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Brandi ML, Agarwal SK, Perrier ND, Lines KE, Valk GD, Thakker RV. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Latest Insights. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:133-170. [PMID: 33249439 PMCID: PMC7958143 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a rare tumor syndrome that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, is continuing to raise great interest for endocrinology, gastroenterology, surgery, radiology, genetics, and molecular biology specialists. There have been 2 major clinical practice guidance papers published in the past 2 decades, with the most recent published 8 years ago. Since then, several new insights on the basic biology and clinical features of MEN1 have appeared in the literature, and those data are discussed in this review. The genetic and molecular interactions of the MEN1-encoded protein menin with transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins in cell signaling pathways mediated by transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein, a few nuclear receptors, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog, and preclinical studies in mouse models have facilitated the understanding of the pathogenesis of MEN1-associated tumors and potential pharmacological interventions. The advancements in genetic diagnosis have offered a chance to recognize MEN1-related conditions in germline MEN1 mutation-negative patients. There is rapidly accumulating knowledge about clinical presentation in children, adolescents, and pregnancy that is translatable into the management of these very fragile patients. The discoveries about the genetic and molecular signatures of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors support the development of clinical trials with novel targeted therapies, along with advancements in diagnostic tools and surgical approaches. Finally, quality of life studies in patients affected by MEN1 and related conditions represent an effort necessary to develop a pharmacoeconomic interpretation of the problem. Because advances are being made both broadly and in focused areas, this timely review presents and discusses those studies collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy D Perrier
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gerlof D Valk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Tadros S, Kondrashov A, Namagiri S, Chowdhury A, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Ray-Chaudhury A. Pathological Features of Tumors of the Nervous System in Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Syndromes: A Review. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:343-363. [PMID: 33693933 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes (HCS) become more recognizable as the knowledge about them expands, and genetic testing becomes more affordable. In this review, we discussed the known HCS that predispose to central and peripheral nervous system tumors. Different genetic phenomena were highlighted, and the important cellular biological alterations were summarized. Genetic mosaicism and germline mutations are features of HCS, and recently, they were described in normal population and as modifiers for the genetic landscape of sporadic tumors. Description of the tumors arising in these conditions was augmented by representative cases explaining the main pathological findings. Clinical spectrum of the syndromes and diagnostic criteria were tabled to outline their role in defining these disorders. Interestingly, precision medicine has found its way to help these groups of patients by offering targeted preventive measures. Understanding the signaling pathway alteration of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in tuberous sclerosis helped introducing mTOR inhibitors as a prophylactic treatment in these patients. More research to define the germline genetic alterations and resulting cellular signaling perturbations is needed for effective risk-reducing interventions beyond prophylactic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Tadros
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksei Kondrashov
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sriya Namagiri
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashis Chowdhury
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Unlike Its Paralog LEDGF/p75, HRP-2 Is Dispensable for MLL-R Leukemogenesis but Important for Leukemic Cell Survival. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010192. [PMID: 33477970 PMCID: PMC7835958 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HDGF-related protein 2 (HRP-2) is a member of the Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor-related protein family that harbors the structured PWWP and Integrase Binding Domain, known to associate with methylated histone tails or cellular and viral proteins, respectively. Interestingly, HRP-2 is a paralog of Lens Epithelium Derived Growth Factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), which is essential for MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia but dispensable for hematopoiesis. Sequel to these findings, we investigated the role of HRP-2 in hematopoiesis and MLL-r leukemia. Protein interactions were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and validated using recombinant proteins in NMR. A systemic knockout mouse model was used to study normal hematopoiesis and MLL-ENL transformation upon the different HRP-2 genotypes. The role of HRP-2 in MLL-r and other leukemic, human cell lines was evaluated by lentiviral-mediated miRNA targeting HRP-2. We demonstrate that MLL and HRP-2 interact through a conserved interface, although this interaction proved less dependent on menin than the MLL-LEDGF/p75 interaction. The systemic HRP-2 knockout mice only revealed an increase in neutrophils in the peripheral blood, whereas the depletion of HRP-2 in leukemic cell lines and transformed primary murine cells resulted in reduced colony formation independently of MLL-rearrangements. In contrast, primary murine HRP-2 knockout cells were efficiently transformed by the MLL-ENL fusion, indicating that HRP-2, unlike LEDGF/p75, is dispensable for the transformation of MLL-ENL leukemogenesis but important for leukemic cell survival.
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Aberrant Activity of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) Complexes in Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249340. [PMID: 33302406 PMCID: PMC7762615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KMT2 (histone-lysine N-methyltransferase subclass 2) complexes methylate lysine 4 on the histone H3 tail at gene promoters and gene enhancers and, thus, control the process of gene transcription. These complexes not only play an essential role in normal development but have also been described as involved in the aberrant growth of tissues. KMT2 mutations resulting from the rearrangements of the KMT2A (MLL1) gene at 11q23 are associated with pediatric mixed-lineage leukemias, and recent studies demonstrate that KMT2 genes are frequently mutated in many types of human cancers. Moreover, other components of the KMT2 complexes have been reported to contribute to oncogenesis. This review summarizes the recent advances in our knowledge of the role of KMT2 complexes in cell transformation. In addition, it discusses the therapeutic targeting of different components of the KMT2 complexes.
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Molecular Mechanism of LEDGF/p75 Dimerization. Structure 2020; 28:1288-1299.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Involvement of the MEN1 Gene in Hormone-Related Cancers: Clues from Molecular Studies, Mouse Models, and Patient Investigations. ENDOCRINES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MEN1 mutation predisposes patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a genetic syndrome associated with the predominant co-occurrence of endocrine tumors. Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that MEN1 could also be involved in the development of breast and prostate cancers, two major hormone-related cancers. The first clues as to its possible role arose from the identification of the physical and functional interactions between the menin protein, encoded by MEN1, and estrogen receptor α and androgen receptor. In parallel, our team observed that aged heterozygous Men1 mutant mice developed cancerous lesions in mammary glands of female and in the prostate of male mutant mice at low frequencies, in addition to endocrine tumors. Finally, observations made both in MEN1 patients and in sporadic breast and prostate cancers further confirmed the role played by menin in these two cancers. In this review, we present the currently available data concerning the complex and multifaceted involvement of MEN1 in these two types of hormone-dependent cancers.
