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Geroldi A, Ponti C, Mammi A, Patrone S, Gotta F, Trevisan L, Sanguineri F, Origone P, Gaudio A, La Barbera A, Cataldi M, Gemelli C, Massucco S, Schenone A, Lanteri P, Fiorillo C, Grandis M, Mandich P, Bellone E. Early Onset Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies: The Experience of a Specialized Referral Center for Genetic Diagnosis Achievement. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 154:4-8. [PMID: 38428336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies. Although the typical disease onset is reported in the second decade, earlier onsets are not uncommon. To date, few studies on pediatric populations have been conducted and the achievement of molecular diagnosis remains challenging. METHODS During the last 24 years we recruited 223 patients with early-onset hereditary peripheral neuropathies (EOHPN), negative for PMP22 duplication, 72 of them referred by a specialized pediatric hospital. Genetic testing for CMT-associated genes has been carried out with a range of different techniques. RESULTS Of the 223 EOHPN cases, 43% were classified as CMT1 (demyelinating), 49% as CMT2 (axonal), and 8% as CMTi (intermediate). Genetic diagnosis was reached in 51% of patients, but the diagnostic yield increased to 67% when focusing only on cases from the specialized pediatric neuromuscular centers. Excluding PMP22 rearrangements, no significant difference in diagnostic rate between demyelinating and axonal forms was identified. De novo mutations account for 38% of cases. CONCLUSIONS This study describes an exhaustive picture of EOHPN in an Italian referral genetic center and analyzes the molecular diagnostic rate of a heterogeneous cohort compared with one referred by a specialized pediatric center. Our data identify MPZ, MFN2, GDAP1, and SH3TC2 genes as the most frequent players in EOHPN. Our study underlines the relevance of a specific neurological pediatric expertise to address the genetic testing and highlights its importance to clarify possible unexpected results when neuropathy is only a secondary clinical sign of a more complex phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Clarissa Ponti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mammi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Patrone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Gotta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisan
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanguineri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Origone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaudio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea La Barbera
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Cataldi
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Institute "G. Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gemelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Massucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Institute "G. Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, IRCCS Institute "G. Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, UOC Genetica Medica, Genoa, Italy
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Huniadi M, Nosálová N, Almášiová V, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Hudáková N, Cizkova D. Three-Dimensional Cultivation a Valuable Tool for Modelling Canine Mammary Gland Tumour Behaviour In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:695. [PMID: 38667310 PMCID: PMC11049302 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cultivation has been one of the most popular methods in research for decades. Currently, scientists routinely use two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures of commercially available cell lines and primary cultures to study cellular behaviour, responses to stimuli, and interactions with their environment in a controlled laboratory setting. In recent years, 3D cultivation has gained more attention in modern biomedical research, mainly due to its numerous advantages compared to 2D cultures. One of the main goals where 3D culture models are used is the investigation of tumour diseases, in both animals and humans. The ability to simulate the tumour microenvironment and design 3D masses allows us to monitor all the processes that take place in tumour tissue created not only from cell lines but directly from the patient's tumour cells. One of the tumour types for which 3D culture methods are often used in research is the canine mammary gland tumour (CMT). The clinically similar profile of the CMT and breast tumours in humans makes the CMT a suitable model for studying the issue not only in animals but also in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Natália Nosálová
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.H.); (N.N.); (Ľ.H.); (A.V.); (N.H.)
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Song JH, Michalski MP, Pfeffer GB. 3D Analysis of Joint-Sparing Charcot-Marie-Tooth Surgery Effect on Initial Standing Foot Alignment. Foot Ankle Int 2024:10711007241232976. [PMID: 38491765 DOI: 10.1177/10711007241232976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex deformities in cavovarus feet of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease are difficult to evaluate. The aim of this study was to quantify the initial standing alignment correction achieved after joint-sparing CMT cavovarus reconstruction using pre- and postoperative weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). METHODS Twenty-nine CMT cavovarus reconstructions were retrospectively analyzed. Three-dimensional measurements were performed using semiautomated software (Bonelogic 2.1) to investigate changes in sagittal, axial, and coronal parameters. Pre- and postoperative data were compared, along with normative data. Correlation among the preoperative measurements and the amount of correction in sagittal, axial, and coronal parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The sagittal, axial, and coronal malalignment of the hindfoot, and the sagittal and axial malalignment of the forefoot, was significantly improved after corrective surgery (P < .05). Sagittal Meary angle (from 14.8 to 0.1 degrees), axial talonavicular angle (TNA, from 3.6 to 19.2 degrees), and coronal hindfoot alignment (from 11.0 to -11.1 degrees) showed significant changes postoperatively (P < .001). Hindfoot, forefoot sagittal, and forefoot axial parameters reached comparable outcomes compared with normative value (P > .05). Regarding amount of correction, Spearman correlation demonstrated that axial Meary angle and TNA were most strongly related to improvement in sagittal Meary angle and coronal hindfoot alignment. CONCLUSION Preoperative and postoperative WBCT measurements demonstrated that joint sparing CMT cavovarus reconstruction significantly improved sagittal, axial, and coronal deformities of CMT, and sagittal Meary angle was restored toward normative values. Apparent axial plane correction, the majority of which occurred at the talonavicular joint, had the strongest correlation with deformity correction in multiple planes. This suggests that soft tissue releases and correction of the talonavicular joint may be a key component of a cavovarus foot correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Max P Michalski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glenn B Pfeffer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kumar R, Blackband J, Jain V, Kugelmann L, Subramony SH, Wagle Shukla A. Roussy-Lévy Syndrome: Pes Cavus, Tendon Areflexia, Amyotrophy, Gait Ataxia, and Upper Limb Tremor in a Patient with CMT Neuropathy. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:6. [PMID: 38344215 PMCID: PMC10854409 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Roussy-Lévy syndrome (RLS) is characterized by postural hand tremor seen in patients with familial autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Phenomenology Shown This video demonstrates irregular, jerky bilateral kinetic, postural, rest tremor affecting the right > left hand, along with pes cavus and gait ataxia in a patient with CMT disease. Educational Value Pes cavus, tendon areflexia, sensory ataxia, and upper limb tremor should prompt consideration of CMT neuropathy. Highlights This video abstract depicts a bilateral hand tremor characteristic of Roussy-Lévy syndrome seen in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neuropathy. The significance of the abstract lies in the phenomenology and the physiology of the tremor seen in patients with genetically confirmed duplication of PMP22 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie Blackband
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Varun Jain
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lee Kugelmann
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sub H. Subramony
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Massucco S, Schenone C, Faedo E, Gemelli C, Bellone E, Marinelli L, Pareyson D, Pisciotta C, Mongini T, Schenone A, Grandis M. Respiratory involvement and sleep-related disorders in CMT1A: case report and review of the literature. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1298473. [PMID: 38229594 PMCID: PMC10790237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1298473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing has been reported in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1A in association with diaphragmatic weakness and sleep apnea syndrome, mainly of the obstructive type (OSA). Improvement has been observed not only in sleep quality but also in neuropathy symptoms in CMT1A patients with OSA following the initiation of continuous positive airway pressure. We report the cases of two siblings affected by CMT1A associated with hemidiaphragm relaxatio necessitating nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Two twins, now 42 years old, with a family history of CMT1A, received a genetic diagnosis of CMT1A at the age of 16. Over the years, they developed a slowly worsening gait disorder and a decline in fine motor hand movements, currently presenting with moderate disability (CMTES:13). At the age of 40, they both started complaining of daytime sleepiness, orthopnea, and exertional dyspnea. They received a diagnosis of relaxatio of the right hemidiaphragm associated with impairment of nocturnal ventilation and they both have benefited from nocturnal NIV. Disorders of breathing during sleep may be underestimated in CMT1A since routine investigations of sleep quality are rarely performed. Our two clinical cases and a literature review suggest the importance of inquiring about symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and respiratory disturbances in individuals with CMT1A, even in the absence of severe neuropathy. In the presence of compatible symptoms, a pneumological assessment, along with an overnight polysomnogram and lung function tests, should be performed. Recognizing sleep-related symptoms is essential for providing accurate treatment and improving the quality of life for patients with CMT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Faedo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Rare Neurological Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Rare Neurological Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neuroscience RLM, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Abi Chahine NH, Mansour VJ, Nemer LI, Najjoum CF, El Asmar EA, Boulos RT. The Regentime stem cell procedure, successful treatment for a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease case. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8358. [PMID: 38161636 PMCID: PMC10753632 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This report highlights the successful treatment of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease case using the Regentime stem cell procedure, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for patients suffering from this challenging condition.
