51
|
Feng B, Levitas VI. Pressure Self-focusing Effect and Novel Methods for Increasing the Maximum Pressure in Traditional and Rotational Diamond Anvil Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45461. [PMID: 28429723 PMCID: PMC5399457 DOI: 10.1038/srep45461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main principles of producing a region near the center of a sample, compressed in a diamond anvil cell (DAC), with a very high pressure gradient and, consequently, with high pressure are predicted theoretically. The revealed phenomenon of generating extremely high pressure gradient is called the pressure self-focusing effect. Initial analytical predictions utilized generalization of a simplified equilibrium equation. Then, the results are refined using our recent advanced model for elastoplastic material under high pressures in finite element method (FEM) simulations. The main points in producing the pressure self-focusing effect are to use beveled anvils and reach a very thin sample thickness at the center. We find that the superposition of torsion in a rotational DAC (RDAC) offers drastic enhancement of the pressure self-focusing effect and allows one to reach the same pressure under a much lower force and deformation of anvils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Feng
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Valery I. Levitas
- Departments of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Material Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Ames Laboratory, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang S, Driver KP, Soubiran F, Militzer B. Equation of state and shock compression of warm dense sodium—A first-principles study. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin P. Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Shen G, Mao HK. High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016101. [PMID: 27873767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/1/016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; and synchrotron x-ray techniques, to probe materials' properties in situ, has enabled the exploration of rich high-pressure (HP) science. In this article, we first introduce the essential concept of diamond anvil cell technology, together with recent developments and its integration with other extreme environments. We then provide an overview of the latest developments in HP synchrotron techniques, their applications, and current problems, followed by a discussion of HP scientific studies using x-rays in the key multidisciplinary fields. These HP studies include: HP x-ray emission spectroscopy, which provides information on the filled electronic states of HP samples; HP x-ray Raman spectroscopy, which probes the HP chemical bonding changes of light elements; HP electronic inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which accesses high energy electronic phenomena, including electronic band structure, Fermi surface, excitons, plasmons, and their dispersions; HP resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which probes shallow core excitations, multiplet structures, and spin-resolved electronic structure; HP nuclear resonant x-ray spectroscopy, which provides phonon densities of state and time-resolved Mössbauer information; HP x-ray imaging, which provides information on hierarchical structures, dynamic processes, and internal strains; HP x-ray diffraction, which determines the fundamental structures and densities of single-crystal, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline, and non-crystalline materials; and HP radial x-ray diffraction, which yields deviatoric, elastic and rheological information. Integrating these tools with hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure media, laser and resistive heating, and cryogenic cooling, has enabled investigations of the structural, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials over a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Cazorla C, MacLeod SG, Errandonea D, Munro KA, McMahon MI, Popescu C. Thallium under extreme compression. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:445401. [PMID: 27605357 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/44/445401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the high-pressure behavior of thallium. X-ray diffraction experiments have been carried out at room temperature (RT) up to 125 GPa using diamond-anvil cells (DACs), nearly doubling the pressure range of previous experiments. We have confirmed the hcp-fcc transition at 3.5 GPa and determined that the fcc structure remains stable up to the highest pressure attained in the experiments. In addition, HP-HT experiments have been performed up to 8 GPa and 700 K by using a combination of XRD and a resistively heated DAC. Information on the phase boundaries is obtained, as well as crystallographic information on the HT bcc phase. The equation of state (EOS) for different phases is reported. Ab initio calculations have also been carried out considering several potential high-pressure structures. They are consistent with the experimental results and predict that, among the structures considered in the calculations, the fcc structure of thallium is stable up to 4.3 TPa. Calculations also predict the post-fcc phase to have a close-packed orthorhombic structure above 4.3 TPa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cazorla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia. Integrated Materials Design Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Boutopoulos C, Dagallier A, Sansone M, Blanchard-Dionne AP, Lecavalier-Hurtubise É, Boulais É, Meunier M. Photon-induced generation and spatial control of extreme pressure at the nanoscale with a gold bowtie nano-antenna platform. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17196-17203. [PMID: 27714040 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatial and temporal control of pressure stimulation at the nanometer scale is essential for the fabrication and manipulation of nano-objects, and for exploring single-molecule behaviour of matter under extreme conditions. However, state-of-the-art nano-mechanical transducers require sophisticated driving hardware and are currently limited to moderate pressure regimes. Here we report a gold plasmonic bowtie (AuBT) nano-antennas array that can generate extreme pressure stimulus of ∼100 GPa in the ps (10-12 s) time scale with sub-wavelength resolution upon irradiation with ultra-short laser pulses. Our method leverages the non-linear interaction of photons with water molecules to excite a nano-plasma in the plasmon-enhanced near-field and induce extreme thermodynamic states. The proposed method utilizes laser pulses, which in contrast to micro- and nano-mechanical actuators offers simplicity and versatility. We present time-resolved shadowgraphic imaging, electron microscopy and simulation data that suggest that our platform can efficiently create cavitation nano-bubbles and generate intense pressure in specific patterns, which can be controlled by the selective excitation of plasmon modes of distinct polarizations. This novel platform should enable probing non-invasively the mechanical response of cells and single-molecules at time and pressure regimes that are currently difficult to reach with other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Boutopoulos
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada. and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Adrien Dagallier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Maria Sansone
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada. and Dipartimento di Chimica "A.M. Tamburro", Università della Basilicata, Viadell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Andre-Pierre Blanchard-Dionne
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Évelyne Lecavalier-Hurtubise
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Étienne Boulais
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada. and Laboratory of Biosensors and Nanomachines, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michel Meunier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
|
57
|
Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Solopova NA, Abakumov A, Turner S, Hanfland M, Bykova E, Bykov M, Prescher C, Prakapenka VB, Petitgirard S, Chuvashova I, Gasharova B, Mathis YL, Ershov P, Snigireva I, Snigirev A. Terapascal static pressure generation with ultrahigh yield strength nanodiamond. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600341. [PMID: 27453944 PMCID: PMC4956398 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies of materials' properties at high and ultrahigh pressures lead to discoveries of unique physical and chemical phenomena and a deeper understanding of matter. In high-pressure research, an achievable static pressure limit is imposed by the strength of available strong materials and design of high-pressure devices. Using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique, we synthesized optically transparent microballs of bulk nanocrystalline diamond, which were found to have an exceptional yield strength (~460 GPa at a confining pressure of ~70 GPa) due to the unique microstructure of bulk nanocrystalline diamond. We used the nanodiamond balls in a double-stage diamond anvil cell high-pressure device that allowed us to generate static pressures beyond 1 TPa, as demonstrated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Outstanding mechanical properties (strain-dependent elasticity, very high hardness, and unprecedented yield strength) make the nanodiamond balls a unique device for ultrahigh static pressure generation. Structurally isotropic, homogeneous, and made of a low-Z material, they are promising in the field of x-ray optical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natalia A. Solopova
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Artem Abakumov
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Turner
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Elena Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Clemens Prescher
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60437, USA
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60437, USA
| | | | - Irina Chuvashova
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Biliana Gasharova
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yves-Laurent Mathis
- ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petr Ershov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, RU-236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Irina Snigireva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Anatoly Snigirev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, RU-236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Matsumoto R, Sasama Y, Fujioka M, Irifune T, Tanaka M, Yamaguchi T, Takeya H, Takano Y. Note: Novel diamond anvil cell for electrical measurements using boron-doped metallic diamond electrodes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:076103. [PMID: 27475610 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel diamond anvil cell suitable for electrical transport measurements under high pressure has been developed. A boron-doped metallic diamond film was deposited as an electrode on a nano-polycrystalline diamond anvil using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique combined with electron beam lithography. The maximum pressure that can be achieved by this assembly is above 30 GPa. We report electrical transport measurements of Pb up to 8 GPa. The boron-doped metallic diamond electrodes showed no signs of degradation after repeated compression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Matsumoto
