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Fertitta L, Welfringer-Morin A, Rigourd V, Jamet A, Hadj-Rabia S, Lesage F, Bodemer C. Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a breastfed neonate. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:e36-e38. [PMID: 31420893 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Fertitta
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Université de Paris AP-HP-5, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - A Welfringer-Morin
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Université de Paris AP-HP-5, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - V Rigourd
- Breast Milk bank, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - A Jamet
- Department of Bacteriology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Université de Paris AP-HP-5, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - F Lesage
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - C Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Université de Paris AP-HP-5, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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52
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Barnig C, Bezema T, Calder PC, Charloux A, Frossard N, Garssen J, Haworth O, Dilevskaya K, Levi-Schaffer F, Lonsdorfer E, Wauben M, Kraneveld AD, Te Velde AA. Activation of Resolution Pathways to Prevent and Fight Chronic Inflammation: Lessons From Asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1699. [PMID: 31396220 PMCID: PMC6664683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly considered as a passive process, the resolution of acute inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with a cascade of coordinated cellular and molecular events that promotes termination of the inflammatory response and initiates tissue repair and healing. In a state of immune fitness, the resolution of inflammation is contained in time and space enabling the restoration of tissue homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that poor and/or inappropriate resolution of inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, extending in time the actions of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and responsible in the long run for excessive tissue damage and pathology. In this review, we will focus on how resolution can be the target for therapy in "Th1/Th17 cell-driven" immune diseases and "Th2 cell-driven" immune diseases, with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma, as relevant examples. We describe the main cells and mediators stimulating the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pharmacological and dietary interventions but also life style factors, physical and psychological conditions, might influence the resolution phase. A better understanding of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the resolution of inflammation might open a whole area in the development of personalized therapies in non-resolving chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Charloux
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Haworth
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's School of Medicine and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Dilevskaya
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evelyne Lonsdorfer
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marca Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, AGEM, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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53
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Oxylipin concentration, but not fatty acid composition, is altered in human donor milk pasteurised using both thermal and non-thermal techniques. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:47-55. [PMID: 31006410 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human donor milk (DM) is Holder pasteurised (62·5°C, 30 min) to ensure its microbiological safety for infant consumption. In low-resource settings, flash heating is used to pasteurise milk. Although there is considerable interest in non-thermal alternatives (high hydrostatic pressure processing (HHP) and UVC irradiation) for pasteurisation, their effect on the fatty acid composition is not well understood. Of particular interest is the effect of pasteurisation on the generation of oxylipins. DM from eight mothers containing bacteria >5 × 107 colony-forming units/l was used. In a paired design, each pool of milk underwent four pasteurisation techniques: Holder; flash heating; UVC (250 nm, 25 min) and HHP (500 MPa, 8 min). Fatty acids were quantified by GC-flame ionisation detection and oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid; 18-carbon PUFA (α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid) and EPA/DHA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem MS in aliquots of raw and processed milk. There were no significant changes to the composition of fatty acids following all pasteurisation techniques compared with raw milk. The n-6:n-3 ratio remained constant ranging from 6·4 to 6·6. Several arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins were highest post-UVC and elevated post-HHP compared with raw milk. Several oxylipins derived from 18-carbon PUFA (linoleic and α-linolenic acids) were elevated in UVC-treated milk. EPA/DHA-derived oxylipins were on average, unaffected by pasteurisation. Although some PUFA-derived oxylipins were increased following UVC and HHP, no method affected the fatty acid composition of human DM. Further research is needed to determine if varying levels of oxylipins in human DM as a result of processing can potentially mediate cellular signalling; proliferation and apoptosis, especially important for preterm infant development.
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54
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Panahipour L, Kochergina E, Kreissl A, Haiden N, Gruber R. Milk modulates macrophage polarization in vitro. Cytokine X 2019; 1:100009. [PMID: 33604549 PMCID: PMC7885867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Milk holds an anti-inflammatory response that is particularly important to protecting infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. Milk might also exert anti-inflammatory effects in adulthood, including the oral cavity where macrophages of the oral mucosal control innate immunity defense. It remains unknown, however, whether milk can modulate the local inflammatory response by affecting the polarization of macrophages. Material and Methods To determine whether pasteurized human milk and pasteurized cow milk can provoke macrophage polarization, murine bone marrow macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were exposed to human saliva or the inflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα. Activation of pro-(M1) inflammatory response is indicated by the expression of IL1 and IL8. To determine polarization towards a M2 phenotype, the expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3) was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoassay. Western blot was done on phosphorylated p38 and JNK. Results Aqueous fractions of human milk and cow milk from different donors, respectively, significantly decreased the inflammatory response of primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cells when exposed to saliva or IL1 and TNFα. Similar to IL4, human milk and cow milk caused a robust expression of ARG1 and Chil3 in primary macrophages. The polarization of macrophages by pasteurized milk occurred independent of the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Conclusion These data suggest that pasteurized milk, independent of the origin, can cause the polarization of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 towards a pro-resolving M2 phenotype. Thus, milk might have a protective role for the oral cavity by modulation of the macrophage-based innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgeniya Kochergina
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kreissl
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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55
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Bonagura VR. Successful Rituximab Treatment for Lymphoma, Secondary Immunodeficiency Causing Debilitating Sinusitis: Underlying Primary Immunodeficiency Disease, and Alternative Treatments to Improve the Quality of Life? J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:229-230. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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56
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Karcz K, Walkowiak M, Makuch J, Olejnik I, Królak-Olejnik B. Non-Nutritional Use of Human Milk Part 1: A Survey of the Use of Breast Milk as a Therapy for Mucosal Infections of Various Types in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101715. [PMID: 31100785 PMCID: PMC6572138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of home remedies for the treatment of moderately severe ailments is a common practice in the Polish population. Currently, the topic of the potential non-nutritional properties of human milk is attracting the attention of breastfeeding mothers. This study was aimed at understanding lactating women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices of non-nutritional breast milk on mucous membranes. The study was conducted among lactating women, who filled out a questionnaire consisting of questions about their knowledge and experiences with non-nutritional use of human milk. Statistical calculations were conducted with chi-square test and c-Pearson coefficient. A total of 1187 women were acted on, whereby 768 of respondents claimed to have knowledge of the non-nutritional use of human milk on mucous membranes, whilst 404 of them claimed that they had used at least one method. Among the most frequently used methods were the treatment of rhinorrhea, lacrimal canaliculi obstruction, and conjunctivitis. A correlation between length of breastfeeding (p < 0.001) and knowledge of non-nutritional human milk usage in prophylaxis and treatment of mucous membrane inflammation was found. Breastfeeding duration (p < 0.001) and parity (p < 0.005) were correlated with the application of those methods in practice. Due to a high propensity to testing those methods, parents’ education in the field of possible risks and importance of medical consultations is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Karcz
- Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Walkowiak
- Neonatology and Neonate Intensive Care Students Scientific Association, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Julia Makuch
- Neonatology and Neonate Intensive Care Students Scientific Association, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Igor Olejnik