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Kotaich F, Caillol D, Bomont P. Neurofilaments in health and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275155. [PMID: 38164457 PMCID: PMC10758125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are the most abundant component of mature neurons, that interconnect with actin and microtubules to form the cytoskeleton. Specifically expressed in the nervous system, NFs present the particularity within the Intermediate Filament family of being formed by four subunits, the neurofilament light (NF-L), medium (NF-M), heavy (NF-H) proteins and α-internexin or peripherin. Here, we review the current knowledge on NF proteins and neurofilaments, from their domain structures and their model of assembly to the dynamics of their transport and degradation along the axon. The formation of the filament and its behaviour are regulated by various determinants, including post-transcriptional (miRNA and RBP proteins) and post-translational (phosphorylation and ubiquitination) modifiers. Altogether, the complex set of modifications enable the neuron to establish a stable but elastic NF array constituting the structural scaffold of the axon, while permitting the local expression of NF proteins and providing the dynamics necessary to fulfil local demands and respond to stimuli and injury. Thus, in addition to their roles in mechano-resistance, radial axonal outgrowth and nerve conduction, NFs control microtubule dynamics, organelle distribution and neurotransmission at the synapse. We discuss how the studies of neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation shed light on the biology of NFs. In particular, the NEFL and NEFH genes are mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited neurological disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of the CMT forms (axonal CMT2E, CMT2CC; demyelinating CMT1F; intermediate I-CMT) with symptoms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) will allow us to further investigate the physiological roles of NFs in the brain. Thus, NF-CMT mouse models exhibit various degrees of sensory-motor deficits associated with CNS symptoms. Cellular systems brought findings regarding the dominant effect of NF-L mutants on NF aggregation and transport, although these have been recently challenged. Neurofilament detection without NF-L in recessive CMT is puzzling, calling for a re-examination of the current model in which NF-L is indispensable for NF assembly. Overall, we discuss how the fundamental and translational fields are feeding each-other to increase but also challenge our knowledge of NF biology, and to develop therapeutic avenues for CMT and neurodegenerative diseases with NF aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC team, NeuroMyoGene Institute-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Akköse M, Polat Y. Multi-criteria decision analysis for supporting the selection of subclinical mastitis screening tests to use in large- and small-scale dairy farms in Türkiye. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:6. [PMID: 38060056 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of high-quality and safe milk is closely associated with the udder health of dairy cows. While there are many mastitis diagnostic tests/methods available, choosing the most appropriate diagnostic test for a sustainable udder health control program could be a challenge. This study was aimed at selecting tests for the screening of subclinical mastitis on small- and large-scale dairy farms in Türkiye, using multi-criteria decision-making methods. An integrated approach employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) together was used to select subclinical mastitis screening tests for on-farm use. While the AHP determines the weights of the evaluation criteria, the TOPSIS provides a final ranking. Nine different subclinical mastitis screening (SCM) methods (DeLaval somatic cell counter, PortaSCC test, California mastitis test (CMT), rapid culture, portable/hand-held electrical conductivity meter, infrared thermography, leukocyte esterase strip test, milk pH, UdderCheck test) were analyzed on the basis of five selection criteria (the market availability of the test, the diagnostic accuracy of the test, the cost of the test, the cow-side use of the test, and the practicality of the test). The selection criteria were determined based on literature review and stakeholder input. The weighting of the criteria with the AHP was based on the pairwise comparison of the criteria by stakeholders. The criteria were weighted from 1 to 9 according to their relative importance as follows: "1: equally important," "3: moderately important," "5: strongly important," "7: very strongly important," "9: extremely important," and "2, 4, 6, 8: intermediate values." Final ranking of SCM tests with the TOPSIS was based on the stakeholder evaluations of fulfillment of the criteria by the alternatives. The most appropriate screening test for both large- and small-scale dairy farms was determined to be the CMT. The CMT is a very useful, easy to perform, and low-cost tool for detecting subclinical mastitis. Being a major element of udder health control programs, the CMT, if regularly used on dairy farms in Türkiye, would enable the culling of chronically infected animals and the reduction of mastitis-associated economic losses. Furthermore, regular CMTs would contribute to reducing milk SCC and improving milk quality. In conclusion, multi-criteria decision-making methods not only provide a systematic approach that may assist both veterinarians and farmers in deciding on the best choice among the different tests available for the screening of subclinical mastitis but also offer potential benefits to policymakers, researchers, and other industry stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akköse
- Dalaman Agricultural Enterprise, General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises, Dalaman, Muğla, Türkiye.