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Y Sasama
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - M Fujioka
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - T Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - H Takeya
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Y Takano
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Knaapila M, Guha S. Blue emitting organic semiconductors under high pressure: status and outlook. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:066601. [PMID: 27116082 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/066601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes essential optical and emerging structural experiments that use high GPa range hydrostatic pressure to probe physical phenomena in blue-emitting organic semiconductors including π-conjugated polyfluorene and related compounds. The work emphasizes molecular structure and intermolecular self-organization that typically determine transport and optical emission in π-conjugated oligomers and polymers. In this context, hydrostatic pressure through diamond anvil cells has proven to be an elegant tool to control structure and interactions without chemical intervention. This has been highlighted by high pressure optical spectroscopy whilst analogous x-ray diffraction experiments remain less frequent. By focusing on a class of blue-emitting π-conjugated polymers, polyfluorenes, this article reviews optical spectroscopic studies under hydrostatic pressure, addressing the impact of molecular and intermolecular interactions on optical excitations, electron-phonon interaction, and changes in backbone conformations. This picture is connected to the optical high pressure studies of other π-conjugated systems and emerging x-ray scattering experiments from polyfluorenes which provides a structure-property map of pressure-driven intra- and interchain interactions. Key obstacles to obtain further advances are identified and experimental methods to resolve them are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Schöttler M, French M, Cebulla D, Redmer R. Free energy model for solid high-pressure phases of carbon. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:145401. [PMID: 26974530 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/14/145401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analytic free energy models for three solid high-pressure phases--diamond, body centered cubic phase with eight atoms in the unit cell (BC8), and simple cubic (SC)--are developed using density functional theory. We explicitly include anharmonic effects by performing molecular dynamics simulations and investigate their density and temperature dependence in detail. Anharmonicity in the nuclear motion shifts the phase transitions significantly compared to the harmonic approximation. Furthermore, we apply a thermodynamically constrained correction that brings the equation of state in accordance with diamond anvil cell experiments. The performance of our thermodynamic functions is validated against Hugoniot experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schöttler
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Zaleski-Ejgierd P, Lata PM. Krypton oxides under pressure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18938. [PMID: 26830129 PMCID: PMC4735652 DOI: 10.1038/srep18938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Under high pressure, krypton, one of the most inert elements is predicted to become sufficiently reactive to form a new class of krypton compounds; krypton oxides. Using modern ab-initio evolutionary algorithms in combination with Density Functional Theory, we predict the existence of several thermodynamically stable Kr/O species at elevated pressures. In particular, our calculations indicate that at approx. 300 GPa the monoxide, KrO, should form spontaneously and remain thermo- and dynamically stable with respect to constituent elements and higher oxides. The monoxide is predicted to form non-molecular crystals with short Kr-O contacts, typical for genuine chemical bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel M Lata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Pressure-driven formation and stabilization of superconductive chromium hydrides. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17764. [PMID: 26626579 PMCID: PMC4667211 DOI: 10.1038/srep17764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium hydride is a prototype stoichiometric transition metal hydride. The phase diagram of Cr-H system at high pressures remains largely unexplored due to the challenges in dealing with the high activation barriers and complications in handing hydrogen under pressure. We have performed an extensive structural study on Cr-H system at pressure range 0 ∼ 300 GPa using an unbiased structure prediction method based on evolutionary algorithm. Upon compression, a number of hydrides are predicted to become stable in the excess hydrogen environment and these have compositions of Cr2Hn (n = 2–4, 6, 8, 16). Cr2H3, CrH2 and Cr2H5 structures are versions of the perfect anti-NiAs-type CrH with ordered tetrahedral interstitial sites filled by H atoms. CrH3 and CrH4 exhibit host-guest structural characteristics. In CrH8, H2 units are also identified. Our study unravels that CrH is a superconductor at atmospheric pressure with an estimated transition temperature (T c) of 10.6 K, and superconductivity in CrH3 is enhanced by the metallic hydrogen sublattice with T c of 37.1 K at 81 GPa, very similar to the extensively studied MgB2.