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Królak-Olejnik
- Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
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57
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Botten N, Hodges RR, Li D, Bair JA, Shatos MA, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca 2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8468-8478. [PMID: 31013438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) secrete mucins into the tear film to preserve ocular surface homeostasis. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), like resolvins (Rvs), regulate secretion from CGCs and actively terminate inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if RvD2 stimulated mucin secretion and to investigate the cellular signaling components. Goblet cells were cultured from rat conjunctiva. Secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay, change in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) using Fura-2, and cellular cAMP levels by ELISA. RvD2 (10-11-10-8 M) stimulated secretion, increased cellular cAMP levels and the [Ca2+]i. RvD2-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion was blocked by Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis and the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride but not by the cAMP exchange protein inhibitor α-[2-(3-chlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-b-oxo-3-isoxazolepropanenitrile. Forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) increased [Ca2+]i. Increasing cAMP with 8-Br-cAMP inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by the cAMP-independent agonist cholinergic agonist carbachol. In conclusion, RvD2 uses both cellular cAMP and [Ca2+]i to stimulate glycoconjugate secretion from CGCs, but the interaction of cAMP and [Ca2+]i is context dependent. Thus RvD2 likely assists in the maintenance of the mucous layer of the tear film to sustain ocular surface homeostasis and has potential as a novel treatment for dry eye disease.-Botten, N., Hodges, R. R., Li, D., Bair, J. A., Shatos, M. A., Utheim, T. P., Serhan, C. N., Dartt, D. A. Resolvin D2 elevates cAMP to increase intracellular [Ca2+] and stimulate secretion from conjunctival goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Botten
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dayu Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie A Shatos
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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58
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, Pro-Resolving Mediators, and Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010098. [PMID: 30621269 PMCID: PMC6356980 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega (n)-3 fatty acids are vital to neonatal maturation, and recent investigations reveal n-3 fatty acids serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects. The role SPM play in the protection against negative maternal-fetal health outcomes is unclear, and there are no current biomarkers of n-3 fatty acid sufficiency. We sought to ascertain the relationships between n-3 fatty acid intake, SPM levels, and maternal-fetal health outcomes. We obtained n-3 fatty acid intake information from 136 mothers admitted for delivery using a food frequency questionnaire and measured docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and RvD2 in maternal and cord plasma. We found significantly elevated SPM in maternal versus cord plasma, and increased SPM levels were associated with at-risk outcomes. We also identified that increased DHA intake was associated with elevated maternal plasma RvD1 (p = 0.03; R² = 0.18) and RvD2 (p = 0.04; R² = 0.20) in the setting of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. These findings indicate that increased n-3 fatty acid intake may provide increased substrate for the production of SPM during high-risk pregnancy/delivery conditions, and that increased maternal plasma SPM could serve as a biomarker for negative neonatal outcomes.
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59
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Dartt DA, Hodges RR, Serhan CN. Immunoresolvent Resolvin D1 Maintains the Health of the Ocular Surface. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:13-25. [PMID: 31562618 PMCID: PMC6859005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the role of one of the D-series resolvins (Rv) RvD1 in the regulation of conjunctival goblet cell secretion and its role in ocular surface health. RvD1 is the most thoroughly studied of the specialized proresolution mediators in the goblet cells. The anterior surface of the eye consists of the cornea (the transparent central area) and the conjunctiva (opaque tissue that surrounds the cornea and lines the eyelids). The secretory mucin MUC5AC produced by the conjunctival goblet cells is protective of the ocular surface and especially helps to maintain clear vision through the cornea. In health, a complex neural reflex stimulates goblet cell secretion to maintain an optimum amount of mucin in the tear film. The specialized pro-resolution mediator, D-series resolvin (RvD1) is present in human tears and induces goblet cell mucin secretion. RvD1 interacts with its receptors ALX/FPR2 and GPR32, activates phospholipases C, D, and A2, as well as the EGFR. This stimulation increases the intracellular [Ca2+] and activates extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 to cause mucin secretion into the tear film. This mucin secretion protects the ocular surface from the challenges in the external milieu thus maintaining a healthy interface between the eye and the environment. RvD1 forms a second important mechanism along with activation of a neural reflex pathway to regulate goblet cell mucin secretion and protect the ocular surface in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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60
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Tanabe S, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of resolvin E3 via palladium-catalyzed addition of AcOH to vinyl epoxy alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2393-2402. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
(18R)- and (18S)-resolvins E3 were synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed addition of AcOH to the syn and anti isomers of vinyl epoxy alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tanabe
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8501
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8501
- Japan
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61
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Norris PC, Skulas-Ray AC, Riley I, Richter CK, Kris-Etherton PM, Jensen GL, Serhan CN, Maddipati KR. Identification of specialized pro-resolving mediator clusters from healthy adults after intravenous low-dose endotoxin and omega-3 supplementation: a methodological validation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18050. [PMID: 30575798 PMCID: PMC6303400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediator(s) (SPMs) are produced from the endogenous ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and accelerate resolution of acute inflammation. We identified specific clusters of SPM in human plasma and serum using LC-MS/MS based lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics in two separate laboratories for inter-laboratory validation. The human plasma cluster consisted of resolvin (Rv)E1, RvD1, lipoxin (LX)B4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA, and the human serum cluster consisted of RvE1, RvD1, AT-LXA4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA. Human plasma and serum SPM clusters were increased after ω-3 supplementation (triglyceride dietary supplements or prescription ethyl esters) and low dose intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. These results were corroborated by parallel determinations with the same coded samples in a second, separate laboratory using essentially identical metabololipidomic operational parameters. In these healthy subjects, two ω-3 supplementation protocols (Study A and Study B) temporally increased the SPM cluster throughout the endotoxin-challenge time course. Study A and Study B were randomized and Study B also had a crossover design with placebo and endotoxin challenge. Endotoxin challenge temporally regulated lipid mediator production in human serum, where pro-inflammatory eicosanoid (prostaglandins and thromboxane) concentrations peaked by 8 hours post-endotoxin and SPMs such as resolvins and lipoxins initially decreased by 2 h and were then elevated at 24 hours. In healthy adults given ω-3 supplementation, the plasma concentration of the SPM cluster (RvE1, RvD1, LXB4, 18-HEPE, and 17-HDHA) peaked at two hours post endotoxin challenge. These results from two separate laboratories with the same samples provide evidence for temporal production of specific pro-resolving mediators with ω-3 supplementation that together support the role of SPM in vivo in inflammation-resolution in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ian Riley
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chesney K Richter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gordon L Jensen
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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62
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Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour REE, Walker KH, Engstrom BD, Levy BD. Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Airway Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1335-1370. [PMID: 29717929 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne pathogens and environmental stimuli evoke immune responses in the lung. It is critical to health that these responses be controlled to prevent tissue damage and the compromise of organ function. Resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process that is coordinated by biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have been identified in resolution exudates. These molecules orchestrate anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions that are cell type specific. In this review, we highlight SPM biosynthesis, the influence of SPMs on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, as well as recent insights from SPMs on inflammatory disease pathophysiology. Uncovering these mediators and cellular mechanisms for resolution is providing new windows into physiology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Braden D Engstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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63