| | - Yadigâr Polat
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Türkiye
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Geroldi A, Tozza S, Fiorillo C, Nolano M, Fossa P, Vitale F, Domi R, Gaudio A, Mammi A, Patrone S, Barbera AL, Origone P, Ponti C, Sanguineri F, Zara F, Cataldi M, Salpietro V, Venturi CB, Massucco S, Schenone A, Manganelli F, Mandich P, Bellone E, Gotta F. A novel de novo variant in POLR3B gene associated with a primary axonal involvement of the largest nerve fibers. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:620-628. [PMID: 37897416 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS POLR3B gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Biallelic mutations in POLR3B are associated with leukodystrophies, but recently de novo heterozygous mutations have been described in early onset peripheral demyelinating neuropathies with or without central involvement. Here, we report the first Italian case carrying a de novo variant in POLR3B with a pure neuropathy phenotype and primary axonal involvement of the largest nerve fibers. METHODS Nerve conduction studies, sympathetic skin response, dynamic sweat test, tactile and thermal quantitative sensory testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed according to standard procedures. Histopathological examination was performed on skin and sural nerve biopsies. Molecular analysis of the proband and his relatives was performed with Next Generation Sequencing. The impact of the identified variant on the overall protein structure was evaluated through rotamers method. RESULTS Since his early adolescence, the patient presented with signs of polyneuropathy with severe distal weakness, atrophy, and reduced sensation. Neurophysiological studies showed a sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy, with confirmed small fiber involvement. In addition, skin biopsy and sural nerve biopsy showed predominant large fibers involvement. A trio's whole exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo variant p.(Arg1046Cys) in POLR3B, which was classified as Probably Pathogenic. Molecular modeling data confirmed a deleterious effect of the variant on protein structure. INTERPRETATION Neurophysiological and morphological findings suggest a primary axonal involvement of the largest nerve fibers in POLR3B-related neuropathies. A partial loss of function mechanism is proposed for both neuropathy and leukodystrophy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Tozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Floriana Vitale
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Regi Domi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaudio
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mammi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Patrone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea La Barbera
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Origone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ponti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanguineri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Genetic Unit, IRCCS Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Cataldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Genetic Unit, IRCCS Institute G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Massucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Neurology Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Neurology Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Gotta
- OU Medical Genetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Xing P, Meng B, Hu X, Qu W, Wang S. Switching to Conbercept in Diabetic Macular Edema After Unsatisfactory Response to Previous Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3491-3497. [PMID: 38026602 PMCID: PMC10661898 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s431145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the functional and anatomical effects of transitioning to conbercept intravitreal injection (IVC) treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) who had inadequate responses to prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Methods We retrospectively included eyes with persistent DME after at least 3 injections of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). The analysis included the assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) during 6 months after the switch. Results A total of 30 patients (30 eyes) were included. CMT dropped sharply from 437.8±40.67μm at baseline to 363.59±45.09,312.52 ± 39.15, 278.51 ± 37.92, and 292.59 ± 38.09 after 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of IVC, respectively (p <0.001). BCVA in log MAR units was significantly improved from 0.73±0.15 at baseline to 0.50±0.09,0.46±0.72, 0.40±0.06 and 0.48±0.04 after 1, 2, 3 and 6 months, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion Switching to Conbercept effectively improved visual and anatomical structure in DME patients who had not responded satisfactorily to previous anti-VEGF injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Di Ianni T, Morrison KP, Yu B, Murphy KR, de Lecea L, Airan RD. High-throughput ultrasound neuromodulation in awake and freely behaving rats. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1743-1752. [PMID: 38052373 PMCID: PMC10795522 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising potential therapeutic tool for the noninvasive treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the expansive parameter space and difficulties in controlling for peripheral auditory effects make it challenging to identify ultrasound sequences and brain targets that may provide therapeutic efficacy. Careful preclinical investigations in clinically relevant behavioral models are critically needed to identify suitable brain targets and acoustic parameters. However, there is a lack of ultrasound devices allowing for multi-target experimental investigations in awake and unrestrained rodents. We developed a miniaturized 64-element ultrasound array that enables neurointerventional investigations with within-trial active control targets in freely behaving rats. We first characterized the acoustic field with measurements in free water and with transcranial propagation. We then confirmed in vivo that the array can target multiple brain regions via electronic steering, and verified that wearing the device does not cause significant impairments to animal motility. Finally, we demonstrated the performance of our system in a high-throughput neuromodulation experiment, where we found that ultrasound stimulation of the rat central medial thalamus, but not an active control target, promotes arousal and increases locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Ianni
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA.
| | | | - Brenda Yu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Raag D Airan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
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12
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Ranjit S, Sangoi D, Cullen N, Patel S, Welck M, Malhotra K. Assessing the coronal plane deformity in Charcot Marie Tooth Cavovarus feet using automated 3D measurements. Foot Ankle Surg 2023; 29:511-517. [PMID: 36872207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses the coronal-plane deformities in cavovarus feet secondary to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) using Weightbearing-CT (WBCT) and semi-automated 3D-segmentation software. METHODS WBCTs from 30 CMT-cavovarus feet were matched to 30 controls and analysed using semi-automatic 3D-segmentation (Bonelogic, DISIOR). The software used automated cross-section sampling with subsequent straight-line representation of weighted centre points to calculate 3D axes of bones in the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot. Coronal relationships of these axes were analysed. Supination/pronation of the bones in relation to the ground and within each joint were measured and reported. RESULTS The most significant deformity in CMT-cavovarus feet occurred at the talonavicular joint (TNJ) with 23 degrees more supination than normal feet (6.4 ± 14.5 versus 29.4 ± 7.0 degrees, p < 0.001). This was countered by relative pronation at the naviculo-cuneiform joints (NCJ) of 7.0 degrees (-36.0 ± 6.6 versus -43.0 ± 5.3 degrees, p < 0.001). Combined hindfoot varus and TNJ supination resulted in an additive supination effect not compensated by NCJ pronation. The cuneiforms in CMT-cavovarus feet were therefore supinated by 19.8 degrees to the ground relative to normal feet (36.0 ± 12.1 versus 16.2 ± 6.8 degrees, p < 0.001). The forefoot-arch and 1st metatarsal-ground angles demonstrated similar supination to the cuneiforms suggesting no further significant rotation occurred distally. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate coronal plane deformity occurs at multiple levels in CMT-cavovarus feet. Majority of the supination arises at the TNJ, and this is partially countered by pronation distally, mainly at the NCJ. An understanding of the location of coronal deformities may help when planning surgical correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Ranjit
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom.
