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Liang G, Webster CE. Phosphoramidate hydrolysis catalyzed by human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1): a cluster-model DFT computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8661-8668. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histidine triad of hHint1 serves as a proton shuttle in the DFT proposed mechanism of the hydrolysis of phosphoramidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Sciences
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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Mihaylova V, Jung HH. [Not Available]. PRAXIS 2017; 106:1391-1396. [PMID: 29231087 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Muskelkrämpfe sind sehr häufig und treten sowohl bei gesunden Menschen als auch im Rahmen von verschiedenen internistischen, rheumatologischen und neurologischen krankhaften Zuständen auf. Muskelkrämpfe bei gesunden Menschen sind selbstlimitierend und in der Regel auf körperliche Überbelastung zurückzuführen. Bei persistierenden, heftigen und therapieresistenten Muskelkrämpfen sollte eine Abklärung durchgeführt werden, wobei hier die Suche nach behandelbaren Ursachen im Vordergrund steht (z.B. mangelhafte Hydratation, muskuläre Überbelastung, Elektrolytverschiebungen, Dysthyreose, Vitaminmangel, Niereninsuffizienz, Leberzirrhose, medikamentös-toxische Nebenwirkungen etc.). Nach Ausschluss solcher symptomatischer Ursachen kann eine neurologische Abklärung zur Suche nach spezifischen neuromuskulären und neurologischen Erkrankungen sinnvoll sein. Primär sollte immer eine kausale Behandlung angestrebt werden. Auch Allgemeinmassnahmen wie Vermeiden krampfauslösender Belastungen, ausreichende Flüssigkeitszufuhr und abendliche Dehnungsübungen sollten instruiert werden. Zur symptomatischen Behandlung von Muskelkrämpfen haben mehrere Medikamente, insbesondere Magnesiumpräparate und Chininsulfat, Wirksamkeit gezeigt. Allerdings stehen keine doppelblinden und Placebo-kontrollierten Studiendaten zur Verfügung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans H Jung
- 1 Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital Zürich
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Drew AP, Cutrupi AN, Brewer MH, Nicholson GA, Kennerson ML. A 1.35 Mb DNA fragment is inserted into the DHMN1 locus on chromosome 7q34–q36.2. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1269-1278. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Veltsista D, Chroni E. A first case report of HINT1-related axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia in a Greek family. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 148:85-7. [PMID: 27428488 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Veltsista
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Chroni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the common terminology used to describe the hereditary neuropathies. This update reviews advances in the past year in our understanding of these diseases, including some important earlier references. RECENT FINDINGS In the past year, advances in next-generation sequencing continued to increase the number of genes associated with CMT. The connection between genotype and phenotype has become more complicated. New insights into the pathogenesis of the diseases are reviewed. Treatment and clinical trial updates coming from these new insights, as well as use of high-throughput screening to match potential treatments with targets, are moving the field forward. There is a discussion of potential next steps, including the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, to enhance our understanding of individual genotypes and phenotypes. SUMMARY The use of high-throughput screens, and techniques such as RNAi and induced pluripotent stem cell continue to push forward other therapies for specific genetic forms of CMT and are potentially more generalizable to peripheral neuropathies. These developments, along with the development of improved outcome measures and longitudinal natural history data, advance CMT, making the future for finding treatments and/or cures closer than it has ever been.
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Jerath NU, Shy ME, Grider T, Gutmann L. A case of neuromyotonia and axonal motor neuropathy: A report of a HINT1 mutation in the United States. Muscle Nerve 2016; 52:1110-3. [PMID: 26182879 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HINT1 mutations cause an autosomal recessive distal hereditary motor axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. This is a case report of a HINT1 mutation in the United States. METHODS A 30-year-old man of Slovenian heritage and no significant family history presented with scoliosis as a child and later developed neuromyotonia and distal weakness. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed an axonal motor neuropathy and neuromyotonic discharges. Previous diagnostic work-up, including testing for Cx32, MPZ, PMP-22, NF-L, EGR2, CLCN1, DM1, DM2, SMN exon 7/8, emerin, LMNA, MPK, SCNA4, acid maltase gene, paraneoplastic disorder, and a sural nerve biopsy, was negative. RESULTS Genetic testing for a HINT1 mutation was performed and revealed a homozygous mutation at p.Arg37Pro. CONCLUSION This entity should be distinguished clinically and genetically from myotonic dystrophy and channelopathies with the clinical features of neuromyotonia and an axonal neuropathy. This case illustrates the importance of identifying the correct phenotype to avoid unnecessary and costly evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U Jerath
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Tiffany Grider
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | - Ludwig Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
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Hint1 Up-Regulates IκBα by Targeting the β-TrCP Subunit of SCF E3 Ligase in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:785-94. [PMID: 26520111 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is increasing evidence that histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a novel tumor suppressor. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which HINT1 promotes the stability of inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) in the cytoplasm of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, which was observed in our previous study (Wang et al. in Int J Cancer 124:1526-1534, 2009). METHODS We examined HINT1 and IκBα expression in HCC cell lines and determined the effect of HINT1 overexpression and knockdown on IκBα protein and mRNA expression in these cell lines. Then, ubiquitination assays were performed to investigate the effects of HINT1 expression plasmid transfection on IκBα ubiquitination. Next, the interaction between HINT1 and β-TrCP was investigated in immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Our data showed that increased HINT1 expression in HepG2 and SMMC7702 cells markedly increased IκBα protein levels, while decreased HINT1 expression markedly decreased them. Overexpression or knockdown of HINT1 did not alter the transcription of IκBα, but HINT1 inhibited proteasomal IκBα degradation and reduced its ubiquitination levels. This inhibition might occur because HINT1 is a component of the SCF(β-TrCP) E3 ligase, which is responsible for IκBα ubiquitination and degradation. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence that HINT1 is a regulator of IκBα through SCF(β-TrCP) E3 ligase. These findings help to clarify the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of HINT1.