Collapse
|
63
|
Smith D, Howie RT, Crowe IF, Simionescu CL, Muryn C, Vishnyakov V, Novoselov KS, Kim YJ, Halsall MP, Gregoryanz E, Proctor JE. Hydrogenation of Graphene by Reaction at High Pressure and High Temperature. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8279-8283. [PMID: 26256819 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reaction between hydrogen and purely sp(2)-bonded graphene to form graphene's purely sp(3)-bonded analogue, graphane, potentially allows the synthesis of a much wider variety of novel two-dimensional materials by opening a pathway to the application of conventional chemistry methods in graphene. Graphene is currently hydrogenated by exposure to atomic hydrogen in a vacuum, but these methods have not yielded a complete conversion of graphene to graphane, even with graphene exposed to hydrogen on both sides of the lattice. By heating graphene in molecular hydrogen under compression to modest high pressure in a diamond anvil cell (2.6-5.0 GPa), we are able to react graphene with hydrogen and propose a method whereby fully hydrogenated graphane may be synthesized for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Smith
- School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford , Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Ross T Howie
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iain F Crowe
- Photon Science Institute and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina L Simionescu
- School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford , Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Muryn
- Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Vishnyakov
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin S Novoselov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Halsall
- Photon Science Institute and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - John E Proctor
- School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford , Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
- Photon Science Institute and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
The most incompressible metal osmium at static pressures above 750 gigapascals. Nature 2015; 525:226-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
65
|
Prediction of 10-fold coordinated TiO2 and SiO2 structures at multimegabar pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6898-901. [PMID: 25991859 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500604112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict by first-principles methods a phase transition in TiO2 at 6.5 Mbar from the Fe2P-type polymorph to a ten-coordinated structure with space group I4/mmm. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the pressure-induced phase transition to the I4/mmm structure among all dioxide compounds. The I4/mmm structure was found to be up to 3.3% denser across all pressures investigated. Significant differences were found in the electronic properties of the two structures, and the metallization of TiO2 was calculated to occur concomitantly with the phase transition to I4/mmm. The implications of our findings were extended to SiO2, and an analogous Fe2P-type to I4/mmm transition was found to occur at 10 TPa. This is consistent with the lower-pressure phase transitions of TiO2, which are well-established models for the phase transitions in other AX2 compounds, including SiO2. As in TiO2, the transition to I4/mmm corresponds to the metallization of SiO2. This transformation is in the pressure range reached in the interiors of recently discovered extrasolar planets and calls for a reformulation of the equations of state used to model them.
Collapse
|
66
|
Chen J, Ren X, Li XZ, Alfè D, Wang E. On the room-temperature phase diagram of high pressure hydrogen: an ab initio molecular dynamics perspective and a diffusion Monte Carlo study. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:024501. [PMID: 25028021 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The finite-temperature phase diagram of hydrogen in the region of phase IV and its neighborhood was studied using the ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) and the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD). The electronic structures were analyzed using the density-functional theory (DFT), the random-phase approximation, and the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods. Taking the state-of-the-art DMC results as benchmark, comparisons of the energy differences between structures generated from the MD and PIMD simulations, with molecular and dissociated hydrogens, respectively, in the weak molecular layers of phase IV, indicate that standard functionals in DFT tend to underestimate the dissociation barrier of the weak molecular layers in this mixed phase. Because of this underestimation, inclusion of the quantum nuclear effects (QNEs) in PIMD using electronic structures generated with these functionals leads to artificially dissociated hydrogen layers in phase IV and an error compensation between the neglect of QNEs and the deficiencies of these functionals in standard ab initio MD simulations exists. This analysis partly rationalizes why earlier ab initio MD simulations complement so well the experimental observations. The temperature and pressure dependencies for the stability of phase IV were also studied in the end and compared with earlier results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Dario Alfè
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Enge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Patel S, Suggit MJ, Stubley PG, Hawreliak JA, Ciricosta O, Comley AJ, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Foster JM, Wark JS, Higginbotham A. Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:053908. [PMID: 26026537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ white light Laue diffraction has been successfully used to interrogate the structure of single crystal materials undergoing rapid (nanosecond) dynamic compression up to megabar pressures. However, information on strain state accessible via this technique is limited, reducing its applicability for a range of applications. We present an extension to the existing Laue diffraction platform in which we record the photon energy of a subset of diffraction peaks. This allows for a measurement of the longitudinal and transverse strains in situ during compression. Consequently, we demonstrate measurement of volumetric compression of the unit cell, in addition to the limited aspect ratio information accessible in conventional white light Laue. We present preliminary results for silicon, where only an elastic strain is observed. VISAR measurements show the presence of a two wave structure and measurements show that material downstream of the second wave does not contribute to the observed diffraction peaks, supporting the idea that this material may be highly disordered, or has undergone large scale rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Patel
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Suggit
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Stubley
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - James A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Orlando Ciricosta
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Comley
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - John M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - Justin S Wark
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Higginbotham
