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Wang L, Cao L, Wen C, Li J, Yu G, Liu C. LncRNA LINC00857 regulates lung adenocarcinoma progression, apoptosis and glycolysis by targeting miR-1179/SPAG5 axis. Hum Cell 2019; 33:195-204. [PMID: 31667785 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a member of non-coding RNA family with over 200 nucleotides in length, typically serves as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in tumor progression, such as cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and glycolysis. Recent studies manifested lncRNA LINC00857 was involved in cell cycle regulation of lung cancer. Due to complicated networks in tumorigenesis, the potential roles of LINC00857 underlying lung cancer progression still need further investigation. In this study, we explored the expression of LINC00857 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and LUAD cell lines and found a dramatical upregulation of LINC00857 compared with the adjacent normal lung tissues and BEAS-2B cell line, respectively. Then, LINC00857 knockdown led to the cell proliferation and glycolysis was repressed, while the apoptosis was elevated in LUAD cell lines. Furthermore, we identified a direct interaction between LINC00857 and miR-1179 in LUAD cells using bioinformatic method and report assay. Finally, we evidenced LINC00857 promoted cell growth and glycolysis and repressed apoptosis via sponging miR-1179 and further regulating sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) expression in LUAD cell lines. Hence, our results authenticated that lncRNA LINC00857 regulated the cell proliferation, glycolysis and apoptosis of LUAD cells mainly through targeting the miR-1179/SPAG5 axis, which might be a novel insight into lung cancer progression and provided a potential target for clinical treatment of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Liqiang Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Chunxia Wen
- Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Chengying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, China.
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52
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Ma B, Huang Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Zhou B, Wu J. Integrative analysis of genetic and epigenetic profiling of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients to identify smoking level relevant biomarkers. BioData Min 2019; 12:18. [PMID: 31641374 PMCID: PMC6802182 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-019-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence and mortality of lung cancer have dramatically decreased during the last decades, yet still approximately 160,000 deaths per year occurred in United States. Smoking intensity, duration, starting age, as well as environmental cofactors including air-pollution, showed strong association with major types of lung cancer. Lung squamous cell carcinoma is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, which represents 25% of the cases. Thus, exploring the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of lung squamous cell carcinoma plays crucial roles in lung cancer clinical diagnosis and therapy. RESULTS In this study, we performed integrative analyses on 299 comparative datasets of RNA-seq and methylation data, collected from 513 lung squamous cell carcinoma cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The data were divided into high and low smoking groups based on smoking intensity (Numbers of packs per year). We identified 1002 significantly up-regulated genes and 534 significantly down-regulated genes, and explored their cellular functions and signaling pathways by bioconductor packages GOseq and KEGG. Global methylation status was analyzed and visualized in circular plot by CIRCOS. RNA-and methylation data were correlatively analyzed, and 24 unique genes were identified, for further investigation of regional CpG sites' interactive patterns by bioconductor package coMET. AIRE, PENK, and SLC6A3 were the top 3 genes in the high and low smoking groups with significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Gene functions and DNA methylation patterns of these 24 genes are important and useful in disclosing the differences of gene expression and methylation profiling caused by different smoking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidong Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhe Jiang Chinese Medicine University affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhe Jiang Chinese Medicine University affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO., LTD., No. 6 Longquan Road, Anhui Chaohu economic develop zone, Hefei, 238014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhe Jiang Chinese Medicine University affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhe Jiang Chinese Medicine University affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaohong Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Wen Zhou Medical University affiliated People’s Hospital, Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province People’s Republic of China
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Kumar P, Khadirnaikar S, Shukla SK. A novel LncRNA-based prognostic score reveals TP53-dependent subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with poor survival. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16021-16031. [PMID: 30740686 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic signatures play an essential role in the era of personalised therapy for cancer patients including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA), a relatively novel class of RNA, has shown to play a crucial role in all the areas of cancer biology. Here, we developed and validated a robust LncRNA-based prognostic signature for LUAD patients using three different cohorts. In the discovery cohort, four LncRNAs were identified with 10% false discovery rate and a hazard ratio of >10 using univariate Cox regression analysis. A risk score, generated from the four LncRNAs' expression, was found to be a significant predictor of survival in the discovery and validation cohort (p = 9.97 × 10 -8 and 1.41 × 10 -3 , respectively). Further optimisation of four LncRNAs signature in the validation cohort, generated a three LncRNAs prognostic score (LPS), which was found to be an independent predictor of survival in both the cohorts ( p = 1.00 × 10 -6 and 7.27 × 10 -4 , respectively). The LPS also significantly divided survival in clinically important subsets, including Stage I ( p = 9.00 × 10 -4 and 4.40 × 10 -2 , respectively), KRAS wild-type (WT), KRAS mutant ( p = 4.00 × 10 -3 and 4.30 × 10 -2 , respectively) and EGFR WT ( p = 2.00 × 10 -4 ). In multivariate analysis LPS outperformed, eight previous prognosticators. Further, individual members of LPS showed a significant correlation with survival in microarray data sets. Mutation analysis showed that high-LPS patients have a higher mutation rate and inactivation of the TP53 pathway. In summary, we identified and validated a novel LncRNA signature LPS for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Khadirnaikar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Jonna S, Feldman RA, Swensen J, Gatalica Z, Korn WM, Borghaei H, Ma PC, Nieva JJ, Spira AI, Vanderwalde AM, Wozniak AJ, Kim ES, Liu SV. Detection of NRG1 Gene Fusions in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4966-4972. [PMID: 30988082 PMCID: PMC7470623 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NRG1 gene fusions are rare but potentially actionable oncogenic drivers that are present in some solid tumors. Details regarding the incidence of these gene rearrangements are lacking. Here, we assessed the incidence of NRG1 fusions across multiple tumor types and described fusion partners. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor specimens submitted for molecular profiling at a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified genomics laboratory and that underwent fusion testing by anchored multiplex PCR for targeted RNA sequencing were retrospectively identified. The overall and tumor-specific incidence was noted, as was the specific fusion partner. RESULTS Out of 21,858 tumor specimens profiled from September 2015 to December 2018, 41 cases (0.2%) harbored an NRG1 fusion. Multiple fusion partners were identified. Fusion events were seen across tumor types. The greatest incidence was in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 25), though this represented only 0.3% of NSCLC cases tested. Other tumor types harboring an NRG1 fusion included gallbladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, sarcoma, and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS NRG1 fusions can be detected at a low incidence across multiple tumor types with significant heterogeneity in fusion partner.See related commentary by Dimou and Camidge, p. 4865.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick C Ma
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jorge J Nieva
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Edward S Kim
- Atrium Healthcare, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
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55
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Nagasaka M, Ou SHI. Neuregulin 1 Fusion–Positive NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1354-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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56
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Calses PC, Crawford JJ, Lill JR, Dey A. Hippo Pathway in Cancer: Aberrant Regulation and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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57
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PILAR1, a novel prognostic LncRNA, reveals the presence of a unique subtype of lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1 mutations. Gene 2019; 691:167-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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58
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Navarro A, Moises J, Santasusagna S, Marrades RM, Viñolas N, Castellano JJ, Canals J, Muñoz C, Ramírez J, Molins L, Monzo M. Clinical significance of long non-coding RNA HOTTIP in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:55. [PMID: 30819158 PMCID: PMC6393998 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HOTTIP, a long non-coding RNA located in the HOXA cluster, plays a role in the patterning of tissues with mesodermal components, including the lung. Overexpression of HOXA genes, including HOTTIP, has been associated with a more aggressive phenotype in several cancers. However, the prognostic impact of HOTTIP has not yet been explored in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have correlated HOTTIP expression with time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) in early-stage NSCLC patients. Methods Ninety-nine early-stage NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection in our center from June 2007 to November 2013 were included in the study. Mean age was 66; 77.8% were males; 73.7% had stage I disease; and 55.5% had adenocarcinoma. A validation data set comprised stage I-II patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. Results HOTTIP was expressed in all tumor samples and was overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.007) and in smokers (p = 0.018). Patients with high levels of HOTTIP had shorter TTR (78.3 vs 58 months; p = 0.048) and shorter OS (81.2 vs 61 months; p = 0.023) than those with low levels. In the multivariate analysis, HOTTIP emerged as an independent prognostic marker for TTR (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1–4.2; p = 0.05), and for OS (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.04–5.1; p = 0.04). HOTTIP was validated as a prognostic marker for OS in the TCGA adenocarcinoma cohort (p = 0.025). Moreover, we identified a 1203-mRNA and a 61-miRNA signature that correlated with HOTTIP expression. Conclusions The lncRNA HOTTIP can be considered a prognostic biomarker in early-stage NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-019-0816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Moises
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Santasusagna
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Marrades
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Viñolas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clínic Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Castellano
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Canals
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramírez
- Department of Pathology, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laureano Molins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Clínic de Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Monzo
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
