroscopy, we show that PKC412 restored intercellular adhesion. Molecularly, global phosphoproteomic analysis together with immunoblots using phosphoepitope-specific antibodies revealed that PKC412 treatment altered phosphorylated sites on keratins and desmoplakin. Thus, our data provide a proof of concept to repurpose existing drugs for the targeted treatment of EBS and showcase how one broad-range kinase inhibitor reduced keratin filament aggregation in patient-derived EBS keratinocytes and the fragility of EBS cell monolayers. Our study paves the way for a clinical trial using PKC412 for systemic or local application in patients with EBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric W Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evtushenko NA, Beilin AK, Kosykh AV, Vorotelyak EA, Gurskaya NG. Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212446. [PMID: 34830328 PMCID: PMC8624175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited keratinopathies that, in most cases, arise due to mutations in keratins and lead to intraepidermal ruptures. The cellular pathology of most EBS subtypes is associated with the fragility of the intermediate filament network, cytolysis of the basal layer of the epidermis, or attenuation of hemidesmosomal/desmosomal components. Mutations in keratins 5/14 or in other genes that encode associated proteins induce structural disarrangements of different strengths depending on their locations in the genes. Keratin aggregates display impaired dynamics of assembly and diminished solubility and appear to be the trigger for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon being phosphorylated by MAPKs. Global changes in cellular signaling mainly occur in cases of severe dominant EBS mutations. The spectrum of changes initiated by phosphorylation includes the inhibition of proteasome degradation, TNF-α signaling activation, deregulated proliferation, abnormal cell migration, and impaired adherence of keratinocytes. ER stress also leads to the release of proinflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which enhance avalanche-like inflammation. Many instances of positive feedback in the course of cellular stress and the development of sterile inflammation led to systemic chronic inflammation in EBS. This highlights the role of keratin in the maintenance of epidermal and immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arkadii K. Beilin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya V. Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadya G. Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sundberg JP, Pratt CH, Goodwin LP, Silva KA, Kennedy VE, Potter CS, Dunham A, Sundberg BA, HogenEsch H. Keratinocyte-specific deletion of SHARPIN induces atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235295. [PMID: 32687504 PMCID: PMC7371178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations in the SHANK-associated RH domain interacting protein (Sharpin) resulted in a severe autoinflammatory type of chronic proliferative dermatitis, inflammation in other organs, and lymphoid organ defects. To determine whether cell-type restricted loss of Sharpin causes similar lesions, a conditional null mutant was created. Ubiquitously expressing cre-recombinase recapitulated the phenotype seen in spontaneous mutant mice. Limiting expression to keratinocytes (using a Krt14-cre) induced a chronic eosinophilic dermatitis, but no inflammation in other organs or lymphoid organ defects. The dermatitis was associated with a markedly increased concentration of serum IgE and IL18. Crosses with S100a4-cre resulted in milder skin lesions and moderate to severe arthritis. This conditional null mutant will enable more detailed studies on the role of SHARPIN in regulating NFkB and inflammation, while the Krt14-Sharpin-/- provides a new model to study atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - C. Herbert Pratt
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Anisa Dunham
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bchetnia M, Martineau L, Racine V, Powell J, McCuaig C, Puymirat J, Laprise C. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UQACi001-A) from a severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex patient with the heterozygous mutation p.R125S in the KRT14 gene. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101748. [PMID: 32179493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated UQACi001-A, a new induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from skin fibroblasts of a male patient with the generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex phenotype (EBS-gen sev) and carrying the keratin 14 (K14) R125S mutation. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed using non-integrating Sendai virus vectors. The iPSC line displayed normal molecular karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers, is capable of differentiating into three embryonic germ layers and is genetically identical to the originating parental fibroblasts. The established iPSC model provides a valuable resource for studying the rare disease of epidermolysis bullosa simplex and developing new therapies as DNA editing by CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mbarka Bchetnia
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Laurie Martineau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Véronique Racine
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Hôpital Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Jack Puymirat
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Cui K, Yang Z, Li T, Hua G, Han D, Yao Y, Chen J, Deng X, Yang X, Deng X. Transcriptome Analysis of Improved Wool Production in Skin-Specific Transgenic Sheep Overexpressing Ovine β-Catenin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030620. [PMID: 30709037 PMCID: PMC6387261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls decisive steps in embryogenesis and functions as a crucial effector in the development of hair follicles. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wool production have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of ovine β-catenin on wool follicles of transgenic sheep produced by pronuclear microinjection with a skin-specific promoter of human keratin14 (k14). Both polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis showed that the sheep carried the ovine β-catenin gene and that the β-catenin gene could be stably inherited. To study the molecular responses to high expression of β-catenin, high-throughput RNA-seq technology was employed using three transgenic sheep and their wild-type siblings. These findings suggest that β-catenin normally plays an important role in wool follicle development by activating the downstream genes of the Wnt pathway and enhancing the expression of keratin protein genes and keratin-associated protein genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Deping Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanzhu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaotian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nanda A, Liu L, Al-Ajmi H, Al-Saleh QA, Al-Fadhli S, Anim JT, Ozoemena L, Mellerio JE, McGrath JA. Clinical subtypes and molecular basis of epidermolysis bullosa in Kuwait. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1058-1067. [PMID: 30011071 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous blistering skin disease, but in countries such as Kuwait, there are very limited data on the clinical and molecular pathology of EB. To improve understanding of EB in Kuwait, we report the experience of a local tertiary referral center over a 17.5 year period (January 2000-June 2017) in establishing clinical and molecular diagnoses. METHODS Review of hospital records and diagnostic reports. Individual cases were diagnosed by combinations of clinical assessment, skin biopsy (immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy), Sanger sequencing of EB genes, and whole exome sequencing. RESULTS Fifty-four families with EB were registered with the clinic over this period, 41 of whom (84 patients) participated in diagnostic studies. Thirty-seven of these 41 families had consanguineous marriages; 34 had recessive forms of EB, while only seven had dominant subtypes. Recurrent mutations were observed in epidermal dystonin, transglutaminase 5, and type VII collagen. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of EB in Kuwait is approximately three times that of internationally cited rates with an over-representation of autosomal recessive variants. Establishing the molecular basis of EB in Kuwait with accurate diagnostic subtyping provides a basis for determining healthcare requirements and improving patient management of EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Lu Liu
- National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Suad Al-Fadhli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - John T Anim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Ozoemena