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ishida T, Sato T, Ishikawa T, Oguma M, Itamura N, Goda K, Sasaki N, Fujita H. Time-lapse nanoscopy of friction in the non-Amontons and non-Coulomb regime. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1476-1480. [PMID: 25330166 DOI: 10.1021/nl5032502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Originally discovered by Leonard da Vinci in the 15th century, the force of friction is directly proportional to the applied load (known as Amontons' first law of friction). Furthermore, kinetic friction is independent of the sliding speed (known as Coulomb's law of friction). These empirical laws break down at high normal pressure (due to plastic deformation) and low sliding speed (in the transition regime between static friction and kinetic friction). An important example of this phenomenon is friction between the asperities of tectonic plates on the Earth. Despite its significance, little is known about the detailed mechanism of friction in this regime due to the lack of experimental methods. Here we demonstrate in situ time-lapse nanoscopy of friction between asperities sliding at ultralow speed (∼0.01 nm/s) under high normal pressure (∼GPa). This is made possible by compressing and rubbing a pair of nanometer-scale crystalline silicon anvils with electrostatic microactuators and monitoring its dynamical evolution with a transmission electron microscope. Our analysis of the time-lapse movie indicates that superplastic behavior is induced by decrystallization, plastic deformation, and atomic diffusion at the asperity-asperity interface. The results hold great promise for a better understanding of quasi-static friction under high pressure for geoscience, materials science, and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ishida
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
McMahon MI. Diamonds on Diamond: structural studies at extreme conditions on the Diamond Light Source. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2013.0158. [PMID: 25624513 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extreme conditions (EC) research investigates how the structures and physical and chemical properties of materials change when subjected to extremes of pressure and temperature. Pressures in excess of one million times atmospheric pressure can be achieved using a diamond anvil cell, and, in combination with high-energy, micro-focused radiation from a third-generation synchrotron such as Diamond, detailed structural information can be obtained using either powder or single-crystal diffraction techniques. Here, I summarize some of the research drivers behind international EC research, and then briefly describe the techniques by which high-quality diffraction data are obtained. I then highlight the breadth of EC research possible on Diamond by summarizing four examples from work conducted on the I15 and I19 beamlines, including a study which resulted in the first research paper from Diamond. Finally, I look to the future, and speculate as to the type of EC research might be conducted at Diamond over the next 10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Sakai T, Yagi T, Ohfuji H, Irifune T, Ohishi Y, Hirao N, Suzuki Y, Kuroda Y, Asakawa T, Kanemura T. High-pressure generation using double stage micro-paired diamond anvils shaped by focused ion beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033905. [PMID: 25832243 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized diamond anvils with a 3 μm culet were successfully processed using a focused ion beam (FIB) system and the generation of high pressures was confirmed using the double stage diamond anvil cell technique. The difficulty of aligning two second-stage micro-anvils was solved via the paired micro-anvil method. Micro-manufacturing using a FIB system enables us to control anvil shape, process any materials, including nano-polycrystalline diamond and single crystal diamond, and assemble the sample exactly in a very small space between the second-stage anvils. This method is highly reproducible. High pressures over 300 GPa were achieved, and the pressure distribution around the micro-anvil culet was evaluated by using a well-focused synchrotron micro-X-ray beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakai
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohfuji
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohishi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hirao
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yuya Suzuki
- HITACHI High-Technologies, Hitachinaka 312-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zhao Z, Wang EF, Yan H, Kono Y, Wen B, Bai L, Shi F, Zhang J, Kenney-Benson C, Park C, Wang Y, Shen G. Nanoarchitectured materials composed of fullerene-like spheroids and disordered graphene layers with tunable mechanical properties. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6212. [PMID: 25648723 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-II glass-like carbon is a widely used material with a unique combination of properties including low density, high strength, extreme impermeability to gas and liquid and resistance to chemical corrosion. It can be considered as a carbon-based nanoarchitectured material, consisting of a disordered multilayer graphene matrix encasing numerous randomly distributed nanosized fullerene-like spheroids. Here we show that under both hydrostatic compression and triaxial deformation, this high-strength material is highly compressible and exhibits a superelastic ability to recover from large strains. Under hydrostatic compression, bulk, shear and Young's moduli decrease anomalously with pressure, reaching minima around 1-2 GPa, where Poisson's ratio approaches zero, and then revert to normal behaviour with positive pressure dependences. Controlling the concentration, size and shape of fullerene-like spheroids with tailored topological connectivity to graphene layers is expected to yield exceptional and tunable mechanical properties, similar to mechanical metamaterials, with potentially wide applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Zhao
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Erik F Wang
- College of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yoshio Kono
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Bin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ligang Bai
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changyong Park
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Guoyin Shen
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Shamp A, Saitta P, Zurek E. Theoretical predictions of novel potassium chloride phases under pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12265-72. [PMID: 25891957 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Above 350 GPa KCl assumes an hcp lattice that is reminiscent of the isoelectronic noble gas Ar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shamp
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Patrick Saitta
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry
- State University of New York at Buffalo
- Buffalo
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lonsdaleite is faulted and twinned cubic diamond and does not exist as a discrete material. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5447. [PMID: 25410324 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonsdaleite, also called hexagonal diamond, has been widely used as a marker of asteroidal impacts. It is thought to play a central role during the graphite-to-diamond transformation, and calculations suggest that it possesses mechanical properties superior to diamond. However, despite extensive efforts, lonsdaleite has never been produced or described as a separate, pure material. Here we show that defects in cubic diamond provide an explanation for the characteristic d-spacings and reflections reported for lonsdaleite. Ultrahigh-resolution electron microscope images demonstrate that samples displaying features attributed to lonsdaleite consist of cubic diamond dominated by extensive {113} twins and {111} stacking faults. These defects give rise to nanometre-scale structural complexity. Our findings question the existence of lonsdaleite and point to the need for re-evaluating the interpretations of many lonsdaleite-related fundamental and applied studies.