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Chou CW, Tan X, Hung CN, Lieberman B, Chen M, Kusi M, Mitsuya K, Lin CL, Morita M, Liu Z, Chen CL, Huang THM. Menin and Menin-Associated Proteins Coregulate Cancer Energy Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2715. [PMID: 32971831 PMCID: PMC7564175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is central to maintain energy homeostasis. It remains to be determined whether there is a mechanism governing metabolic fluxes based on substrate availability in microenvironments. Here we show that menin is a key transcription factor regulating the expression of OXPHOS and glycolytic genes in cancer cells and primary tumors with poor prognosis. A group of menin-associated proteins (MAPs), including KMT2A, MED12, WAPL, and GATA3, is found to restrain menin's full function in this transcription regulation. shRNA knockdowns of menin and MAPs result in reduced ATP production with proportional alterations of cellular energy generated through glycolysis and OXPHOS. When shRNA knockdown cells are exposed to metabolic stress, the dual functionality can clearly be distinguished among these metabolic regulators. A MAP can negatively counteract the regulatory mode of menin for OXPHOS while the same protein positively influences glycolysis. A close-proximity interaction between menin and MAPs allows transcriptional regulation for metabolic adjustment. This coordinate regulation by menin and MAPs is necessary for cells to rapidly adapt to fluctuating microenvironments and to maintain essential metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Brandon Lieberman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Meena Kusi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kohzoh Mitsuya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.-W.C.); (X.T.); (C.-N.H.); (B.L.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (K.M.); (C.-L.L.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
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Nelakurti DD, Pappula AL, Rajasekaran S, Miles WO, Petreaca RC. Comprehensive Analysis of MEN1 Mutations and Their Role in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092616. [PMID: 32937789 PMCID: PMC7565326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers are characterized by accumulation of genetic mutations in key cell cycle regulators that alter or disable the function of these genes. Such mutations can be inherited or arise spontaneously during the life of the individual. The MEN1 gene prevents uncontrolled cell division and it is considered a tumor suppressor. Inherited MEN1 mutations are associated with certain parathyroid and pancreatic syndromes while spontaneous mutations have been detected in cancer cells. We investigated whether inherited mutations appear in cancer cells which would suggest that patients with parathyroid and pancreatic syndromes have a predisposition to develop cancer. We find a weak correlation between the spectrum of inherited mutations and those appearing spontaneously. Thus, inherited MEN1 mutations may not be a good predictor of tumorigenesis. Abstract MENIN is a scaffold protein encoded by the MEN1 gene that functions in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and DNA damage repair. MEN1 is a tumor suppressor gene, and mutations that disrupts MEN1 function are common to many tumor types. Mutations within MEN1 may also be inherited (germline). Many of these inherited mutations are associated with a number of pathogenic syndromes of the parathyroid and pancreas, and some also predispose patients to hyperplasia. In this study, we cataloged the reported germline mutations from the ClinVar database and compared them with the somatic mutations detected in cancers from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. We then used statistical software to determine the probability of mutations being pathogenic or driver. Our data show that many confirmed germline mutations do not appear in tumor samples. Thus, most mutations that disable MEN1 function in tumors are somatic in nature. Furthermore, of the germline mutations that do appear in tumors, only a fraction has the potential to be pathogenic or driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi D. Nelakurti
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, The Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Amrit L. Pappula
- Computer Science and Engineering Undergraduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Wayne O. Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Ruben C. Petreaca
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Marion, OH 43302, USA
- Correspondence:
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Hussain S, Khan AW, Akhmedov A, Suades R, Costantino S, Paneni F, Caidahl K, Mohammed SA, Hage C, Gkolfos C, Björck H, Pernow J, Lund LH, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F. Hyperglycemia Induces Myocardial Dysfunction via Epigenetic Regulation of JunD. Circ Res 2020; 127:1261-1273. [PMID: 32815777 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperglycemia -induced reactive oxygen species are key mediators of cardiac dysfunction. JunD (Jund proto-oncogene subunit), a member of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family of transcription factors, is emerging as a major gatekeeper against oxidative stress. However, its contribution to redox state and inflammation in the diabetic heart remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the role of JunD in hyperglycemia-induced and reactive oxygen species-driven myocardial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS JunD mRNA and protein expression were reduced in the myocardium of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus as compared to controls. JunD downregulation was associated with oxidative stress and left ventricular dysfunction assessed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy as well as conventional and 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Furthermore, myocardial expression of free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase 1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 was reduced, whereas the NOX2 (NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase] oxidase subunit 2) and NOX4 (NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase] oxidase subunit 4) were upregulated. The redox changes were associated with increased NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) binding activity and expression of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of JunD via the α MHC (α- myosin heavy chain) promoter (α MHC JunDtg) were protected against hyperglycemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. We also showed that JunD was epigenetically regulated by promoter hypermethylation, post-translational modification of histone marks, and translational repression by miRNA (microRNA)-673/menin. Reduced JunD mRNA and protein expression were confirmed in left ventricular specimens obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that a complex epigenetic machinery involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs mediates hyperglycemia-induced JunD downregulation and myocardial dysfunction in experimental and human diabetes mellitus. Our results pave the way for tissue-specific therapeutic modulation of JunD to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaat Hussain
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.A., S.C., F.P., S.A.M., T.F.L.)
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.A., S.C., F.P., S.A.M., T.F.L.)
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.A., S.C., F.P., S.A.M., T.F.L.).,University Heart Center and Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland (F.P.)
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (K.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.A., S.C., F.P., S.A.M., T.F.L.)
| | - Camilla Hage
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Christos Gkolfos
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Hanna Björck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Lars H Lund
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.A., S.C., F.P., S.A.M., T.F.L.)
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., A.W.K., R.S., C.H., C.G., J.P., L.H.L., F.C.)
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Gorbacheva AM, Eremkina AK, Mokrysheva NG. [Hereditary syndromal and nonsyndromal forms of primary hyperparathyroidism]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:23-34. [PMID: 33351310 DOI: 10.14341/probl10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder of mineral homeostasis, characterized by overproduction of parathyroid hormone and upper normal or elevated calcium levels due to hyperplasia or a tumor of parathyroid gland. 90−95% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are sporadic, while hereditary genetic forms occur in 5–10% of all cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism as the component of hereditary syndromes can present in various clinical forms (asymptomatic, symptomatic), can be associated with other endocrine or non-endocrine diseases, and require special approaches to treatment. Given that primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common components of these syndromes, it can be used as an important diagnostic tool in identifying affected families. This review is devoted to modern ideas about the clinical course and genetic characteristics of hereditary variants of primary hyperparathyroidism and the diagnostic and treatment algorithms recommended today. The review considers primary hyperparathyroidism as a component of hereditary syndromes including multiple endocrine neoplasias types 1, 2A and 4 and syndrome of hyperparathyroidism with a jaw tumor. Also non-syndromic hereditary forms are descripted, such as familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and severe neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Antunes ETB, Ottersbach K. The MLL/SET family and haematopoiesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194579. [PMID: 32389825 PMCID: PMC7294230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As demonstrated through early work in Drosophila, members of the MLL/SET family play essential roles during embryonic development through their participation in large protein complexes that are central to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. One of its members, MLL1, has additionally received a lot of attention as it is a potent oncogenic driver in different types of leukaemia when aberrantly fused to a large variety of partners as a result of chromosomal translocations. Its exclusive association with cancers of the haematopoietic system has prompted a large number of investigations into the role of MLL/SET proteins in haematopoiesis, a summary of which was attempted in this review. Interestingly, MLL-rearranged leukaemias are particularly prominent in infant and paediatric leukaemia, which commonly initiate in utero. This, together with the known function of MLL/SET proteins in embryonic development, has focussed research efforts in recent years on understanding the role of this protein family in developmental haematopoiesis and how this may be subverted by MLL oncofusions in infant leukaemia. A detailed understanding of these prenatal events is essential for the development of new treatments that improve the survival specifically of this very young patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T B Antunes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Park K, Kim JA, Kim J. Transcriptional regulation by the KMT2 histone H3K4 methyltransferases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Brancaccio D, Di Maro S, Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Fragai M, Luchinat C, Tomassi S, Limatola A, Russomanno P, Merlino F, Novellino E, Carotenuto A. HOPPI-NMR: Hot-Peptide-Based Screening Assay for Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions by NMR. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1047-1053. [PMID: 32435424 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) contribute to the onset and/or progression of several diseases, especially cancer, and this discovery has paved the way for considering disruption of the PPIs as an attractive anti-tumor strategy. In this regard, simple and efficient biophysical methods for detecting the interaction of the inhibitors with the protein counterpart are still in high demand. Herein, we describe a convenient NMR method for the screening of putative PPI inhibitors based on the use of "hot peptides" (HOPPI-NMR). As a case study, HOPPI-NMR was successful applied to the well-known p53/MDM2 system. Our outcomes highlight the main advantages of the method, including the use of a small amount of unlabeled proteins, the minimization of the risk of protein aggregation, and the ability to identify weak binders. The last leaves open the possibility for application of HOPPI-NMR in tandem with fragment-based drug discovery as a valid strategy for the identification of novel chemotypes acting as PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- DISTABIF, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Fragai
- CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limatola
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5430, United States
| | - Pasquale Russomanno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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64
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Gao R, Bao J, Yan H, Xie L, Qin W, Ning H, Huang S, Cheng J, Zhi R, Li Z, Tucker B, Chen Y, Zhang K, Wu X, Liu Z, Gao X, Hu D. Competition between PAF1 and MLL1/COMPASS confers the opposing function of LEDGF/p75 in HIV latency and proviral reactivation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8411. [PMID: 32426500 PMCID: PMC7220354 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional status determines the HIV replicative state in infected patients. However, the transcriptional mechanisms for proviral replication control remain unclear. In this study, we show that, apart from its function in HIV integration, LEDGF/p75 differentially regulates HIV transcription in latency and proviral reactivation. During latency, LEDGF/p75 suppresses proviral transcription via promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) by recruiting PAF1 complex to the provirus. Following latency reversal, MLL1 complex competitively displaces PAF1 from the provirus through casein kinase II (CKII)-dependent association with LEDGF/p75. Depleting or pharmacologically inhibiting CKII prevents PAF1 dissociation and abrogates the recruitment of both MLL1 and Super Elongation Complex (SEC) to the provirus, thereby impairing transcriptional reactivation for latency reversal. These findings, therefore, provide a mechanistic understanding of how LEDGF/p75 coordinates its distinct regulatory functions at different stages of the post-integrated HIV life cycles. Targeting these mechanisms may have a therapeutic potential to eradicate HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiaqian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Han Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Liya Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wanchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hanhan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Renyong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zexing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bronwyn Tucker
- School of Medical English and Health Communication, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Corresponding author. (D.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Deqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
- Corresponding author. (D.H.); (X.G.)