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Serhan CN, Chiang N, Dalli J. New pro-resolving n-3 mediators bridge resolution of infectious inflammation to tissue regeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:1-17. [PMID: 28802833 PMCID: PMC5832503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While protective, the acute inflammatory response when uncontrolled can lead to further tissue damage and chronic inflammation that is now widely recognized to play important roles in many commonly occurring diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and many other diseases of significant public health concern. The ideal response to initial challenges of the host is complete resolution of the acute inflammatory response, which is now recognized to be a biosynthetically active process governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). These chemically distinct families include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins that are biosynthesized from essential fatty acids. The biosynthesis and complete stereochemical assignments of the major SPM are established, and new profiling procedures have recently been introduced to document the activation of these pathways in vivo with isolated cells and in human tissues. The active resolution phase leads to tissue regeneration, where we've recently identified new molecules that communicate during resolution of inflammation to activate tissue regeneration in model organisms. This review presents an update on the documentation of the roles of SPMs and the biosynthesis and structural elucidation of novel mediators that stimulate tissue regeneration, coined conjugates in tissue regeneration. The identification and actions of the three families, maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTR), protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration (PCTR), and resolvin conjugates in tissue regeneration (RCTR), are reviewed here. The identification, structural elucidation and the pathways and biosynthesis of these new mediators in tissue regeneration demonstrate the host capacity to protect from collateral tissue damage, stimulate clearance of bacteria and debris, and promote tissue regeneration via endogenous pathways and molecules in the resolution metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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64
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García-Ravelo S, Díaz-Gómez NM, Martín MV, Dorta-Guerra R, Murray M, Escuder D, Rodríguez C. Fatty Acid Composition and Eicosanoid Levels (LTE 4 and PGE 2) of Human Milk from Normal Weight and Overweight Mothers. Breastfeed Med 2018; 13:702-710. [PMID: 30325649 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Maternal obesity is known to affect human milk composition. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are vital nutrients to the nervous system development and precursors of eicosanoids related to obesity (prostaglandin E2-PGE2-and leukotriene E4-LTE4). The aim of the present research was to study the lipid profiles, with particular emphasis to LCPUFAs, and the concentrations of eicosanoids PGE2 and LTE4, involved in adipose tissue development, in human milk from overweight mothers compared with normal weight mothers. Materials and Methods: Study including 46 overweight and 86 normal weight breastfeeding volunteers was carried out. Fatty acids and eicosanoids (PGE2 and LTE4) were analyzed in mature human milk. Fatty acids quantification was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PGE2 and LTE4 were measured by immununoassay. Results: Human milk of overweight mothers had lower contents of n-3 LCPUFA, including eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) and higher levels of total n-6 LCPUFA, compared with normal weight mothers (0.45 ± 0.23 versus 0.58 ± 0.38, p = 0.016; 0.05 ± 0.04 versus 0.08 ± 0.08, p = 0.005; 0.26 ± 0.15 versus 0.34 ± 0.22, p = 0.015; 0.84 ± 0.25 versus 0.74 ± 0.20, p = 0.029; respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal overweight was associated with human milk fatty acid profile. The levels of PGE2 and LTE4 in human milk did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that mother weight status influences human milk n-3 LCPUFA lipid composition, but not its relationship with PGE2 and LTE4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Ravelo
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN) Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nieves Marta Díaz-Gómez
- Sección de Medicina, Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Dorta-Guerra
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mercedes Murray
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diana Escuder
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN) Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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65
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Armand M, Bernard JY, Forhan A, Heude B, Charles MA, Annesi-Maesano I, Bernard JY, Botton J, Charles MA, Dargent-Molina P, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Ducimetière P, De Agostini M, Foliguet B, Forhan A, Fritel X, Germa A, Goua V, Hankard R, Heude B, Kaminski M, Larroque B, Lelong N, Lepeule J, Magnin G, Marchand L, Nabet C, Pierre F, Slama R, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Schweitzer M, Thiebaugeorges O. Maternal nutritional determinants of colostrum fatty acids in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:2127-2136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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66
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Toewe A, Balas L, Durand T, Geisslinger G, Ferreirós N. Simultaneous determination of PUFA-derived pro-resolving metabolites and pathway markers using chiral chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:185-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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67
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Mecinska L. ‘Milk Pride’: Lactivist Online Constructions of Positive Breastfeeding Value. STUDIES IN THE MATERNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.16995/sim.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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68
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Yin P, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Feng J. Roles of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 30131754 PMCID: PMC6090140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke contributes to ~80% of all stroke cases. Recanalization with thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy are currently critical therapeutic strategies for rebuilding the blood supply following ischemic stroke. However, recanalization is often accompanied by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury that is mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. Resolution of inflammation belongs to the end stage of inflammation where inflammation is terminated and the repair of damaged tissue is started. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a group of newly discovered lipid mediators called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Accumulating evidence suggests that SPMs decrease leukocyte infiltration, enhance efferocytosis, reduce local neuronal injury, and decrease both oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines in various in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of reperfusion injury and the various roles of SPMs in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- First Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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69
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Duffney PF, Falsetta ML, Rackow AR, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Key roles for lipid mediators in the adaptive immune response. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2724-2731. [PMID: 30108196 DOI: 10.1172/jci97951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an underlying feature of many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. There is an increasing appreciation of the dysregulation of adaptive immunity in chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that actively promote the resolution of inflammation has opened new avenues for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Much work has been done focusing on the impact of SPMs on innate immune cells. However, much less is known about the influence of SPMs on the development of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. This Review highlights the important breakthroughs concerning the effects of SPMs on the key cell types involved in the development of adaptive immunity, namely dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker F Duffney
- Department of Environmental Medicine.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, and
| | - Megan L Falsetta
- Department of Environmental Medicine.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, and
| | - Ashley R Rackow
- Department of Environmental Medicine.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, and
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine.,Lung Biology and Disease Program, and.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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70
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Development of quantitation method for glycated aminophospholipids at the molecular species level in powdered milk and powdered buttermilk. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8729. [PMID: 29880856 PMCID: PMC5992167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction is a nonenzymatic glycation reaction between a reducing sugar and a free amino group, known to naturally occur during heat processing of food. In this study, we especially focused on phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-linked Amadori products (Amadori-PE) in powdered milk, since the analysis of these products at the molecular species level has not yet been evaluated. Analysis of Amadori-PE was conducted by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in three different modes. The main Amadori-PE species in a powdered milk sample were first identified as 34:1, 36:1, 36:2 and 36:3 in the total ion current mode. Additionally, by using the characteristic product ions observed in the presence of sodium, we quantified the main Amadori-PE species in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, and evaluated their total concentrations in the precursor ion scan (PIS) mode for the first time. Powdered milk contained much Amadori-PE with concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 8239 mg/100 g, quantified by the PIS mode. The newly developed methods represent powerful tools for detailed analysis of glycated lipids including Amadori-PE in powdered milk, which may further be applied to research relating to infant food and nutrition.