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Lu S. Development of treatment options for Chinese patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer: focus on afatinib. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1521-1538. [PMID: 30863118 PMCID: PMC6390854 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China, and approximately one third of these cancers are squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung. Ethnic diversity and country-specific environmental factors can account for interindividual variations in response to and tolerability of anticancer therapies. Although several targeted therapies have recently been approved for patients with relapsed/refractory SqCC of the lung, only afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, has data of Chinese patients. In the Phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial, afatinib demonstrated a significant clinical benefit vs the reversible first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in both the overall population and the Chinese subset, with a manageable safety profile. Emerging biomarker data from LUX-Lung 8 suggest that patients with ErbB mutations, especially ErbB2, and those classified as “good” in the VeriStrat® proteomic test, may benefit from afatinib treatment in particular, regardless of ethnicity, and may get a long-term response. In conclusion, afatinib is a valid second-line option for Chinese patients with SqCC of the lung, and specific biomarkers may help guide in treatment decision-making. Ongoing studies will provide further guidance on afatinib’s place in the treatment algorithm, alongside the other novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,
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60
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Han SM, Ryu HM, Suh J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Choi S, Kim YL, Huh JY, Ha H. Network-based integrated analysis of omics data reveal novel players of TGF-β1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30728376 PMCID: PMC6365569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with progressive fibrosis of the peritoneum. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells is an important mechanism involved in peritoneal fibrosis, and TGF-β1 is considered central in this process. However, targeting currently known TGF-β1-associated pathways has not proven effective to date. Therefore, there are still gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-associated EMT and peritoneal fibrosis. We conducted network-based integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to systemically characterize the molecular signature of TGF-β1-stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). To increase the power of the data, multiple expression datasets of TGF-β1-stimulated human cells were employed, and extended based on a human functional gene network. Dense network sub-modules enriched with differentially expressed genes by TGF-β1 stimulation were prioritized and genes of interest were selected for functional analysis in HPMCs. Through integrated analysis, ECM constituents and oxidative stress-related genes were shown to be the top-ranked genes as expected. Among top-ranked sub-modules, TNFAIP6, ZC3H12A, and NNT were validated in HPMCs to be involved in regulation of E-cadherin, ZO-1, fibronectin, and αSMA expression. The present data shows the validity of network-based integrated analysis in discovery of novel players in TGF-β1-induced EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells, which may serve as new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Suh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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61
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Rhyasen GW, Yao Y, Zhang J, Dulak A, Castriotta L, Jacques K, Zhao W, Gharahdaghi F, Hattersley MM, Lyne PD, Clark E, Zinda M, Fawell SE, Mills GB, Chen H. BRD4 amplification facilitates an oncogenic gene expression program in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and confers sensitivity to BET inhibitors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200826. [PMID: 30036377 PMCID: PMC6056044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD4 is a transcriptional co-activator functioning to recruit regulatory complexes to acetylated chromatin. A subset of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) patients are typified by focal, recurrent BRD4 gene amplifications. Despite previously described cancer dependencies, it is unclear whether BRD4 amplification events are oncogenic in HGSOC. We find that physiologically relevant levels of expression of BRD4 isoforms in non-transformed ovarian cells result in cellular transformation. Transcriptional profiling of BRD4-transformed ovarian cells, and BRD4-amplified HGSOC patient samples revealed shared expression patterns, including enriched MYC, and E2F1 gene signatures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a novel BET inhibitor, AZD5153, is highly active in BRD4-amplified patient derived xenografts and uncover Neuregulin-1 as a novel BRD4 effector. Experiments involving Neuregulin-1 inhibition and exogenous addition, demonstrate Neuregulin-1 as necessary and sufficient for BRD4-mediated transformation. This study demonstrates the oncogenic potential of BRD4 amplification in cancer and establishes BRD4-amplified HGSOC as a potential patient population that could benefit from BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. Rhyasen
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi Yao
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Austin Dulak
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lillian Castriotta
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Jacques
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Farzin Gharahdaghi
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maureen M. Hattersley
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Lyne
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edwin Clark
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Zinda
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen E. Fawell
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huawei Chen
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Shimizu R, Tanaka M, Tsutsumi S, Aburatani H, Yamazaki Y, Homme M, Kitagawa Y, Nakamura T. EWS-FLI1 regulates a transcriptional program in cooperation with Foxq1 in mouse Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2907-2918. [PMID: 29945296 PMCID: PMC6125457 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EWS-FLI1 constitutes an oncogenic transcription factor that plays key roles in Ewing sarcoma development and maintenance. We have recently succeeded in generating an ex vivo mouse model for Ewing sarcoma by introducing EWS-FLI1 into embryonic osteochondrogenic progenitors. The model well recapitulates the biological characteristics, small round cell morphology, and gene expression profiles of human Ewing sarcoma. Here, we clarified the global DNA binding properties of EWS-FLI1 in mouse Ewing sarcoma. GGAA microsatellites were found to serve as binding sites of EWS-FLI1 albeit with less frequency than that in human Ewing sarcoma; moreover, genomic distribution was not conserved between human and mouse. Nevertheless, EWS-FLI1 binding sites within GGAA microsatellites were frequently associated with the histone H3K27Ac enhancer mark, suggesting that EWS-FLI1 could affect global gene expression by binding its target sites. In particular, the Fox transcription factor binding motif was frequently observed within EWS-FLI1 peaks and Foxq1 was identified as the cooperative partner that interacts with the EWS portion of EWS-FLI1. Trib1 and Nrg1 were demonstrated as target genes that are co-regulated by EWS-FLI1 and Foxq1, and are important for cell proliferation and survival of Ewing sarcoma. Collectively, our findings present novel aspects of EWS-FLI1 function as well as the importance of GGAA microsatellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuka Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Yamazaki
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Homme
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Jacob W, James I, Hasmann M, Weisser M. Clinical development of HER3-targeting monoclonal antibodies: Perils and progress. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 68:111-123. [PMID: 29944978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and HER4. They are part of a complex signalling network and stimulate intracellular pathways regulating cell growth and differentiation. So far, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2 have been developed and approved. Recently, focus has turned to HER3 as it may play an important role in resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeting therapies. HER3-targeting agents have been undergoing clinical evaluation for the last 10 years and currently thirteen mAbs are in phase 1 or 2 clinical studies. Single agent activity has proven to be limited, however, the tolerability was favourable. Thus, combinations of HER3-binding mAbs with other HER-targeting therapies or chemotherapies have been pursued in various solid tumor entities. Data indicate that the HER3-binding ligand heregulin may serve as a response prediction marker for HER3-targeting therapy. Within this review the current status of clinical development of HER3-targeting compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jacob
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Ian James
- A4P Consulting Ltd, Discovery Park, Sandwich, UK
| | - Max Hasmann
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Weisser
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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64
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Wang Y, Ning Z, Zhou X, Yang Z, Tang H, Xu M, Wang X, Zhao J, Bai Y. Neuregulin1 acts as a suppressor in human lung adenocarcinoma via AKT and ERK1/2 pathway. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3166-3179. [PMID: 30069312 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuregulin1 (NRG1) is critical signaling protein that mediates the activation of downstream signaling pathways associated with malignancies. Multiple gene fusions related to NRG1 have been found in lung cancer. However, the underlying role NRG1 in lung cancer is yet unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the biological functions on human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods The expression of NRG1 was detected in LUAD tissues by Western blot (WB), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of NRG1 was upregulated by the addition of exogenous NRG1 and downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the biological behaviors of LUAD cells were assessed: cell proliferation by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis, and migration and invasion using Transwell system. Finally, the pathway underlying the cellular function was analyzed by WB. Results A lower expression of NRG1 was observed in LUAD cancer tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, the addition of exogenous NRG1 reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (P<0.001), while the downregulation of endogenous NRG1 promoted the three kinds of biological behaviors of LUAD cell lines (P<0.001); however, these manifestations did no effect on the distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis status (P>0.05). Furthermore, the deficiency of NRG1 reduced the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT at the protein level (P<0.001). Conclusions The current results suggested that NRG1 might be a suppressor in the development of LUAD, and its function was related to AKT and ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youya Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zetian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hexiao Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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65
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Jones MR, Lim H, Shen Y, Pleasance E, Ch'ng C, Reisle C, Leelakumari S, Zhao C, Yip S, Ho J, Zhong E, Ng T, Ionescu D, Schaeffer DF, Mungall AJ, Mungall KL, Zhao Y, Moore RA, Ma Y, Chia S, Ho C, Renouf DJ, Gelmon K, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Laskin J. Successful targeting of the NRG1 pathway indicates novel treatment strategy for metastatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:3092-3097. [PMID: 28950338 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NRG1 fusion-positive lung cancers have emerged as potentially actionable events in lung cancer, but clinical support is currently limited and no evidence of efficacy of this approach in cancers beyond lung has been shown. Patients and methods Here, we describe two patients with advanced cancers refractory to standard therapies. Patient 1 had lung adenocarcinoma and patient 2 cholangiocarcinoma. Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing were carried out for these cases with select findings validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results Both tumors were found to be positive for NRG1 gene fusions. In patient 1, an SDC4-NRG1 gene fusion was detected, similar gene fusions having been described in lung cancers previously. In patient 2, a novel ATP1B1-NRG1 gene fusion was detected. Cholangiocarcinoma is not a disease type in which NRG1 fusions had been described previously. Integrative genome analysis was used to assess the potential functional significance of the detected genomic events including the gene fusions, prioritizing therapeutic strategies targeting the HER-family of growth factor receptors. Both patients were treated with the pan HER-family kinase inhibitor afatinib and both displayed significant and durable response to treatment. Upon progression sites of disease were sequenced. The lack of obvious genomic events to describe the disease progression indicated that broad transcriptomic or epigenetic mechanisms could be attributed to the lack of prolonged response to afatinib. Conclusion These observations lend further support to the use of pan HER-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of NRG1 fusion-positive in both cancers of lung and hepatocellular origin and indicate more broadly that cancers found to be NRG1 fusion-positive may benefit from such a clinical approach regardless of their site of origin. Clinical trial information Personalized Oncogenomics (POG) Program of British Columbia: Utilization of Genomic Analysis to Better Understand Tumour Heterogeneity and Evolution (NCT02155621).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - H Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - Y Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - E Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - C Ch'ng