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Hong YB, Kang J, Kim JH, Lee J, Kwak G, Hyun YS, Nam SH, Hong HD, Choi YR, Jung SC, Koo H, Lee JE, Choi BO, Chung KW. DGAT2 Mutation in a Family with Autosomal-Dominant Early-Onset Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:473-80. [PMID: 26786738 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder. We examined a Korean family in which two individuals had an autosomal-dominant axonal CMT with early-onset, sensory ataxia, tremor, and slow disease progression. Pedigree analysis and exome sequencing identified a de novo missense mutation (p.Y223H) in the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) gene. DGAT2 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial-associated membrane protein, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, which catalyzes the final step of the triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis pathway. The patient showed consistently decreased serum TG levels, and overexpression of the mutant DGAT2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of mouse motor neuron cells. Moreover, the variant form of human DGAT2 inhibited the axonal branching in the peripheral nervous system of zebrafish. We suggest that mutation of DGAT2 is the novel underlying cause of an autosomal-dominant axonal CMT2 neuropathy. This study will help provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of axonal CMT and contribute to the molecular diagnostics of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghee Kang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Neuroscience center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Se Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Dae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heasoo Koo
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,SGI, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
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Albulym OM, Kennerson ML, Harms MB, Drew AP, Siddell AH, Auer-Grumbach M, Pestronk A, Connolly A, Baloh RH, Zuchner S, Reddel SW, Nicholson GA. MORC2 mutations cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with pyramidal signs. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:419-27. [PMID: 26659848 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing to identify the genetic mutation in a multigenerational Australian family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and pyramidal signs. METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed to map the locus. Whole exome sequencing was undertaken on selected individuals (3 affected, 1 normal), and segregation analysis and mutation screening were carried out using high-resolution melt analysis. The GEM.app database was queried to identify additional families with mutations. RESULTS Significant linkage (2-point LOD score ≥ +3) and haplotype analysis mapped a new locus for CMT2 and pyramidal signs to a 6.6Mb interval on chromosome 22q12.1-q12.3. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel mutation (p.R252W) in the microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene mapping within the linkage region. The mutation fully segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. Screening additional families and querying unsolved CMT2 exomes, we identified the p.R252W mutation in 2 unrelated early onset CMT2 families and a second mutation p.E236G in 2 unrelated CMT2 families. Both the mutations occurred at highly conserved amino acid residues and were absent in the normal population. INTERPRETATION We have identified a new locus in which MORC2 mutations are the likely pathogenic cause of CMT2 and pyramidal signs in these families. MORC2 encodes the human CW-type zinc finger 2 protein, which is a chromatin modifier involved in the regulation of DNA repair as well as gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid M Albulym
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Alexander P Drew
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna H Siddell
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Anne Connolly
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr John T. MacDonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Stephen W Reddel
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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Gess B, Baets J, De Jonghe P, Reilly MM, Pareyson D, Young P. Ascorbic acid for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD011952. [PMID: 26662471 PMCID: PMC6823270 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) comprises a large group of different forms of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. The molecular basis of several CMT subtypes has been clarified during the last 20 years. Since slowly progressive muscle weakness and sensory disturbances are the main features of these syndromes, treatments aim to improve motor impairment and sensory disturbances to improve abilities. Pharmacological treatment trials in CMT are rare. This review was derived from a Cochrane review, Treatment for Charcot Marie Tooth disease, which will be updated via this review and a forthcoming title, Treatments other than ascorbic acid for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) treatment for CMT. SEARCH METHODS On 21 September 2015, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment for CMT. We also checked clinical trials registries for ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs and quasi-RCTs of any ascorbic acid treatment for people with CMT. Where a study aimed to evaluate the treatment of general neuromuscular symptoms of people with peripheral neuropathy including CMT, we included the study if we were able to identify the effect of treatment in the CMT group. We did not include observational studies or case reports of ascorbic acid treatment in people with CMT. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (BG and JB) independently extracted the data and assessed study quality. MAIN RESULTS Six RCTs compared the effect of oral ascorbic acid (1 to 4 grams) and placebo treatment in CMT1A. In five trials involving adults with CMT1A, a total of 622 participants received ascorbic acid or placebo. Trials were largely at low risk of bias. There is high-quality evidence that ascorbic acid does not improve the course of CMT1A in adults as measured by the CMT neuropathy score (0 to 36 scale) at 12 months (mean difference (MD) -0.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI) -0.83 to 0.09; five studies; N = 533), or at 24 months (MD -0.21; 95% CI -0.81 to 0.39; three studies; N = 388). Ascorbic acid treatment showed a positive effect on the nine-hole peg test versus placebo (MD -1.16 seconds; 95% CI -1.96 to -0.37), but the clinical significance of this result is probably small. Meta-analyses of other secondary outcome parameters showed no relevant benefit of ascorbic acid. In one trial, 80 children with CMT1A received ascorbic acid or placebo. The trial showed no clinical benefit of ascorbic acid treatment. Adverse effects did not differ in their nature or abundance between ascorbic acid and placebo. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS High-quality evidence indicates that ascorbic acid does not improve the course of CMT1A in adults in terms of the outcome parameters used. According to low-quality evidence, ascorbic acid does not improve the course of CMT1A in children. However, CMT1A is slowly progressive and the outcome parameters show only small change over time. Longer study durations should be considered, and outcome parameters more sensitive to change over time should be designed and validated for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Gess