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71
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Serhan CN, Levy BD. Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2657-2669. [PMID: 29757195 DOI: 10.1172/jci97943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 787] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited and naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation are present in many common diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. While acute inflammation is protective, excessive swarming of neutrophils amplifies collateral tissue damage and inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that control the resolution of acute inflammation provides insight into preventing and treating inflammatory diseases in multiple organs. This Review focuses on the resolution phase of inflammation with identification of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that involve three separate biosynthetic and potent mediator families, which are defined using the first quantitative resolution indices to score this vital process. These are the resolvins, protectins, and maresins: bioactive metabolomes that each stimulate self-limited innate responses, enhance innate microbial killing and clearance, and are organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis of SPMs and their activation of endogenous resolution programs as terrain for new therapeutic approaches that are not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather new immunoresolvent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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72
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Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of resolvin D4 (RvD4) was achieved using the Wittig reaction of the C1-C10 dienal with the known C11-C22 phosphonium salt. The ( S, E)-enantiomer ( S)-10, corresponding to the C1-C8 part, was synthesized in 95% ee by the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction of the corresponding acetylenic ketone followed by Red-Al reduction. Sharpless epoxidation of this alcohol using Ti(O- i-Pr)4/l-(+)-DIPT as a catalyst produced anti epoxy alcohol with >99% ee as the sole product in 82% yield. A subsequent functional group manipulation, including removal of the PMB group, produced the alcohol, which upon Swern oxidation afforded anti 4-hydroxy-5-TBS-oxy enal via epoxide ring opening of the resulting aldehyde. The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction was used to add the C9-C10 enal part to this aldehyde, and the resulting dienal was subjected to the Wittig reaction with C11-C22 phosphonium salt to furnish the entire structure of RvD4. Conversion of the primary alcohol to the methyl ester and deprotection of the three TBS groups with TBAF afforded 5,17-dihydroxy-γ-lactone, which was hydrolyzed to RvD4. Additionally, anti-4,5-dihydroxydodecanoic acid, a model compound of RvD4, in CD3OD was observed to be stable at room temperature for several weeks, whereas 20% of the acid in CDCl3 was converted into the γ-lactone after 24 h at rt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Morita
- Department of Bioengineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Bioengineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Box B-52, Nagatsuta-cho 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 , Japan
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73
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Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Moyon T, Cariou V, Antignac JP, Qannari EM, Croyal M, Soumah M, Guitton Y, David-Sochard A, Billard H, Legrand A, Boscher C, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Boquien CY. Breast Milk Lipidome Is Associated with Early Growth Trajectory in Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2018; 10:E164. [PMID: 29385065 PMCID: PMC5852740 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is recommended for feeding preterm infants. The current pilot study aims to determine whether breast-milk lipidome had any impact on the early growth-pattern of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk. A prospective-monocentric-observational birth-cohort was established, enrolling 138 preterm infants, who received their own mother's breast-milk throughout hospital stay. All infants were ranked according to the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge. Then, we selected infants who experienced "slower" (n = 15, -1.54 ± 0.42 Z-score) or "faster" (n = 11, -0.48 ± 0.19 Z-score) growth; as expected, although groups did not differ regarding gestational age, birth weight Z-score was lower in the "faster-growth" group (0.56 ± 0.72 vs. -1.59 ± 0.96). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic signatures combined with multivariate analyses made it possible to identify breast-milk lipid species that allowed clear-cut discrimination between groups. Validation of the selected biomarkers was performed using multidimensional statistical, false-discovery-rate and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) tools. Breast-milk associated with faster growth contained more medium-chain saturated fatty acid and sphingomyelin, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-containing phosphethanolamine, and less oleic acid-containing triglyceride and DGLA-oxylipin. The ability of such biomarkers to predict early-growth was validated in presence of confounding clinical factors but remains to be ascertained in larger cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Alexandre-Gouabau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Thomas Moyon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Véronique Cariou
- Statistique, Sensométrie et Chimiométrie (StatSC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 44322 Nantes, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (LUNAM Université), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), USC INRA 1329, 44200 Nantes, France.
| | - El Mostafa Qannari
- Statistique, Sensométrie et Chimiométrie (StatSC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 44322 Nantes, France.
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Mohamed Soumah
- Statistique, Sensométrie et Chimiométrie (StatSC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 44322 Nantes, France.
| | - Yann Guitton
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (LUNAM Université), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), USC INRA 1329, 44200 Nantes, France.
| | - Agnès David-Sochard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Hélène Billard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Arnaud Legrand
- Faculté de Médicine de Nantes, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu (CHU), 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Cécile Boscher
- Faculté de Médicine de Nantes, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu (CHU), 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
- Faculté de Médicine de Nantes, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu (CHU), 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
- Faculté de Médicine de Nantes, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu (CHU), 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Clair-Yves Boquien
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1280, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut des Maladies de L'appareil Digestif (IMAD), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest (CRNH), 44093 Nantes, CEDEX 1, France.
- European Milk Bank Association (EMBA), 20126 Milan, Italy.
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74
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Barnig C, Frossard N, Levy BD. Towards targeting resolution pathways of airway inflammation in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:98-113. [PMID: 29352860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways with mucosal infiltration of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and mast cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators. The natural resolution of airway inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with highly coordinated cellular events under the control of endogenous pro-resolving mediators that enable the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lead members of proresolving mediators are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, eicosapentaenoic acid-derived E-series resolvins, and docosahexaenoic acid-derived D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Functionally, these specialized pro-resolving mediators can limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce granulocyte apoptosis, and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to lymphatics and blood vessels, and help initiate tissue repair and healing. In this review, we highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms for successful resolution of inflammation, and describe the main specialized pro-resolving mediators that drive these processes. Furthermore, we report recent data suggesting that the pathobiology of severe asthma may result in part from impaired resolution of airway inflammation, including defects in the biosynthesis of these specialized pro-resolving mediators. Finally, we discuss resolution-based therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; EA 3072, University of Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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75