- National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fard M, Akhavan-Tavakoli M, Khanjani S, Zare S, Edalatkhah H, Arasteh S, Mehrabani D, Zarnani AH, Kazemnejad S, Shirazi R. Bilayer Amniotic Membrane/Nano-fibrous Fibroin Scaffold Promotes Differentiation Capability of Menstrual Blood Stem Cells into Keratinocyte-Like Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:100-110. [PMID: 29247317 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides a dynamic barrier separating and protecting human body from the exterior world, and then immediate repair and rebuilding of the epidermal barrier is crucial after wound and injury. Wound healing without scars and complete regeneration of skin tissue still remain as a clinical challenge. The demand to engineer scaffolds that actively promote regeneration of damaged areas of the skin has been increased. In this study, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like cells in the presence of human foreskin-derived keratinocytes on a bilayer scaffold based on amniotic membrane and silk fibroin. Based on the findings, newly differentiated keratinocytes from MenSCs successfully expressed the keratinocytes specific markers at both mRNA and protein levels judged by real-time PCR and immunostaining techniques, respectively. We could show that the differentiated cells over bilayer composite scaffolds express the keratinocytes specific markers at higher levels when compared with those cultured in conventional 2D culture system. Based on these findings, bilayer amniotic membrane/nano-fibrous fibroin scaffold represents an efficient natural construct with broad applicability to generate keratinocytes from MenSCs for stem cell-based skin wounds healing and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhavan-Tavakoli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Edalatkhah
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Shaalan A, Liefers S, Coudenys J, Elewaut D, Proctor GB, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM, Pringle S. Dysregulation of NF-kB in glandular epithelial cells results in Sjögren's-like features. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200212. [PMID: 30067782 PMCID: PMC6070175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune disease primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is characterized by hypofunction of the salivary glands (SGs), the cause of which is not correlated to lymphocytic SG infiltration, as prevailing dogma often states. We knocked out the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway inhibitor A20 in keratin14+ epithelial cells, to investigate if immune activated epithelial cells are capable of initiating pSS SG hallmarks. We show that immune activated epithelial cells can cause T cell dominated leukocytic infiltration and immune foci development of the SGs, reflecting the early clinical picture. Infiltrating leukocytes invaded striated ducts, similar to early stage lymphoepithelial lesions observed clinically. Expression of proinflammatory cyto-/chemokines IFNɣ, TNFα, IL-6, CXCL10 and CXCL13 increased in A20-/- SGs, and functionally both volume and mucin 10 content of whole stimulated saliva from A20-/- mice was significantly reduced. Epithelial cells may therefore represent the initial trigger for pSS SG pathologies, as opposed to simple reactionaries to pre-existing stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer Shaalan
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Liefers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gordon B. Proctor
- Division of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dhawan D, Hahn NM, Ramos-Vara JA, Knapp DW. Naturally-occurring canine invasive urothelial carcinoma harbors luminal and basal transcriptional subtypes found in human muscle invasive bladder cancer. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007571. [PMID: 30089113 PMCID: PMC6101404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that molecular subtypes (e.g. luminal and basal subtypes) affect the prognosis and treatment response in patients with muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer (invasive urothelial carcinoma, iUC). Modeling these subtypes in pre-clinical animal studies is essential, but it is challenging to produce these subtypes, along with other critical host and tumor features, in experimentally-induced animal models. This study was conducted to determine if luminal and basal molecular subtypes are present in naturally-occurring canine iUC, a cancer that mimics the human condition in other key aspects. RNA sequencing was performed on 29 canine treatment naive iUC tissue samples and on four normal canine bladder mucosal samples. Data were aligned to CanFam 3.1, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of these genes revealed two distinct groups (n = 13, n = 16). When genes that distinguish basal and luminal subtypes in human cancer (n = 2015) were used to probe genes differentially expressed between normal canine bladder and iUC, 829 enriched signature genes were identified. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of these genes revealed two distinct groups comprised of 18 luminal subtype tumors and 11 basal subtype tumors. The enriched genes included MMP9, SERPINE2, CAV1, KRT14, and RASA3 in basal tumors, and PPARG, LY6E, CTSE, CDK3, and TBX2 in luminal tumors. In supervised clustering, additional genes of importance in human iUC were identified in canine iUC associated with claudin-low and infiltrated tumors. A smaller panel of genes (n = 60) was identified that distinguished canine luminal and basal iUC with overall 93.1% accuracy. Immune signature patterns similar to those in human iUC were also identified with the greatest enrichment of immune genes being in the basal subtype tumors. These findings provide additional compelling evidence that naturally-occurring canine iUC is a highly relevant and much needed model of human iUC for translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Noah M. Hahn
- Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - José A. Ramos-Vara
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Deborah W. Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sonzogni O, Haynes J, Seifried LA, Kamel YM, Huang K, BeGora MD, Yeung FA, Robert-Tissot C, Heng YJ, Yuan X, Wulf GM, Kron KJ, Wagenblast E, Lupien M, Kislinger T, Hannon GJ, Muthuswamy SK. Reporters to mark and eliminate basal or luminal epithelial cells in culture and in vivo. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004049. [PMID: 29924804 PMCID: PMC6042798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of basal and luminal cells to cancer progression and metastasis is poorly understood. We report generation of reporter systems driven by either keratin-14 (K14) or keratin-8 (K8) promoter that not only express a fluorescent protein but also an inducible suicide gene. Transgenic mice express the reporter genes in the right cell compartments of mammary gland epithelia and respond to treatment with toxins. In addition, we engineered the reporters into 4T1 metastatic mouse tumor cell line and demonstrate that K14+ cells, but not K14- or K8+, are both highly invasive in three-dimensional (3D) culture and metastatic in vivo. Treatment of cells in culture, or tumors in mice, with reporter-targeting toxin inhibited both invasive behavior and metastasis in vivo. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), secretome, and epigenome analysis of K14+ and K14- cells led to the identification of amphoterin-induced protein 2 (Amigo2) as a new cell invasion driver whose expression correlated with decreased relapse-free survival in patients with TP53 wild-type (WT) breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olmo Sonzogni
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurie A. Seifried
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yahia M. Kamel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Huang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D. BeGora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faith Au Yeung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Robert-Tissot
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xin Yuan
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerbug M. Wulf
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ken J. Kron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elvin Wagenblast
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Hannon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Senthil K. Muthuswamy
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tuong ZK, Noske K, Kuo P, Bashaw AA, Teoh SM, Frazer IH. Murine HPV16 E7-expressing transgenic skin effectively emulates the cellular and molecular features of human high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Papillomavirus Res 2018; 5:6-20. [PMID: 29807614 PMCID: PMC5886957 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently available vaccines prevent HPV infection and development of HPV-associated malignancies, but do not cure existing HPV infections and dysplastic lesions. Persistence of infection(s) in immunocompetent patients may reflect induction of local immunosuppressive mechanisms by HPV, providing a target for therapeutic intervention. We have proposed that a mouse, expressing HPV16 E7 oncoprotein under a Keratin 14 promoter (K14E7 mice), and which develops epithelial hyperplasia, may assist with understanding local immune suppression mechanisms that support persistence of HPV oncogene-induced epithelial hyperplasia. K14E7 skin grafts recruit immune cells from immunocompetent hosts, but consistently fail to be rejected. Here, we review the literature on HPV-associated local immunoregulation, and compare the findings with published observations on the K14E7 transgenic murine model, including comparison of the transcriptome of human HPV-infected pre-malignancies with that of murine K14E7 transgenic skin. We argue from the similarity of i) the literature findings and ii) the transcriptome profiles that murine K14E7 transgenic skin recapitulates the cellular and secreted protein profiles of high-grade HPV-associated lesions in human subjects. We propose that the K14E7 mouse may be an appropriate model to further study the immunoregulatory effects of HPV E7 expression, and can facilitate development and testing of therapeutic vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z K Tuong