- University Hospital RWTH AachenDepartment of NeurologyPauwelsstraße 30AachenGermany52074
| | - Jonathan Baets
- VIBNeurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsAntwerpBelgium2610
- University of AntwerpLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐BungeAntwerpBelgium
- Antwerp University Hospital (UZA)Department of NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- VIBNeurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsAntwerpBelgium2610
- University of AntwerpLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born‐BungeAntwerpBelgium
- Antwerp University Hospital (UZA)Department of NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
| | - Mary M Reilly
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and UCL Institute of NeurologyMRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesQueen SquareLondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Davide Pareyson
- IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological InstituteUnit of Clinics of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceVia Celoria 11MilanItaly20133
| | - Peter Young
- University Hospital of MünsterDepartment of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular DisordersAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude AMünsterGermany48129
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Montecchiani C, Pedace L, Lo Giudice T, Casella A, Mearini M, Gaudiello F, Pedroso JL, Terracciano C, Caltagirone C, Massa R, St George-Hyslop PH, Barsottini OGP, Kawarai T, Orlacchio A. ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 mutations cause autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2015; 139:73-85. [PMID: 26556829 PMCID: PMC5839554 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a group of hereditary peripheral neuropathies that share clinical characteristics of progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, distal sensory loss, as well as diminished tendon reflexes. Hundreds of causative DNA changes have been found, but much of the genetic basis of the disease is still unexplained. Mutations in the ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 gene are a frequent cause of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and peripheral axonal neuropathy, and account for ∼ 40% of autosomal recessive juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The overlap of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with both diseases, as well as the common autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of thin corpus callosum and axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in three related patients, prompted us to analyse the ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 gene in affected individuals with autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. We investigated 28 unrelated families with autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease defined by clinical, electrophysiological, as well as pathological evaluation. Besides, we screened for all the known genes related to axonal autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2A2/HMSN2A2/MFN2, CMT2B1/LMNA, CMT2B2/MED25, CMT2B5/NEFL, ARCMT2F/dHMN2B/HSPB1, CMT2K/GDAP1, CMT2P/LRSAM1, CMT2R/TRIM2, CMT2S/IGHMBP2, CMT2T/HSJ1, CMTRID/COX6A1, ARAN-NM/HINT and GAN/GAN), for the genes related to autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum and axonal peripheral neuropathy (SPG7/PGN, SPG15/ZFYVE26, SPG21/ACP33, SPG35/FA2H, SPG46/GBA2, SPG55/C12orf65 and SPG56/CYP2U1), as well as for the causative gene of peripheral neuropathy with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum (SLC12A6). Mitochondrial disorders related to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 were also excluded by sequencing POLG and TYMP genes. An additional locus for autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H on chromosome 8q13-21.1 was excluded by linkage analysis. Pedigrees originated in Italy, Brazil, Canada, England, Iran, and Japan. Interestingly, we identified 15 ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 mutations in 12 families (two sequence variants were never reported before, p.Gln198* and p.Pro2212fs*5). No large deletions/duplications were detected in these patients. The novel mutations seemed to be pathogenic since they co-segregated with the disease in all pedigrees and were absent in 300 unrelated controls. Furthermore, in silico analysis predicted their pathogenic effect. Our results indicate that ALS5/SPG11/KIAA1840 is the causative gene of a wide spectrum of clinical features, including autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pedace
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Temistocle Lo Giudice
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Casella
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Mearini
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - José L Pedroso
- 3 Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy 4 Laboratorio di Neurologia Clinica e Comportamentale, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massa
- 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- 5 Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 6 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 7 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Toshitaka Kawarai
- 8 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- 1 Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, CERC - IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Novel mutations in genes causing hereditary spastic paraplegia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy identified by an optimized protocol for homozygosity mapping based on whole-exome sequencing. Genet Med 2015; 18:600-7. [PMID: 26492578 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Homozygosity mapping is an effective approach for detecting molecular defects in consanguineous families by delineating stretches of genomic DNA that are identical by descent. Constant developments in next-generation sequencing created possibilities to combine whole-exome sequencing (WES) and homozygosity mapping in a single step. METHODS Basic optimization of homozygosity mapping parameters was performed in a group of families with autosomal-recessive (AR) mutations for which both single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and WES data were available. We varied the criteria for SNP extraction and PLINK thresholds to estimate their effect on the accuracy of homozygosity mapping based on WES. RESULTS Our protocol showed high specificity and sensitivity for homozygosity detection and facilitated the identification of novel mutations in GAN, GBA2, and ZFYVE26 in four families affected by hereditary spastic paraplegia or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Filtering and mapping with optimized parameters was integrated into the HOMWES (homozygosity mapping based on WES analysis) tool in the GenomeComb package for genomic data analysis. CONCLUSION We present recommendations for detection of homozygous regions based on WES data and a bioinformatics tool for their identification, which can be widely applied for studying AR disorders.Genet Med 18 6, 600-607.