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Kuda O, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J. Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue biology. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:147-160. [PMID: 29329795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review provides evidence for the importance of white and brown adipose tissue (i.e. WAT and BAT) function for the maintenance of healthy metabolic phenotype and its preservation in response to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA), namely in the context of diseased states linked to aberrant accumulation of body fat, systemic low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. More specifically, the review deals with (i) the concept of immunometabolism, i.e. how adipose-resident immune cells and adipocytes affect each other and define the immune-metabolic interface; and (ii) the characteristic features of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT, which are relatively small fat cells endowed with a high capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, triacylglycerol/fatty acid (TAG/FA) cycling and de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The intrinsic metabolic features of WAT and their flexible regulations, reflecting the presence of "healthy adipocytes", provide beneficial local and systemic effects, including (i) protection against in situ endoplasmic reticulum stress and related inflammatory response during activation of adipocyte lipolysis; (ii) prevention of ectopic fat accumulation and dyslipidemia caused by increased hepatic VLDL synthesis, as well as prevention of lipotoxic damage of insulin signaling in extra-adipose tissues; and also (iii) increased synthesis of anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing lipid mediators with pro-resolving properties, including the branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), also depending on the activity of DNL in WAT. The "healthy adipocytes" phenotype can be induced in WAT of obese mice in response to various stimuli including dietary omega-3 PUFA, especially when combined with moderate calorie restriction, and possibly also with other life style (e.g. physical activity) or pharmacological (e.g. thiazolidinediones) interventions. While omega-3 PUFA could exert beneficial systemic effects by improving immunometabolism of WAT without a concomitant induction of BAT, it is currently not clear whether the metabolic effects of the combined intervention using omega-3 PUFA and calorie restriction or thiazolidinediones depend also on the activation of BAT function and/or the induction of brite/beige adipocytes in WAT. It remains to be established why omega-3 PUFA intervention in type 2 diabetic subjects does not improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis despite inducing various anti-inflammatory mediators in WAT, including the recently discovered docosahexaenoyl esters of hydroxy linoleic acid, the lipokines from the FAHFA family, as well as several endocannabinoid-related anti-inflammatory lipids. To answer the question whether and to which extent omega-3 PUFA supplementation could promote the formation of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT of human subjects, namely in the obese insulin-resistant patients, represents a challenging task that is of great importance for the treatment of some serious non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Programming of inflammation resolution is governed by a class of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that act in concert to modulate epithelial, endothelial, and immune cell function for restoration of homeostasis. The resolution circuits are altered in obesity and associated morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), through reduced production and/or action of SPMs, which can be rescued by therapeutic SPM delivery or up-regulation of SPM receptors. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an eicosapentaenoic acid derivative, has potent pro-resolving and insulin-sensitizing actions mediated by BLT1 and ERV1 receptors in the vasculature and metabolic organs. Nonetheless, the RvE1-mediated increase in protective adipokines such as adiponectin in white adipose tissues, the enhancement of monocyte patrolling function in the vasculature, as well as the macrophage-clearing functions improve metabolic control in obese-prone conditions. RvE1-enhanced resolving function in obesity prevents dysbiosis of the gut microflora and increased gut permeability. These functions suggest that RE1 has therapeutic potential for immunometabolic alterations associated with T2D in patients with reduced inflammation resolving capacity. SPM profiling in individuals at risk for T2D and associated complications will help to advance personalized disease management and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Paster
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Chiurchiù V, Leuti A, Dalli J, Jacobsson A, Battistini L, Maccarrone M, Serhan CN. Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:353ra111. [PMID: 27559094 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is a finely regulated process mediated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived resolvins and maresins. The immunomodulatory role of SPMs in adaptive immune cells is of interest. We report that D-series resolvins (resolvin D1 and resolvin D2) and maresin 1 modulate adaptive immune responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These lipid mediators reduce cytokine production by activated CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells but do not modulate T cell inhibitory receptors or abrogate their capacity to proliferate. Moreover, these SPMs prevented naïve CD4(+) T cell differentiation into TH1 and TH17 by down-regulating their signature transcription factors, T-bet and Rorc, in a mechanism mediated by the GPR32 and ALX/FPR2 receptors; they concomitantly enhanced de novo generation and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells via the GPR32 receptor. These results were also supported in vivo in a mouse deficient for DHA synthesis (Elovl2(-/-)) that showed an increase in TH1/TH17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, either DHA supplementation in Elovl2(-/-) mice or in vivo administration of resolvin D1 significantly reduced cytokine production upon specific stimulation of T cells. These findings demonstrate actions of specific SPMs on adaptive immunity and provide a new avenue for SPM-based approaches to modulate chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Battistini
- European Center for Brain Research, Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Lipids, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chiang N, Serhan CN. Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:114-129. [PMID: 28336292 PMCID: PMC5623601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acute inflammatory response is host-protective to contain foreign invaders. Many of today's pharmacopeia that block pro-inflammatory chemical mediators can cause serious unwanted side effects such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered a pathophysiologic basis associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity and asthma, as well as the classic inflammatory diseases, e.g. arthritis, periodontal diseases. The inflammatory response is designated to be a self-limited process that produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammatory responses. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) uncovered in recent years are endogenous mediators that include omega-3-derived families resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins that stimulate and promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduce pain and promote tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Here, we review recent evidence from human and preclinical animal studies, together with the structural and functional elucidation of SPM indicating the SPM as physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. These results suggest that it is time to develop immunoresolvents as agonists for testing resolution pharmacology in nutrition and health as well as in human diseases and during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Serhan CN. Discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators marks the dawn of resolution physiology and pharmacology. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:1-11. [PMID: 28263773 PMCID: PMC5582020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is with great pleasure that I write this foreword and introduction to this Special Issue dedicated to the protective actions of the pro-resolving mediators and edited by my colleague Dr. Jesmond Dalli. Many of my collaborators and colleagues that helped to uncover the actions and clinical potential of the resolvins and other specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), namely, the superfamily of pro-resolving mediators that includes the resolvin (E-series, D-series and DPA-derived), protectin and maresin families, as well as the arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, join me in this special issue. They have given contributions that present exciting new results on the remarkable actions and potency of these unique molecules, the SPM moving forward the importance of their mediators and pathways in human biology. Each contribution to this issue is presented by world authorities in their respective fields covering discoveries that demonstrate the importance and impact of resolution mediators in biology, medicine and surgery. While some of the authors were students and/or fellows with me and others, they are today the founding "resolutionists" of a new era of appreciation of autacoid biosynthesis and metabolomics in human health and disease with their rigorous attention to experimental detail and discovery. The chapters of this issue are filled with exciting new discoveries demonstrating the dynamics and potential of resolution mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Levels of palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (PAHSA) are reduced in the breast milk of obese mothers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:126-131. [PMID: 29154942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To achieve optimal development of a newborn, breastfeeding is extensively recommended, but little is known about the role of non-nutritive bioactive milk components. We aimed to characterize the fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), namely palmitic acid hydroxystearic acids (PAHSAs)-endogenous lipids with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, in human breast milk. Breast milk samples from 30 lean (BMI=19-23) and 23 obese (BMI>30) women were collected 72h postpartum. Adipose tissue and milk samples were harvested from C57BL/6J mice. FAHFA lipid profiles were measured using reverse phase and chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. PAHSA regioisomers as well as other FAHFAs were present in both human and murine milk. Unexpectedly, the levels of 5-PAHSA were higher relative to other regioisomers. The separation of both regioisomers and enantiomers of PAHSAs revealed that both R- and S-enantiomers were present in the biological samples, and that the majority of the 5-PAHSA signal is of R configuration. Total PAHSA levels were positively associated with weight gain during pregnancy, and 5-PAHSA as well as total PAHSA levels were significantly lower in the milk of the obese compared to the lean mothers. Our results document for the first time the presence of lipid mediators from the FAHFA family in breast milk, while giving an insight into the stereochemistry of PAHSAs. They also indicate the negative effect of obesity on 5-PAHSA levels. Future studies will be needed to explore the role and mechanism of action of FAHFAs in breast milk.