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Noske
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P Kuo
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A A Bashaw
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S M Teoh
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - I H Frazer
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Murrell D. [New developments in the management of congenital epidermolysis bullosa]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017; 144:S6-S7. [PMID: 29096942 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.09.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Murrell
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital St-George, université de Nouvelle-Galles-du-Sud, Sydney, Australie.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kocher T, Peking P, Klausegger A, Murauer EM, Hofbauer JP, Wally V, Lettner T, Hainzl S, Ablinger M, Bauer JW, Reichelt J, Koller U. Cut and Paste: Efficient Homology-Directed Repair of a Dominant Negative KRT14 Mutation via CRISPR/Cas9 Nickases. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2585-2598. [PMID: 28888469 PMCID: PMC5675592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to induce rapid and efficient repair of disease-causing mutations, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is ideally suited for gene therapy approaches for recessively and dominantly inherited monogenic disorders. In this study, we have corrected a causal hotspot mutation in exon 6 of the keratin 14 gene (KRT14) that results in generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS-gen sev), using a double-nicking strategy targeting intron 7, followed by homology-directed repair (HDR). Co-delivery into EBS keratinocytes of a Cas9 D10A nickase (Cas9n), a predicted single guide RNA pair specific for intron 7, and a minicircle donor vector harboring the homology donor template resulted in a recombination efficiency of >30% and correction of the mutant KRT14 allele. Phenotypic correction of EBS-gen sev keratinocytes was demonstrated by immunofluorescence analysis, revealing the absence of disease-associated K14 aggregates within the cytoplasm. We achieved a promising safety profile for the CRISPR/Cas9 double-nicking approach, with no detectable off-target activity for a set of predicted off-target genes as confirmed by next generation sequencing. In conclusion, we demonstrate a highly efficient and specific gene-editing approach for KRT14, offering a causal treatment option for EBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patricia Peking
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfred Klausegger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Murauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Lettner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Ablinger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichelt
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim EN, Harris AG, Bingham LJ, Yan W, Su JC, Murrell DF. A Review of 52 Pedigrees with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Identifying Ten Novel Mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 in Australia. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:1114-1119. [PMID: 28561874 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare heritable skin fragility disorder, most commonly caused by dominant mutations in KRT5 and KRT14. EBS shows clinical heterogeneity with localised, intermediate and generalised severe forms, which tend to correlate with the location and nature of the disease causing mutations. We therefore aimed to identify the KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in patients diagnosed with EBS in Australia, and explore in depth the genotype to the phenotype correlations in patients with novel variants. Australian patients who were diagnosed with EBS after referral to the Australian National Diagnostic Laboratory for EB were offered mutation screening in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes. From this, 32 different mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 were identified within 39 of 52 pedigrees. Ten of these mutations from 9 different pedigrees were novel, a further fatal case caused by KRT5 E477K is reported and in addition the third reported case of digenic inheritance in EBS was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roberts NA, Adams BD, McCarthy NI, Tooze RM, Parnell SM, Anderson G, Kaech SM, Horsley V. Prdm1 Regulates Thymic Epithelial Function To Prevent Autoimmunity. J Immunol 2017; 199:1250-1260. [PMID: 28701508 PMCID: PMC5544928 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is largely prevented by medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs) through their expression and presentation of tissue-specific Ags to developing thymocytes, resulting in deletion of self-reactive T cells and supporting regulatory T cell development. The transcription factor Prdm1 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases in humans through genome-wide association studies and in mice using cell type-specific deletion of Prdm1 in T and dendritic cells. In this article, we demonstrate that Prdm1 functions in TECs to prevent autoimmunity in mice. Prdm1 is expressed by a subset of mouse TECs, and conditional deletion of Prdm1 in either Keratin 14- or Foxn1-expressing cells in mice resulted in multisymptom autoimmune pathology. Notably, the development of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells occurs normally in the absence of Blimp1. Importantly, nude mice developed anti-nuclear Abs when transplanted with Prdm1 null TECs, but not wild-type TECs, indicating that Prdm1 functions in TECs to regulate autoantibody production. We show that Prdm1 acts independently of Aire, a crucial transcription factor implicated in medullary TEC function. Collectively, our data highlight a previously unrecognized role for Prdm1 in regulating thymic epithelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Roberts
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D Adams
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
- Investigative Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nicholas I McCarthy
- School of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- School of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Anderson
- School of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dmello C, Sawant S, Alam H, Gangadaran P, Mogre S, Tiwari R, D’Souza Z, Narkar M, Thorat R, Patil K, Chaukar D, Kane S, Vaidya M. Vimentin regulates differentiation switch via modulation of keratin 14 levels and their expression together correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172559. [PMID: 28225793 PMCID: PMC5321444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein, predominantly expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, although its aberrant expression is seen in many carcinomas during epithelial mesenchymal transition. In cancer, vimentin expression is associated with the transition from a more differentiated epithelial phenotype to a dedifferentiated state. In view of the perceived role of keratins (Ks) as regulators of differentiation in epithelia, it was important to understand whether vimentin modulates differentiation through the reprogramming of keratins, in transformed cells. To address this, vimentin was stably downregulated in oral cancer derived cells. Further, global keratin profiling was performed after high salt keratin extraction. K5/K14 pair was found to be significantly downregulated, both at protein and mRNA levels upon vimentin downregulation. The previous study from our laboratory has shown a role of the K5/K14 pair in proliferation and differentiation of squamous epithelial cells. Vimentin depleted cells showed an increase in the differentiation state, marked by an increase in the levels of differentiation specific markers K1, involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin while its proliferation status remained unchanged. Rescue experiments with the K5/K14 pair overexpressed in vimentin knockdown background resulted in decreased differentiation state. ΔNp63 emerged as one of the indirect targets of vimentin, through which it modulates the expression levels of K5/K14. Further, immunohistochemistry showed a significant correlation between high vimentin-K14 expression and recurrence/poor survival in oral cancer patients. Thus, in conclusion, vimentin regulates the differentiation switch via modulation of K5/K14 expression. Moreover, vimentin-K14 together may prove to be the novel markers for the prognostication of human oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saie Mogre
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Zinia D’Souza