| | - Dhrumin Sangoi
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Cullen
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Shelain Patel
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom; Department of Ortho & MSK Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Welck
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom; Department of Ortho & MSK Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Malhotra
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom; Department of Ortho & MSK Science, University College London, United Kingdom
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Nair MA, Niu Z, Madigan NN, Shin AY, Brault JS, Staff NP, Klein CJ. Clinical trials in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders: a retrospective and preclinical assessment. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1251885. [PMID: 37808507 PMCID: PMC10556688 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1251885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the progression of clinical and preclinical trials in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disorders. Background CMT has historically been managed symptomatically and with genetic counseling. The evolution of molecular and pathologic understanding holds a therapeutic promise in gene-targeted therapies. Methods ClinicalTrials.gov from December 1999 to June 2022 was data extracted for CMT with preclinical animal gene therapy trials also reviewed by PubMed search. Results The number of active trials was 1 in 1999 and 286 in 2022. Academic settings accounted for 91% and pharmaceutical companies 9%. Of the pharmaceutical and academic trials, 38% and 28%, respectively, were controlled, randomized, and double-blinded. Thirty-two countries participated: the United States accounted for 26% (75/286). In total, 86% of the trials were classified as therapeutic: 50% procedural (21% wrist/elbow surgery; 22% shock wave and hydrodissection therapy), 23% investigational drugs, 15% devices, and 11% physical therapy. Sixty-seven therapeutic trials (49%) were designated phases 1-2 and 51% phases 3-4. The remaining 14% represent non-therapeutic trials: diagnostic testing (3%), functional outcomes (4%), natural history (4%), and standard of care (3%). One-hundred and three (36%) resulted in publications. Phase I human pharmaceutical trials are focusing on the safety of small molecule therapies (n = 8) and AAV and non-viral gene therapy (n = 3). Preclinical animal gene therapy studies include 11 different CMT forms including viral, CRISPR-Cas9, and nanoparticle delivery. Conclusion Current CMT trials are exploring procedural and molecular therapeutic options with substantial participation of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. Emerging drug therapies directed at molecular pathogenesis are being advanced in human clinical trials; however, the majority remain within animal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika A. Nair
- Department of Graduate Education, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Alexander Y. Shin
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Brault
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Christopher J. Klein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN, United States
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Yalcouyé A, Rebelo AP, Cissé L, Rives L, Bamba S, Cogan J, Esoh K, Diarra S, Ezell KM, Taméga A, Guinto CO, Dohrn MF, Hamid R, Fischbeck KH, Zuchner S, Landouré G. Novel variant in CADM3 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad227. [PMID: 38074074 PMCID: PMC10702457 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CADM3 has been recently reported causing a rare axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in three independent Caucasian families carrying a recurrent change. We describe the first alternative causative mutation in CADM3 in a family from black African and also observed de novo in a patient of Caucasian ancestry. The disease inheritance was consistent with autosomal dominant and sporadic patterns, respectively. Eight patients and their relatives were enroled from both families. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.9 years, and walking difficulty was commonly the first symptom. Neurological examination showed distal muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss and foot and hand deformities. A high clinical variability was noted, but as seen in CADM3-associated neuropathy, symptoms were more pronounced in the arms in some patients. Nerve conduction studies showed no response in most of the examined nerves, and an axonal type of neuropathy, where recorded. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel missense variant (c.1102G>T; Gly368Cys) in CADM3, segregating with the disease. Functional analyses showed a significant decrease in CADM3-Gly368Cys protein levels in the membrane and major structural changes in its predicted secondary structure. Therefore, we extend the genotype spectrum of CADM3, underlining the need for genetic studies in underrepresented populations like in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Yalcouyé
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adriana P Rebelo
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lynette Rives
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Salia Bamba
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Joy Cogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Kevin Esoh
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Salimata Diarra
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ezell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Abdoulaye Taméga
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick O Guinto
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Point ‘G’, Bamako, Mali
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Guida Landouré
- Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, USA
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Point ‘G’, Bamako, Mali
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15
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Sharifi SS, Fritsche S, Holzinger C, Enzinger N. Selection of Parameters for Optimized WAAM Structures for Civil Engineering Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4862. [PMID: 37445175 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Using the CMT (Cold Metal Transfer, F. Fronius, Upper Austria) welding process, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables companies to fabricate steel components in a resource-saving manner (additive vs. subtractive) by properly reinforcing existing steel components. Two fundamental questions are discussed in the current work. The first focus is on the general geometric possibilities offered by this process. The influence of various parameters, such as wire feed speed, travel speed, and torch inclination on the seam shape and build-up rate are presented. The microstructure of the manufactured components is evaluated through metallography and hardness testing. Based on the first results, print strategies are developed for different requirements. Moreover, suitable process parameter sets are recommended in terms of energy input per unit length, weld integrity and hardness distribution. The second focus is on testing and determining joint properties by analyzing the microhardness of the welded structures. The chosen parameter sets will be investigated, and steel quality equivalents according to ÖNORM EN ISO 18265 will be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saham Sadat Sharifi
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming at Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Fritsche
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming at Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Holzinger
- Institute of Structural Design, Graz University of Technology, Technikerstrasse 4/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Enzinger
- Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming at Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Shchagina O, Orlova M, Murtazina A, Filatova A, Skoblov M, Dadali E. Evaluation of Pathogenicity and Causativity of Variants in the MPZ and SH3TC2 Genes in a Family Case of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9786. [PMID: 37372933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of NGS methods into clinical practice allowed researchers effectively to establish the molecular cause of a disorder in cases of a genetically heterogeneous pathology. In cases of several potentially causative variants, we need additional analysis that can help in choosing a proper causative variant. In the current study, we described a family case of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) type 1 (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). DNA analysis revealed two variants in the SH3TC2 gene (c.279G>A and c.1177+5G>A), as well as a previously described variant c.449-9C>T in the MPZ gene, in a heterozygous state. This family segregation study was incomplete because of the proband's father's unavailability. To evaluate the variants' pathogenicity, minigene splicing assay was carried out. This study showed no effect of the MPZ variant on splicing, but the c.1177+5G>A variant in the SH3TC2 gene leads to the retention of 122 nucleotides from intron 10 in the RNA sequence, causing a frameshift and an occurrence of a premature stop codon (NP_078853.2:p.Ala393GlyfsTer2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shchagina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Mariya Orlova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Elena Dadali
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115522, Russia
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Schmidt S, Böhm H, Dussa CU, Bienias K, Fujak A. Characteristic 3D foot motion patterns during gait of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth identified by cluster analysis. Gait Posture 2023; 104:43-50. [PMID: 37307763 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMT is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disease with varying degrees of progression. Different foot deformities, gait and movement patterns are observed. In order to achieve an improved, targeted treatment strategy, the participants are divided into characteristic groups using a mathematical cluster analysis based on the data from the three-dimensional foot kinematics during walking. METHODS Outpatients from age 5-64 years (N = 33 participants, 62 feet) with a proven CMT type 1 (N = 16, 31 feet) or CMT without any further type assignment (N = 17, 31 feet) were retrospectively analyzed. After a standard clinical examination, participants underwent 3D gait analysis using the Oxford Foot Model. To classify the movement patterns, a k-means cluster analysis was calculated based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the foot kinematics data. Gait parameters, clinical parameters and X-ray data were statistically tested. RESULTS The cluster analysis divided the gait data of the participants into two groups. Cluster 1 (N = 21 participants, 34 feet) showed increased dorsiflexion of the hindfoot and increased plantarflexion of the forefoot with cavus position in the sagittal plane, a hindfoot inversion and forefoot pronation with hindfoot varus in the frontal plane and in the transversal plane a forefoot adduction. Cluster 2 (N = 17 participants, 28 feet) deviated significantly from the norm mainly in the frontal plane and were characterized by a strong eversion of the hindfoot with a supination in the forefoot. DISCUSSION Based on the findings, the resultant clusters can be interpreted as cavovarus feet (cluster 1) and pes valgus (cluster 2). The most reliable variables in the 3D gait analysis to classify CMT feet with regard to significance are the ones in the frontal plane. This subdivision of participants goes hand in hand with the various necessary guidelines for orthopedic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Schmidt