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - C Reisle
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | | | - C Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - S Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver
| | - J Ho
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver
| | - E Zhong
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver
| | - T Ng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver
| | - D Ionescu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - D F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver
| | - A J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - K L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - Y Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - R A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - Y Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
| | - S Chia
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - C Ho
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - D J Renouf
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - K Gelmon
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
| | - S J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - J Laskin
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver
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66
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Earp MA, Raghavan R, Li Q, Dai J, Winham SJ, Cunningham JM, Natanzon Y, Kalli KR, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Lawrenson K, Gayther SA, Wang C, Goode EL, Fridley BL. Characterization of fusion genes in common and rare epithelial ovarian cancer histologic subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46891-46899. [PMID: 28423358 PMCID: PMC5564530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions play a critical role in some cancers and can serve as important clinical targets. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the contribution of fusions, especially by histological type, is unclear. We therefore screened for recurrent fusions in a histologically diverse panel of 220 EOCs using RNA sequencing. The Pipeline for RNA-Sequencing Data Analysis (PRADA) was used to identify fusions and allow for comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) tumors. Associations between fusions and clinical prognosis were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Nine recurrent fusions, defined as occurring in two or more tumors, were observed. CRHR1-KANSL1 was the most frequently identified fusion, identified in 6 tumors (2.7% of all tumors). This fusion was not associated with survival; other recurrent fusions were too rare to warrant survival analyses. One recurrent in-frame fusion, UBAP1-TGM7, was unique to clear cell (CC) EOC tumors (in 10%, or 2 of 20 CC tumors). We found some evidence that CC tumors harbor more fusions on average than any other EOC histological type, including high-grade serous (HGS) tumors. CC tumors harbored a mean of 7.4 fusions (standard deviation [sd] = 7.4, N = 20), compared to HGS EOC tumors mean of 2.0 fusions (sd = 3.3, N = 141). Few fusion genes were detected in endometrioid tumors (mean = 0.24, sd = 0.74, N = 55) or mucinous tumors (mean = 0.25, sd = 0.5, N = 4) tumors. To conclude, we identify one fusion at 10% frequency in the CC EOC subtype, but find little evidence for common (> 5% frequency) recurrent fusion genes in EOC overall, or in HGS subtype-specific EOC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene A Earp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Junqiang Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yanina Natanzon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Translational Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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67
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Su W, Feng S, Chen X, Yang X, Mao R, Guo C, Wang Z, Thomas DG, Lin J, Reddy RM, Orringer MB, Chang AC, Yang Z, Beer DG, Chen G. Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA MIR22HG Triggers Cell Survival/Death Signaling via Oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21 in Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3207-3219. [PMID: 29669758 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIR22HG has previously been identified as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression profiles from RNA-Seq data and report that MIR22HG plays a similar role in lung cancer. Analysis of 918 lung cancer and normal lung tissues and lung cancer cell lines revealed that MIR22HG was significantly downregulated in lung cancer; this decreased expression was associated with poor patient survival. MIR22HG bound and stabilized the YBX1 protein. Silencing of MIR22HG triggered both cell survival and cell death signaling through dysregulation of the oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21. In this MIR22HG network, p21 played an oncogenic role by promoting cell proliferation and antiapoptosis in lung cancers. MIR22HG played a tumor-suppressive role as indicated by inhibition of multiple cell cycle-related genes in human primary lung tumors. These data show that MIR22HG has potential as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker and as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.Significance: The lncRNA MIR22HG functions as a tumor suppressor, with potential use a diagnostic/prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung cancer. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3207-19. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Su
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chunfang Guo
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark B Orringer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhixiong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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MET exon 14 mutations as targets in routine molecular analysis of primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42428-42437. [PMID: 28418914 PMCID: PMC5522077 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MET exon 14 splicing mutations are new targetable oncogenic drivers reported in 3% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and have been shown to be more common in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCs). This study sought to screen mutations affecting MET exon 14 splice sites in a large SC cohort of Caucasian patients, with a large adenocarcinoma cohort as internal control. We tested 81 patients with SC and 150 with adenocarcinoma for splice site DNA mutations leading to RNA splicing-based skipping of MET exon 14. To this end, we employed a mass spectrometry-based custom-designed PCR assay for routine analysis of whole MET exon 14 and flanking intronic regions using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. Our results revealed a 4.9% mutation rate for MET exon 14 mutations in Caucasian SC patients, which is, though highly variable, within the usual range reported in NSCLC. Discrepancies with previous results reported in SC could be accounted for the small number of cases, ethnicity, epithelial component, and percentage of other driver mutations, such as KRAS, in the patient populations studied. Based on our study findings, SC patients should be screened for MET exon 14 mutations in the same manner as adenocarcinoma patients.
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69
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Ren Y, Zhao S, Jiang D, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhou QF, Li Y, Hou H, Xu Y, Zhou F. Proteomic biomarkers for lung cancer progression. Biomark Med 2018; 12:205-215. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC) are two major subtypes of lung cancer and constitute about 70% of all the lung cancer cases. The patient's lifespan and living quality will be significantly improved if they are diagnosed at an early stage and adequately treated. Methods & results: This study comprehensively screened the proteomic dataset of both LUAD and LUSC, and proposed classification models for the progression stages of LUAD and LUSC with accuracies 86.51 and 89.47%, respectively. Discussion & conclusion: A comparative analysis was also carried out on related transcriptomic datasets, which indicates that the proposed biomarkers provide discerning power for accurate stage prediction, and will be improved when larger-scale proteomic quantitative technologies become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ren
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Shishun Zhao
- Center for Applied Statistical Research, College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Center for Applied Statistical Research, College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yexian Zhang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wei
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Wenniu Zhang
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Qing F Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hanxu Hou
- School of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Computer Science & Technology, & Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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70
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Unravelling the Long Non-Coding RNA Profile of Undifferentiated Large Cell Lung Carcinoma. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4010004. [PMID: 29657301 PMCID: PMC5890391 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) accounts for 2.9-9% of total lung cancers. Recently, RNA-seq based studies have revealed major genomic aberrations in LCLC. In this study, we aim to identify long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) expression pattern specific to LCLC. The RNA-seq profile of LCLC and other non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed. Using 10 LCLC samples, we found that 18% of all the annotated LncRNAs are expressed in LCLC samples. Among 1794 expressed LncRNAs, 11 were overexpressed and 14 were downregulated in LCLC compared to normal samples. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we showed that the top five differentially expressed LncRNAs were able to differentiate between LCLC and normal samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Guilt by association analysis using genes correlating with differentially expressed LncRNAs identified several cancer-associated pathways, suggesting the role of these deregulated LncRNA in LCLC biology. We also identified the LncRNA differentially expressed in LCLC compared to lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and Lung-adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We found that LCLC sample showed more deregulated LncRNA in LUSC than LUAD. Interestingly, LCLC had more downregulated LncRNA compared to LUAD and LUSC. Our study provides novel insight into LncRNA deregulation in LCLC. This study also finds tools to diagnose LCLC and differentiate LCLC with other Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
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71
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Sharif AA, Hergovich A. The NDR/LATS protein kinases in immunology and cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumar-Sinha C, Chinnaiyan AM. Precision oncology in the age of integrative genomics. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:46-60. [PMID: 29319699 PMCID: PMC6364676 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision oncology applies genomic and other molecular analyses of tumor biopsies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In addition to identifying therapeutic options, precision oncology tracks the response of a tumor to an intervention at the molecular level and detects drug resistance and the mechanisms by which it occurs. Integrative genomics can include sequencing specific panels of genes, exomes, or the entire triad of the patient's germline, tumor exome, and tumor transcriptome. Although the capabilities of sequencing technologies continue to improve, widespread adoption of genomics-driven precision oncology in the clinic has been held back by logistical, regulatory, financial, and ethical considerations. Nevertheless, integrative clinical sequencing programs applied at the point of care have the potential to improve the clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,
University of Michigan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan
Medical School
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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73
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Muscarella LA, Rossi A. NRG1: a cinderella fusion in lung cancer? Lung Cancer Manag 2018; 6:121-123. [PMID: 30643577 DOI: 10.2217/lmt-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research & Health Care (IRCCS) 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.,Laboratory of Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research & Health Care (IRCCS) 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research & Health Care (IRCCS), Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research & Health Care (IRCCS), Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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74