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Dang YH, Liu P, Ma R, Chu Z, Liu YP, Wang JB, Ma XC, Gao CG. HINT1 is involved in the behavioral abnormalities induced by social isolation rearing. Neurosci Lett 2015; 607:40-45. [PMID: 26300541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) rearing has been demonstrated to induce behavioral abnormalities like anxiety, impulsivity, aggression, and learning and memory deficits which are relevant to core symptoms in patients with some certain neuropsychiatric disorders. But the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed HINT1 has close relation with diverse neuropsychiatric diseases. In this present study, the SI rearing mice exhibited depression-like and aggressive behavior. Besides, HINT1 protein levels decreased in PFC but increased in HIP. Based on the data obtained, we concluded that HINT1 is involved in the behavioral abnormalities induced by social isolation and exerts distinct roles in different encephalic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- Zong Lian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jia-Bei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltiore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xian-Cang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Cheng-Ge Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Boaretto F, Cacciavillani M, Mostacciuolo ML, Spalletta A, Piscosquito G, Pareyson D, Vazza G, Briani C. Novel loss-of-function mutation of the HINT1
gene in a patient with distal motor axonal neuropathy without neuromyotonia. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:688-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences-IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences-IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Department of Biology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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65
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Absence of HINT1 mutations in a UK and Spanish cohort of patients with inherited neuropathies. J Neurol 2015; 262:1984-6. [PMID: 26194197 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the HINT1 gene were recently identified as the cause of axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. It has been suggested that HINT1 mutations may indeed account for 11% of all inherited neuropathies with autosomal recessive inheritance. However, 81% of patients HINT1-related neuropathies reported to date are originally from five European countries and the global prevalence of the disorder is still unknown. In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of HINT1 mutations by direct sequencing in a cohort of 152 patients with inherited neuropathies from the UK and Spain, where no cases have been described to date. We failed to identify patients with clinical myotonia, neuromyotonia or pathogenic mutations in HINT1. Our results support that HINT1-related neuropathies are not homogeneously distributed among European populations, which may be explained by founder effects. This geographical variability also underlines the importance of considering the ethnic background when screening for mutations in neuropathy-related genes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on recent advances in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, in particular additions to the genetic spectrum, novel paradigms in molecular techniques and an update on therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Several new Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing genes have been recently identified, further enlarging the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability, including: SBF1, DHTKD1, TFG, MARS, HARS, HINT1, TRIM1, AIFM1, PDK3 and GNB4. The increasing availability and affordability of next-generation sequencing technologies has ramped up gene discovery and drastically changed genetic screening strategies. All large-scale trials studying the effect of ascorbic acid in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A have now been completed and were negative. Efforts have been made to design more robust outcome-measures for clinical trials. Promising results with lonaprisan, curcumin and histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors have been obtained in animal models. SUMMARY Charcot-Marie-Tooth is the most common form of inherited peripheral neuropathy and represents the most prevalent hereditary neuromuscular disorder. The genetic spectrum spans more than 70 genes. Gene discovery has been revolutionized recently by new high-throughput molecular technologies. In addition, the phenotypic diversity has grown tremendously. This is a major challenge for geneticists and neurologists. No effective therapy is available for Charcot-Marie-Tooth. Several large trials with ascorbic acid were negative but research into novel compounds continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baets
- aNeurogenetics Group bPeripheral Neuropathy Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics cLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge dDepartment of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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67
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Abstract
Isaacs syndrome is a peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) syndrome that presents as continuous motor activity. Clinical findings include cramps, fasciculations, and myokymia. Electrodiagnosis plays a key role in diagnosis by demonstrating after-discharges on nerve conduction studies, and fasciculation potentials, myokymic discharges, neuromyotonic discharges, and other types of abnormal spontaneous activity on needle examination. Etiopathogenesis involves the interaction of genetic, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic factors, which requires a broad-ranging evaluation for underlying causes. Initial treatment is symptomatic, but immune therapy is often needed and can be effective. The purpose of this review is to describe the syndrome and its pathogenesis, assist the reader in evaluating patients with suspected Isaacs syndrome and distinguishing it from other disorders of PNH, and suggest an approach to management, including both symptomatic and immunomodulating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiesha Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, EC 037, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, EC 037, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA.,Department of Humanities, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennyslvania, USA
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68
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Baets J, Duan X, Wu Y, Smith G, Seeley WW, Mademan I, McGrath NM, Beadell NC, Khoury J, Botuyan MV, Mer G, Worrell GA, Hojo K, DeLeon J, Laura M, Liu YT, Senderek J, Weis J, Van den Bergh P, Merrill SL, Reilly MM, Houlden H, Grossman M, Scherer SS, De Jonghe P, Dyck PJ, Klein CJ. Defects of mutant DNMT1 are linked to a spectrum of neurological disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:845-61. [PMID: 25678562 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a broader than previously appreciated clinical spectrum for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1E (HSAN1E) and a potential pathogenic mechanism for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) mutations. The clinical presentations and genetic characteristics of nine newly identified HSAN1E kinships (45 affected subjects) were investigated. Five novel mutations of DNMT1 were discovered; p.C353F, p.T481P, p.P491L, p.Y524D and p.I531N, all within the target-sequence domain, and two mutations (p.T481P, p.P491L) arising de novo. Recently, HSAN1E has been suggested as an allelic disorder of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy. Our results indicate that all the mutations causal for HSAN1E are located in the middle part or N-terminus end of the TS domain, whereas all the mutations causal for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy are located in the C-terminus end of the TS domain. The impact