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Harald Böhm
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedische Kinderklinik, Bernauerstrasse 18, D-83209 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany
| | - Chakravarthy U Dussa
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedische Kinderklinik, Bernauerstrasse 18, D-83209 Aschau i. Chiemgau, Germany
| | | | - Albert Fujak
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric and Neuro Orthopaedics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Hirsch Y, Chung WK, Novoselov S, Weimer LH, Rossor A, LeDuc CA, McPartland AJ, Cabrera E, Ekstein J, Scher S, Nelson RF, Schiavo G, Henderson LB, Booth KTA. Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in BICD1 Are Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy and Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8897. [PMID: 37240244 PMCID: PMC10219021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy are two clinical entities that are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and sometimes co-occurring. Using exome sequencing and targeted segregation analysis, we investigated the genetic etiology of peripheral neuropathy and hearing loss in a large Ashkenazi Jewish family. Moreover, we assessed the production of the candidate protein via western blotting of lysates from fibroblasts from an affected individual and an unaffected control. Pathogenic variants in known disease genes associated with hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy were excluded. A homozygous frameshift variant in the BICD1 gene, c.1683dup (p.(Arg562Thrfs*18)), was identified in the proband and segregated with hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy in the family. The BIDC1 RNA analysis from patient fibroblasts showed a modest reduction in gene transcripts compared to the controls. In contrast, protein could not be detected in fibroblasts from a homozygous c.1683dup individual, whereas BICD1 was detected in an unaffected individual. Our findings indicate that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BICD1 are associated with hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy. Definitive evidence that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in BICD1 cause peripheral neuropathy and hearing loss will require the identification of other families and individuals with similar variants with the same phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Hirsch
- Dor Yeshorim, Committee for Prevention Jewish Genetic Diseases, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sergey Novoselov
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Louis H. Weimer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda J. McPartland
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ernesto Cabrera
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Josef Ekstein
- Dor Yeshorim, Committee for Prevention Jewish Genetic Diseases, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA
| | - Sholem Scher
- Dor Yeshorim, Committee for Prevention Jewish Genetic Diseases, Brooklyn, NY 11211, USA
| | - Rick F. Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Kevin T. A. Booth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Medical and Molecular Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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19
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Kalotay E, Klugmann M, Housley GD, Fröhlich D. Dominant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders: lessons learned from in vivo disease models. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182845. [PMID: 37274211 PMCID: PMC10234151 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play an essential role in protein synthesis, being responsible for ligating tRNA molecules to their corresponding amino acids in a reaction known as 'tRNA aminoacylation'. Separate ARSs carry out the aminoacylation reaction in the cytosol and in mitochondria, and mutations in almost all ARS genes cause pathophysiology most evident in the nervous system. Dominant mutations in multiple cytosolic ARSs have been linked to forms of peripheral neuropathy including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, distal hereditary motor neuropathy, and spinal muscular atrophy. This review provides an overview of approaches that have been employed to model each of these diseases in vivo, followed by a discussion of the existing animal models of dominant ARS disorders and key mechanistic insights that they have provided. In summary, ARS disease models have demonstrated that loss of canonical ARS function alone cannot fully account for the observed disease phenotypes, and that pathogenic ARS variants cause developmental defects within the peripheral nervous system, despite a typically later onset of disease in humans. In addition, aberrant interactions between mutant ARSs and other proteins have been shown to contribute to the disease phenotypes. These findings provide a strong foundation for future research into this group of diseases, providing methodological guidance for studies on ARS disorders that currently lack in vivo models, as well as identifying candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kalotay
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gary D. Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Zhang Z, Shen J, Hu S, Chen Y, Yin C, Bu X. Optimization of CMT Characteristic Parameters for Swing Arc Additive Manufacturing of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Based on Process Stability Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3236. [PMID: 37110072 PMCID: PMC10143134 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The droplet transfer behavior and stability of the swing arc additive manufacturing process of AZ91 magnesium alloy based on the cold metal transfer (CMT) technique were studied by analyzing the electrical waveforms and high-speed droplet images as well as the forces on the droplet, and the Vilarinho regularity index for short-circuit transfer (IVSC) based on variation coefficients was used to characterize the stability of the swing arc deposition process. The effect of the CMT characteristic parameters on the process stability was investigated; then, the optimization of the CMT characteristic parameters was realized based on the process stability analysis. The results show that the arc shape changed during the swing arc deposition process; thus, a horizontal component of the arc force was generated, which significantly affected the stability of the droplet transition. The burn phase current I_sc_wait presented a linear function relation with IVSC, while the other three characteristic parameters, i.e., boost phase current I_boost, boost phase duration t_I_boost and short-circuiting current I_sc2, all had a quadratic correlation with IVSC. A relation model of the CMT characteristic parameters and IVSC was established based on the rotatable 3D central composite design; then, the optimization of the CMT characteristic parameters was realized using a multiple-response desirability function approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Junqi Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- International Institute for Innovative Design and Intelligent Manufacturing of Tianjin University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shengsun Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Chengxuan Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xianzheng Bu
- Beijing Hangxing Machinery Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
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21
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Loscalzo Y, Antichi L, Cipriani G, Magi L, Giannini M. Premature Triadic Music Therapy (PT-MT) for babies and their parents: a pilot study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023; 41:193-212. [PMID: 34520309 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1979199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to test the feasibility and effectiveness of Premature Triadic Music Therapy (PT-MT) in the premature baby unit. METHODS The design was a clinical pre-test-post-test trial with a convenience sample. Inclusion criteria were a gestational age higher than 28 weeks for preterm infants and the absence of shock or extreme distress for parents. Six preterm children (with a gestational age of 33 to 36 weeks) and their parents participated in the study. For the children, we measured heart rate, blood perfusion, and blood saturation at three different times (pre-PT-MT, during PT-MT, after PT-MT) as quantitative indicators of distress. Their parents completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) before and after the PT-MT intervention. RESULTS We found a statistically significant lower heart rate and a marginally statistically significant higher blood perfusion during PT-MT, as compared to the baseline. However, these changes were not present at the end of PT-MT. The parents' EPDS scores were not statistically significantly lower at the post-test, although, the Medians of the scores did decrease. CONCLUSIONS PT-MT is a promising intervention for the reduction of distress in both parents and children. Further studies should include a higher number of sessions and participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Loscalzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antichi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Cipriani
- Aim - Associazione Italiana Professionisti Della Musicoterapia [Italian Association of Music Therapy Professionals], Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Letizia Magi
- San Donato Hospital in Arezzo, Neonatology Unit, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Marco Giannini
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Abrams CK, Lancaster E, Li JJ, Dungan G, Gong D, Scherer SS, Freidin MM. Knock-in mouse models for CMTX1 show a loss of function phenotype in the peripheral nervous system. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114277. [PMID: 36403785 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) is the second most common form of CMT. In this study we used CRISPR/Cas9 to develop new "knock-in" models of CMTX1 that are more representative of the spectrum of mutations seen with CMTX1 than the Cx32 knockout (KO) mouse model used previously. We compared mice of four genotypes - wild-type, Cx32KO, p.T55I, and p.R75W. Sciatic motor conduction velocity slowing was the most robust electrophysiologic indicator of neuropathy, showing reductions in the Cx32KO by 3 months and in the p.T55I and p.R75W mice by 6 months. At both 6 and 12 months, all three mutant genotypes showed reduced four limb and hind limb grip strength compared to WT mice. Performance on 6 and 12 mm width balance beams revealed deficits that were most pronounced at on the 6 mm balance beam at 6 months of age. There were pathological changes of myelinated axons in the femoral motor nerve in all three mutant lines by 3 months of age, and these became more pronounced at 6 and 12 months of age; sensory nerves (femoral sensory and the caudal nerve of the tail) appeared normal at all ages examined. Our results demonstrate that mice can be used to show the pathogenicity of human GJB1 mutations, and these new models for CMTX1 should facilitate the preclinical work for developing treatments for CMTX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Abrams
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Eunjoo Lancaster
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA..
| | - Jian J Li
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA..
| | - Gabriel Dungan
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
| | - David Gong
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA..
| | - Mona M Freidin
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60657, USA.