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Takahashi S, Yokoyama A. The molecular functions of common and atypical MLL fusion protein complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194548. [PMID: 32320750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fuses with a variety of partners to produce a functionally altered MLL complex that is not expressed in normal cells, which transforms normal hematopoietic progenitors into leukemia cells. Because more than 80 fusion partners have been identified to date, the molecular functions of MLL fusion protein complexes appear diverse. However, over the past decade, the common functions utilized for leukemic transformation have begun to be elucidated. It appears that most (if not all) MLL fusion protein complexes utilize the AF4/ENL/P-TEFb and DOT1L complexes to some extent. Based on an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, several molecular targeting drugs are being developed, opening paths to novel therapies. Here, we review the recent progress made in identifying the molecular functions of various MLL fusions and categorize the numerous fusion partners into several functionally-distinct groups to help discern commonalities and differences among various MLL fusion protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takahashi
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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66
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Men1 maintains exocrine pancreas homeostasis in response to inflammation and oncogenic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6622-6629. [PMID: 32156729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920017117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic diseases, including pancreatitis and cancer, is essential to improve clinical management. MEN1 has established roles in epigenetic regulation and tumor suppression in the endocrine pancreas; however, intriguing recent data suggest MEN1 may also function in the exocrine pancreas. Using physiologically relevant genetic mouse models, we provide direct evidence that Men1 is essential for exocrine pancreas homeostasis in response to inflammation and oncogenic stress. Men1 loss causes increased injury and impaired regeneration following acute caerulein-induced pancreatitis, leading to more severe damage, loss of the normal acinar compartment, and increased cytokeratin 19-positive metaplasias and immune cell infiltration. We further demonstrate the Men1 protein is stabilized in response to insult, and loss of Men1 is associated with the overexpression of proinflammatory Jund target genes, suggesting that loss of Men1-mediated repression of Jund activity is, at least in part, responsible for the impaired response. Finally, we demonstrate that Men1 loss significantly accelerates mutant Kras-dependent oncogenesis. Combined, this work establishes Men1 as an important mediator of pancreas homeostasis in vivo.
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Zhu Q, Fang L, Heuberger J, Kranz A, Schipper J, Scheckenbach K, Vidal RO, Sunaga-Franze DY, Müller M, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Sauer S, Birchmeier W. The Wnt-Driven Mll1 Epigenome Regulates Salivary Gland and Head and Neck Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 26:415-428.e5. [PMID: 30625324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a regulatory system that acts downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in salivary gland and head and neck carcinomas. We show in a mouse tumor model of K14-Cre-induced Wnt/β-catenin gain-of-function and Bmpr1a loss-of-function mutations that tumor-propagating cells exhibit increased Mll1 activity and genome-wide increased H3K4 tri-methylation at promoters. Null mutations of Mll1 in tumor mice and in xenotransplanted human head and neck tumors resulted in loss of self-renewal of tumor-propagating cells and in block of tumor formation but did not alter normal tissue homeostasis. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and pharmacological interference of Mll1 at sequences that inhibit essential protein-protein interactions or the SET enzyme active site also blocked the self-renewal of mouse and human tumor-propagating cells. Our work provides strong genetic evidence for a crucial role of Mll1 in solid tumors. Moreover, inhibitors targeting specific Mll1 interactions might offer additional directions for therapies to treat these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Zhu
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Fang
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China; Medi-X Institute, SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Julian Heuberger
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Biotechnology Center, Technical University, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Schipper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ramon Oliveira Vidal
- Systems Biology Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Yumi Sunaga-Franze
- Systems Biology Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Müller
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Sauer
- Systems Biology Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Characterization of the Menin-MLL Interaction as Therapeutic Cancer Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010201. [PMID: 31947537 PMCID: PMC7016952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the interaction of menin with the histone methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A) has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. Beneficial therapeutic effects have been postulated in leukemia, prostate, breast, liver and in synovial sarcoma models. In those indications, MLL1 recruitment by menin was described to critically regulate the expression of disease associated genes. However, most findings so far rely on single study reports. Here we independently evaluated the pathogenic functions of the menin-MLL interaction in a large set of different cancer models with a potent and selective probe inhibitor BAY-155. We characterized the inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction for anti-proliferation, gene transcription effects, and for efficacy in several in vivo xenografted tumor models. We found a specific therapeutic activity of BAY-155 primarily in AML/ALL models. In solid tumors, we observed anti-proliferative effects of BAY-155 in a surprisingly limited fraction of cell line models. These findings were further validated in vivo. Overall, our study using a novel, highly selective and potent inhibitor, shows that the menin-MLL interaction is not essential for the survival of most solid cancer models. We can confirm that disrupting the menin-MLL complex has a selective therapeutic benefit in MLL-fused leukemia. In solid cancers, effects are restricted to single models and more limited than previously claimed.