of the seven causal mutations in this cohort was studied by cellular localization experiments. The binding efficiency of the mutant DNMT proteins at the replication foci and heterochromatin were evaluated. Phenotypic characterizations included electromyography, brain magnetic resonance and nuclear imaging, electroencephalography, sural nerve biopsies, sleep evaluation and neuropsychometric testing. The average survival of HSAN1E was 53.6 years. [standard deviation = 7.7, range 43-75 years], and mean onset age was 37.7 years. (standard deviation = 8.6, range 18-51 years). Expanded phenotypes include myoclonic seizures, auditory or visual hallucinations, and renal failure. Hypersomnia, rapid eye movement sleep disorder and/or narcolepsy were identified in 11 subjects. Global brain atrophy was found in 12 of 14 who had brain MRI. EEGs showed low frequency (delta waves) frontal-predominant abnormality in five of six patients. Marked variability in cognitive deficits was observed, but the majority of patients (89%) developed significant cognitive deficit by the age of 45 years. Cognitive function decline often started with personality changes and psychiatric manifestations. A triad of hearing loss, sensory neuropathy and cognitive decline remains as the stereotypic presentation of HSAN1E. Moreover, we show that mutant DNMT1 proteins translocate to the cytoplasm and are prone to form aggresomes while losing their binding ability to heterochromatin during the G2 cell cycle. Our results suggest mutations in DNMT1 result in imbalanced protein homeostasis through aggresome-induced autophagy. This mechanism may explain why mutations in the sole DNA maintenance methyltransferase lead to selective central and peripheral neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baets
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 5 Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Gordon Smith
- 7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- 8 Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California San Franciso, California, USA
| | - Inès Mademan
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nicole M McGrath
- 9 Department of Medicine, Whangarei Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Noah C Beadell
- 10 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, WA, USA
| | - Julie Khoury
- 10 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, WA, USA
| | | | - Georges Mer
- 11 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- 12 Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Kaori Hojo
- 13 Harima Sanatorium, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jessica DeLeon
- 14 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matilde Laura
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 17 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 18 National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan Senderek
- 19 Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- 20 Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- 21 Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shana L Merrill
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Murray Grossman
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter J Dyck
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher J Klein
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA 23 Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
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69
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Garzón J, Herrero-Labrador R, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Shah R, Vicente-Sánchez A, Wagner CR, Sánchez-Blázquez P. HINT1 protein: A new therapeutic target to enhance opioid antinociception and block mechanical allodynia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 89:412-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ardissone A, Zorzi G, Ciano C, Moroni I. Childhood onset of acquired neuromyotonia: association with a ganglioneuroma. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:620-1. [PMID: 25619962 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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71
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Interactions of cellular histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 with nucleosides 5′-O-monophosphorothioate and their derivatives — Implication for desulfuration process in the cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Laššuthová P, Brožková DŠ, Krůtová M, Neupauerová J, Haberlová J, Mazanec R, Dvořáčková N, Goldenberg Z, Seeman P. Mutations in HINT1 are one of the most frequent causes of hereditary neuropathy among Czech patients and neuromyotonia is rather an underdiagnosed symptom. Neurogenetics 2014; 16:43-54. [PMID: 25342199 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the HINT1 gene were recently discovered as being the major cause of autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. This combination was clinically recognized and described previously in a few reports but is generally unknown. We aimed to establish the importance of HINT1 mutations as the cause of hereditary neuropathy and particularly hereditary motor neuropathy/axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (HMN/CMT2) among Czech patients. Overall, mutations in the HINT1 gene seem to be a surprisingly frequent cause of inherited neuropathy in our group of patients. Biallelic pathogenic mutations were found in 21 patients from 19 families. The prevalent mutation in the Czech population is the p.R37P (95% of pathogenic alleles). Clinically, all patients with biallelic mutations presented with early onset of symptoms at the end of the first decade. Foot/toe extension weakness to plegia was present in almost all patients. Neuromyotonia was present in all but two patients. However, it had been properly recognized in only three patients prior to molecular genetic diagnosis. HINT1 mutations seem to be one of the most frequent causes of inherited neuropathy and are probably the most frequent cause of HMN in Czech patients. We suggest all HMN/CMT2 patients be tested for the presence of the prevalent mutation, the p.R37P.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laššuthová
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic,
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73
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Unraveling the genetic landscape of autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies using a homozygosity mapping approach. Neurogenetics 2014; 16:33-42. [PMID: 25231362 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (ARCMT) are rare but severe disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Their molecular basis is poorly understood due to the extensive genetic and clinical heterogeneity, posing considerable challenges for patients, physicians, and researchers. We report on the genetic findings from a systematic study of a large collection of 174 independent ARCMT families. Initial sequencing of the three most common ARCMT genes (ganglioside-induced differentiation protein 1—GDAP1, SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats-containing protein 2—SH3TC2, histidine-triad nucleotide binding protein 1—HINT1) identified pathogenic mutations in 41 patients. Subsequently, 87 selected nuclear families underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and homozygosity mapping, followed by targeted screening of known ARCMT genes. This strategy provided molecular diagnosis to 22% of the families. Altogether, our unbiased genetic approach identified pathogenic mutations in ten ARCMT genes in a total of 41.3% patients. Apart from a newly described founder mutation in GDAP1, the majority of variants constitute private molecular defects. Since the gene testing was independent of the clinical phenotype of the patients, we identified mutations in patients with unusual or additional clinical features, extending the phenotypic spectrum of the SH3TC2 gene. Our study provides an overview of the ARCMT genetic landscape and proposes guidelines for tackling the genetic heterogeneity of this group of hereditary neuropathies.