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Elliott E, Hanson CK, Anderson-Berry AL, Nordgren TM. The role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in maternal-fetal health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:98-104. [PMID: 29031403 PMCID: PMC5647871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infants developing in a pro-inflammatory intrauterine environment have a significant risk for severe complications after birth. It has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, and also reduce early preterm births and decrease risk of infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. However, the mechanism for omega-3 fatty acids exerting these effects was previously unknown. Recent evidence has shown that downstream products of polyunsaturated fatty acids called specialized pro-resolving mediators may mediate inflammatory physiology, thus playing an important role in maternal-fetal health. In this review, current knowledge relating to specialized pro-resolving mediators in pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal disease states will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elliott
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pediatrics, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, United States
| | - C K Hanson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Medical Nutrition Education, 984045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, United States
| | - A L Anderson-Berry
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pediatrics, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, United States
| | - T M Nordgren
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, 985910 Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, United States; University of California Riverside, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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Specialized Proresolving Mediators Rescue Infant Mice from Lethal Citrobacter rodentium Infection and Promote Immunity against Reinfection. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00464-17. [PMID: 28694292 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00464-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are generally highly susceptible to oral pathogens. Intestinal infection and the associated diarrhea are significant global causes of morbidity and mortality in infants. Among the enteric pathogens, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) stands out as showing the highest risk for infection-induced death in infants ≤12 months old. We have developed an experimental model of infant infection with EPEC, using the mouse-specific pathogen Citrobacter rodentium Our murine infant model is similar to EPEC infection in human infants since infant mice are much more susceptible to C. rodentium infection than adult mice; infants infected with 50-fold fewer bacteria than the standard adult dose uniformly succumbed to the infection. Infant infection is characterized by high early and sustained bacterial titers and profound intestinal inflammation associated with extensive necrosis and systemic dissemination of the bacteria. Therefore, it seems likely that infant deaths result from sepsis secondary to intestinal damage. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) have been found to exert profound beneficial effects in adult models of infection. Thus, we investigated the actions of two proresolving lipid mediators, resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin D5 (RvD5), on the course of infection in infants. Strikingly, postinfection treatment with RvD1 and RvD5 reduced bacterial loads, mitigated inflammation, and rescued the infants from death. Furthermore, postinfection treatment with RvD1 and RvD5 led to protection from reinfection associated with C. rodentium-specific IgG responses comparable to those in adults. These results indicate that SPM may provide novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of pathological intestinal infections in infants.
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83
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Das UN. Is There a Role for Bioactive Lipids in the Pathobiology of Diabetes Mellitus? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:182. [PMID: 28824543 PMCID: PMC5539435 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, decreased levels of circulating endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), altered activity of hypothalamic neurotransmitters (including serotonin and vagal tone) and gut hormones, increased concentrations of free radicals, and imbalance in the levels of bioactive lipids and their pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites have been suggested to play a role in diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) is due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells because of enhanced production of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immunocytes infiltrating the pancreas in response to unknown exogenous and endogenous toxin(s). On the other hand, type 2 DM is due to increased peripheral insulin resistance secondary to enhanced production of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to high-fat and/or calorie-rich diet (rich in saturated and trans fats). Type 2 DM is also associated with significant alterations in the production and action of hypothalamic neurotransmitters, eNO, BDNF, free radicals, gut hormones, and vagus nerve activity. Thus, type 1 DM is because of excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines close to β cells, whereas type 2 DM is due to excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the systemic circulation. Hence, methods designed to suppress excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines may form a new approach to prevent both type 1 and type 2 DM. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and similar surgeries ameliorate type 2 DM, partly by restoring to normal: gut hormones, hypothalamic neurotransmitters, eNO, vagal activity, gut microbiota, bioactive lipids, BDNF production in the gut and hypothalamus, concentrations of cytokines and free radicals that results in resetting glucose-stimulated insulin production by pancreatic β cells. Our recent studies suggested that bioactive lipids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaneoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (which are unsaturated fatty acids) and their anti-inflammatory metabolites: lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, may have antidiabetic actions. These bioactive lipids have anti-inflammatory actions, enhance eNO, BDNF production, restore hypothalamic dysfunction, enhance vagal tone, modulate production and action of ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin, and influence gut microbiota that may explain their antidiabetic action. These pieces of evidence suggest that methods designed to selectively deliver bioactive lipids to pancreatic β cells, gut, liver, and muscle may prevent type 1 and type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Hospital, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid peroxidation has long been established as a key player in the pathophysiology of critical illness. Recent developments in oxidative lipidomics have aided in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of lipid oxidation in health and disease. This review discusses recent achievements and recent developments in oxidative lipidomics and its contribution to the understanding of critical illness. RECENT FINDINGS Most studies involving acute injury focus on identifying the end products of lipid peroxidation. This misses the early events and targets of peroxidation mechanisms. Recent developments in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based oxidative lipidomics have enabled the identification of a wide variety of enzymatically generated lipid oxidation products. Such lipid mediators have been found to play an important role in injury, inflammation, and recovery in disease states such as sepsis or head trauma. SUMMARY Multiple lipid oxidation products are formed either through enzymatic pathways or through random chemical reactions. These products are often biologically active and can contribute to the regulation of cellular signaling. Oxidative lipidomics has contributed to the identification and quantification of lipid peroxidation products, the mechanism and time course of their production after injury, and synergistic functioning with other regulatory processes in the body. These advances in knowledge will help guide the future development of interventions in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S. Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Nahmah Kim-Campbell
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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Abstract
Macrophages and neutrophils orchestrate acute inflammation and host defense as well as the resolution phase and return to homeostasis. In this article, we review the contribution of macrophages to local lipid mediator (LM) levels and the regulation of macrophage LM profiles by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and neutrophil-derived microparticles. We carried out LM metabololipidomics, profiling distinct phagocytes: neutrophils (PMNs), apoptotic PMNs, and macrophages. Efferocytosis increased specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) biosynthesis, including resolvin D1 (RvD1), RvD2, and RvE2, which were further elevated by PMN microparticles. In studies using deuterium-labeled precursors (d8-arachidonic acid, d5-eicosapentaenoic acid, and d5-docosahexaenoic acid), apoptotic PMNs and microparticles contributed to SPM biosynthesis during efferocytosis. Assessment of macrophage LM profiles in M2 macrophages demonstrated higher SPM levels in this macrophage subset, including maresin 1 (MaR1), and lower amounts of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandins than in M1. Apoptotic PMN uptake by both macrophage subtypes led to modulation of their LM profiles. LTB4 was downregulated in M2, whereas SPMs including lipoxin A4 were increased. Conversely, uptake of apoptotic PMNs by M2 macrophages reduced (∼25%) overall LMs. MaR1 displays potent tissue-regenerative and antinociceptive actions in addition to its proresolving and anti-inflammatory actions. In addition, the MaR1 biosynthetic intermediate 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin is also bioactive, inhibiting LTB4 biosynthesis and switching macrophage phenotypes from M1 to M2. Together, these results establish LM signature profiles of human phagocytes and related subpopulations. They demonstrate microparticle regulation of macrophage-specific endogenous LMs during defined stages of acute inflammation and their dynamic changes in human primary phagocytes.
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86
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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87
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Bronchoprotective mechanisms for specialized pro-resolving mediators in the resolution of lung inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:44-56. [PMID: 28455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchi are exposed daily to irritants, microbes and allergens as well as extremes of temperature and acid. The airway mucosal epithelium plays a pivotal role as a sentinel, releasing alarmins when danger is encountered. To maintain homeostasis, an elaborate counter-regulatory network of signals and cellular effector mechanisms are needed. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are chemical mediators that enact resolution programs in response to injury, infection or allergy. SPMs are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with potent cell-type specific immunoresolvent properties. SPMs signal by engaging cell-based receptors to turn off acute inflammatory responses and restore tissue homeostasis. Several common lung diseases involving the airways, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are characterized by unresolved bronchial inflammation. In preclinical murine models of lung disease, SPMs carry potent bronchoprotective actions. Here, we review cellular and molecular effects for SPM-initiated catabasis in the lung and their human translation.