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23
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Chao HC, Hsiao CT, Lai KL, Tsai YS, Lin KP, Liao YC, Lee YC. Clinical and genetic characterization of NEFL-related neuropathy in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:132-8. [PMID: 36031490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the neurofilament light polypeptide gene (NEFL) are an uncommon cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical characteristics and genetic spectrum of NEFL-related neuropathy in a Taiwanese CMT cohort. METHODS Mutational analysis of the coding regions of NEFL was performed by Sanger sequencing or targeted resequencing. Twenty-one patients from nine CMT pedigrees, identified from a cohort of 508 unrelated CMT patients, were found to have a NEFL mutation. Genetic, clinical and electrophysiological features were analyzed. RESULTS Six NEFL mutations were identified, including two novel ones (p.P8S, p.N98Y). NEFL p.E396K was the most common mutation, accounting for 33.3% of the patients in our cohort. All patients manifested sensorimotor polyneuropathy with a mean age of disease onset of 13.5 ± 9.6 (1-40) years. Their motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs) of the ulnar nerve ranged from 22.1 to 48.7 m/s. Seventy percent of the patients could be classified as intermediate CMT with ulnar MNCVs between 25 and 45 m/s. Six of the 21 patients (28.6%) had additional features of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including motor developmental delay, spasticity, cerebellar signs, neuropathic pain and scoliosis. CONCLUSION NEFL mutations account for 1.8% (9/508) of the CMT patients in Taiwan. The present study delineates the clinical and genetic characteristics of NEFL-related neuropathy in Taiwan, and highlights that ulnar MNCV above 25 m/s and CNS involvement may serve as diagnostic clues for NEFL-related neuropathy.
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24
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Chen A, Ye S, Zheng J, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Li S. Establishment and characterization of a HER2-enriched canine mammary cancerous myoepithelial cell line. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:22. [PMID: 36717813 PMCID: PMC9885638 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) have a poor prognosis, along with tumor recurrence and metastasis. Cell lines are vital in vitro models for CMT research. Many CMT epithelial cell lines were reported. However, canine mammary myoepithelial cells, the contractile component of the canine mammary tissue were overlooked. This study aimed at establishing such a cell line. CMT-1 cell line was obtained from a canine mammary tumor CMT-1 and characterized molecularly through qPCR, western blotting, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence. Its doubling time, cytogenetic analysis and migration rate were evaluated using growth study, karyotype analysis and wound healing assay respectively. To determine its tumorigenesis, xenograft transplantation was performed. RESULTS CMT-1 tumor was a complex canine mammary carcinoma that stained negative to estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), but positive to human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2), defined as HER2-enriched subtype. In this study, a CMT-1 cell line obtained from CMT-1 tumor was immune-positive to vimentin, α-SMA, p63 and negative to E-cadherin (E-cad), indicating CMT-1 cells were myoepithelial cells. It was successfully cultured for more than 50 passages showing the same immunoreactivity to ER, PR, and HER2 as the primary canine tumor. The doubling time of CMT-1 cell line was 26.67 h. The chromosome number of CMT-1 cells ranged from 31 to 64. A potential spontaneous epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was noticed during cell cultures. Potential EMT-induced CMT-1 cells showed no significance in migration rate compared to the original CMT-1 cells. CMT-1 cells was able to grow on a 3D culture and formed grape-like, solid, and cystic mammospheres at different time period. Inoculation of CMT-1 cells induced a complex HER2-enriched mammary tumor with metastasis in mice. CONCLUSIONS A canine cancerous HER2-enriched myoepithelial cell line was successfully established and a canine mammosphere developed from myoepithelial cells was documented in this study. We are expecting this novel cell line and its associated mammospheres could be used as a model to elucidate the role of myoepithelial cells in CMT carcinogensis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolei Chen
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Shaotang Ye
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Jichao Li
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Zejia Chen
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Yashan Zhang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
| | - Shoujun Li
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China ,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, No.483 Wushanlu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642 China
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Zaman Q, Khan MA, Sahar K, Rehman G, Khan H, Rehman M, Najumuddin, Ahmad I, Tariq M, Muthaffar OY, Abdulkareem AA, Bibi F, Naseer MI, Faisal MS, Wasif N, Jelani M. Novel Variants in MPV17, PRX, GJB1, and SACS Cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay Type Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14. [PMID: 36833258 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay type (ARSACS) are large heterogeneous groups of sensory, neurological genetic disorders characterized by sensory neuropathies, muscular atrophies, abnormal sensory conduction velocities, and ataxia. CMT2EE (OMIM: 618400) is caused by mutations in MPV17 (OMIM: 137960), CMT4F (OMIM: 614895) is caused by PRX (OMIM: 605725), CMTX1 (OMIM: 302800) is caused by mutations in GJB1 (OMIM: 304040), and ARSACS (OMIM: 270550) is caused by mutations in SACS (OMIM: 604490). In this study, we enrolled four families: DG-01, BD-06, MR-01, and ICP-RD11, with 16 affected individuals, for clinical and molecular diagnoses. One patient from each family was analyzed for whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing was done for the rest of the family members. Affected individuals of families BD-06 and MR-01 show complete CMT phenotypes and family ICP-RD11 shows ARSACS type. Family DG-01 shows complete phenotypes for both CMT and ARSACS types. The affected individuals have walking difficulties, ataxia, distal limb weakness, axonal sensorimotor neuropathies, delayed motor development, pes cavus, and speech articulations with minor variations. The WES analysis in an indexed patient of family DG-01 identified two novel variants: c.83G>T (p.Gly28Val) in MPV17 and c.4934G>C (p.Arg1645Pro) in SACS. In family ICP-RD11, a recurrent mutation that causes ARSACS, c.262C>T (p.Arg88Ter) in SACS, was identified. Another novel variant, c.231C>A (p.Arg77Ter) in PRX, which causes CMT4F, was identified in family BD-06. In family MR-01, a hemizygous missense variant c.61G>C (p.Gly21Arg) in GJB1 was identified in the indexed patient. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports on MPV17, SACS, PRX, and GJB1 causing CMT and ARSACS phenotypes in the Pakistani population. Our study cohort suggests that whole exome sequencing can be a useful tool in diagnosing complex multigenic and phenotypically overlapping genetic disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay type.