Collapse
|
74
|
Salamat A, Fischer RA, Briggs R, McMahon MI, Petitgirard S. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell: Melting phenomena and synthesis of new materials. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
75
|
McMahon MI. High-pressure X-ray science on the ultimate storage ring. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:1077-1083. [PMID: 25177996 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514012855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the ESRF, APS and SPring-8 third-generation synchrotron sources in the mid-1990s heralded a golden age of high-pressure X-ray science. The high-energy monochromatic micro-focused X-ray beams from these storage rings, combined with the new high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy techniques developed in the late 1980s, meant that researchers were immediately able to make detailed structural studies at pressures comparable with those at the centre of the Earth, studies that were simply not possible only five years previously. And new techniques, such as X-ray inelastic scattering and X-ray nuclear scattering, became possible at high pressure for the first time, providing wholly-new insight into the behaviour of materials at high densities. The arrival of new diffraction-limited storage rings, with their much greater brightness, and ability to achieve focal-spot diameters for high-energy X-ray beams of below 1 µm, offers the possibility of a new generation of high-pressure science, both extending the scope of what is already possible, and also opening ways to wholly-new areas of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ramp compression of diamond to five terapascals. Nature 2014; 511:330-3. [PMID: 25030170 DOI: 10.1038/nature13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System, together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory, has prompted a renewed interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such electron-degenerate matter has matured since the early quantum statistical model of Thomas and Fermi, and now suggests that new complexities can emerge at pressures where core electrons (not only valence electrons) influence the structure and bonding of matter. Recent developments in shock-free dynamic (ramp) compression now allow laboratory access to this dense matter regime. Here we describe ramp-compression measurements for diamond, achieving 3.7-fold compression at a peak pressure of 5 terapascals (equivalent to 50 million atmospheres). These equation-of-state data can now be compared to first-principles density functional calculations and theories long used to describe matter present in the interiors of giant planets, in stars, and in inertial-confinement fusion experiments. Our data also provide new constraints on mass-radius relationships for carbon-rich planets.
Collapse
|
77
|
Smith RF, Eggert JH, Jeanloz R, Duffy TS, Braun DG, Patterson JR, Rudd RE, Biener J, Lazicki AE, Hamza AV, Wang J, Braun T, Benedict LX, Celliers PM, Collins GW. Ramp compression of diamond to five terapascals. Nature 2014. [PMID: 25030170 DOI: 10.1038/nature13526.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System, together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory, has prompted a renewed interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such electron-degenerate matter has matured since the early quantum statistical model of Thomas and Fermi, and now suggests that new complexities can emerge at pressures where core electrons (not only valence electrons) influence the structure and bonding of matter. Recent developments in shock-free dynamic (ramp) compression now allow laboratory access to this dense matter regime. Here we describe ramp-compression measurements for diamond, achieving 3.7-fold compression at a peak pressure of 5 terapascals (equivalent to 50 million atmospheres). These equation-of-state data can now be compared to first-principles density functional calculations and theories long used to describe matter present in the interiors of giant planets, in stars, and in inertial-confinement fusion experiments. Our data also provide new constraints on mass-radius relationships for carbon-rich planets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Jeanloz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Department of Astronomy and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T S Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D G Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Biener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A E Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A V Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Department of Astronomy and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L X Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Azadi S, Monserrat B, Foulkes WMC, Needs RJ. Dissociation of high-pressure solid molecular hydrogen: a quantum Monte Carlo and anharmonic vibrational study. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:165501. [PMID: 24815656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.165501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study is reported of the molecular-to-atomic transition in solid hydrogen at high pressure. We use the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method to calculate the static lattice energies of the competing phases and a density-functional-theory-based vibrational self-consistent field method to calculate anharmonic vibrational properties. We find a small but significant contribution to the vibrational energy from anharmonicity. A transition from the molecular Cmca-12 direct to the atomic I41/amd phase is found at 374 GPa. The vibrational contribution lowers the transition pressure by 91 GPa. The dissociation pressure is not very sensitive to the isotopic composition. Our results suggest that quantum melting occurs at finite temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Azadi