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Narkar
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Patil
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Confalonieri M, Buratti E, Grassi G, Bussani R, Chilosi M, Farra R, Abrami M, Stuani C, Salton F, Ficial M, Confalonieri P, Zandonà L, Romano M. Keratin14 mRNA expression in human pneumocytes during quiescence, repair and disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172130. [PMID: 28199407 PMCID: PMC5310884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung alveoli slowly self-renew pneumocytes, but their facultative regeneration capacity is rapidly efficient after an injury, so fibrosis infrequently occurs. We recently observed Keratin 14 (KRT14) expression during diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), but not in controls. We wonder if KRT14 may be a marker of pneumocyte transition from quiescence to regeneration. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses highlighted the presence of KRT14 (mRNA and protein) only in human lung samples with DAD or interstitial lung disease (ILD). In the exponentially growing cell lines A549 and H441, the mRNA and protein levels of KRT14 peaked at day one after cell seeding and decreased at day two, opposite to what observed for the proliferation marker E2F1. The inverse relation of KRT14 versus E2F1 expression holds true also for other proliferative markers, such as cyclin E1 and cyclin D1. Of interest, we also found that E2F1 silencing caused cell cycle arrest and increased KRT14 expression, whilst E2F1 stimulation induced cell cycle progression and decreased KRT14. KRT14 also increased in proliferative pneumocytes (HPAEpiC) just before transdifferentiation. Overall, our results suggest that KRT14 is a viable biomarker of pneumocyte activation, and repair/regeneration. The involvement of KRT14 in regenerative process may suggest a novel pharmaceutical target to accelerate lung repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stuani
- Molecular Pathology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Ficial
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Pathology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zandonà
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Molecular Pathology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pitolli C, Pietroni V, Marekov L, Terrinoni A, Yamanishi K, Mazzanti C, Melino G, Candi E. Characterization of TG2 and TG1-TG2 double knock-out mouse epidermis. Amino Acids 2016; 49:635-642. [PMID: 27864691 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse the formation of isopeptide bonds between the γ-carboxamide groups of glutamine residues and the ε-amino groups of lysine residues leading to cross-linking reactions among proteins. Four members, TG1, TG2, TG3, and TG5, of the nine mammalian enzymes are expressed in the skin. TG1, TG3 and TG5 crosslinking properties are fundamental for cornified envelope assembly. In contrast, the role of TG2 in keratinization has never been studied at biochemical level in vivo. In this study, taking advantage of the TG2 knock-out (KO) and TG1 heterozygous mice, we generated and characterized the epidermis of TG1-TG2 double knock-out (DKO) mice. We performed morphological analysis of the epidermis and evaluation of the expression of differentiation markers. In addition, we performed analysis of the amino acid composition from isolated corneocytes. We found a significant change in amino acid composition in TG1KO cornified cell envelopes (CEs) while TG2KO amino acid composition was similar to wild-type CEs. Our results confirm a key role of TG1 in skin differentiation and CE assembly and demonstrate that TG2 is not essential for CE assembly and skin formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pietroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Okano J, Kojima H, Katagi M, Nakagawa T, Nakae Y, Terashima T, Kurakane T, Kubota M, Maegawa H, Udagawa J. Hyperglycemia Induces Skin Barrier Dysfunctions with Impairment of Epidermal Integrity in Non-Wounded Skin of Type 1 Diabetic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166215. [PMID: 27846299 PMCID: PMC5113047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes skin complications, including xerosis and foot ulcers. Ulcers complicated by infections exacerbate skin conditions, and in severe cases, limb/toe amputations are required to prevent the development of sepsis. Here, we hypothesize that hyperglycemia induces skin barrier dysfunction with alterations of epidermal integrity. The effects of hyperglycemia on the epidermis were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with/without insulin therapy. The results showed that dye leakages were prominent, and transepidermal water loss after tape stripping was exacerbated in diabetic mice. These data indicate that hyperglycemia impaired skin barrier functions. Additionally, the distribution of the protein associated with the tight junction structure, tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1), was characterized by diffuse and significantly wider expression in the diabetic mice compared to that in the control mice. In turn, epidermal cell number was significantly reduced and basal cells were irregularly aligned with ultrastructural alterations in diabetic mice. In contrast, the number of corneocytes, namely, denucleated and terminally differentiated keratinocytes significantly increased, while their sensitivity to mechanical stress was enhanced in the diabetic mice. We found that cell proliferation was significantly decreased, while apoptotic cells were comparable in the skin of diabetic mice, compared to those in the control mice. In the epidermis, Keratin 5 and keratin 14 expressions were reduced, while keratin 10 and loricrin were ectopically induced in diabetic mice. These data suggest that hyperglycemia altered keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Finally, these phenotypes observed in diabetic mice were mitigated by insulin treatment. Reduction in basal cell number and perturbation of the proliferation/differentiation process could be the underlying mechanisms for impaired skin barrier functions in diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration Center of Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakae
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurakane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kubota
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jun Udagawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang X, Hou W, Epperly MW, Rigatti L, Wang H, Franicola D, Sivanathan A, Greenberger JS. Evolution of malignant plasmacytoma cell lines from K14E7 Fancd2-/- mouse long-term bone marrow cultures. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68449-68472. [PMID: 27637088 PMCID: PMC5356567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the effect of expression of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV E7) oncogene on hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) derived from K14E7 (FVB) Fancd2-/- (129/Sv), K14E7 Fancd2+/+, Fancd2-/-, and control (FVB X 129/Sv) Fl mice. K14E7 Fancd2-/- and Fancd2-/- LTBMCs showed decreased duration of production of total nonadherent hematopoietic cells and progenitors forming day 7 and day 14 multilineage CFU-GEMM colonies in secondary cultures (7 wks and 8 wks respectively) compared to cultures from K14E7 Fancd2+/+ (17 wks) or control mice (18 wks) p < 0.0001. Marrow stromal cell lines derived from both K14E7 Fancd2-/- and Fancd2-/- cultures were radiosensitive, as were IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines derived from K14E7 Fancd2-/- cultures. In contrast, Fancd2-/- mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell lines and fresh marrow were radioresistant. K14E7 Fancd2-/- mouse freshly explanted bone marrow expressed no detectable K14 or E7; however, LTBMCs produced K14 positive factor-independent (FI) clonal malignant plasmacytoma forming cell lines in which E7 was detected in the nucleus with p53 and Rb. Transfection of an E6/E7 plasmid into Fancd2-/-, but not control Fancd2+/+ IL-3 dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, increased cloning efficiency, cell growth, and induced malignant cell lines. Therefore, the altered radiobiology of hematopoietic progenitor cells and malignant transformation in vitro by K14E7 expression in cells of the Fancd2-/- genotype suggests a potential role of HPV in hematopoietic malignancies in FA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Lora Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Darcy Franicola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Aranee Sivanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, 15232 PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Papafotiou G, Paraskevopoulou V, Vasilaki E, Kanaki Z, Paschalidis N, Klinakis A. KRT14 marks a subpopulation of bladder basal cells with pivotal role in regeneration and tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11914. [PMID: 27320313 PMCID: PMC4915139 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium is a specialized epithelium that lines the urinary tract. It consists of three different cell types, namely, basal, intermediate and superficial cells arranged in relatively distinct cell layers. Normally, quiescent, it regenerates fast upon injury, but the regeneration process is not fully understood. Although several reports have indicated the existence of progenitors, their identity and exact topology, as well as their role in key processes such as tissue regeneration and carcinogenesis have not been clarified. Here we show that a minor subpopulation of basal cells, characterized by the expression of keratin 14, possesses self-renewal capacity and also gives rise to all cell types of the urothelium during natural and injury-induced regeneration. Moreover, these cells represent cells of origin of urothelial cancer. Our findings support the hypothesis of basally located progenitors with profound roles in urothelial homoeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Papafotiou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Paraskevopoulou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Vasilaki