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88
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Brennan EP, Cacace A, Godson C. Specialized pro-resolving mediators in renal fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:102-113. [PMID: 28479307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and its timely resolution play a critical role in effective host defence and wound healing. Unresolved inflammatory responses underlie the pathology of many prevalent diseases resulting in tissue fibrosis and eventual organ failure as typified by kidney, lung and liver fibrosis. The role of autocrine and paracrine mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotrienes in initiating and sustaining inflammation is well established. More recently a physiological role for specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators [SPMs] in modulating inflammatory responses and promoting the resolution of inflammation has been appreciated. As will be discussed in this review, SPMs not only attenuate the development of fibrosis through promoting the resolution of inflammation but may also directly suppress fibrotic responses. These findings suggest novel therapeutic paradigms to treat intractable life-limiting diseases such as renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Antonino Cacace
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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89
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Sansbury BE, Spite M. Resolution of Acute Inflammation and the Role of Resolvins in Immunity, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Circ Res 2017; 119:113-30. [PMID: 27340271 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a host-protective response that is mounted in response to tissue injury and infection. Initiated and perpetuated by exogenous and endogenous mediators, acute inflammation must be resolved for tissue repair to proceed and for homeostasis to be restored. Resolution of inflammation is an actively regulated process governed by an array of mediators as diverse as those that initiate inflammation. Among these, resolvins have emerged as a genus of evolutionarily conserved proresolving mediators that act on specific cellular receptors to regulate leukocyte trafficking and blunt production of inflammatory mediators, while also promoting clearance of dead cells and tissue repair. Given that chronic unresolved inflammation is emerging as a central causative factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, an understanding of the endogenous processes that govern normal resolution of acute inflammation is critical for determining why sterile maladaptive cardiovascular inflammation perpetuates. Here, we provide an overview of the process of resolution with a focus on the enzymatic biosynthesis and receptor-dependent actions of resolvins and related proresolving mediators in immunity, thrombosis, and vascular biology. We discuss how nutritional and current therapeutic approaches modulate resolution and propose that harnessing resolution concepts could potentially lead to the development of new approaches for treating chronic cardiovascular inflammation in a manner that is not host disruptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Sansbury
- From the Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Spite
- From the Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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90
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Gobbetti T, Dalli J, Colas RA, Federici Canova D, Aursnes M, Bonnet D, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C, Hansen TV, Serhan CN, Perretti M. Protectin D1 n-3 DPA and resolvin D5 n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3963-3968. [PMID: 28356517 PMCID: PMC5393238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1n-3 DPA or resolvin (Rv)D5n-3 DPA protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1n-3 DPA and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil-endothelial interactions under flow: PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α-activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Romain A Colas
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Donata Federici Canova
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Aursnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1220, INSERM, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Unit 1416, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 31300 Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Trond V Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom;
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91
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Serhan CN. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms. FASEB J 2017; 31:1273-1288. [PMID: 28087575 PMCID: PMC5349794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners of ancient societies from the time of Hippocrates and earlier recognized and treated the signs of inflammation, heat, redness, swelling, and pain with agents that block or inhibit proinflammatory chemical mediators. More selective drugs are available today, but this therapeutic concept has not changed. Because the acute inflammatory response is host protective to contain foreign invaders, much of today's pharmacopeia can cause serious unwanted side effects, such as immune suppression. Uncontrolled inflammation is now considered pathophysiologic and is associated with many widely occurring diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, and asthma, as well as classic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis and periodontal diseases). The inflammatory response, when self-limited, produces a superfamily of chemical mediators that stimulate resolution of the response. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), identified in recent years, are endogenous mediators that include the n-3-derived families resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as arachidonic acid-derived (n-6) lipoxins, which promote resolution of inflammation, clearance of microbes, reduction of pain, and promotion of tissue regeneration via novel mechanisms. Aspirin and statins have a positive impact on these resolution pathways, producing epimeric forms of specific SPMs, whereas other drugs can disrupt timely resolution. In this article, evidence from recent human and preclinical animal studies is reviewed, indicating that SPMs are physiologic mediators and pharmacologic agonists that stimulate resolution of inflammation and infection. The findings suggest that it is time to challenge current treatment practices-namely, using inhibitors and antagonists alone-and to develop immunoresolvents as agonists to test resolution pharmacology and their role in catabasis for their therapeutic potential.-Serhan, C. N. Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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92
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Norling LV, Ly L, Dalli J. Resolving inflammation by using nutrition therapy: roles for specialized proresolving mediators. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:145-152. [PMID: 28002074 PMCID: PMC5884427 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is a unifying component of many of the diseases that afflict Western civilizations. Nutrition therapy and, in particular, essential fatty acid supplementation is one of the approaches that is currently in use for the treatment and management of many inflammatory conditions. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the recent literature in light of the discovery that essential fatty acids are converted by the body to a novel genus of lipid mediators, termed specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). RECENT FINDINGS The SPM genus is composed of four mediator families - the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These molecules potently and stereoselectively promote the termination of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Recent studies indicate that in disease, SPM production becomes dysregulated giving rise to a status of failed resolution. Of note, several studies found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, at doses within the recommended daily allowance, led to increases in several SPM families that correlate with enhanced white blood cell responses in humans and reduced inflammation in mice. SUMMARY Given the potent biological actions of SPM in organ protection and promoting bacterial clearance, nutritional therapies enriched in omega-3 fatty acids hold promise as a potential co-therapy approach when coupled with functional lipid mediator profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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93
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake of Pregnant Women and Women of Childbearing Age in the United States: Potential for Deficiency? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030197. [PMID: 28245632 PMCID: PMC5372860 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play critical roles during fetal growth and development with increased intakes associated with improved maternal-fetal outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid intake in Western diets is low, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on omega-3 fatty acid intake in pregnant women and women of childbearing age has not been reported. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003–2012 to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Out of 7266 eligible participants, 6478 were women of childbearing age, while 788 were identified as pregnant at the time of the survey. Mean EPA+DHA intake of the population was 89.0 mg with no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. By univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for confounders, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly associated with poverty-to-income ratio, race, and educational attainment. Our results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acid intake is a concern in pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the United States, and that socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are more susceptible to potential deficiencies. Strategies to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake in these populations could have the potential to improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
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94
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English JT, Norris PC, Hodges RR, Dartt DA, Serhan CN. Identification and Profiling of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Human Tears by Lipid Mediator Metabolomics. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 117:17-27. [PMID: 28237084 PMCID: PMC5329889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), e.g. Resolvin D1, Protectin D1, Lipoxin A₄, and Resolvin E1 have each shown to be active in ocular models reducing inflammation. In general, SPMs have specific agonist functions that stimulate resolution of infection and inflammation in animal disease models. The presence and quantity of SPM in human emotional tears is of interest. Here, utilizing a targeted LC-MS-MS metabololipidomics based approach we document the identification of pro-inflammatory (Prostaglandins and Leukotriene B₄) and pro-resolving lipid mediators (D-series Resolvins, Protectin D1, and Lipoxin A₄) in human emotional tears from 12 healthy individuals. SPMs from the Maresin family (Maresin 1 and Maresin 2) were not present in these samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed gender differences in the production of specific mediators within these tear samples as the SPMs were essentially absent in these female donors. These results indicate that specific SPM signatures are present in human emotional tears at concentrations known to be bioactive. Moreover, they will help to further appreciate the mechanisms of production and action of SPMs in the eye, as well as their physiologic roles in human ocular disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T English