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - W M C Foulkes
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R J Needs
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Smedskjaer MM, Youngman RE, Striepe S, Potuzak M, Bauer U, Deubener J, Behrens H, Mauro JC, Yue Y. Irreversibility of pressure induced boron speciation change in glass. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3770. [PMID: 24442182 PMCID: PMC3895877 DOI: 10.1038/srep03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the coordination number (CN) of atoms or ions in many materials increases through application of sufficiently high pressure. This also applies to glassy materials. In boron-containing glasses, trigonal BO3 units can be transformed into tetrahedral BO4 under pressure. However, one of the key questions is whether the pressure-quenched CN change in glass is reversible upon annealing below the ambient glass transition temperature (Tg). Here we address this issue by performing (11)B NMR measurements on a soda lime borate glass that has been pressure-quenched at ~0.6 GPa near Tg. The results show a remarkable phenomenon, i.e., upon annealing at 0.9Tg the pressure-induced change in CN remains unchanged, while the pressurised values of macroscopic properties such as density, refractive index, and hardness are relaxing. This suggests that the pressure-induced changes in macroscopic properties of soda lime borate glasses compressed up to ~0.6 GPa are not attributed to changes in the short-range order in the glass, but rather to changes in overall atomic packing density and medium-range structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall E Youngman
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA
| | - Simon Striepe
- Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Potuzak
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA
| | - Ute Bauer
- Institute of Mineralogy, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Deubener
- Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Harald Behrens
- Institute of Mineralogy, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - John C Mauro
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Zaleski-Ejgierd P. High-pressure formation and stabilization of binary iridium hydrides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3220-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
81
|
Lee R, Howard JAK, Probert MR, Steed JW. Structure of organic solids at low temperature and high pressure. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4300-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review summarises the current state of the art in low temperature and high pressure crystallography of molecular organic and coordination compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Quantum simulation of low-temperature metallic liquid hydrogen. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2064. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
83
|
Pickard CJ, Martinez-Canales M, Needs RJ. Decomposition and Terapascal phases of water ice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:245701. [PMID: 25165937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Computational searches for stable and metastable structures of water ice and other H:O compositions at TPa pressures have led us to predict that H(2)O decomposes into H(2)O(2) and a hydrogen-rich phase at pressures of a little over 5 TPa. The hydrogen-rich phase is stable over a wide range of hydrogen contents, and it might play a role in the erosion of the icy component of the cores of gas giants as H(2)O comes into contact with hydrogen. Metallization of H(2)O is predicted at a higher pressure of just over 6 TPa, and therefore H(2)O does not have a thermodynamically stable low-temperature metallic form. We have also found a new and rich mineralogy of complicated water ice phases that are more stable in the pressure range 0.8-2 TPa than any predicted previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Pickard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Martinez-Canales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Needs
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Bowman RW, Gibson GM, Padgett MJ, Saglimbeni F, Di Leonardo R. Optical trapping at gigapascal pressures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:095902. [PMID: 23496726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diamond anvil cells allow the behavior of materials to be studied at pressures up to hundreds of gigapascals in a small and convenient instrument. However, physical access to the sample is impossible once it is pressurized. We show that optical tweezers can be used to hold and manipulate particles in such a cell, confining micron-sized transparent beads in the focus of a laser beam. Here, we use a modified optical tweezers geometry, allowing us to trap through an objective lens with a higher working distance, overcoming the constraints imposed by the limited angular acceptance of the anvil cell. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique by measuring water's viscosity at pressures of up to 1.3 GPa. In contrast to previous viscosity measurements in anvil cells, our technique measures absolute viscosity and does not require scaling to the accepted value at atmospheric pressure. This method could also measure the frequency dependence of viscosity as well as being sensitive to anisotropy in the medium's viscosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bowman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|