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Kanaki
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Damm A, Giebeler N, Zamek J, Zigrino P, Kufer TA. Epidermal NLRP10 contributes to contact hypersensitivity responses in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1959-69. [PMID: 27221772 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) protein NLRP10 is highly expressed in the epidermis and contributes to cell-autonomous responses against invasive bacteria. To investigate the role of NLRP10 in inflammatory responses of the skin we analyzed the effect of full-body and keratinocyte-specific depletion of NLRP10 in croton oil-induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice. Nlrp10(-/-) mice were phenotypically normal and skin repair after wounding was not affected by lack of NLRP10. Similarly, we did not detect a contribution of NLRP10 to the ICD response induced by croton oil. In contrast, Nlrp10(-/-) mice showed significantly reduced inflammation in the DNFB-induced CHS response as compared to control animals. Microscopic analysis revealed significantly reduced numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the infiltrates of animals lacking NLRP10 expression after CHS challenge. Epidermis-specific deletion of Nlrp10 by keratin-14 promotor driven Cre-recombinase was sufficient to account for this phenotype, although lymphocyte recruitment seemed to be unaltered in animals lacking NLRP10 expression in keratinocytes. Taken together, we provide evidence that NLRP10 contributes to T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses in the skin and highlight a physiological role of NLRP10 in epidermal keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damm
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nives Giebeler
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Zamek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abdulaal WH, Walker CR, Costello R, Redondo‐Castro E, Mufazalov IA, Papaemmanouil A, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM, Waisman A, Pinteaux E, Müller W. Characterization of a conditional interleukin-1 receptor 1 mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:912-8. [PMID: 26692072 PMCID: PMC4982085 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 is a key cytokine known to drive chronic inflammation and to regulate many physiological, immunological, and neuroimmunological responses via actions on diverse cell types of the body. To determine the mechanisms of IL-1 actions as part of the inflammatory response in vivo, we generated a conditional IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system (IL-1R1(fl/fl) ). In the mutant generated, exon 5, which encodes part of the extracellular-binding region of the receptor, is flanked by LoxP sites, thereby inactivating the two previously described functional IL-1R1 gene transcripts after Cre-mediated recombination. Using keratin 14-Cre driver mice, new IL-1R1 deficient (-/-) mice were subsequently generated, in which all signaling IL-1 receptor isoforms are deleted ubiquitously. Furthermore, using vav-iCre driver mice, we deleted IL-1 receptor isoforms in the hematopoietic system. In these mice, we show that both the IL-17 and IL-22 cytokine response is reduced, when mice are challenged by the helminth Trichuris muris. We are currently crossing IL-1R1(fl/fl) mice with different Cre-expressing mice in order to study mechanisms of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ryan Costello
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - Ilgiz A. Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | | | - Stuart M. Allan
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu Y, Zhao Y, Skerry B, Wang X, Colin-Cassin C, Radisky DC, Kaestner KH, Li Z. Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation. Genesis 2016; 54:277-85. [PMID: 26919034 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) plays a critical role in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, particularly estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive luminal breast cancer cells. However, genetic studies of the requirement for Foxa1 in mammary tumor formation in mice have been hampered by the lack of a conditional gene ablation. We examined three mouse models of mammary-specific ablation of Foxa1 in ductal epithelial cells to identify the best system for complete and mammary-specific ablation of Foxa1. We found that MMTV-Cre and MMTV-rtTA;Tet-On-Cre led to partial deletion of Foxa1 and attenuated mammary duct formation, whereas Krt14-Cre led to complete ablation of Foxa1 and abolished mammary duct formation, in Foxa1(loxP/loxP) mice. These results demonstrate that Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation, and reveal a series of mouse models in which mammary expression of Foxa1 can be attenuated or completely blocked. Our study also suggests a potentially powerful model for complete ablation of Foxa1 in mammary epithelial cells using Krt14-driven Cre expression in an inducible manner, such as Krt14-rtTA;Tet-On-Cre. This model system will facilitate further in vivo functional studies of Foxa1 or other factors in mammary gland development and tumor formation and progression. genesis 54:277-285, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yongbing Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Benjamin Skerry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Skin integrity requires an ongoing replacement and repair orchestrated by several cell types. We previously investigated the architecture of the skin of avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (Myb) knock-out (KO) embryos and wound repair in Myb(+/)(-) mice revealing a need for Myb in the skin, attributed to fibroblast-dependent production of collagen type 1. Here, using targeted Myb deletion in keratin-14 (K14) positive cells we reveal further Myb-specific defects in epidermal cell proliferation, thickness and ultrastructural morphology. This was associated with a severe deficit in collagen type 1 production, reminiscent of that observed in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Since collagen type 1 is a product of fibroblasts, the collagen defect observed was unexpected and appears to be directed by the loss of Myb with significantly reduced tumor growth factor beta 1 (Tgfβ-1) expression by primary keratinocytes. Our findings support a specific role for Myb in K14+ epithelial cells in the preservation of adult skin integrity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shienny Sampurno
- Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , East Melbourne , Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hammam O, Wishahiz M, Khalil H, El Ganzouri H, Badawy M, Elkhquly A, Elesaily K. Expression of cytokeratin 7, 20, 14 in urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the Egyprian urinary bladder cancer. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2014; 44:733-740. [PMID: 25643514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated the expression of CK-7, CK14, and CK-20 protein in human bladder carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma (UC) in comparison to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to show its possible correlation to clinicopathologic parameters (grade and stage and bilharziasis), and investigate whether cytokeratin 14 immunostaining may be useful to detect early squamous metaplasia in bladder biopsies and in association with UC. We evaluated the bladder tissues of 200 patients with bladder carcinoma, 150 patients had UC, and 50 patients had SCC. Imunohistochemical technique was used for detection of CK7, CK14 and CK20 monoclonal antibodies. The mean age of the patients was 55 years (range 51-70 years). The UC were classified according to grades into grade I, II and III in 20, 40 and 90 cases, respectively. Stages of UC were: Ta in 10, T1 in 60 and 90 patients with muscle-invasive T2-3. In UC cases 105 /150 (70%) were positive for over expression of CK20. In the same group of UC 120/150 (80) were positive for over expression of CK7. Negative expression was found in SCC cases. A High grades of the UC were associated with decrease expression of CK 20, there were 20 (100%) in GI, 35 (87.5%) in GII, 50 (68.6%) in GIII (P <0.01), and an increase expression of CK7 4 (20%) in GI, 26 (65%) in GII, 90(100%) in GIII (P <0.01). CK20 expression decreased as the tumor stages increased, it was 15 (100%) in Ta, 50 (83.3%) in T1, 40 (50%) in T2-3 (P <0.01), while CK7 showed increase