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74
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Jerath NU, Shy ME. Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: Understanding molecular pathogenesis could lead to future treatment strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:667-78. [PMID: 25108281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies, like many other degenerative disorders, have been challenging to treat. At this point, there is little specific therapy for the inherited neuropathies other than genetic counseling as well as symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation. In the past, ascorbic acid, progesterone antagonists, and subcutaneous neurotrophin-3 (NT3) injections have demonstrated improvement in animal models of CMT 1A, the most common inherited neuropathy, but have failed to translate any effect in humans. Given the difficulty in treatment, it is important to understand the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary neuropathies in order to strategize potential future therapies. The hereditary neuropathies are in an era of molecular insight and over the past 20 years, more than 78 subtypes of Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) have been identified and extensively studied to understand the biological pathways in greater detail. Next generation molecular sequencing has also improved the diagnosis as well as the understanding of CMT. A greater understanding of the molecular pathways will help pave the way to future therapeutics of CMT. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U Jerath
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael E Shy
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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75
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Seburn KL, Morelli KH, Jordanova A, Burgess RW. Lack of neuropathy-related phenotypes in hint1 knockout mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:693-701. [PMID: 24918641 PMCID: PMC4098130 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in HINT1, the gene encoding histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), cause a recessively inherited peripheral neuropathy that primarily involves motor dysfunction and is usually associated with neuromyotonia (i.e. prolonged muscle contraction resulting from hyperexcitability of peripheral nerves). Because these mutations are hypothesized to cause loss of function, we analyzed Hint1 knockout mice for their relevance as a disease model. Mice lacking Hint1 appeared normal and yielded normal behavioral test results or motor performance, although they moved more slowly and for a smaller fraction of time in an open-field arena than wild-type mice. Muscles, neuromuscular junctions, and nodes of Ranvier were anatomically normal and did not show evidence of degeneration or regeneration. Axon numbers and myelination in peripheral nerves were normal at ages 4 and 13 months. Axons were slightly smaller than those in wild-type mice at age 4 months, but this did not cause a decrease in conduction velocity, and no differences in axon diameters were detected at 13 months. With electromyography, we were unable to detect neuromyotonia even after using supraphysiologic stimuli and stressors such as reduced temperature or 3,4-diaminopyridine to block potassium channels. Therefore, we conclude that Hint1 knockout mice may be useful for studying the biochemical activities of HINT1, but these mice do not provide a disease model or a means for investigating the basis of HINT1-associated neuropathy and neuromyotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn H. Morelli
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Albena Jordanova
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert W. Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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76
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Mei Y, Gao C, Wang K, Cui L, Li W, Zhao X, Liu F, Wu M, Deng G, Ding W, Jia H, Li Z. Effect of microRNA-210 on prognosis and response to chemotherapeutic drugs in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:463-72. [PMID: 24720529 PMCID: PMC4317805 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that microRNA-210 (miR-210) expression is intensively upregulated in hypoxic states and differentially regulated in most types of cancer cells. However, the clinical significance of miR-210 and its effects on the response of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unknown. In the current study, using real-time qRT-PCR to detect miR-210 expression in bone marrow samples from 114 children at initial diagnosis of ALL, we investigated the prognostic significance of miR-210 and determined its associations with common clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. We further examined its effect on the response to chemotherapeutic drugs in the Reh and RS4;11 cell lines. Results showed that miR-210 expression was significantly lower in patients suffering from relapse and induction failure than in other patients (P < 0.001). Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, 3.8243 was selected as the cut-off value of miR-210 expression in our test cohort (38 cases). A significantly poorer treatment outcome (P < 0.05) was found in the low-expression group and verified in the validation cohort (76 cases, P < 0.05). Patients with low expression of miR-210 and positive minimal residual disease at the end of induction had a much higher rate of relapse or induction failure (P = 0.001). Increasing/decreasing miR-210 expression using agomir/antagomir could enhance or reduce the response of Reh cells and RS4;11 cells to daunorubicin/dexamethasone/L-asparaginase and daunorubicin/dexamethasone/vincristine, respectively. In conclusion, miR-210 may be a good prognostic factor and a useful predictor of drug sensitivity, and is a potential therapeutic target for pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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77
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Schabhüttl M, Wieland T, Senderek J, Baets J, Timmerman V, De Jonghe P, Reilly MM, Stieglbauer K, Laich E, Windhager R, Erwa W, Trajanoski S, Strom TM, Auer-Grumbach M. Whole-exome sequencing in patients with inherited neuropathies: outcome and challenges. J Neurol 2014; 261:970-82. [PMID: 24627108 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) are one of the most frequent inherited causes of neurological disability characterized by considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Based on clinical and electrophysiological properties, they can be subdivided into three main groups: HMSN, dHMN, and HSN. At present, more than 50 IPN genes have been identified. Still, many patients and families with IPN have not yet received a molecular genetic diagnosis because clinical genetic testing usually only covers a subset of IPN genes. Moreover, a considerable proportion of IPN genes has to be identified. Here we present results of WES in 27 IPN patients excluded for mutations in many known IPN genes. Eight of the patients received a definite diagnosis. While six of these patients carried bona fide pathogenic mutations in known IPN genes, two patients had mutations in genes known to be involved in other types of neuromuscular disorders. A further group of eight patients carried sequence variations in IPN genes that could not unequivocally be classified as pathogenic. In addition, combining data of WES and linkage analysis identified SH3BP4, ITPR3, and KLHL13 as novel IPN candidate genes. Moreover, there was evidence that particular mutations in PEX12, a gene known to cause Zellweger syndrome, could also lead to an IPN phenotype. We show that WES is a useful tool for diagnosing IPN and we suggest an expanded phenotypic spectrum of some genes involved in other neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, interpretation of variants in known and potential novel disease genes has remained challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schabhüttl
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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78
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Millichap JG, Millichap JJ. Axonal Neuropathy with Neuromyotonia. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2014. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-28-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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79
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Genetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease within the Frame of the Human Genome Project Success. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:13-32. [PMID: 24705285 PMCID: PMC3978509 DOI: 10.3390/genes5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies comprise a group of monogenic disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT is characterized by a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neuropathies, involving all types of Mendelian inheritance patterns. Over 1,000 different mutations have been discovered in 80 disease-associated genes. Genetic research of CMT has pioneered the discovery of genomic disorders and aided in understanding the effects of copy number variation and the mechanisms of genomic rearrangements. CMT genetic study also unraveled common pathomechanisms for peripheral nerve degeneration, elucidated gene networks, and initiated the development of therapeutic approaches. The reference genome, which became available thanks to the Human Genome Project, and the development of next generation sequencing tools, considerably accelerated gene and mutation discoveries. In fact, the first clinical whole genome sequence was reported in a patient with CMT. Here we review the history of CMT gene discoveries, starting with technologies from the early days in human genetics through the high-throughput application of modern DNA analyses. We highlight the most relevant examples of CMT genes and mutation mechanisms, some of which provide promising treatment strategies. Finally, we propose future initiatives to accelerate diagnosis of CMT patients through new ways of sharing large datasets and genetic variants, and at ever diminishing costs.