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Trombetta D, Graziano P, Scarpa A, Sparaneo A, Rossi G, Rossi A, Di Maio M, Antonello D, Mafficini A, Fabrizio FP, Manzorra MC, Balsamo T, Centra F, Simbolo M, Pantalone A, Notarangelo M, Parente P, Lucia Dimitri MC, Bonfitto A, Fiordelisi F, Storlazzi CT, L'Abbate A, Taurchini M, Maiello E, Fazio VM, Muscarella LA. Frequent NRG1 fusions in Caucasian pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma predicted by Phospho-ErbB3 expression. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515761 PMCID: PMC5839392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NRG1 fusions were recently reported as a new molecular feature of Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung. The NRG1 chimeric ligand acts as a strong inductor of phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity of the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer, thus enhancing the PI3K–AKT/MAPK pathways. The NRG1 fusions were widely investigated in Asian IMA cohorts, whereas just anecdotal information are available about the occurrence of NRG1 fusions in IMA Caucasian population. Here we firstly explored a large Caucasian cohort of 51 IMAs and 34 non-IMA cases for the occurrence of NRG1 rearrangements by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RNA target sequencing. FISH results were correlated to the immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated-ErbB3 (pErbB3) receptor and the mutational status of KRAS, EGFR and ALK genes. The NRG1 rearrangements were detected in 31% IMAs and 3% non-IMAs and the CD74-NRG1 fusion transcript variant was characterized in 4 NRG1-positive IMAs. Moreover, pErbB3 expression was found to be strictly associated to the mucinous pattern (p = 0.012, Chi-square test) and all IMA cases showing aberrant expression of pErbB3 demonstrated NRG1 rearrangements. No significant correlation between NRG1 rearrangements and EGFR, KRAS or ALK mutations respectively, was observed. We report for the first time that NRG1 fusions are driver alterations clearly associated with mucinous lung adenocarcinoma subtype of Caucasian patients and not exclusive of Asiatic population. pErbB3 immunostaining may represent a strong predictor of NRG1 fusions, pointing out the detection of pErbB3 by IHC as a rapid and effective pre-screening method to select the NRG1-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Trombetta
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Regional Hospital Umberto Parini, Aosta, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, A. O. Ordine Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Antonello
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Carmina Manzorra
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Balsamo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Flavia Centra
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Pantalone
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bonfitto
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Fiordelisi
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto L'Abbate
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Taurchini
- Unit of Thoracic-Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Department, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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Hu Q, Masuda T, Sato K, Tobo T, Nambara S, Kidogami S, Hayashi N, Kuroda Y, Ito S, Eguchi H, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y, Mimori K. Identification of ARL4C as a Peritoneal Dissemination-Associated Gene and Its Clinical Significance in Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 25:745-753. [PMID: 29270876 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC), peritoneal dissemination (PD) occurs frequently and is incurable. In this study, we aimed to identify PD-associated genes in GC. METHODS We identified a PD-associated gene using three GC datasets: highly disseminated peritoneal GC cell lines, the Singapore dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We assessed the clinicopathological significance of the gene expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and performed immunohistochemical analysis for the gene in our patient cohort. We also performed survival analyses of the gene in our patient cohort, the Singapore dataset and the GSE62254 datasets. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the Singapore and TCGA datasets. Finally, in vitro experiments such as invasion/migration assays, immunofluorescence staining of actin filaments, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment analysis, and gene expression analysis were conducted using three gene-knockdown GC cell lines (AGS, 58As9, MKN45). RESULTS ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4c (ARL4C) was identified as a PD-associated gene, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that ARL4C was overexpressed in GC cells. High ARL4C expression was associated with the depth of invasion (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.05) and was a poor prognostic factor (p < 0.05) in our patient cohort, the Singapore dataset and the GSE62254 dataset. ARL4C expression positively correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene set in GSEA. Moreover, ARL4C knockdown reduced invasion/migration capacity, SLUG expression, and the formation of lamellipodia or filopodia in AGS and 58As9 cells. Finally, EGF treatment increased ARL4C expression in MKN45 cells. CONCLUSIONS ARL4C was associated with PD and was a poor prognostic factor in GC, possibly through promoting invasive capacity by activation of both EMT and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Hu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Taro Tobo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Sho Nambara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shinya Kidogami
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.
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76
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Wang L, He Y, Liu W, Bai S, Xiao L, Zhang J, Dhanasekaran SM, Wang Z, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Balbin OA, Shukla S, Lu Y, Lin J, Reddy RM, Carrott PW, Lynch WR, Chang AC, Chinnaiyan AM, Beer DG, Zhang J, Chen G. Non-coding RNA LINC00857 is predictive of poor patient survival and promotes tumor progression via cell cycle regulation in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11487-99. [PMID: 26862852 PMCID: PMC4905488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed next generation RNA sequencing analysis to reveal dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer utilizing 461 lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and 156 normal lung tissues from 3 separate institutions. We identified 281 lncRNAs with significant differential-expression between LUAD and normal lung tissue. LINC00857, a top deregulated lncRNAs, was overexpressed in tumors and significantly associated with poor survival in LUAD. knockdown of LINC00857 with siRNAs decreased tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Overexpression of LINC00857 increased cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Mechanistic analyses indicated that LINC00857 mediates tumor progression via cell cycle regulation. Our study highlights the diagnostic/prognostic potential of LINC00857 in LUAD besides delineating the functional and mechanistic aspects of its aberrant disease specific expression and potentially using as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yanli He
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shengbin Bai
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.,Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - O Alejandro Balbin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yi Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Philip W Carrott
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William R Lynch
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Abstract
Lung cancer treatment has considerably changed over the last few years: the identification of druggable oncogenic alterations and innovative immunotherapic approaches granted lung cancer patients the possibility of more efficient and less toxic therapeutic options than chemotherapy. Nowadays, lung squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) patients have the chance to benefit from novel treatment alternatives, including immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic agents and, given positive trial results, from afatinib, a second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that irreversibly antagonizes ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptors. Considering the role of the ErbB-signaling cascade in lung SqCC, it is relevant to note that ErbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) is overexpressed in 85% of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), particularly in patients with squamous histology, and is associated with poor prognosis. For this reason, EGFR activity has been investigated as a therapeutic strategy in lung SqCC. Even taking into account statistically positive trial results, anti-EGFR approach still remains controversial in unselected/wild-type EGFR lung SqCC patients, as well as the optimal timing and sequencing of all available targeted therapies considering the approval of immunotherapeutic agents. This review analyzes current data about EGFR inhibition in lung SqCC with a specific focus on afatinib in order to elucidate available clinical evidence supporting EGFR targeting in this setting as well as a future management of advanced lung SqCCs in the context of new emerging immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vavalà
- ASL CN1, SC Oncologia, Ospedale Civile di Saluzzo, Saluzzo, Cuneo, Italy
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78
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Cobo M, Gutiérrez V, Rodelo L, López O, Ruiz M, Godoy A. [Afatinib in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: current context and the option of oral treatment]. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 146 Suppl 1:25-9. [PMID: 27426245 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(16)30260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung represents 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Docetaxel and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib, are the only two drugs approved for second-line treatment of advanced SCC. The sensitivity of SCC to TKIs can be explained by EGFR overexpression. Erlotinib demonstrated a significant benefit in terms of overall survival (OS) in successive lines in NSCLC, including squamous histology. The magnitude of this benefit is similar to that of chemotherapy. Afatinib is an irreversible inhibitor of the entire ErbB family (EGFR, HER2-4) that has recently been approved for its current indication, advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and has well-defined and manageable toxicity, mainly gastrointestinal and cutaneous. The LUX-Lung 8 study was a phase III randomized trial in patients with NSCLC with squamous histology that compared erlotinib versus afatinib as second-line treatment. A total of 795 patients were included and a significant benefit was observed for afatinib in progression-free survival (2.7 vs 1.9 months (HR 0.79 [95%CI 0.68-0.91]; p=0.0012) and in OS (7.9 vs 6.8 months (HR 0.81 [95%CI 0.69-0.95]; p=0.0077), as well as a significant improvement in OS at 12 and 18 months. More diarrhoea and stomatitis was observed with afatinib and more rash with erlotinib, but the overall proportion of toxicity was similar in each group. Afatinib offered better results in quality of life. In summary, afatinib is a second-line treatment option in squamous NSCLC based on its survival advantage over erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cobo
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
| | - Vanesa Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Luis Rodelo
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Omar López
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - María Ruiz
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Ana Godoy
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