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Weterman MAJ, Bronk M, Jongejan A, Hoogendijk JE, Krudde J, Karjosukarso D, Goebel HH, Aronica E, Jöbsis GJ, van Ruissen F, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, de Visser M, Baas F. Pathogenic variants in three families with distal muscle involvement. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:58-64. [PMID: 36539320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Three families suspected of distal hereditary motor neuropathy underwent genetic screening with the aim to identify the molecular defect underlying the disease. The description of the identification reflects the shift in molecular diagnostics that was made during the last decades. Our candidate gene approach yielded a known pathogenic variant in BSCL2 (p.Asn88Ser) in one family, and via a CMT-capture, in HSPB1 (p.Arg127Trp), in addition to five other variations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth-related genes in the proband of the second family. In the third family, using whole exome sequencing, followed by linkage-by-location, a three base pair deletion in exon 33 of MYH7 (p.Glu1508del) was found, a reported pathogenic allele albeit for a myopathy. After identification of the causative molecular defect, cardiac examination was performed for patients of the third family and this demonstrated abnormalities in three out of five affected family members. Heterogeneity and expansion of clinical phenotypes beyond known characteristics requires a wider set of genes to be screened. Whole exome/genome analysis with limited prior clinical information may therefore be used to precede a detailed clinical evaluation in cases of large families, preventing screening of a too narrow set of genes, and enabling the identification of novel disease-associated genes. In our cases, the variants had been reported, and co-segregation analysis confirmed the molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A J Weterman
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dept Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Bronk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bio-informatics, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Hoogendijk
- Department of Neurology, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Krudde
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dyah Karjosukarso
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans H Goebel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Joost Jöbsis
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fred van Ruissen
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Y van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dept Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kariyawasam L, Ononaiye M, Irons C, Kirby SE. Exploring the Cross-cultural Applicability of a Brief Compassionate Mind Training: a Study Comparing Sri Lankan and UK People. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 14:429-447. [PMID: 36575653 PMCID: PMC9782273 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) is a therapeutic approach proven to be effective for reducing distress and increasing well-being in clinical and non-clinical populations. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of a short-term, online version of the CMT on compassion, distress, and well-being in a cross-cultural, non-clinical sample of Sri Lankan and UK people. Method A randomized controlled trial with pre-, post-measurements, and a 2-week follow-up was conducted using CMT (n = 21 Sri Lankan, n = 73 UK) and wait-list control (n = 17 Sri Lankan, n = 54 UK) groups. The intervention effects were investigated using a series of repeated-measures ANOVAs using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Results The 2-week CMT was effective in increasing all aspects of compassion in both Sri Lankan and UK people. In addition, some cross-cultural similarities and differences (in the factors affecting compassion) were present in the improvements following CMT between the two countries, which were maintained at a 2-week follow-up. Conclusion This study provides promising evidence for the efficacy and cross-cultural applicability of CMT for reducing distress and increasing well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasara Kariyawasam
- University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E. Kirby
- Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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28
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Eggermann K, Meyer R, Begemann M, Dey D, Bültmann E, Kurth I, Korenke GC, Knopp C. Clonal Elimination of the Pathogenic Allele as Diagnostic Pitfall in SAMD9L-Associated Neuropathy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36553623 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous gain-of-function variants in SAMD9L are associated with ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (ATXPC) and monosomy 7 myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome-1 (M7MLS1). Association with peripheral neuropathy has rarely been described. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) from DNA extracted from peripheral blood was performed in a 10-year-old female presenting with demyelinating neuropathy, her similarly affected mother and the unaffected maternal grandparents. In addition to evaluation of single nucleotide variants, thorough work-up of copy number and exome-wide variant allele frequency data was performed. RESULTS Combined analysis of the mother's and daughter's duo-exome data and analysis of the mother's and her parents' trio-exome data initially failed to detect a disease-associated variant. More detailed analysis revealed a copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity of 7q in the mother and led to reanalysis of the exome data for respective sequence variants. Here, a previously reported likely pathogenic variant in the SAMD9L gene on chromosome 7q (NM_152703.5:c.2956C>T; p.(Arg986Cys)) was identified that was not detected with standard filter settings because of a low percentage in blood cells (13%). The variant also showed up in the daughter at 32%, a proportion well below the expected 50%, which in each case can be explained by clonal selection processes in the blood due to this SAMD9L variant. CONCLUSION The report highlights the specific pitfalls of molecular genetic analysis of SAMD9L and, furthermore, shows that gain-of-function variants in this gene can lead to a clinical picture associated with the leading symptom of peripheral neuropathy. Due to clonal hematopoietic selection, displacement of the mutant allele occurred, making diagnosis difficult.
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Kabzińska D, Chabros K, Kamińska J, Kochański A. The GDAP1 p.Glu222Lys Variant-Weak Pathogenic Effect, Cumulative Effect of Weak Sequence Variants, or Synergy of Both Factors? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091546. [PMID: 36140714 PMCID: PMC9498914 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot−Marie−Tooth disorders (CMT) represent a highly heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system in which more than 100 genes are involved. In some CMT patients, a few weak sequence variants toward other CMT genes are detected instead of one leading CMT mutation. Thus, the presence of a few variants in different CMT-associated genes raises the question concerning the pathogenic status of one of them. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pathogenic effect of c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in the GDAP1 gene, whose mutations are known to be causative for CMT type 4A (CMT4A). Due to low penetrance and a rare occurrence limited to five patients from two Polish families affected by the CMT phenotype, there is doubt as to whether we are dealing with real pathogenic mutation. Thus, we aimed to study the pathogenic effect of the c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in its natural environment, i.e., the neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. Additionally, we have checked the pathogenic status of p.Glu222Lys in the broader context of the whole exome. We also have analyzed the impact of GDAP1 gene mutations on the morphology of the transfected cells. Despite the use of several tests to determine the pathogenicity of the p.Glu222Lys variant, we cannot point to one that would definitively solve the problem of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chabros
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Sangoi D, Ranjit S, Bernasconi A, Cullen N, Patel S, Welck M, Malhotra K. 2D Manual vs 3D Automated Assessment of Alignment in Normal and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Cavovarus Feet Using Weightbearing CT. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:973-982. [PMID: 35403476 DOI: 10.1177/10711007221084308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex deformities in cavovarus feet may be difficult to assess and understand. Weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) is increasingly used in evaluating complex deformities. However, the bone axes may be difficult to calculate in the setting of severe deformity. Computer-assisted 3D axis calculation is a novel approach that may allow for more accurate assessment of foot alignment or deformity. This study aimed to assess differences in measurements done manually on 2D slices of WBCT vs 3D computer models in normal and cavus feet. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed WBCT scans from 16 normal and 16 cavus feet in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Six measurements were assessed: talar-first metatarsal angle (axial plane), forefoot arch angle (coronal plane), and Meary angle, calcaneal pitch, and cuneiform and navicular to floor distances (sagittal plane). 2D measurements were performed manually and 3D measurements were performed using specialized software (Bonelogic, DISIOR). Bland-Altman plots and linear regression were used to analyze differences. RESULTS There were no significant biases in measured variables in normal feet. In the cavovarus group, automated assessment calculated increased sagittal plane deformity (fixed bias 7.31 degrees for Meary angle, 2.39 degrees for calcaneal pitch) and less axial plane deformity (fixed bias 10.61 degrees for axial talar-first metatarsal angle). The latter also demonstrated proportional bias indicating greater discrepancy with increasing adduction. CONCLUSION Measurements were comparable in normal feet suggesting automated techniques can reliably assess the alignment of bony axes. However, automated calculations show greater sagittal and less axial deformity in cavovarus feet than measured by manual techniques. This discrepancy may relate to rotational deformity seen in cavovarus feet, which may not be easily assessed manually. 3D automated measurements may therefore play a role in better assessing and classifying the cavovarus foot, which may ultimately inform treatment algorithms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrumin Sangoi
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Srinath Ranjit
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Bernasconi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicholas Cullen
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Shelain Patel
- Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Welck
- Department of Ortho & MSK Science, UCL, Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Malhotra
- Department of Ortho & MSK Science, UCL, Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
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Pravinbabu P, Holla VV, Phulpagar P, Kamble N, Netravathi M, Yadav R, Pal PK, Muthusamy B. A splice altering variant in NDRG1 gene causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4463-72. [PMID: 35149926 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D (CMT4D) is a progressive, autosomal recessive form of CMT, characterized by distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, severe motor sensory neuropathy, and sensorineural hearing impairment. Mutations in NDRG1 gene cause neuropathy in humans, dogs, and rodents. Here, we describe clinical and genetic features of a 17-year-old male with wasting of hand muscle and foot and severe motor neuropathy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on the patient and his unaffected parents. We identified a novel deletion of nine nucleotides (c.537 + 2_537 + 10del) on the splice donor site of intron 8 in NDRG1 gene. The Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of this mutation in autosomal recessive inheritance. Furthermore, transcript analysis confirmed a splice defect and reveals using of an alternate cryptic splice donor site on the downstream intronic region. It resulted in an insertion of 42 nucleotides to exon 8 of NDRG1. Translation of the resulting transcript sequence revealed an insertion of 14 amino acids in-frame to the existing NDRG1 protein. This insertion is predicted to disrupt an alpha helix which is involved in protein-protein interactions in homologous proteins. Our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of CMT4D. The splice defect we found in this patient reveals a novel splice isoform of NDRG1 as the potential cause for the neuropathy observed in this patient.