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69
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Yang Y, Joshi M, Takahashi YH, Ning Z, Qu Q, Brunzelle JS, Skiniotis G, Figeys D, Shilatifard A, Couture JF. A non-canonical monovalent zinc finger stabilizes the integration of Cfp1 into the H3K4 methyltransferase complex COMPASS. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:421-431. [PMID: 31724694 PMCID: PMC7145517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
COMPlex ASsociating with SET1 (COMPASS) is a histone H3 Lys-4 methyltransferase that typically marks the promoter region of actively transcribed genes. COMPASS is a multi-subunit complex in which the catalytic unit, SET1, is required for H3K4 methylation. An important subunit known to regulate SET1 methyltransferase activity is the CxxC zinc finger protein 1 (Cfp1). Cfp1 binds to COMPASS and is critical to maintain high level of H3K4me3 in cells but the mechanisms underlying its stimulatory activity is poorly understood. In this study, we show that Cfp1 only modestly activates COMPASS methyltransferase activity in vitro. Binding of Cfp1 to COMPASS is in part mediated by a new type of monovalent zinc finger (ZnF). This ZnF interacts with the COMPASS's subunits RbBP5 and disruption of this interaction blunts its methyltransferase activity in cells and in vivo. Collectively, our studies reveal that a novel form of ZnF on Cfp1 enables its integration into COMPASS and contributes to epigenetic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidai Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa, Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Monika Joshi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa, Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Yoh-hei Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa, Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Northwestern Synchrotron Research Centers, Life Science Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa, Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jean-François Couture
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Centre on Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , University of Ottawa, Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
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70
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Zhuang K, Huang C, Leng L, Zheng H, Gao Y, Chen G, Ji Z, Sun H, Hu Y, Wu D, Shi M, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xue M, Bu G, Huang TY, Xu H, Zhang J. Neuron-Specific Menin Deletion Leads to Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment by Modulating p35 Expression. Cell Rep 2019; 24:701-712. [PMID: 30021166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin (MEN1) is a critical modulator of tissue development and maintenance. As such, MEN1 mutations are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Although menin is abundantly expressed in the nervous system, little is known with regard to its function in the adult brain. Here, we demonstrate that neuron-specific deletion of Men1 (CcKO) affects dendritic branching and spine formation, resulting in defects in synaptic function, learning, and memory. Furthermore, we find that menin binds to the p35 promoter region to facilitate p35 transcription. As a primary Cdk5 activator, p35 is expressed mainly in neurons and is critical for brain development and synaptic plasticity. Restoration of p35 expression in the hippocampus and cortex of Men1 CcKO mice rescues synaptic and cognitive deficits associated with Men1 deletion. These results reveal a critical role for menin in synaptic and cognitive function by modulating the p35-Cdk5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changquan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lige Leng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guimiao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Di Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yunwu Zhang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maoqiang Xue
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Caswell RC, Owens MM, Gunning AC, Ellard S, Wright CF. Using Structural Analysis In Silico to Assess the Impact of Missense Variants in MEN1. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:2258-2275. [PMID: 31737856 PMCID: PMC6846327 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid expansion in recent years of databases reporting either benign or pathogenic genetic variations, the interpretation of novel missense variants remains challenging, particularly for clinical or genetic testing laboratories where functional analysis is often unfeasible. Previous studies have shown that thermodynamic analysis of protein structure in silico can discriminate between groups of benign and pathogenic missense variants. However, although structures exist for many human disease‒associated proteins, such analysis remains largely unexploited in clinical laboratories. Here, we analyzed the predicted effect of 338 known missense variants on the structure of menin, the MEN1 gene product. Results provided strong discrimination between pathogenic and benign variants, with a threshold of >4 kcal/mol for the predicted change in stability, providing a strong indicator of pathogenicity. Subsequent analysis of seven novel missense variants identified during clinical testing of patients with MEN1 showed that all seven were predicted to destabilize menin by >4 kcal/mol. We conclude that structural analysis provides a useful tool in understanding the effect of missense variants in MEN1 and that integration of proteomic with genomic data could potentially contribute to the classification of novel variants in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter School of Medicine, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martina M Owens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adam C Gunning
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter School of Medicine, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The epigenetic modifications of histones are versatile marks that are intimately connected to development and disease pathogenesis including human cancers. In this review, we will discuss the many different types of histone modifications and the biological processes with which they are involved. Specifically, we review the enzymatic machineries and modifications that are involved in cancer development and progression, and how to apply currently available small molecule inhibitors for histone modifiers as tool compounds to study the functional significance of histone modifications and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Simpson Querrey 7th Floor 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Simpson Querrey 7th Floor 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Fisher JN, Thanasopoulou A, Juge S, Tzankov A, Bagger FO, Mendez MA, Peters AHFM, Schwaller J. Transforming activities of the NUP98-KMT2A fusion gene associated with myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1857-1867. [PMID: 31558671 PMCID: PMC7327646 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inv(11)(p15q23), found in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, leads to expression of a fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal of nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) and the majority of the lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). To explore the transforming potential of this fusion we established inducible iNUP98-KMT2A transgenic mice. After a median latency of 80 weeks, over 90% of these mice developed signs of disease, with anemia and reduced bone marrow cellularity, increased white blood cell numbers, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and multilineage dysplasia. Additionally, induction of iNUP98-KMT2A led to elevated lineage marker-negative Sca-1+ c-Kit+ cell numbers in the bone marrow, which outcompeted wildtype cells in repopulation assays. Six iNUP98-KMT2A mice developed transplantable acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic blasts infiltrating multiple organs. Notably, as reported for patients, iNUP98-KMT2A leukemic blasts did not express increased levels of the HoxA-B-C gene cluster, and in contrast to KMT2A-AF9 leukemic cells, the cells were resistant to pharmacological targeting of menin and BET family proteins by MI-2-2 or JQ1, respectively. Expression of iNUP98-KMT2A in mouse embryonic fibroblasts led to an accumulation of cells in G1 phase, and abrogated replicative senescence. In bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors, iNUP98-KMT2A expression similarly resulted in increased cell numbers in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, with aberrant gene expression of Sirt1, Tert, Rbl2, Twist1, Vim, and Prkcd, mimicking that seen in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrate that iNUP98-KMT2A has in vivo transforming activity and interferes with cell cycle progression rather than primarily blocking differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Fisher
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Angeliki Thanasopoulou
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Sabine Juge
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | | | - Frederik O Bagger
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Max A Mendez
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Antoine H F M Peters
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
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75
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Ye F, Huang J, Wang H, Luo C, Zhao K. Targeting epigenetic machinery: Emerging novel allosteric inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107406. [PMID: 31521697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics has emerged as an extremely exciting fast-growing area of biomedical research in post genome era. Epigenetic dysfunction is tightly related with various diseases such as cancer and aging related degeneration, potentiating epigenetics modulators as important therapeutics targets. Indeed, inhibitors of histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase have been approved for treating blood tumor malignancies, whereas inhibitors of histone methyltransferase and histone acetyl-lysine recognizer bromodomain are in clinical stage. However, it remains a great challenge to discover potent and selective inhibitors by targeting catalytic site, as the same subfamily of epigenetic enzymes often share high sequence identity and very conserved catalytic core pocket. It is well known that epigenetic modifications are usually carried out by multi-protein complexes, and activation of catalytic subunit is often tightly regulated by other interactive protein component, especially in disease conditions. Therefore, it is not unusual that epigenetic complex machinery may exhibit allosteric regulation site induced by protein-protein interactions. Targeting allosteric site emerges as a compelling alternative strategy to develop epigenetic drugs with enhanced druggability and pharmacological profiles. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of allosteric inhibitors for epigenetic complexes through targeting protein-protein interactions. We also summarized the status of clinical applications of those inhibitors. Finally, we provide perspectives of future novel allosteric epigenetic machinery modulators emerging from otherwise undruggable single protein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jing Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, South Dong Qing Road, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Kehao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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76
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Crump NT, Milne TA. Why are so many MLL lysine methyltransferases required for normal mammalian development? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2885-2898. [PMID: 31098676 PMCID: PMC6647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family of proteins became known initially for the leukemia link of its founding member. Over the decades, the MLL family has been recognized as an important class of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases that control key aspects of normal cell physiology and development. Here, we provide a brief history of the discovery and study of this family of proteins. We address two main questions: why are there so many H3K4 methyltransferases in mammals; and is H3K4 methylation their key function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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77
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Wu Y, Doepner M, Hojnacki T, Feng Z, Katona BW, He X, Ma J, Cao Y, Busino L, Zhou F, Hua X. Disruption of the menin-MLL interaction triggers menin protein degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1682-1694. [PMID: 31497350 PMCID: PMC6726985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Menin, a protein encoded by the MEN1 gene, suppresses cancers associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), but promotes the development of a subset of leukemia induced by mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-derived fusion proteins (MLL-FPs). The crystal structure of menin indicates that it acts as a scaffold protein to bind the N-terminus of MLL via a central pocket. Small molecule menin-MLL inhibitors (MIs) bind the menin pocket to disrupt the menin/MLL interaction, resulting in suppression of MLL-FP-transformed acute myeoloid leukemia (AML). It is thought that MIs suppress the MLL-FP-induced leukemia by blocking the menin/MLL interaction and menin/MLL-induced HOX gene transcription. However, it is not clear whether MIs also affect other aspects of menin biology beyond disruption of the menin/MLL interaction. Here we show for the first time that MIs reduced menin protein levels and decreased the half-life of menin protein but have no effect on mRNA level in MLL-FP-expressing leukemia cells, and proteasome or E1 ligase inhibitor rescued the MI-induced menin degradation. Notably, the MI-induced reduction of H3K4m3 and HOXA9 expression was rescued with a proteasome inhibitor that blocks MI-induced menin protein degradation. Mechanistically, MIs promote the interaction of menin with Hsp70-associated ubiquitin ligase CHIP, resulting in increased menin ubiquitination, leading to increased menin degradation. Together, these findings uncover a novel mechanism whereby small molecule MIs increase menin degradation by triggering the Hsp70/CHIP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that ultimately leads to the reduction in HOXA9 gene expression and leukemia suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430071, China
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Hojnacki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia 19014, PA, USA
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78
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Aguilar A, Zheng K, Xu T, Xu S, Huang L, Fernandez-Salas E, Liu L, Bernard D, Harvey KP, Foster C, McEachern D, Stuckey J, Chinnaswamy K, Delproposto J, Kampf JW, Wang S. Structure-Based Discovery of M-89 as a Highly Potent Inhibitor of the Menin-Mixed Lineage Leukemia (Menin-MLL) Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6015-6034. [PMID: 31244110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein-protein interaction is a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute leukemia carrying MLL fusion (MLL leukemia). We describe herein our structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new class of small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction (hereafter called menin inhibitors). Our efforts have resulted in the discovery of highly potent menin inhibitors, as exemplified by compound 42 (M-89). M-89 binds to menin with a Kd value of 1.4 nM and effectively engages cellular menin protein at low nanomolar concentrations. M-89 inhibits cell growth in the MV4;11 and MOLM-13 leukemia cell lines carrying MLL fusion with IC50 values of 25 and 55 nM, respectively, and demonstrates >100-fold selectivity over the HL-60 leukemia cell line lacking MLL fusion. The determination of a co-crystal structure of M-89 in a complex with menin provides the structural basis for their high-affinity interaction. Further optimization of M-89 may lead to a new class of therapy for the treatment of MLL leukemia.