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Zhang Q, Zheng X, Sun Q, Shi R, Wang J, Zhu B, Xu L, Zhang G, Ren B. ZNF692 promotes proliferation and cell mobility in lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1189-1196. [PMID: 28669730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we discovered that the zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692) were over-expressed in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). In this study, we investigated the function of ZNF692 in the progression of LUAD. We found that ZNF692 knockdown inhibited LUAD cells proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. And LUAD cell apoptosis was induced following the down-regulation of ZNF692. Our results show that ZNF692 is over-expressed in LUAD tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and hyper-expression of ZNF692 in LUAD is an independent risk factor for worse overall survival in LUAD patients (HR: 8.800, 95%CI: 1.082-71.560, P = 0.042) by Tissue Microarray stain assay (TMA). GO analysis indicated that most genes were enriched in metabolic process which were associated highly with ZNF692 levels. Collectively, our results suggested that ZNF692 may serve as a potential oncogene and biomarker in LUAD by influencing cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Run Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Biqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Binhui Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Institute Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) #162200) is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumour predisposition syndrome. Heritable constitutional mutations in the NF1 gene result in dysregulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway and are causative of NF1. The major known function of the NF1 gene product neurofibromin is to downregulate RAS. NF1 exhibits variable clinical expression and is characterized by benign cutaneous lesions including neurofibromas and café-au-lait macules, as well as a predisposition to various types of malignancy, such as breast cancer and leukaemia. However, acquired somatic mutations in NF1 are also found in a wide variety of malignant neoplasms that are not associated with NF1. Main body Capitalizing upon the availability of next-generation sequencing data from cancer genomes and exomes, we review current knowledge of somatic NF1 mutations in a wide variety of tumours occurring at a number of different sites: breast, colorectum, urothelium, lung, ovary, skin, brain and neuroendocrine tissues, as well as leukaemias, in an attempt to understand their broader role and significance, and with a view ultimately to exploiting this in a diagnostic and therapeutic context. Conclusion As neurofibromin activity is a key to regulating the RAS/MAPK pathway, NF1 mutations are important in the acquisition of drug resistance, to BRAF, EGFR inhibitors, tamoxifen and retinoic acid in melanoma, lung and breast cancers and neuroblastoma. Other curiosities are observed, such as a high rate of somatic NF1 mutation in cutaneous melanoma, lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma and glioblastoma which are not usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Somatic NF1 mutations may be critical drivers in multiple cancers. The mutational landscape of somatic NF1 mutations should provide novel insights into our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer. The identification of high frequency of somatic NF1 mutations in sporadic tumours indicates that neurofibromin is likely to play a critical role in development, far beyond that evident in the tumour predisposition syndrome NF1.
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81
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Bush SJ, McCulloch MEB, Summers KM, Hume DA, Clark EL. Integration of quantitated expression estimates from polyA-selected and rRNA-depleted RNA-seq libraries. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:301. [PMID: 28610557 PMCID: PMC5470212 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of fast alignment-free algorithms has greatly reduced the computational burden of RNA-seq processing, especially for relatively poorly assembled genomes. Using these approaches, previous RNA-seq datasets could potentially be processed and integrated with newly sequenced libraries. Confounding factors in such integration include sequencing depth and methods of RNA extraction and selection. Different selection methods (typically, either polyA-selection or rRNA-depletion) omit different RNAs, resulting in different fractions of the transcriptome being sequenced. In particular, rRNA-depleted libraries sample a broader fraction of the transcriptome than polyA-selected libraries. This study aimed to develop a systematic means of accounting for library type that allows data from these two methods to be compared. RESULTS The method was developed by comparing two RNA-seq datasets from ovine macrophages, identical except for RNA selection method. Gene-level expression estimates were obtained using a two-part process centred on the high-speed transcript quantification tool Kallisto. Firstly, a set of reference transcripts was defined that constitute a standardised RNA space, with expression from both datasets quantified against it. Secondly, a simple ratio-based correction was applied to the rRNA-depleted estimates. The outcome is an almost perfect correlation between gene expression estimates, independent of library type and across the full range of levels of expression. CONCLUSION A combination of reference transcriptome filtering and a ratio-based correction can create equivalent expression profiles from both polyA-selected and rRNA-depleted libraries. This approach will allow meta-analysis and integration of existing RNA-seq data into transcriptional atlas projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Bush
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Mary E. B. McCulloch
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Kim M. Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - David A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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Feng S, Zhang J, Su W, Bai S, Xiao L, Chen X, Lin J, Reddy RM, Chang AC, Beer DG, Chen G. Overexpression of LINC00152 correlates with poor patient survival and knockdown impairs cell proliferation in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2982. [PMID: 28592840 PMCID: PMC5462773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed RNA sequencing analysis to reveal dysregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer utilizing 461 lung adenocarcinomas and 156 normal lung tissues from 3 separate cohorts. We found that LINC00152 was highly overexpressed in lung tumors as compared to their adjacent normal tissues. Patients with high LINC00152 expression demonstrate a significantly poorer survival than those with low expression. We verified the diagnostic/prognostic potential of LINC00152 expression in an independent cohort of lung tumor tissues using quantitative RT-PCR. After knockdown of LINC00152 using siRNAs in lung cancer cell lines, both cell proliferation and colony formation were decreased. Cell fractionation and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that LINC00152 is found mainly in the cytoplasm. Treatment with Trichostatin A in cell lines having low LINC00152 expression indicated that histone acetylation may be one mechanism underlying LINC00152 overexpression in NSCLC. Western blot analyses indicated that p38a, STAT1, STAT3, CREB1, CCNE1 and c-MYC proteins were decreased after LINC00152 siRNA treatment. Our study indicates LINC00152 plays an important role in lung tumor growth and is potentially a diagnostic/prognostic marker. Further characterization of LINC00152 in regulating its target proteins may provide a novel therapeutic target of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Feng
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenmei Su
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Lei Xiao
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Andersson MK, Afshari MK, Andrén Y, Wick MJ, Stenman G. Targeting the Oncogenic Transcriptional Regulator MYB in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma by Inhibition of IGF1R/AKT Signaling. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3845954. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias K. Andersson
- Affiliations of authors: Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (MKA, MKA, YA, GS); Preclinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX (MJW)
| | - Maryam K. Afshari
- Affiliations of authors: Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (MKA, MKA, YA, GS); Preclinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX (MJW)
| | - Ywonne Andrén
- Affiliations of authors: Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (MKA, MKA, YA, GS); Preclinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX (MJW)
| | - Michael J. Wick
- Affiliations of authors: Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (MKA, MKA, YA, GS); Preclinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX (MJW)
| | - Göran Stenman
- Affiliations of authors: Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (MKA, MKA, YA, GS); Preclinical Research, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX (MJW)
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Le Clorennec C, Bazin H, Dubreuil O, Larbouret C, Ogier C, Lazrek Y, Garambois V, Poul MA, Mondon P, Barret JM, Mathis G, Prost JF, Pèlegrin A, Chardès T. Neuregulin 1 Allosterically Enhances the Antitumor Effects of the Noncompeting Anti-HER3 Antibody 9F7-F11 by Increasing Its Binding to HER3. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1312-1323. [PMID: 28507002 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory clinical trials using therapeutic anti-HER3 antibodies strongly suggest that neuregulin (NRG1; HER3 ligand) expression at tumor sites is a predictive biomarker of anti-HER3 antibody efficacy in cancer. We hypothesized that in NRG1-expressing tumors, where the ligand is present before antibody treatment, anti-HER3 antibodies that do not compete with NRG1 for receptor binding have a higher receptor-neutralizing action than antibodies competing with the ligand for binding to HER3. Using time-resolved-fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET), we demonstrated that in the presence of recombinant NRG1, binding of 9F7-F11 (a nonligand-competing anti-HER3 antibody) to HER3 is increased, whereas that of ligand-competing anti-HER3 antibodies (H4B-121, U3-1287, Ab#6, Mab205.10.2, and MOR09825) is decreased. Moreover, 9F7-F11 showed higher efficacy than antibodies that compete with the ligand for binding to HER3. Specifically, 9F7-F11 inhibition of cell proliferation and of HER3/AKT/ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as 9F7-F11-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were higher in cancer cells preincubated with recombinant NRG1 compared with cells directly exposed to the anti-HER3 antibody. This translated in vivo into enhanced growth inhibition of NRG1-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic, A549 lung, and HCC-1806 breast cell tumor xenografts in mice treated with 9F7-F11 compared with H4B-121. Conversely, both antibodies had similar antitumor effect in NRG1-negative HPAC pancreatic carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the allosteric modulator 9F7-F11 shows increased anticancer effectiveness in the presence of NRG1 and thus represents a novel treatment strategy for NRG1-addicted tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1312-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Le Clorennec
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christel Larbouret
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | - Charline Ogier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | - Yassamine Lazrek
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Alix Poul
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, France
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85
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Gadgeel S, Goss G, Soria JC, Felip E, Georgoulias V, Lu S, Cobo M, Syrigos K, Lee KH, Göker E, Guclu SZ, Isla D, Morabito A, Dupuis N, Bühnemann C, Krämer N, Solca F, Ehrnrooth E, Ardizzoni A. Evaluation of the VeriStrat ® serum protein test in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated with second-line afatinib or erlotinib in the phase III LUX-Lung 8 study. Lung Cancer 2017; 109:101-108. [PMID: 28577938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identification of biomarkers associated with clinical benefit may be crucial in establishing optimal treatment choice for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung after first-line chemotherapy. In this study, the ability of the VeriStrat serum protein test to predict differential clinical benefit with afatinib versus erlotinib, and the association of VeriStrat status with clinical outcomes irrespective of EGFR-TKI used, was assessed in a retrospective analysis of the phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment plasma samples were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Spectra were evaluated to assign a VeriStrat 'Good' (VS-G) or VeriStrat 'Poor' (VS-P) classification. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and other endpoints were assessed with respect to pretreatment VeriStrat status; OS was the primary efficacy variable. Outcomes with other efficacy endpoints were similar. RESULTS Of 795 patients randomized in LUX-Lung 8, 675 were classified (VS-G: 412; VS-P: 263). In the VS-G group, OS was significantly longer with afatinib versus erlotinib (HR 0.79 [95% CI: 0.63-0.98]). In the VS-P group, there was no significant difference in OS between afatinib and erlotinib (HR 0.90 [0.70-1.16]). However, there was no interaction between VeriStrat classification and treatment group for OS (pinteraction=0.5303). OS was significantly longer in VS-G versus VS-P patients, both in the overall VeriStrat-classified population (HR 0.41 [0.35-0.49]) and afatinib-treated patients (HR 0.40 [0.31-0.51]). Multivariate analysis showed that VeriStrat was an independent predictor of OS in afatinib-treated patients, regardless of ECOG PS or best response to first-line chemotherapy. CONCLUSION VS-G classification is strongly associated with favorable survival outcomes with either afatinib or erlotinib compared with VS-P classification. In VS-G patients, survival outcomes with afatinib are superior to those with erlotinib. VeriStrat classification may guide treatment decisions in patients with SCC of the lung. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01523587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Gadgeel
- Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Glenwood Goss
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and University Paris-Sud, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, Paris, France.