expression in 2 cases with Ta tumor (20%), 38 (47.5%) in T1, 80 (100%) in T2-T3 (P <0.01). The present study confirmed that CK14 is expressed in SCC and in UC with squamous differentiation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lovaglio J, Artwohl JE, Ward CJ, Diekwisch TG, Ito Y, Fortman JD. Case study: polycystic livers in a transgenic mouse line. Comp Med 2014; 64:115-120. [PMID: 24674586 PMCID: PMC3997289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three mice (2 male, 1 female; age, 5 to 16 mo) from a mouse line transgenic for keratin 14 (K14)-driven LacZ expression and on an outbred Crl:CD1(ICR) background, were identified as having distended abdomens and livers that were diffusely enlarged by numerous cysts (diameter, 0.1 to 2.0 cm). Histopathology revealed hepatic cysts lined by biliary type epithelium and mild chronic inflammation, and confirmed the absence of parasites. Among 21 related mice, 5 additional affected mice were identified via laparotomy. Breeding of these 5 mice (after 5 mo of age) did not result in any offspring; the K14 mice with polycystic livers failed to reproduce. Affected male mice had degenerative testicular lesions, and their sperm was immotile. Nonpolycystic K14 control male mice bred well, had no testicular lesions, and had appropriate sperm motility. Genetic analysis did not identify an association of this phenotype with the transgene or insertion site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lovaglio
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James E Artwohl
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | - Thomas Gh Diekwisch
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Fortman
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tao R, Sun TJ, Han YQ, Xu G, Liu J, Han YF. Epimorphin-induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into sweat gland cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1404-1410. [PMID: 24867521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential for multi-directional differentiation and can be induced to differentiate into sweat gland cells under certain conditions. Epimorphin (EPM) plays an important role in the promotion of epithelial cell morphogenesis; however, its effect on sweat gland-cell differentiation of MSCs remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate how EPM regulates sweat gland cell differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS hUCMSCs were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) before differentiation induction; were cultured in common culture medium, conditioned medium, or EPM-conditioned medium; and then induced to differentiate into sweat gland cells. Five days after induction, the expression rates of the sweat gland-cell antigens cytokeratin 14 (CK14), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in hUCMSCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels of CK14, CK19, and CEA were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. RESULTS hUCMSCs can be induced to differentiate into sweat gland cells in conditioned medium, and expression of CEA was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Flow cytometry results showed that the expression rate of the sweat gland-cell antigens CK14, CK19, and CEA in the conditioned medium were significantly lower than that in the EPM conditioned medium (p < 0.05). RT-PCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of CK14, CK19, and CEA in the conditioned medium were all significantly lower than that in the EPM-conditioned medium (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EPM can effectively induce the differentiation of hUCMSCs into sweat gland cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wagner M, Trost A, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Onder K. Imbalance of intermediate filament component keratin 14 contributes to increased stress signalling in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:292-4. [PMID: 23528216 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An important characteristic of epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling-Meara (EBS-DM) keratinocytes is the increased level of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress signalling, which is thought to contribute to the disease phenotype. In this work, we report on the dramatic up-regulation of cytokeratin 14 (K14) in the EBS-DM model cell line KEB7 at both the transcriptional and translational levels, which is noteworthy because KEB7 patient cells are heterozygous for a missense mutation (R125P) in K14. By performing functional assays, we show a direct link between overexpressed wild-type K14 and increased JNK signalling in healthy, immortalized keratinocytes. This observation led us to hypothesize a positive feedback model in which mutant (R125P) K14 triggers JNK signalling, leading to increased AP1-dependent expression of K14, which in turn amplifies JNK signalling further. We therefore suggest that an imbalance of cytoplasmic K14 monomers and K14 incorporated into the intermediate filament (IF) network leads to elevated stress signalling, potentially altering IF dynamics by phosphorylation, which as a side effect, weakens EBS-DM keratinocytes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Shinkuma S, Nishie W, Jacyk WK, Natsuga K, Ujiie H, Nakamura H, Akiyama M, Shimizu H. A novel keratin 5 mutation in an African family with epidermolysis bullosa simplex indicates the importance of the amino acid located at the boundary site between the H1 and coil 1A domains. Acta Derm Venereol 2013; 93:585-7. [PMID: 23450297 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li H, Hu JH. [Mechanism of psoriasis generation in animal models]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:809-813. [PMID: 23984512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease related to genome-wide and surroundings, it is important to develop a suitable animal model to research psoriasis pathogenesis and evolve pharmacotherapeutics. With the development of transgenetic technology in the past few years, psoriasis virulence gene animal model become a hotspot. Research of animal model of human psoriasis genes is reviewed in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sánchez-Céspedes R, Suárez-Bonnet A, Millán Y, Guil-Luna S, Reymundo C, Herráez P, Espinosa de Los Monteros A, Martin de Las Mulas J. Use of CD10 as a marker of canine mammary myoepithelial cells. Vet J 2013; 195:192-9. [PMID: 22819182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD10 is an important cell marker in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and of breast myoepithelial (ME) cells in humans. The objective of this study was to assess the value of CD10 as a marker of canine ME cells using immunohistochemistry on routinely processed normal, dysplastic and neoplastic mammary tissue. Five different CD10 positive cell types were identified on the basis of cell morphology, pattern of immunoreactivity, and on the co-expression of additional cell lineage-specific markers. Type 1 cells were typical fusiform cells with a ME cell phenotype (calponin- and cytokeratin [CK] 14-positive, CK8/18-negative). Type 2 cells were typical or atypical polyhedral cells with a luminal epithelial (LE) cell phenotype (calponin- and CK14-negative, CK8/18-positive). Type 3 cells had a type 1 phenotype with variable morphology, and type 4 were atypical neoplastic cells with a mixed ME/LE phenotype. Type 5 cells were typical fusiform cells with a stromal phenotype. Type 1 cells were considered normal ME cells and were found in all sample types; type 2 cells were considered normal or neoplastic LE cells and were also found in all sample types; types 3 and 4 cells were restricted to tumour samples and to malignant tumours, respectively, and type 5 cells were found in all sample types, although predominantly in neoplastic tissue. The findings indicate that the CD10 antigen is a sensitive (although not specific) marker of canine ME cells in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic mammary tissue. Differences in the distribution and staining intensity of CD10-positive cells suggest a number of potential roles for this protein in the pathogenesis of canine mammary neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Céspedes
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Crombie J, Greenlaw S, Fenner J, Lyle S, Wiss K. Loose anagen hair syndrome in two patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Dowling-Meara type. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:e120-1. [PMID: 22890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Qin X, Gao X, Ding X. [Research of CK14 mRNA in detection of laryngeal cancer with lymph node micrometastasis]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012; 26:753-755. [PMID: 23213758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
40
|
Abstract