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80
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Caetano JS, Costa C, Baets J, Zimon Phd M, Venâncio Phd M, Saraiva Phd J, Negrão L, Fineza I. Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia: a rare entity. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 50:104-7. [PMID: 24131582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia is a recently described entity associated to the HINT1 gene, encoding histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1. PATIENT The authors report a Portuguese 16-year-old girl of Roma ethnicity, descendant of consanguineous parents, with progressive distal muscular atrophy and weakness, beginning at age 6. After several years of extensive investigation with inconclusive results, clinical myotonia was identified. Electrophysiologic studies revealed neuromyotonia associated with a severe chronic predominantly motor axonal neuropathy and homozygous mutation (c.334 C > A, p.H112 N) in HINT1 was detected. CONCLUSION This report emphasizes the late onset of clinical myotonia essential to the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Serra Caetano
- Unidade de Neuropediatria, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança Luis Borges, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Costa
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Madgalena Zimon Phd
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Margarida Venâncio Phd
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro HospitalarUniversitário de Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Saraiva Phd
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro HospitalarUniversitário de Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Negrão
- Consulta de Doenças Neuromusculares, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fineza
- Unidade de Neuropediatria, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança Luis Borges, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
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81
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Sánchez-Blázquez P, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Vicente-Sánchez A, Garzón J. Cannabinoid receptors couple to NMDA receptors to reduce the production of NO and the mobilization of zinc induced by glutamate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1766-82. [PMID: 23600761 PMCID: PMC3837442 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Overactivation of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) increases the cytosolic concentrations of calcium and zinc, which significantly contributes to neural death. Since cannabinoids prevent the NMDAR-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium, we investigated whether they also control the rise of potentially toxic free zinc ions, as well as the processes implicated in this phenomenon. RESULTS The cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CNR1) and NMDARs are cross-regulated in different regions of the nervous system. Cannabinoids abrogated the stimulation of the nitric oxide-zinc pathway by NMDAR, an effect that required the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1). Conversely, NMDAR antagonism reduced the analgesia promoted by the CNR1 agonist WIN55,212-2 and impaired its capacity to internalize CNR1s. At the cell surface, CNR1s co-immunoprecipitated with the NR1 subunits of NMDARs, an association that diminished after the administration of NMDA in vivo or as a consequence of neuropathic overactivation of NMDARs, both situations in which cannabinoids do not control NMDAR activity. Under these circumstances, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) restored the association between CNR1s and NR1 subunits, and cannabinoids regained control over NMDAR activity. Notably, CNR1 and NR1 associated poorly in HINT1(-/-) mice, in which there was little cross-regulation between these receptors. INNOVATION The CNR1 can regulate NMDAR function when the receptor is coupled to HINT1. Thus, internalization of CNR1s drives the co-internalization of the NR1 subunits, neutralizing the overactivation of NMDARs. CONCLUSION Cannabinoids require the HINT1 protein to counteract the toxic effects of NMDAR-mediated NO production and zinc release. This study situates the HINT1 protein at the forefront of cannabinoid protection against NMDAR-mediated brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
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82
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Exome sequencing reveals HINT1 mutations as a cause of distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:847-50. [PMID: 24105373 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs) are a heterogenous group of genetic disorders with length-dependent degeneration of motor axons. Obtaining a genetic diagnosis in patients with dHMN remains challenging. We performed exome sequencing in a diagnostic setting in 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dHMN. Potential disease-causing variants in genes associated with dHMN and other forms of inherited neuropathies/motor neuron diseases were validated using Sequenom. The coverage in the genes studied was >95% with an average coverage of >50 times. In none of the patients a mutations was found in genes previously reported to be associated with dHMN. However, in 2/12 patients a recessive mutation in histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1, recently discovered as a cause of axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia) was identified. Our results demonstrate the diagnostic value of exome sequencing for patients with inherited neuropathies. The phenotypic spectrum of recessive mutations in HINT1 includes dHMN. HINT1 should be added to the list of genes to check for in dHMN.