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
| | | | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, China(1).
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Hospital Universitario Málaga Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Athens School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 410 Seongbong-ro, Cheongju 361-711, South Korea.
| | - Erdem Göker
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 35040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Salih Z Guclu
- Izmir Chest Diseases Research Hospital, Dr. Suat Seren Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Gaziler Caddesi No:331 P1 Blok 2.kat, Konak, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Dolores Isla
- University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Bühnemann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Nicole Krämer
- Staburo GmbH, Aschauer Str. 30, 81549 Munich, Germany(2).
| | - Flavio Solca
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Ehrnrooth
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Danmark A/S, Stroedanvej 52, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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86
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Hirsh V. New developments in the treatment of advanced squamous cell lung cancer: focus on afatinib. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2513-2526. [PMID: 28546756 PMCID: PMC5436789 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, few treatment options existed for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung, especially in the second-line setting following platinum-based chemotherapy. Accordingly, outcomes in this subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were generally poor. In this context, the recent availability of the checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, the anti-VEGFR2 antibody ramucirumab (combined with docetaxel), and the ErbB-family blocker afatinib for the treatment of relapsed/refractory SqCC of the lung represent major advances. However, the rapid expansion of the treatment armamentarium invites many questions regarding optimal treatment choice and sequence in individual patients. This review focuses on the biologic rationale and clinical evidence to support the use of afatinib in this treatment setting, highlighting the prominent role of the ErbB-signaling cascade in SqCC tumors. The seminal Phase III LUX-Lung 8 study, on which the approval of afatinib is based, is discussed and contextualized with the emergence of immunotherapies. Finally, criteria are explored that might drive physicians’ treatment decisions when considering the use of afatinib based on individual patient characteristics. Other ongoing developments in the treatment of SqCC of the lung that will lead to further options and welcome improvements in the management of this difficult-to-treat disease are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hirsh
- McGill Department of Oncology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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87
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Kuang P, Chen Z, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang J, Gao J, Shen L. Characterization of Aurora A and Its Impact on the Effect of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:367-377. [PMID: 28431392 PMCID: PMC5397579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Aurora A, as a member of serine/threonine kinase family and a common characteristic of epithelial cancers, plays a critical role in cell mitosis. However, the clinical significance of Aurora A in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains undetermined. METHODS: The expression of Aurora A in NSCLC and paired normal adjacent lung tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine a cutoff score for Aurora A expression in a training set (n = 135). For validation, the ROC-derived cutoff score was subjected to analysis of the association of Aurora A expression with patient outcome and clinicopathological characteristics in a testing set (n = 128) and overall patients (n = 263). The correlation of Aurora A with cisplatin resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was examined in vitro in NSCLC cells by overexpression or knockdown of Aurora A. RESULTS: Aurora A expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared with paired normal tissues (P < .01). The expression of Aurora A was closely associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence and was an independent prognostic parameter in multivariate analysis. High level of Aurora A expression predicted poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in NSCLC patients treated with cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. In vitro data showed that overexpression or knockdown of Aurora A resulted in increased or decreased cellular resistance to cisplatin. Furthermore, inhibition of Aurora A reversed the EMT process. CONCLUSIONS: Aurora A was identified as an inferior prognostic and cisplatin-resistant biomarker in NSCLC patients, which provided potential evidences for therapeutic target and reversing drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - JiaYuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute.
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88
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Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma by molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Surg Today 2017; 48:1-8. [PMID: 28280984 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a cancer treatable using targeted therapies against driver gene aberrations. EGFR mutations and ALK fusions are frequent gene aberrations in LADC, and personalized therapies against those aberrations have become a standard therapy. These targeted therapies have shown significant positive efficacy and tolerable toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy, so it is necessary to identify additional druggable genetic aberrations. Other than EGFR mutations and ALK fusions, mutations in KRAS, HER2, and BRAF, and driver fusions involving RET and ROS1, have also been identified in LADC. Interestingly, the frequency of driver gene aberrations differs according to ethnicity, sex, and smoking, which leads to differences in treatment efficacy. To date, several molecular-targeted drugs against driver genes have been developed, and several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy. However, targeted therapies against driver-gene-negative cases have not yet been well developed. Efforts to identify a new druggable target for such cases are currently underway. Furthermore, immune checkpoint blockade therapy might be effective for driver-negative cases, especially those with accumulated mutations.
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89
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Overexpression of FAM83H-AS1 indicates poor patient survival and knockdown impairs cell proliferation and invasion via MET/EGFR signaling in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42819. [PMID: 28198463 PMCID: PMC5309882 DOI: 10.1038/srep42819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole transcriptome analyses of next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from human cancer samples reveled thousands of uncharacterized non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Recent studies indicated that lncRNAs are emerging as crucial regulators in cancer processes and potentially useful as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. To delineate dysregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from 461 lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and 156 normal lung tissues. FAM83H-AS1, one of the top dysregulated lncRNAs, was found to be overexpressed in tumors relative to normal lung and significantly associated with worse patient survival in LUAD. We verified this diagnostic/prognostic potential in an independent cohort of LUAD by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were decreased after FAM83H-AS1 knockdown using siRNAs in lung cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated the cell cycle was arrested at the G2 phase after FAM83H-AS1 knockdown. Mechanistically, we found that MET/EGFR signaling was regulated by FAM83H-AS1. Our study indicated that FAM83H-AS1 plays an important role in lung tumor progression and may be potentially used as diagnostic/prognostic marker. Further characterization of this lncRNA may provide a novel therapeutic target impacting MET/EGFR signaling.