Transgenic Keratin14-rtTA-PTR mice specifically express Keratin14 (K14) in the tongue epithelia, as well as co-express EGFP and the dominant negative ΔTgfbr2 genes upon treatment with Doxycycline (Dox). As TGF-β signaling negatively regulates the stem cell cycle and proliferation, its disruption by Dox induction in these transgenic mice shortens the cell cycle and allows observation of the final fate of those mutated cell lineages within a short period of time. Here, we used inducible transgenic mice to track the K14+ cells through the cell migration stream by immunohistochemical an immunofluorescent imaging. We showed that these cells have different development patterns from the tip to posterior of the tongue, achieved presumably by integrating positional information from the microenvironment. The expression of the K14 gene was variable, depending on the location of the tongue and papillae. Disruption of TGF-β signaling in K14+ progenitor cells resulted in proliferation of stem cell pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sepkovic DW, Raucci L, Stein J, Carlisle AD, Auborn K, Ksieski HB, Nyirenda T, Bradlow HL. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane increases serum interferon-γ levels in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model for cervical cancer. In Vivo 2012; 26:207-211. [PMID: 22351660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have declined in the United States, this cancer represents a worldwide threat. Human papilloma viral infection causes cervical neoplasia (CIN). 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) prevents or inhibits the progression from cervical dysplasia to cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective dose of DIM given continuously in food, that significantly increases serum interferon gamma levels (IFN-γ) in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model for cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five doses of DIM in food were administered to the mouse model for 20 weeks. Serum Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels and estrogen metabolite levels were quantified. RESULTS At 1000 ppm DIM, serum IFN-γ concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.0396). The estrogen metabolites were unchanged. IFN-γ concentrations in CIN free mice and the percentage of CIN free transgenic mice were well correlated (r=0.88). DISCUSSION Significant increases in IFN-γ serum concentrations that correlate with the percentage of CIN free mice in each group indicate that 1000 ppm of DIM in food may be the most effective dose for future studies. These results may eventually lead to new and effective vaccination strategies in women already infected with the human papilloma virus.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/blood
- Estradiol/pharmacokinetics
- Estradiol/toxicity
- Female
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Keratin-14/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/blood
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/physiology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/biosynthesis
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Transgenes
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/blood
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/blood
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/prevention & control
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sepkovic
- The David and Alice Jurist Institute for Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gray C, Greenlaw SM, Alavian C, Wiss K. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation: a novel KRT14 mutation. J Drugs Dermatol 2011; 10:926-927. [PMID: 21818518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Gray
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kitagawa H, Yamanaka K, Kakeda M, Inada H, Imai Y, Gabazza EC, Kurokawa I, Mizutani H. Propionibacterium acnes vaccination induces regulatory T cells and Th1 immune responses and improves mouse atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:157-8. [PMID: 21255097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by a polarized Th2 immune response. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been shown to elicit strong Th1 immune responses. We hypothesized that the host immune response to P. acnes will prevent the development of AD. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of P. acnes vaccination on AD that occurs in keratin 14/driven caspase-1 transgenic mouse. Vaccination with low dose of P. acnes successfully prevented clinical manifestations in the skin of AD mice associated with systemic and cutaneous increased expression of Th1-type cytokines but without suppression of Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, the numbers of IFN-γ(+) T cells, FoxP3(+) CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells (nTreg) and IL-10(+) T cells (Tr1) were significantly increased in the spleen. P. acnes vaccination has effects to alter the cytokine milieu and may be useful for the improvement of atopic symptom.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kong J, Crissey MA, Funakoshi S, Kreindler JL, Lynch JP. Ectopic Cdx2 expression in murine esophagus models an intermediate stage in the emergence of Barrett's esophagus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18280. [PMID: 21494671 PMCID: PMC3071814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an intestinal metaplasia that occurs in the setting of chronic acid and bile reflux and is associated with a risk for adenocarcinoma. Expression of intestine-specific transcription factors in the esophagus likely contributes to metaplasia development. Our objective was to explore the effects of an intestine-specific transcription factor when expressed in the mouse esophageal epithelium. Transgenic mice were derived in which the transcription factor Cdx2 is expressed in squamous epithelium using the murine Keratin-14 gene promoter. Effects of the transgene upon cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, and barrier integrity were explored. K14-Cdx2 mice express the Cdx2 transgene in esophageal squamous tissues. Cdx2 expression was associated with reduced basal epithelial cell proliferation and altered cell morphology. Ultrastructurally two changes were noted. Cdx2 expression was associated with dilated space between the basal cells and diminished cell-cell adhesion caused by reduced Desmocollin-3 mRNA and protein expression. This compromised epithelial barrier function, as the measured trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the K14-Cdx2 epithelium was significantly reduced compared to controls (1189 Ohm*cm(2) ±343.5 to 508 Ohm*cm(2)±92.48, p = 0.0532). Secondly, basal cells with features of a transitional cell type, intermediate between keratinocytes and columnar Barrett's epithelial cells, were observed. These cells had reduced keratin bundles and increased endoplasmic reticulum levels, suggesting the adoption of secretory-cell features. Moreover, at the ultrastructural level they resembled "Distinctive" cells associated with multilayered epithelium. Treatment of the K14-Cdx2 mice with 5'-Azacytidine elicited expression of BE-associated genes including Cdx1, Krt18, and Slc26a3/Dra, suggesting the phenotype could be advanced under certain conditions. We conclude that ectopic Cdx2 expression in keratinocytes alters cell proliferation, barrier function, and differentiation. These altered cells represent a transitional cell type between normal squamous and columnar BE cells. The K14-Cdx2 mice represent a useful model to study progression from squamous epithelium to BE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Crissey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinsuke Funakoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James L. Kreindler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John P. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang GY, Wang J, Mancianti ML, Epstein EH. Basal cell carcinomas arise from hair follicle stem cells in Ptch1(+/-) mice. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:114-24. [PMID: 21215705 PMCID: PMC3061401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are hedgehog-driven tumors that resemble follicular and interfollicular epidermal basal keratinocytes and hence long have been thought to arise from these cells. However, the actual cell of origin is unknown. Using cell fate tracking of X-ray induced BCCs in Ptch1(+/-) mice, we found their essentially exclusive origin to be keratin 15-expressing stem cells of the follicular bulge. However, conditional loss of p53 not only enhanced BCC carcinogenesis from the bulge but also produced BCCs from the interfollicular epidermis, at least in part by enhancing Smo expression. This latter finding is consistent with the lack of visible tumors on ears and tail, sites lacking Smo expression, in Ptch1(+/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ying Wang
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Joy Wang
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | | | - Ervin H. Epstein