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79
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TAKAHASHI C, YAZAKI T, SUGIYAMA N, ISHIHAMA Y. Selected Reaction Monitoring of Kinase Activity-Targeted Phosphopeptides. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2019. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2019.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuya YAZAKI
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University
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80
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Target identification reveals lanosterol synthase as a vulnerability in glioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7957-7962. [PMID: 30923116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820989116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) remains an incurable childhood brain tumor for which novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. Previous studies have shown that the menin inhibitor MI-2 exhibits promising activity in preclinical DIPG and adult glioma models, although the mechanism underlying this activity is unknown. Here, using an integrated approach, we show that MI-2 exerts its antitumor activity in glioma largely independent of its ability to target menin. Instead, we demonstrate that MI-2 activity in glioma is mediated by disruption of cholesterol homeostasis, with suppression of cholesterol synthesis and generation of the endogenous liver X receptor ligand, 24,25-epoxycholesterol, resulting in cholesterol depletion and cell death. Notably, this mechanism is responsible for MI-2 activity in both DIPG and adult glioma cells. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses identify lanosterol synthase as the direct molecular target of MI-2, revealing this metabolic enzyme as a vulnerability in glioma and further implicating cholesterol homeostasis as an attractive pathway to target in this malignancy.
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81
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Romanet P, Odou MF, North MO, Saveanu A, Coppin L, Pasmant E, Mohamed A, Goudet P, Borson-Chazot F, Calender A, Béroud C, Lévy N, Giraud S, Barlier A. Proposition of adjustments to the ACMG-AMP framework for the interpretation of MEN1 missense variants. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:661-674. [PMID: 30869828 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the ACMG-AMP guidelines provided a general procedure for the objective and reproducible classification of genomic variants. While the benefits of this framework are of major importance, its adaptation for locus-specific use is needed. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) occurs due to inactivating mutations in the tumour suppressor gene MEN1, including 20% of missense variants. The classification of these variants may be extremely challenging. Here, we compared the interpretation of the 122 MEN1 missense variants, identified in the French population over the past 15 years by the TENGEN network (French oncogenetics network of neuroendocrine tumors) versus by using the ACMG-AMP guidelines, and analyzed the causes of discordance. A total of 59.8% of missense variants were termed as (likely)-pathogenic variants by TENGEN versus only 28.7% using ACMG-AMP guidelines. Actually, 53.4% (39/73) of TENGEN (likely)-pathogenic variants were declassified in variant of uncertain significance (VUS) by using ACMG-AMP guidelines, thereby affecting the clinical management of patients and their families. Twenty of these ACMG-AMP VUS were found in patients with a clinically authentic MEN1 disease. Here, TENGEN proposes adjustments to the ACMG-AMP framework for the interpretation of MEN1 missense variants. These propositions merge both the classification systems, and are particularly interesting, as MEN1 is included in the ACMG secondary findings list for reporting in clinical genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Romanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Odou
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire "Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie", F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Odile North
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Alexandru Saveanu
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Coppin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPARC - Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Amira Mohamed
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Goudet
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Dijon, and INSERM, U866, Epidemiology and Clinical Research in Digestive Oncology Team, and INSERM, CIC1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital of Dijon, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Trials Unit, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Calender
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL), University Hospital, East Pathology Center, B-A3, 59 Bld Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Département de Génétique CHU La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Département de Génétique CHU La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL), University Hospital, East Pathology Center, B-A3, 59 Bld Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
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82
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Katona BW, Glynn RA, Paulosky KE, Feng Z, Davis CI, Ma J, Berry CT, Szigety KM, Matkar S, Liu Y, Wang H, Wu Y, He X, Freedman BD, Brady DC, Hua X. Combined Menin and EGFR Inhibitors Synergize to Suppress Colorectal Cancer via EGFR-Independent and Calcium-Mediated Repression of SKP2 Transcription. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2195-2207. [PMID: 30877106 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Menin is a nuclear epigenetic regulator that can both promote and suppress tumor growth in a highly tissue-specific manner. The role of menin in colorectal cancer, however, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that menin was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that inhibition of menin synergized with small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR (iEGFR) to suppress colorectal cancer cells and tumor xenografts in vivo in an EGFR-independent manner. Mechanistically, menin bound the promoter of SKP2, a pro-oncogenic gene crucial for colorectal cancer growth, and promoted its expression. Moreover, the iEGFR gefitinib activated endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel inositol trisphosphate receptor 3 (IP3R3)-mediated release of calcium, which directly bound menin. Combined inhibition of menin and iEGFR-induced calcium release synergistically suppressed menin-mediated expression of SKP2 and growth of colorectal cancer. Together, these findings uncover a molecular convergence of menin and the iEGFR-induced, IP3R3-mediated calcium release on SKP2 transcription and reveal opportunities to enhance iEGFR efficacy to improve treatments for colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Menin acts as a calcium-responsive regulator of SKP2 expression, and small molecule EGFR inhibitors, which induce calcium release, synergize with Menin inhibition to reduce SKP2 expression and suppress colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A Glynn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kayla E Paulosky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caroline I Davis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine M Szigety
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Smita Matkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Haoren Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce D Freedman
- Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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83
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Romanet P, Mohamed A, Giraud S, Odou MF, North MO, Pertuit M, Pasmant E, Coppin L, Guien C, Calender A, Borson-Chazot F, Béroud C, Goudet P, Barlier A. UMD-MEN1 Database: An Overview of the 370 MEN1 Variants Present in 1676 Patients From the French Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:753-764. [PMID: 30339208 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, of which the most frequent are primary hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to facilitate interpretation of variants and improve the genetic counseling and medical care of families of patients with MEN1. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The TENGEN network (Oncogenetics Network of Neuroendocrine Tumors) has interpreted and collected all allelic variants and clinical characteristics of the MEN1-positive patients identified through genetic testing performed in the French population from 1997 to 2015. Patients and their variants were registered in the locus-specific UMD-MEN1 database (www.umd.be/MEN1/). MAIN OUTCOMES Variant classification, age-related penetrance, and odds ratios. RESULTS A total of 370 distinct variants reported in 1676 patients, including 181 unpublished variants, have been registered. This database analysis revealed a low frequency (6.6%) of benign or likely benign missense variants in MEN1. Eight families (1.9%) had members with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism and harbored the same mutations as that found in families with authentic MEN1. An association existed between large rearrangements and an earlier onset of the disease, whereas no difference was observed between truncating and nontruncating variants. CONCLUSION The UMD-MEN1 database provides an exhaustive overview of the MEN1 variants present in the French population. For each variant, a classification is publicly available. Clinical data collections allow the determination of genotype-phenotype correlation and age-related penetrance of lesions in the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Romanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Amira Mohamed
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital (HCL), East Pathology Center, Lyon, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Odou
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire "Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie", Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile North
- Service de Génétique et Biochimie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Pertuit
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biochimie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Coppin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, - JPARC - Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Céline Guien
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, U 1251 Bioinformatic Team, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Calender
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Hospital (HCL), East Pathology Center, Lyon, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Department of Genetics, Hospital La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Goudet
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Dijon, and INSERM, U866, Dijon, France
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research in Digestive Oncology Team, and INSERM, CIC1432, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital of Dijon, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Trials Unit, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
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Xing B, Ma J, Jiang Z, Feng Z, Ling S, Szigety K, Su W, Zhang L, Jia R, Sun Y, Zhang L, Kong X, Ma X, Hua X. GLP-1 signaling suppresses menin's transcriptional block by phosphorylation in β cells. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:855-870. [PMID: 30792230 PMCID: PMC6400573 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both menin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) pathways play central yet opposing role in regulating β cell function, with menin suppressing, and GLP-1 promoting, β cell function. However, little is known as to whether or how GLP-1 pathway represses menin function. Here, we show that GLP-1 signaling-activated protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates menin at the serine 487 residue, relieving menin-mediated suppression of insulin expression and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Ser487-phosphorylated menin gains increased binding affinity to nuclear actin/myosin IIa proteins and gets sequestrated from the Ins1 promoter. This event leads to reduced binding of repressive epigenetic histone modifiers suppressor variegation 3-9 homologue protein 1 (SUV39H1) and histone deacetylases 1 (HDAC1) at the locus and subsequently increased Ins1 gene transcription. Ser487 phosphorylation of menin also increases expression of proproliferative cyclin D2 and β cell proliferation. Our results have uncovered a previously unappreciated physiological link in which GLP-1 signaling suppresses menin function through phosphorylation-triggered and actin/myosin cytoskeletal protein-mediated derepression of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xing