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90
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Shi J, Hua X, Zhu B, Ravichandran S, Wang M, Nguyen C, Brodie SA, Palleschi A, Alloisio M, Pariscenti G, Jones K, Zhou W, Bouk AJ, Boland J, Hicks B, Risch A, Bennett H, Luke BT, Song L, Duan J, Liu P, Kohno T, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Marconett C, Laird-Offringa I, Mills I, Caporaso NE, Gail MH, Pesatori AC, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA, Chanock SJ, Landi MT. Somatic Genomics and Clinical Features of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002162. [PMID: 27923066 PMCID: PMC5140047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer and has a high risk of distant metastasis at every disease stage. We aimed to characterize the genomic landscape of LUAD and identify mutation signatures associated with tumor progression. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed an integrative genomic analysis, incorporating whole exome sequencing (WES), determination of DNA copy number and DNA methylation, and transcriptome sequencing for 101 LUAD samples from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study. We detected driver genes by testing whether the nonsynonymous mutation rate was significantly higher than the background mutation rate and replicated our findings in public datasets with 724 samples. We performed subclonality analysis for mutations based on mutant allele data and copy number alteration data. We also tested the association between mutation signatures and clinical outcomes, including distant metastasis, survival, and tumor grade. We identified and replicated two novel candidate driver genes, POU class 4 homeobox 2 (POU4F2) (mutated in 9 [8.9%] samples) and ZKSCAN1 (mutated in 6 [5.9%] samples), and characterized their major deleterious mutations. ZKSCAN1 was part of a mutually exclusive gene set that included the RTK/RAS/RAF pathway genes BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, MET, and NF1, indicating an important driver role for this gene. Moreover, we observed strong associations between methylation in specific genomic regions and somatic mutation patterns. In the tumor evolution analysis, four driver genes had a significantly lower fraction of subclonal mutations (FSM), including TP53 (p = 0.007), KEAP1 (p = 0.012), STK11 (p = 0.0076), and EGFR (p = 0.0078), suggesting a tumor initiation role for these genes. Subclonal mutations were significantly enriched in APOBEC-related signatures (p < 2.5×10-50). The total number of somatic mutations (p = 0.0039) and the fraction of transitions (p = 5.5×10-4) were associated with increased risk of distant metastasis. Our study's limitations include a small number of LUAD patients for subgroup analyses and a single-sample design for investigation of subclonality. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a genomic characterization of LUAD pathogenesis and progression. The distinct clonal and subclonal mutation signatures suggest possible diverse carcinogenesis pathways for endogenous and exogenous exposures, and may serve as a foundation for more effective treatments for this lethal disease. LUAD's high heterogeneity emphasizes the need to further study this tumor type and to associate genomic findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Brodie
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Kristine Jones
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Bouk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam Risch
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, North Shore University Health System Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology & Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Crystal Marconett
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ite Laird-Offringa
- Departments of Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ian Mills
- Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mitchell H. Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela C. Pesatori
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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91
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Cha YJ, Kim HR, Lee HJ, Cho BC, Shim HS. Clinical course of stage IV invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2016; 102:82-88. [PMID: 27987593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a distinct lung adenocarcinoma variant. The characteristics of stage IV IMAs are relatively unclear since most previous studies described resected cases from stage I to III. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical course of stage IV IMAs and compare the findings to those of stage IV invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinomas (INMAs). METHODS The study included 36 IMA patients and 210 INMA patients. The clinicopathological parameters, treatment methods and responses, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. RESULTS IMAs were predominantly located in the lower lobes and frequently presented with multifocal consolidation and lung-to-lung or pleural metastasis. KRAS mutations were noted in 60.0% of the examined IMAs. Non-TKI chemotherapy (CTx) was used in 72.2% of the IMA patients. OS was significantly better in untreated IMA patients than in untreated INMA patients. IMA patients treated with non-TKI CTx had no improvement of OS compared to the untreated IMA patients. However, among INMA patients, OS was best with TKIs in patients harbouring targetable mutations, followed by non-TKI CTx. IMA and INMA patients treated with non-TKI CTx had similar PFS. CONCLUSIONS Stage IV IMAs have distinct clinicopathological characteristics, and they might be less aggressive than INMAs. Since non-TKI CTx might not be beneficial in IMA patients, new therapeutic approach is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea.
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92
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Duruisseaux M, McLeer-Florin A, Antoine M, Alavizadeh S, Poulot V, Lacave R, Rabbe N, Cadranel J, Wislez M. NRG1 fusion in a French cohort of invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3579-3585. [PMID: 27770508 PMCID: PMC5224837 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with no effective treatment option in advanced disease. KRAS mutations occur in 28–87% of the cases. NRG1 fusions were recently discovered in KRAS‐negative IMA cases and otherwise negative for known driver oncogenes and could represent an attractive therapeutic target. Published data suggest that NRG1 fusions occur essentially in nonsmoking Asian women. From an IMA cohort of 25 French patients of known ethnicity, driver oncogenes EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2 mutations, and ALK and ROS1 rearrangements presence were analyzed. In the IMA samples remaining negative for these driver oncogenes, an NRG1 rearrangement detection was performed by FISH. A driver oncogene was identified in 14/25 IMA, namely 12 KRAS mutations (48%), one ROS1 rearrangement (4%), and one ALK rearrangement (4%). The detection of NRG1 rearrangement by FISH was conducted in the 11 pan‐negative IMA. One sample was NRG1FISH‐positive and 100% of the tumor nuclei analyzed were positive. This NRG1‐positive patient was a 61‐year‐old nonsmoking woman of Vietnamese ethnicity and was the sole patient of Asian ethnicity of the cohort. She died 6 months after the diagnosis with a pulmonary multifocal disease. NRG1FISH detection should be considered in patients with IMA pan‐negative for known driver oncogenes. These results might suggest that NRG1 fusion is more frequent in IMA from Asian patient. Larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Duruisseaux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, GRC n°04, Theranoscan, F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Anne McLeer-Florin
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble et INSERM U 823-Institut A Bonniot-Université J Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, GRC n°04, Theranoscan, F-75252, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service d'Anatomie pathologique, F-75970, Paris, France
| | - Sanaz Alavizadeh
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble et INSERM U 823-Institut A Bonniot-Université J Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Virginie Poulot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Plateforme de Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, F-75970, Paris, France
| | - Roger Lacave
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Plateforme de Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, F-75970, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rabbe
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, GRC n°04, Theranoscan, F-75252, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Pneumologie, F-75970, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, GRC n°04, Theranoscan, F-75252, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Pneumologie, F-75970, Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, GRC n°04, Theranoscan, F-75252, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Pneumologie, F-75970, Paris, France
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Michels S, Scheel AH, Scheffler M, Schultheis AM, Gautschi O, Aebersold F, Diebold J, Pall G, Rothschild S, Bubendorf L, Hartmann W, Heukamp L, Schildhaus HU, Fassunke J, Ihle MA, Künstlinger H, Heydt C, Fischer R, Nogovà L, Mattonet C, Hein R, Adams A, Gerigk U, Schulte W, Lüders H, Grohé C, Graeven U, Müller-Naendrup C, Draube A, Kambartel KO, Krüger S, Schulze-Olden S, Serke M, Engel-Riedel W, Kaminsky B, Randerath W, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Büttner R, Wolf J. Clinicopathological Characteristics of RET Rearranged Lung Cancer in European Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:122-7. [PMID: 26762747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rearrangements of RET are rare oncogenic events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the characterization of Asian patients suggests a predominance of nonsmokers of young age in this genetically defined lung cancer subgroup, little is known about the characteristics of non-Asian patients. We present the results of an analysis of a European cohort of patients with RET rearranged NSCLC. METHODS Nine hundred ninety-seven patients with KRAS/EGFR/ALK wildtype lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization for RET fusions. Tumor specimens were molecularly profiled and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were collected. RESULTS Rearrangements of RET were identified in 22 patients, with a prevalence of 2.2% in the KRAS/EGFR/ALK wildtype subgroup. Co-occurring genetic aberrations were detected in 10 patients, and the majority had mutations in TP53. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range, 39-80 years; mean ± SD, 61 ± 11.7 years) with a higher proportion of men (59% versus 41%). There was only a slight predominance of nonsmokers (54.5%) compared to current or former smokers (45.5%). CONCLUSIONS Patients with RET rearranged adenocarcinomas represent a rare and heterogeneous NSCLC subgroup. In some contrast to published data, we see a high prevalence of current and former smokers in our white RET cohort. The significance of co-occurring aberrations, so far, is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Michels
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hans Scheel
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Maria Schultheis
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Department for Medical Oncology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joachim Diebold
- Institute of Pathology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Georg Pall
- Department for Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sacha Rothschild
- Department for Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Department for Cytopathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jana Fassunke
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Angelika Ihle
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Künstlinger
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carina Heydt
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rieke Fischer
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Nogovà
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Mattonet
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Adams
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gerigk
- Thoracic Centre, Malteser Hospital Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulte
- Departent for Pulmonology Cardiology and Allergology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Lüders
- Evangelic Lung Clinic Berlin, Department of Pneumology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grohé
- Evangelic Lung Clinic Berlin, Department of Pneumology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ullrich Graeven
- Department for Hematology, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Maria Hilf Hospital Mönchengladbach, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Draube
- Department for Internal Medicine, St. Vinzenz Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Otto Kambartel
- Department for Pulmonology and Allergology, Bethanien Hospital Moers, Moers, Germany
| | - Stefan Krüger
- Department for Pulmonology/Allergology/Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Schulze-Olden
- Department for Pulmonology/Allergology/Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Serke
- Department for Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Lung Clinic Hemer, Hemer, Germany
| | | | - Britta Kaminsky
- Clinic for Pulmonology and Allergology, Bethanien Hospital, Solingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Randerath
- Clinic for Pulmonology and Allergology, Bethanien Hospital, Solingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Network Genomic Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