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
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95
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Kuda O. Bioactive metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid. Biochimie 2017; 136:12-20. [PMID: 28087294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid that is recognized as a beneficial dietary constituent and as a source of the anti-inflammatory specialized proresolving mediators (SPM): resolvins, protectins and maresins. Apart from SPMs, other metabolites of DHA also exert potent biological effects. This article summarizes current knowledge on the metabolic pathways involved in generation of DHA metabolites. Over 70 biologically active metabolites have been described, but are often discussed separately within specific research areas. This review follows DHA metabolism and attempts to integrate the diverse DHA metabolites emphasizing those with identified biological effects. DHA metabolites could be divided into DHA-derived SPMs, DHA epoxides, electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) of DHA, neuroprostanes, ethanolamines, acylglycerols, docosahexaenoyl amides of amino acids or neurotransmitters, and branched DHA esters of hydroxy fatty acids. These bioactive metabolites have pleiotropic effects that include augmenting energy expenditure, stimulating lipid catabolism, modulating the immune response, helping to resolve inflammation, and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. As a result they have been shown to exert many beneficial actions: neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperalgesia, anti-arrhythmia, anti-tumorigenesis etc. Given the chemical structure of DHA, the number and geometry of double bonds, and the panel of enzymes metabolizing DHA, it is also likely that novel bioactive derivatives will be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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96
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Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed major advancements in the clinical management of inflammatory arthritis, with new treatment strategies in some cases providing a marked improvement in patient outcomes. However, it is widely accepted that current strategies do not provide the 'total therapeutic solution', in view of the proportion of patients who do not respond to therapy, the important incidence of adverse effects and the development of an immune response against antibodies or fusion proteins used therapeutically. Moreover, although some therapeutic approaches can effectively bring about an end to inflammation, mechanisms to promote the recovery and/or repair of damage are required. Harnessing the concepts and mechanisms of the resolution of inflammation is a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory pathologies; this approach could help address the unmet need for new therapeutic approaches that not only control but also revert the course of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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97
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98
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Chiang N, de la Rosa X, Libreros S, Serhan CN. Novel Resolvin D2 Receptor Axis in Infectious Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:842-851. [PMID: 27994074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process governed by specialized proresolving mediators, including resolvin (Rv)D2, that activates a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor, GPR18/DRV2. In this study, we investigated RvD2-DRV2-dependent resolution mechanisms using DRV2-deficient mice (DRV2-knockout [KO]). In polymicrobial sepsis initiated by cecal ligation and puncture, RvD2 (∼2.7 nmol/mouse) significantly increased survival (>50%) of wild-type mice and reduced hypothermia and bacterial titers compared with vehicle-treated cecal ligation and puncture mice that succumbed at 48 h. Protection by RvD2 was abolished in DRV2-KO mice. Mass spectrometry-based lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that DRV2-KO infectious exudates gave higher proinflammatory leukotriene B4 and procoagulating thromboxane B2, as well as lower specialized proresolving mediators, including RvD1 and RvD3, compared with wild-type. RvD2-DRV2-initiated intracellular signals were investigated using mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight), which demonstrated that RvD2 enhanced phosphorylation of CREB, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in WT but not DRV2-KO macrophages. Monitored by real-time imaging, RvD2-DRV2 interaction significantly enhanced phagocytosis of live Escherichia coli, an action dependent on protein kinase A and STAT3 in macrophages. Taken together, we identified an RvD2/DRV2 axis that activates intracellular signaling pathways that increase phagocytosis-mediated bacterial clearance, survival, and organ protection. Moreover, these results provide evidence for RvD2-DRV2 and their downstream pathways in pathophysiology of infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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99
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Henrick BM, Yao XD, Taha AY, German JB, Rosenthal KL. Insights into Soluble Toll-Like Receptor 2 as a Downregulator of Virally Induced Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:291. [PMID: 27531999 PMCID: PMC4969314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to distinguish pathogens from self-antigens is one of the most important functions of the immune system. However, this simple self versus non-self assignment belies the complexity of the immune response to threats. Immune responses vary widely and appropriately according to a spectrum of threats and only recently have the mechanisms for controlling this highly textured process emerged. A primary mechanism by which this controlled decision-making process is achieved is via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and the subsequent activation of the immune response coincident with the presence of pathogenic organisms or antigens, including lipid mediators. While immune activation is important, the appropriate regulation of such responses is also critical. Recent findings indicate a parallel pathway by which responses to both viral and bacterial infections is controlled via the secretion of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2). sTLR2 is able to bind a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). sTLR2 has been detected in many bodily fluids and is thus ubiquitous in sites of pathogen appearance. Interestingly, growing evidence suggests that sTLR2 functions to sequester PAMPs and DAMPs to avoid immune activation via detection of cellular-expressed TLRs. This immune regulatory function would serve to reduce the expression of the molecules required for cellular entry, and the recruitment of target cells following infection with bacteria and viruses. This review provides an overview of sTLR2 and the research regarding the mechanisms of its immune regulatory properties. Furthermore, the role of this molecule in regulating immune activation in the context of HIV infection via sTLR2 in breast milk provides actionable insights into therapeutic targets across a variety of infectious and inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M. Henrick
- Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Dan Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Lee Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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100
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Cabinian A, Sinsimer D, Tang M, Zumba O, Mehta H, Toma A, Sant’Angelo D, Laouar Y, Laouar A. Transfer of Maternal Immune Cells by Breastfeeding: Maternal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Present in Breast Milk Localize in the Peyer's Patches of the Nursed Infant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156762. [PMID: 27285085 PMCID: PMC4902239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our knowledge of the protective role of antibodies passed to infants through breast milk, our understanding of immunity transfer via maternal leukocytes is still limited. To emulate the immunological interface between the mother and her infant while breast-feeding, we used murine pups fostered after birth onto MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched dams. Overall, data revealed that: 1) Survival of breast milk leukocytes in suckling infants is possible, but not significant after the foster-nursing ceases; 2) Most breast milk lymphocytes establish themselves in specific areas of the intestine termed Peyer’s patches (PPs); 3) While most leukocytes in the milk bolus were myeloid cells, the majority of breast milk leukocytes localized to PPs were T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in particular; 4) These CTLs exhibit high levels of the gut-homing molecules α4β7 and CCR9, but a reduced expression of the systemic homing marker CD62L; 5) Under the same activation conditions, transferred CD8 T cells through breast milk have a superior capacity to produce potent cytolytic and inflammatory mediators when compared to those generated by the breastfed infant. It is therefore possible that maternal CTLs found in breast milk are directed to the PPs to compensate for the immature adaptive immune system of the infant in order to protect it against constant oral infectious risks during the postnatal phase.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Animals, Suckling
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Female
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/immunology
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Lactation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Milk/cytology
- Milk/immunology
- Mothers
- Peyer's Patches/cytology
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cabinian
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sinsimer
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - May Tang
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Zumba
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hetali Mehta
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Annmarie Toma
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Derek Sant’Angelo
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yasmina Laouar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (YL)
| | - Amale Laouar
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (YL)
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