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katy Szigety
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wen Su
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longmei Zhang
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruirui Jia
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangchen Kong
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Medical Center and Diabetes Center, Shenzhen, China .,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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85
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Batool S, Raza H, Zaidi J, Riaz S, Hasan S, Syed NI. Synapse formation: from cellular and molecular mechanisms to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1381-1397. [PMID: 30759043 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00833.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise patterns of neuronal assembly during development determine all functional outputs of a nervous system; these may range from simple reflexes to learning, memory, cognition, etc. To understand how brain functions and how best to repair it after injury, disease, or trauma, it is imperative that we first seek to define fundamental steps mediating this neuronal assembly. To acquire the sophisticated ensemble of highly specialized networks seen in a mature brain, all proliferated and migrated neurons must extend their axonal and dendritic processes toward targets, which are often located at some distance. Upon contact with potential partners, neurons must undergo dramatic structural changes to become either a pre- or a postsynaptic neuron. This connectivity is cemented through specialized structures termed synapses. Both structurally and functionally, the newly formed synapses are, however, not static as they undergo consistent changes in order for an animal to meet its behavioral needs in a changing environment. These changes may be either in the form of new synapses or an enhancement of their synaptic efficacy, referred to as synaptic plasticity. Thus, synapse formation is not restricted to neurodevelopment; it is a process that remains active throughout life. As the brain ages, either the lack of neuronal activity or cell death render synapses dysfunctional, thus giving rise to neurodegenerative disorders. This review seeks to highlight salient steps that are involved in a neuron's journey, starting with the establishment, maturation, and consolidation of synapses; we particularly focus on identifying key players involved in the synaptogenic program. We hope that this endeavor will not only help the beginners in this field to understand how brain networks are assembled in the first place but also shed light on various neurodevelopmental, neurological, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders that involve synaptic inactivity or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Batool
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hussain Raza
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jawwad Zaidi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saba Riaz
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Hasan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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86
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menin, a chromatin binding protein, interacts with various epigenetic regulators to regulate gene transcription, whereas forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor that can be regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Both menin and FOXO1 are crucial regulators of β-cell function and metabolism; however, whether or how they interplay to regulate β cells is not clear. METHODS To examine whether menin affects expression of FOXO1, we ectopically expressed menin complementary DNA and small hairpin RNA targeting menin via a retroviral vector in INS-1 cells. Western blotting was used to analyze protein levels. RESULTS Our current work shows that menin increases the expression of FOXO1. Menin stabilizes FOXO1 protein level in INS-1 cells, as shown by increased half-life of FOXO1 by menin expression. Moreover, menin represses ubiquitination of FOXO1 protein and AKT phosphorylation, We found that menin stabilizes FOXO1 by repressing FOXO1 degradation mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Because FOXO1 upregulates the menin gene transcription, our findings unravel a crucial menin and FOXO1 interplay, with menin and FOXO1 upregulating their expression reciprocally, forming a positive feedback loop to sustain menin and FOXO1 expression.
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87
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Yokoyama A. RNA Polymerase II-Dependent Transcription Initiated by Selectivity Factor 1: A Central Mechanism Used by MLL Fusion Proteins in Leukemic Transformation. Front Genet 2019; 9:722. [PMID: 30693017 PMCID: PMC6339877 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells transcribe RNAs in a characteristic manner in order to maintain their oncogenic potentials. In eukaryotes, RNA is polymerized by three distinct RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase I, II, and III (RNAP1, RNAP2, and RNAP3, respectively). The transcriptional machinery that initiates each transcription reaction has been purified and characterized. Selectivity factor 1 (SL1) is the complex responsible for RNAP1 pre-initiation complex formation. However, whether it plays any role in RNAP2-dependent transcription remains unclear. Our group previously found that SL1 specifically associates with AF4 family proteins. AF4 family proteins form the AEP complex with ENL family proteins and the P-TEFb elongation factor. Similar complexes have been independently characterized by several different laboratories and are often referred to as super elongation complex. The involvement of AEP in RNAP2-dependent transcription indicates that SL1 must play an important role in RNAP2-dependent transcription. To date, this role of SL1 has not been appreciated. In leukemia, AF4 and ENL family genes are frequently rearranged to form chimeric fusion genes with MLL. The resultant MLL fusion genes produce chimeric MLL fusion proteins comprising MLL and AEP components. The MLL portion functions as a targeting module, which specifically binds chromatin containing di-/tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 36 and non-methylated CpGs. This type of chromatin is enriched at the promoters of transcriptionally active genes which allows MLL fusion proteins to selectively bind to transcriptionally-active/CpG-rich gene promoters. The fusion partner portion, which recruits other AEP components and SL1, is responsible for activation of RNAP2-dependent transcription. Consequently, MLL fusion proteins constitutively activate the transcription of previously-transcribed MLL target genes. Structure/function analysis has shown that the ability of MLL fusion proteins to transform hematopoietic progenitors depends on the recruitment of AEP and SL1. Thus, the AEP/SL1-mediated gene activation pathway appears to be the central mechanism of MLL fusion-mediated transcriptional activation. However, the molecular mechanism by which SL1 activates RNAP2-dependent transcription remains largely unclear. This review aims to cover recent discoveries of the mechanism of transcriptional activation by MLL fusion proteins and to introduce novel roles of SL1 in RNAP2-dependent transcription by discussing how the RNAP1 machinery may be involved in RNAP2-dependent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Meatabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Yamagata, Japan
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88
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Mercher T, Schwaller J. Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): From Genes to Models Toward Targeted Therapeutic Intervention. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:401. [PMID: 31681706 PMCID: PMC6803505 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the genetic lesions driving pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), emerging biological concepts, and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Hereby, we focus on lesions that preferentially or exclusively occur in pediatric patients and molecular markers of aggressive disease with often poor outcome including fusion oncogenes that involve epigenetic regulators like KMT2A, NUP98, or CBFA2T3, respectively. Functional studies were able to demonstrate cooperation with signaling mutations leading to constitutive activation of FLT3 or the RAS signal transduction pathways. We discuss the issues faced to faithfully model pediatric acute leukemia in mice. Emerging experimental evidence suggests that the disease phenotype is dependent on the appropriate expression and activity of the driver fusion oncogenes during a particular window of opportunity during fetal development. We also highlight biochemical studies that deciphered some molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation by KMT2A, NUP98, and CBFA2T3 fusions, which, in some instances, allowed the development of small molecules with potent anti-leukemic activities in preclinical models (e.g., inhibitors of the KMT2A-MENIN interaction). Finally, we discuss other potential therapeutic strategies that not only target driver fusion-controlled signals but also interfere with the transformed cell state either by exploiting the primed apoptosis or vulnerable metabolic states or by increasing tumor cell recognition and elimination by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital Beider Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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89
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Kamilaris CDC, Stratakis CA. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1): An Update and the Significance of Early Genetic and Clinical Diagnosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 31263451 PMCID: PMC6584804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary tumor syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and characterized by a predisposition to a multitude of endocrine neoplasms primarily of parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and anterior pituitary origin, as well as nonendocrine neoplasms. Other endocrine tumors in MEN1 include foregut carcinoid tumors, adrenocortical tumors, and rarely pheochromocytoma. Nonendocrine manifestations include meningiomas and ependymomas, lipomas, angiofibromas, collagenomas, and leiomyomas. MEN1 is caused by inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor gene MEN1 which encodes the protein menin. This syndrome can affect all age groups, with 17% of patients developing MEN1-associated tumors before 21 years of age. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MEN1-associated tumors, patients with MEN1 continue to have decreased life expectancy primarily due to malignant neuroendocrine tumors. The most recent clinical practice guidelines for MEN1, published in 2012, highlight the need for early genetic and clinical diagnosis of MEN1 and recommend an intensive surveillance approach for both patients with this syndrome and asymptomatic carriers starting at the age of 5 years with the goal of timely detection and management of MEN1-associated neoplasms and ultimately decreased disease-specific morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation and individual mutation-dependent surveillance is not possible currently.