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Shukla S, Evans JR, Malik R, Feng FY, Dhanasekaran SM, Cao X, Chen G, Beer DG, Jiang H, Chinnaiyan AM. Development of a RNA-Seq Based Prognostic Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2905970. [PMID: 27707839 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precision therapy for lung cancer will require comprehensive genomic testing to identify actionable targets as well as ascertain disease prognosis. RNA-seq is a robust platform that meets these requirements, but microarray-derived prognostic signatures are not optimal for RNA-seq data. Thus, we undertook the first prognostic analysis of lung adenocarcinoma RNA-seq data and generated a prognostic signature. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma RNA-seq and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were divided chronologically into training (n = 255) and validation (n = 157) cohorts. In the training cohort, prognostic association was assessed by univariate Cox analysis. A prognostic signature was built with stepwise multivariable Cox analysis. Outcomes by risk group, stage, and mutation status were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox analyses. All the statistical tests were two-sided. Results In the training cohort, 96 genes had prognostic association with P values of less than or equal to 1.00x10-4, including five long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Stepwise regression generated a four-gene signature, including one lncRNA. Signature high-risk cases had worse overall survival (OS) in the TCGA validation cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.00 to 14.62) and a University of Michigan institutional cohort (n = 67; HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.18 to 4.55), and worse metastasis-free survival in the TCGA validation cohort (HR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.31 to 13.37). The four-gene prognostic signature also statistically significantly stratified overall survival in important clinical subsets, including stage I (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.91 to 11.13), EGFR wild-type (HR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.73 to 14.98), and EGFR mutant (HR = 8.99, 95% CI = 62.23 to 141.44). The four-gene prognostic signature also stood out on top when compared with other prognostic signatures. Conclusions Here, we present the first RNA-seq prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma that can provide a powerful prognostic tool for precision oncology as part of an integrated RNA-seq clinical sequencing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph R Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Saravana M Dhanasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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95
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Hirsch FR, Suda K, Wiens J, Bunn PA. New and emerging targeted treatments in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lancet 2016; 388:1012-24. [PMID: 27598681 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are substantially changing the management of lung cancers. These treatments include drugs that target driver mutations, those that target presumed important molecules in cancer cell proliferation and survival, and those that inhibit immune checkpoint molecules. This area of research progresses day by day, with novel target discoveries, novel drug development, and use of novel combination treatments. Researchers and clinicians have also extensively investigated the predictive biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms underlying inherent or acquired resistance to these targeted therapies. We review recent progress in the development of targeted treatments for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, especially focusing on data from published clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred R Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA; International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacinta Wiens
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul A Bunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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96
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Goswami MT, Chen G, Chakravarthi BVSK, Pathi SS, Anand SK, Carskadon SL, Giordano TJ, Chinnaiyan AM, Thomas DG, Palanisamy N, Beer DG, Varambally S. Role and regulation of coordinately expressed de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes PPAT and PAICS in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23445-61. [PMID: 26140362 PMCID: PMC4695129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism including aerobic glycolysis that channels several glycolytic intermediates into de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. We discovered increased expression of phosphoribosyl amidotransferase (PPAT) and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) enzymes of de novo purine biosynthetic pathway in lung adenocarcinomas. Transcript analyses from next-generation RNA sequencing and gene expression profiling studies suggested that PPAT and PAICS can serve as prognostic biomarkers for aggressive lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAICS performed on tissue microarrays showed increased expression with disease progression and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Through gene knockdown and over-expression studies we demonstrate that altering PPAT and PAICS expression modulates pyruvate kinase activity, cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore we identified genomic amplification and aneuploidy of the divergently transcribed PPAT-PAICS genomic region in a subset of lung cancers. We also present evidence for regulation of both PPAT and PAICS and pyruvate kinase activity by L-glutamine, a co-substrate for PPAT. A glutamine antagonist, 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) blocked glutamine mediated induction of PPAT and PAICS as well as reduced pyruvate kinase activity. In summary, this study reveals the regulatory mechanisms by which purine biosynthetic pathway enzymes PPAT and PAICS, and pyruvate kinase activity is increased and exposes an existing metabolic vulnerability in lung cancer cells that can be explored for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloy T Goswami
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guoan Chen
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Balabhadrapatruni V S K Chakravarthi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Satya S Pathi
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sharath K Anand
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon L Carskadon
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - David G Beer
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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97
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Van Der Steen N, Giovannetti E, Pauwels P, Peters GJ, Hong DS, Cappuzzo F, Hirsch FR, Rolfo C. cMET Exon 14 Skipping: From the Structure to the Clinic. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:1423-32. [PMID: 27223456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal stimulation of the multiple signal transduction pathways downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (cMET) promotes cellular transformation, tumor motility, and invasion. Therefore, cMET has been the focus of prognostic and therapeutic studies in different tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer. In particular, several cMET inhibitors have been developed as innovative therapeutic candidates and are currently under investigation in clinical trials. However, one of the challenges in establishing effective targeted treatments against cMET remains the accurate identification of biomarkers for the selection of responsive subsets of patients. Recently, splice site mutations have been discovered in cMET that lead to the skipping of exon 14, impairing the breakdown of the receptor. Patients with NSCLC who are carrying this splice variant typically overexpress the cMET receptor and show a response to small molecule inhibitors of cMET. Here, we review the main differences at the structural level between the wild-type and the splice variants of cMET and their influence on cMET signaling. We clarify the reason why this variant responds to small molecule inhibitors and their prognostic/predictive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Van Der Steen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Italian Association for Cancer Research Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Hospital of Cisanello, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David S Hong
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Phase I Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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98
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VAMP2-NRG1 Fusion Gene is a Novel Oncogenic Driver of Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1107-11. [PMID: 26134228 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) has been discovered as the tail moiety of fusion genes with several distinct partner head genes in lung cancers. These fusion genes activate ERBB2/ERBB3 receptor-mediated cell signaling and thereby function as oncogenic drivers. METHODS We have carried out whole-transcriptome sequencing of 100 non-small-cell lung carcinoma tumors and isolated a novel fusion gene consisting of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and NRG1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and genomic DNA analysis were used to demonstrate interchromosomal translocation. Immunoblotting and soft agar assays were used to examine stimulating activity of the fusion gene through ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling pathway. RESULTS The most highly expressed splice variant of VAMP2-NRG1 fusion gene was shown to be membrane bound and display EGF-like domain of NRG1 extracellularly. VAMP2-NRG1 promotes anchorage-independent colony formation of H1568 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Ectopic expression of the fusion gene stimulates phosphorylation of ERBB2 and ERBB3 as well as downstream targets, AKT and ERK, confirming activation of the signaling pathway. CONCLUSION VAMP2-NRG1 is a novel oncogenic fusion gene representing a new addition to the list of NRG1 fusion genes, which together may form an important diagnostic and clinical category of lung adenocarcinoma cases.
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Candidate driver genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair in Sézary syndrome. Blood 2016; 127:3387-97. [PMID: 27121473 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-699843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and represents an ideal model for study of T-cell transformation. We describe whole-exome and single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based copy number analyses of CD4(+) tumor cells from untreated patients at diagnosis and targeted resequencing of 101 SS cases. A total of 824 somatic nonsynonymous gene variants were identified including indels, stop-gain/loss, splice variants, and recurrent gene variants indicative of considerable molecular heterogeneity. Driver genes identified using MutSigCV include POT1, which has not been previously reported in CTCL; and TP53 and DNMT3A, which were also identified consistent with previous reports. Mutations in PLCG1 were detected in 11% of tumors including novel variants not previously described in SS. This study is also the first to show BRCA2 defects in a significant proportion (14%) of SS tumors. Aberrations in PRKCQ were found to occur in 20% of tumors highlighting selection for activation of T-cell receptor/NF-κB signaling. A complex but consistent pattern of copy number variants (CNVs) was detected and many CNVs involved genes identified as putative drivers. Frequent defects involving the POT1 and ATM genes responsible for telomere maintenance were detected and may contribute to genomic instability in SS. Genomic aberrations identified were enriched for genes implicated in cell survival and fate, specifically PDGFR, ERK, JAK STAT, MAPK, and TCR/NF-κB signaling; epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, ASLX3, TET1-3); and homologous recombination (RAD51C, BRCA2, POLD1). This study now provides the basis for a detailed functional analysis of malignant transformation of mature T cells and improved patient stratification and treatment.
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Wislez M, Domblides C, Cortot A, Lemoine A. Mutations at the splice sites of exon 14 of MET gene: a new target for sarcomatoid carcinomas? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:96. [PMID: 27047955 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wislez
- 1 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France ; 2 GRC n°04, Theranoscan, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Paris, France ; 3 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France ; 4 Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Domblides
- 1 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France ; 2 GRC n°04, Theranoscan, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Paris, France ; 3 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France ; 4 Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Cortot
- 1 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France ; 2 GRC n°04, Theranoscan, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Paris, France ; 3 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France ; 4 Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Antoinette Lemoine
- 1 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France ; 2 GRC n°04, Theranoscan, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris 06, Paris, France ; 3 Pulmonary Medicine Unit, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France ; 4 Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
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