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu W, Liu J, Shi MA, Wang J, Xiang M, Kitamoto S, Wang B, Sukhova GK, Murphy GF, Orasanu G, Grubb A, Shi GP. Cystatin C deficiency promotes epidermal dysplasia in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13973. [PMID: 21085595 PMCID: PMC2981574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteine protease cathepsins are important in extracellular matrix protein degradation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Mice lacking cathepsins are protected from tumor progression in several animal models, suggesting that the regulation of cathepsin activities controls the growth of various malignant tumors. Methods and Results We tested the role of cathepsins using a mouse model of multistage epithelial carcinogenesis, in which the human keratin-14 promoter/enhancer drove the expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) early region E6/E7 transgenes. During the progression of premalignant dysplasia, we observed increased expression of cysteine protease cathepsin S, but concomitantly reduced expression of cathepsin endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in the skin tissue extract. Absence of cystatin C in these transgenic mice resulted in more progression of dysplasia to carcinoma in situ on the face, ear, chest, and tail. Chest and ear skin extract real time PCR and immunoblot analysis, mouse serum sample ELISA, tissue immunohistological analysis, and tissue extract-mediated in vitro elastinolysis and collagenolysis assays demonstrated that cystatin C deficiency significantly increased cathepsin expression and activity. In skin from both the chest and ear, we found that the absence of cystatin C reduced epithelial cell apoptosis but increased proliferation. From the same tissue preparations, we detected significantly higher levels of pro-angiogenic laminin 5-derived γ2 peptides and concurrently increased neovascularization in cystatin C-deficient mice, compared to those from wild-type control mice. Conclusion Enhanced cathepsin expression and activity in cystatin C-deficient mice contributed to the progression of dysplasia by altering premalignant tissue epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Michael A. Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiro Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Orasanu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Glàsz-Bóna A, Medvecz M, Virágh Z, Hatvani Z, Blazsek A, Kárpáti S. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation - mutation analysis proved the diagnosis in a four-generation pedigree. Eur J Dermatol 2010; 20:698-700. [PMID: 20923750 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2010.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation (EBS-MP) is a rare variant of the basal form of EBS, characterized by mild intraepidermal blistering due to lysis of basal keratinocytes and with a progressive reticular hyperpigmentation on the trunk and extremities. A limited number of cases - to date twenty unrelated families - have been published from all over the world, including thirteen reports from Europe. We here report the first Hungarian case in a four generation pedigree with EBS-MP symptoms and prove the diagnosis by mutation analysis. A heterozygous p.Pro25Leu mutation in the first exon of KRT5, together with the heterozygous polymorphism p.Gly138Glu, was identified in all the five affected family members studied. Our report extends the limited number of EBS-MP cases and gives further evidence that KRT5 mutations are responsible for this rare phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Glàsz-Bóna
- Department of Dermato-Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41. H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Background Identification of stem cells from a corneal epithelial cell population by specific molecular markers has been investigated previously. Expressions of P63, ABCG2 and K14/K5 have all been linked to mammalian corneal epithelial stem cells. Here we report on the limitations of K14/K5 as a limbal stem cell marker. Methodology/Principal Findings K14/K5 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and Real time PCR and compared between bovine epithelial cells in the limbus and central cornea. A functional study was also included to investigate changes in K5/14 expression within cultured limbal epithelial cells undergoing forced differentiation. K14 expression (or its partner K5) was detected in quiescent epithelial cells from both the limbal area and central cornea. K14 was localized predominantly to basal epithelial cells in the limbus and suprabasal epithelial cells in the central cornea. Western blotting revealed K14 expression in both limbus and central cornea (higher levels in the limbus). Similarly, quantitative real time PCR found K5, partner to K14, to be expressed in both the central cornea and limbus. Following forced differentiation in culture the limbal epithelial cells revealed an increase in K5/14 gene/protein expression levels in concert with a predictable rise in a known differentiation marker. Conclusions/Significance K14 and its partner K5 are limited not only to the limbus but also to the central bovine cornea epithelial cells suggesting K14/K5 is not limbal specific in situ. Furthermore K14/K5 expression levels were not lowered (in fact they increased) within a limbal epithelial cell culture undergoing forced differentiation suggesting K14/K5 is an unreliable maker for undifferentiated cells ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Shengli Mi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Bernice Wright
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Che John Connon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sengupta A, Lichti UF, Carlson BA, Ryscavage AO, Gladyshev VN, Yuspa SH, Hatfield DL. Selenoproteins are essential for proper keratinocyte function and skin development. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12249. [PMID: 20805887 PMCID: PMC2923614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium is known to protect skin against UV-induced damage and cancer and its topical application improves skin surface parameters in humans, while selenium deficiency compromises protective antioxidant enzymes in skin. Furthermore, skin and hair abnormalities in humans and rodents may be caused by selenium deficiency, which are overcome by dietary selenium supplementation. Most important biological functions of selenium are attributed to selenoproteins, proteins containing selenium in the form of the amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Sec insertion into proteins depends on Sec tRNA; thus, knocking out the Sec tRNA gene (Trsp) ablates selenoprotein expression. We generated mice with targeted removal of selenoproteins in keratin 14 (K14) expressing cells and their differentiated descendents. The knockout progeny had a runt phenotype, developed skin abnormalities and experienced premature death. Lack of selenoproteins in epidermal cells led to the development of hyperplastic epidermis and aberrant hair follicle morphogenesis, accompanied by progressive alopecia after birth. Further analyses revealed that selenoproteins are essential antioxidants in skin and unveiled their role in keratinocyte growth and viability. This study links severe selenoprotein deficiency to abnormalities in skin and hair and provides genetic evidence for the role of these proteins in keratinocyte function and cutaneous development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sengupta
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ulrike F. Lichti
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew O. Ryscavage
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHY); (DLH)
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHY); (DLH)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bodó E, Kany B, Gáspár E, Knüver J, Kromminga A, Ramot Y, Bíró T, Tiede S, van Beek N, Poeggeler B, Meyer KC, Wenzel BE, Paus R. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, a novel, locally produced modulator of human epidermal functions, is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid hormones. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1633-42. [PMID: 20176727 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several elements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) reportedly are transcribed by human skin cell populations, and human hair follicles express functional receptors for TSH. Therefore, we asked whether the epidermis of normal human skin is yet another extrathyroidal target of TSH and whether epidermis even produces TSH. If so, we wanted to clarify whether intraepidermal TSH expression is regulated by TRH and/or thyroid hormones and whether TSH alters selected functions of normal human epidermis in situ. TSH and TSH receptor (TSH-R) expression were analyzed in the epidermis of normal human scalp skin by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In addition, full-thickness scalp skin was organ cultured and treated with TSH, TRH, or thyroid hormones, and the effect of TSH treatment on the expression of selected genes was measured by quantitative PCR and/or quantitative immunohistochemistry. Here we show that normal human epidermis expresses TSH at the mRNA and protein levels in situ and transcribes TSH-R. It also contains thyrostimulin transcripts. Intraepidermal TSH immunoreactivity is up-regulated by TRH and down-regulated by thyroid hormones. Although TSH-R immunoreactivity in situ could not be documented within the epidermis, but in the immediately adjacent dermis, TSH treatment of organ-cultured human skin strongly up-regulated epidermal expression of involucrin, loricrin, and keratins 5 and 14. Thus, normal human epidermis in situ is both an extrapituitary source and (possibly an indirect) target of TSH signaling, which regulates defined epidermal parameters. Intraepidermal TSH expression appears to be regulated by the classical endocrine controls that determine the systemic HPT axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Bodó
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|