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90
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Marx SJ, Goltzman D. Evolution of Our Understanding of the Hyperparathyroid Syndromes: A Historical Perspective. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:22-37. [PMID: 30536424 PMCID: PMC6396287 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review advancing and overlapping stages for our understanding of the expressions of six hyperparathyroid (HPT) syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or type 4, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. During stage 1 (1903 to 1967), the introduction of robust measurement of serum calcium was a milestone that uncovered hypercalcemia as the first sign of dysfunction in many HPT subjects, and inheritability was reported in each syndrome. The earliest reports of HPT syndromes were biased toward severe or striking manifestations. During stage 2 (1959 to 1985), the early formulations of a syndrome were improved. Radioimmunoassays (parathyroid hormone [PTH], gastrin, insulin, prolactin, calcitonin) were breakthroughs. They could identify a syndrome carrier, indicate an emerging tumor, characterize a tumor, or monitor a tumor. During stage 3 (1981 to 2006), the assembly of many cases enabled recognition of further details. For example, hormone non-secreting skin lesions were discovered in MEN1 and MEN2A. During stage 4 (1985 to the present), new genomic tools were a revolution for gene identification. Four principal genes ("principal" implies mutated or deleted in 50% or more probands for its syndrome) (MEN1, RET, CASR, CDC73) were identified for five syndromes. During stage 5 (1993 to the present), seven syndromal genes other than a principal gene were identified (CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, CDKN1A, GNA11, AP2S1, GCM2). Identification of AP2S1 and GCM2 became possible because of whole-exome sequencing. During stages 4 and 5, the newly identified genes enabled many studies, including robust assignment of the carriers and non-carriers of a mutation. Furthermore, molecular pathways of RET and the calcium-sensing receptor were elaborated, thereby facilitating developments in pharmacotherapy. Current findings hold the promise that more genes for HPT syndromes will be identified and studied in the near future. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Marx
- Office of the Scientific Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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91
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Pikman Y, Stegmaier K. Targeted therapy for fusion-driven high-risk acute leukemia. Blood 2018; 132:1241-1247. [PMID: 30049809 PMCID: PMC6148448 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-784157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continued progress in drug development for acute leukemias, outcomes for patients with some subtypes have not changed significantly in the last decade. Recurrent chromosomal translocations have long been recognized as driver events in leukemia, and many of these oncogenic fusions portend high-risk disease. Improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these fusions, coupled with novel chemistry approaches, now provide new opportunity for therapeutic inroads into the treatment of leukemia driven by these fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pikman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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92
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Stevenson M, Lines KE, Thakker RV. Molecular Genetic Studies of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Therapeutic Approaches. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2018; 47:525-548. [PMID: 30098714 PMCID: PMC7614857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) arise sporadically or as part of familial syndromes. Genetic studies of hereditary syndromes and whole exome sequencing analysis of sporadic NETs have revealed the roles of some genes involved in PNET tumorigenesis. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene is most commonly mutated. Its encoded protein, menin, has roles in transcriptional regulation, genome stability, DNA repair, protein degradation, cell motility and adhesion, microRNA biogenesis, cell division, cell cycle control, and epigenetic regulation. Therapies targeting epigenetic regulation and MEN1 gene replacement have been reported to be effective in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stevenson
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Kate E Lines
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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93
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Getz AM, Wijdenes P, Riaz S, Syed NI. Uncovering the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Synapse Formation and Functional Specificity Using Central Neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29528213 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
All functions of the nervous system are contingent upon the precise organization of neuronal connections that are initially patterned during development, and then continually modified throughout life. Determining the mechanisms that specify the formation and functional modulation of synaptic circuitry are critical to advancing both our fundamental understanding of the nervous system as well as the various neurodevelopmental, neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders that are met in clinical practice when these processes go awry. Defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying nervous system development, function, and pathology has proven challenging, due mainly to the complexity of the vertebrate brain. Simple model system approaches with invertebrate preparations, on the other hand, have played pivotal roles in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying the formation and plasticity of individual synapses, and the contributions of individual neurons and their synaptic connections that underlie a variety of behaviors, and learning and memory. In this Review, we discuss the experimental utility of the invertebrate mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis, with a particular emphasis on in vitro cell culture, semi-intact and in vivo preparations, which enable molecular and electrophysiological identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the formation, plasticity, and specificity of individual synapses at a single-neuron or single-synapse resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Getz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Wijdenes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Saba Riaz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Naweed I. Syed
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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94
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Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso M, Pontes Cavalcante I, Meneses Ferreira A, Marinho de Paula Mariani B, Ferini Pacicco Lotfi C. Genetics of primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Presse Med 2018; 47:e139-e149. [PMID: 30075949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics investigations of primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) have been providing new insights for the research on this issue. The cAMP-dependent pathway is physiologically triggered by ACTH and its receptor, MC2-R, in adrenocortical cells. Different mechanisms of this cascade may be altered in some functioning adrenal cortical disorders. Activating somatic mutations of the GNAS gene (known as gsp oncogene) which encodes the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gsα) have been found in a small number of adrenocortical secreting adenomas and rarely in PMAH. Lately, ARMC5 was linked to the cyclic AMP signaling pathway, which could be implicated in all of mechanisms of cortisol-secreting by macronodules adrenal hyperplasia and the molecular defects in: G protein aberrant receptors; MC2R; GNAS; PRKAR1A; PDE11A; PDE8B. Around 50 % of patient's relatives with PMAH and 30 % of apparently sporadic hypercortisolism carried ARMC5 mutations. Therefore, PMAH is genetically determined more frequently than previously believed. This review summarizes the most important molecular mechanisms involved in PMAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isadora Pontes Cavalcante
- University of Sao Paulo, Adrenal Unit, Service of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 03178-200 Sao Paulo, Brazil; University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, 03178-200 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Meneses Ferreira
- University of Sao Paulo, Adrenal Unit, Service of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 03178-200 Sao Paulo, Brazil
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95