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83
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Tazir M, Bellatache M, Nouioua S, Vallat JM. Autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: from genes to phenotypes. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 18:113-29. [DOI: 10.1111/jns5.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Tazir
- Service de Neurologie; University Hospital Mustapha Bacha; Alger Algeria
- Laboratoire de NeuroSciences; Université d'Alger 1; Alger Algeria
| | - Mounia Bellatache
- Service de Neurologie; University Hospital Mustapha Bacha; Alger Algeria
- Laboratoire de NeuroSciences; Université d'Alger 1; Alger Algeria
| | - Sonia Nouioua
- Service de Neurologie; University Hospital Mustapha Bacha; Alger Algeria
- Laboratoire de NeuroSciences; Université d'Alger 1; Alger Algeria
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Centre de Référence ⟨Neuropathies Périphériques Rares⟩, Service et Laboratoire de Neurologie; University Hospital; Limoges France
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84
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Maize KM, Wagner CR, Finzel BC. Structural characterization of human histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2, a member of the histidine triad superfamily. FEBS J 2013; 280:3389-98. [PMID: 23659632 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad proteins (HITs) constitute a large and ubiquitous superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases. The human histidine triad nucleotide-binding proteins (hHints) are a distinct class of HITs noted for their acyl-AMP hydrolase and phosphoramidase activity. The first high-resolution crystal structures of hHint2 with and without bound AMP are described. The differences between hHint2 and previously known HIT family protein structures are discussed. HIT family enzymes have historically been divided into five classes based on their catalytic specificity: Hint, fragile HIT protein, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, DcpS and aprataxin. However, although several structures exist for the enzymes in these classes, the endogenous substrates of many of these enzymes have not been identified or biochemically characterized. To better understand the structural relationships of the HIT enzymes, a structure-based phylogeny was constructed that resulted in the identification of several new putative HIT clades with potential acyl-AMP hydrolase and phosphoramidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Maize
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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85
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Zhou X, Chou TF, Aubol BE, Park CJ, Wolfenden R, Adams J, Wagner CR. Kinetic mechanism of human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3588-600. [PMID: 23614568 DOI: 10.1021/bi301616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1) is a member of a ubiquitous and ancient branch of the histidine triad protein superfamily. hHint1 is a homodimeric protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of model substrates, phosphoramidate and acyl adenylate, with a high efficiency. Recently, catalytically inactive hHint1 has been identified as the cause of inherited peripheral neuropathy [Zimon, M., et al. (2012) Nat. Genet. 44, 1080-1083]. We have conducted the first detailed kinetic mechanistic studies of hHint1 and have found that the reaction mechanism is consistent with a double-displacement mechanism, in which the active site nucleophile His112 is first adenylylated by the substrate, followed by hydrolysis of the AMP-enzyme intermediate. A transient burst phase followed by a linear phase from the stopped-flow fluorescence assay indicated that enzyme adenylylation was faster than the subsequent intermediate hydrolysis and product release. Solvent viscosity experiments suggested that both chemical transformation and diffusion-sensitive events (product release or protein conformational change) limit the overall turnover. The catalytic trapping experiments and data simulation indicated that the true koff rate of the final product AMP is unlikely to control the overall kcat. Therefore, a protein conformational change associated with product release is likely rate-limiting. In addition, the rate of Hint1 adenylylation was found to be dependent on two residues with pKa values of 6.5 and 8, with the former pKa agreeing well with the nuclear magnetic resonance titration results for the pKa of the active site nucleophile His112. In comparison to the uncatalyzed rates, hHint1 was shown to enhance acyl-AMP and AMP phosphoramidate hydrolysis by 10(6)-10(8)-fold. Taken together, our analysis indicates that hHint1 catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoramidate and acyl adenylate with high efficiency, through a mechanism that relies on rapid adenylylation of the active residue, His112, while being partially rate-limited by intermediate hydrolysis and product release associated with a conformational change. Given the high degree of sequence homology of Hint proteins across all kingdoms of life, it is likely that their kinetic and catalytic mechanisms will be similar to those elucidated for hHint1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Minnesota NMR Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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86
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Linde CI, Feng B, Wang JB, Golovina VA. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) regulates Ca(2+) signaling in mouse fibroblasts and neuronal cells via store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C1098-104. [PMID: 23576580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is implicated in the pathophysiology of certain psychiatric disorders and also exhibits tumor suppressor properties. However, the authentic functions of HINT1 in cellular physiology and especially its role in Ca(2+) signaling remain unclear. Here, we studied Ca(2+) signaling in cultured embryonic fibroblasts derived from wild-type control and HINT1 knockout (KO) mice. The resting cytosolic Ca(2+) level (measured with fura-2) was not altered in fibroblasts lacking HINT1. The stored Ca(2+) evaluated by measuring peak amplitude of ATP (10 μM)-induced Ca(2+) transients in Ca(2+)-free medium was significantly larger in HINT1 KO fibroblasts than in wild-type cells. Ca(2+) influx after external Ca(2+) restoration, likely via store- and receptor-operated channels (SOCs and ROCs, respectively), was greatly (by 2-fold) reduced in HINT1 KO fibroblasts. This correlated with a downregulated expression of Orai1 and stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1), essential components of store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway. Expression of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC)3 and TRPC6, which function as ROCs, was not altered in HINT1 KO fibroblasts. Immunoblots also revealed that Orai1 was downregulated by twofold in brain lysates of HINT1 KO mice compared with the wild-type littermates. Importantly, silencer RNA knockdown of HINT1 in Neuro-2A cells markedly downregulated Orai1 and STIM1 protein expression and significantly (by 2.5-fold) reduced ATP-induced Ca(2+) influx, while ATP-evoked Ca(2+) release was not changed. Thus the study demonstrates a novel function of HINT1 that involves the regulation of SOC-mediated Ca(2+) entry pathway (Orai1 and STIM1), essential for regulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina I Linde
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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87
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Axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia linked to loss-of-function mutations in HINT1. Nat Rev Neurol 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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