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Sharma S, Čermáková K, De Rijck J, Demeulemeester J, Fábry M, El Ashkar S, Van Belle S, Lepšík M, Tesina P, Duchoslav V, Novák P, Hubálek M, Srb P, Christ F, Řezáčová P, Hodges HC, Debyser Z, Veverka V. Affinity switching of the LEDGF/p75 IBD interactome is governed by kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7053-E7062. [PMID: 29997176 PMCID: PMC6065015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803909115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 (LEDGF/p75, or PSIP1) is a transcriptional coactivator that tethers other proteins to gene bodies. The chromatin tethering function of LEDGF/p75 is hijacked by HIV integrase to ensure viral integration at sites of active transcription. LEDGF/p75 is also important for the development of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), where it tethers the MLL1 fusion complex at aberrant MLL targets, inducing malignant transformation. However, little is known about how the LEDGF/p75 protein interaction network is regulated. Here, we obtained solution structures of the complete interfaces between the LEDGF/p75 integrase binding domain (IBD) and its cellular binding partners and validated another binding partner, Mediator subunit 1 (MED1). We reveal that structurally conserved IBD-binding motifs (IBMs) on known LEDGF/p75 binding partners can be regulated by phosphorylation, permitting switching between low- and high-affinity states. Finally, we show that elimination of IBM phosphorylation sites on MLL1 disrupts the oncogenic potential of primary MLL1-rearranged leukemic cells. Our results demonstrate that kinase-dependent phosphorylation of MLL1 represents a previously unknown oncogenic dependency that may be harnessed in the treatment of MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kateřina Čermáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | | | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sara El Ashkar
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siska Van Belle
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tesina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Duchoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frauke Christ
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - H Courtney Hodges
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Václav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 116 36 Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Li JWY, Hua X, Reidy-Lagunes D, Untch BR. MENIN loss as a tissue-specific driver of tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:98-106. [PMID: 28965973 PMCID: PMC8064664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The MEN1 gene encodes MENIN, a tumor suppressor that plays a role in multiple cellular processes. Germline and somatic mutations in MEN1 have been identified in hereditary and sporadic tumors of neuroendocrine origins suggesting context-specific functions. In this review, we focus on the development of mutational Men1 in vivo models, the known cellular activities of MENIN and efforts to identify vulnerabilities in tumors with MENIN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet W Y Li
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diane Reidy-Lagunes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian R Untch
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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97
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Khatami F, Tavangar SM. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes from Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918785129. [PMID: 30013307 PMCID: PMC6043927 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918785129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are infrequent inherited disorders in which more than one endocrine glands develop noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) tumors or grow excessively without forming tumors. There are 3 famous and well-known forms of MEN syndromes (MEN 1, MEN 2A, and MEN 2B) and a newly documented one (MEN4). These syndromes are infrequent and occurred in all ages and both men and women. Usually, germ line mutations that can be resulted in neoplastic transformation of anterior pituitary, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islets in addition to gastrointestinal tract can be an indicator for MEN1. The medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in association with pheochromocytoma and/or multiple lesions of parathyroid glands with hyperparathyroidism can be pointer of MEN2 which can be subgrouped into the MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial MTC syndromes. There are no distinct biochemical markers that allow identification of familial versus nonfamilial forms of the tumors, but familial MTC usually happens at a younger age than sporadic MTC. The MEN1 gene (menin protein) is in charge of MEN 1 disease, CDNK1B for MEN 4, and RET proto-oncogene for MEN 2. The focus over the molecular targets can bring some hope for both diagnosis and management of MEN syndromes. In the current review, we look at this disease and responsible genes and their cell signaling pathway involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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98
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Iyer S, Agarwal SK. Epigenetic regulation in the tumorigenesis of MEN1-associated endocrine cell types. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R13-R24. [PMID: 29615472 PMCID: PMC5966343 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is emerging as a key feature in the molecular characteristics of various human diseases. Epigenetic aberrations can occur from mutations in genes associated with epigenetic regulation, improper deposition, removal or reading of histone modifications, DNA methylation/demethylation and impaired non-coding RNA interactions in chromatin. Menin, the protein product of the gene causative for the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, interacts with chromatin-associated protein complexes and also regulates some non-coding RNAs, thus participating in epigenetic control mechanisms. Germline inactivating mutations in the MEN1 gene that encodes menin predispose patients to develop endocrine tumors of the parathyroids, anterior pituitary and the duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. Therefore, functional loss of menin in the various MEN1-associated endocrine cell types can result in epigenetic changes that promote tumorigenesis. Because epigenetic changes are reversible, they can be targeted to develop therapeutics for restoring the tumor epigenome to the normal state. Irrespective of whether epigenetic alterations are the cause or consequence of the tumorigenesis process, targeting the endocrine tumor-associated epigenome offers opportunities for exploring therapeutic options. This review presents epigenetic control mechanisms relevant to the interactions and targets of menin, and the contribution of epigenetics in the tumorigenesis of endocrine cell types from menin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharitha Iyer
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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99
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Jiang Z, Shi D, Tu Y, Tian J, Zhang W, Xing B, Wang J, Liu S, Lou J, Gustafsson JÅ, Hua X, Ma X. Human Proislet Peptide Promotes Pancreatic Progenitor Cells to Ameliorate Diabetes Through FOXO1/Menin-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation. Diabetes 2018; 67:1345-1355. [PMID: 29716892 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how human proislet peptide (HIP) regulates differentiation of human fetus-derived pancreatic progenitor cells (HFPPCs) and explored the potential link between HIP signaling and the menin pathway, which is key to regulating pancreatic islet differentiation. The data show that HIP promoted expression of proislet transcription factors (TFs), including PDX-1, MAFA, and NKX6.1, as well as other maturation markers of β-cells, such as insulin, GLUT2, KIR6.2, SUR1, and VDCC. Moreover, HIP increased insulin content and promoted the ability of HFPPCs to normalize blood glucose in diabetic mice. HIP inhibited the TF FOXO1 by increasing AKT-mediated phosphorylation. HIP-induced repression of FOXO1 suppressed menin expression, leading to reducing menin binding to the promoter of the three key proislet TFs, decreasing recruitment of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1, and thus reducing repressive H3K9me3 at the promoter. These coordinated actions lead to increased expression of the proislet TFs, resulting in induction of HFPPC differentiation. Consistently, constitutive activation of FOXO1 blocks HIP-induced transcription of these TFs. Together, these studies unravel the crucial role of the HIP/AKT/FOXO/menin axis in epigenetically controlling expression of proislet TFs, regulating the differentiation of HFPPCs, and normalizing blood glucose in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhe Jiang
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diwen Shi
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Tu
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xing
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinning Lou
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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100
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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) might occur as a non-familial isolated endocrinopathy or as part of a complex hereditary syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). MEN1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of PNETs with tumours of the parathyroids and anterior pituitary. Treatments for primary PNETs include surgery. Treatments for non-resectable PNETs and metastases include biotherapy (for example, somatostatin analogues, inhibitors of receptors and monoclonal antibodies), chemotherapy and radiological therapy. All these treatments are effective for PNETs in patients without MEN1; however, there is a scarcity of clinical trials reporting the efficacy of the same treatments of PNETs in patients with MEN1. Treatment of PNETs in patients with MEN1 is challenging owing to the concomitant development of other tumours, which might have metastasized. In recent years, preclinical studies have identified potential new therapeutic targets for treating MEN1-associated neuroendocrine tumours (including PNETs), and these include epigenetic modification, the β-catenin-wingless (WNT) pathway, Hedgehog signalling, somatostatin receptors and MEN1 gene replacement therapy. This Review discusses these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Frost
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LJ. United Kingdom
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