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Pereira G, Pereira J, Santos RB, Figueiredo A. Uncovering the role of DNA methyltransferases in grapevine - Plasmopara viticola interaction: From genome-wide characterization to global methylation patterns. Gene 2022; 837:146693. [PMID: 35738444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has recently gained prominence in the field of plant-pathogen interactions, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with plant infection. In grapevine interaction with pathogens, epigenetic regulation still remains a black box. In this work, we characterized grapevine DNA methyltransferase gene family and identified nine DNA methyltransferases genes across eight grapevine chromosomes coding for 17 proteins. We also assessed the modulation of global cytosine methylation and gene expression levels of these genes with the aim of establishing a connection between DNA methylation and grapevine resistance towards downy mildew. Our results revealed that, in the incompatible interaction, an early hypomethylation, coupled with downregulation of DNMT and CMT genes occurs very early after pathogen inoculation. Additionally, the compatible interaction is characterized by a hypermethylation at 6hpi. A temporal delay is evident between the shifts in DNA methyltransferases gene expression in both compatible and incompatible interactions which in turn may be reflected in the global methylation percentage. Overall, we present the first evidence of an epigenetic regulation role in grapevine defense against P. viticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita B Santos
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Grapevine Pathogen Systems Lab, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ozbey G, Cambay Z, Yilmaz S, Aytekin O, Zigo F, Ozçelik M, Otlu B. Identification of bacterial species in milk by MALDI-TOF and assessment of some oxidant-antioxidant parameters in blood and milk from cows with different health status of the udder. Pol J Vet Sci 2022; 25:269-277. [PMID: 35861970 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify bacterial pathogens in milk samples from dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis as well as to assess the concentrations of oxidant-antioxidant parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total GSH levels] in both blood and milk samples. From a total of 200 dairy cows in 8 farms, 800 quarter milk samples obtained from each udder were tested in the laboratory for the presence of udder pathogens. Cultivated bacteria causing intramammary infection from milk samples were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). In addition, from tested animals 60 cows were selected includıng 20 healthy cows that were CMT negative, 20 cows with subclinical mastitis (SM), and 20 cows with clinical mastitis (CM) for detection of MDA, GSH, and total GSH levels in blood and milk samples. Three hundred and eighty (47.5%; 380/800), 300 (37.5%; 300/800), and 120 (15%; 120/800) of milk samples, respectively were CMT positive or SM and CM, and those positives were cows from different farms. We observed that 87.4% (332/380), 25.3% (76/300), and 34.2% (41/120) of cows with CMT positive, CMT negative, and CM had bacterial growth. The most predominantly identified bacteria were Staphylococcus chromogenes (18.7%) obtained mainly from SM and Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%) as the most frequent cause of CM. According to our results, dairy cows with CM had the highest MDA levels, the lowest GSH, and total GSH levels in both blood and milk samples however, high MDA levels and low GSH levels in milk samples with SM were observed. Based on our results, lipid oxidant MDA and antioxidant GSH could be excellent biomarkers of cow's milk for developing inflammation of the mammary gland. In addition, there was no link between nutrition and MDA and GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ozbey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Z Cambay
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - O Aytekin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - F Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - M Ozçelik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Rectorate Campus, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - B Otlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Main Campus, 44280, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
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Hamasaki E, Wakita N, Yasuoka H, Nagaoka H, Morita M, Takashima E, Uchihashi T, Takeda T, Abe T, Lee JW, Iimura T, Saleem MA, Ogo N, Asai A, Narita A, Takei K, Yamada H. The Lipid-Binding Defective Dynamin 2 Mutant in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Impairs Proper Actin Bundling and Actin Organization in Glomerular Podocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884509. [PMID: 35620056 PMCID: PMC9127447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is an endocytic protein that functions in vesicle formation by scission of invaginated membranes. Dynamin maintains the structure of foot processes in glomerular podocytes by directly and indirectly interacting with actin filaments. However, molecular mechanisms underlying dynamin-mediated actin regulation are largely unknown. Here, biochemical and cell biological experiments were conducted to uncover how dynamin modulates interactions between membranes and actin in human podocytes. Actin-bundling, membrane tubulating, and GTPase activities of dynamin were examined in vitro using recombinant dynamin 2-wild-type (WT) or dynamin 2-K562E, which is a mutant found in Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients. Dynamin 2-WT and dynamin 2-K562E led to the formation of prominent actin bundles with constant diameters. Whereas liposomes incubated with dynamin 2-WT resulted in tubule formation, dynamin 2-K562E reduced tubulation. Actin filaments and liposomes stimulated dynamin 2-WT GTPase activity by 6- and 20-fold, respectively. Actin-filaments, but not liposomes, stimulated dynamin 2-K562E GTPase activity by 4-fold. Self-assembly-dependent GTPase activity of dynamin 2-K562E was reduced to one-third compared to that of dynamin 2-WT. Incubation of liposomes and actin with dynamin 2-WT led to the formation of thick actin bundles, which often bound to liposomes. The interaction between lipid membranes and actin bundles by dynamin 2-K562E was lower than that by dynamin 2-WT. Dynamin 2-WT partially colocalized with stress fibers and actin bundles based on double immunofluorescence of human podocytes. Dynamin 2-K562E expression resulted in decreased stress fiber density and the formation of aberrant actin clusters. Dynamin 2-K562E colocalized with α-actinin-4 in aberrant actin clusters. Reformation of stress fibers after cytochalasin D-induced actin depolymerization and washout was less effective in dynamin 2-K562E-expressing cells than that in dynamin 2-WT. Bis-T-23, a dynamin self-assembly enhancer, was unable to rescue the decreased focal adhesion numbers and reduced stress fiber density induced by dynamin 2-K562E expression. These results suggest that the low affinity of the K562E mutant for lipid membranes, and atypical self-assembling properties, lead to actin disorganization in HPCs. Moreover, lipid-binding and self-assembly of dynamin 2 along actin filaments are required for podocyte morphology and functions. Finally, dynamin 2-mediated interactions between actin and membranes are critical for actin bundle formation in HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Hamasaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Wakita
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuoka
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Narita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Bisogni G, Romano A, Conte A, Tasca G, Bernardo D, Luigetti M, Di Paolantonio A, Fabrizi GM, Patanella AK, Meleo E, Sabatelli M. Thr124Met myelin protein zero mutation mimicking motor neuron disease. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 23:299-304. [PMID: 34210210 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1946086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) are associated with heterogeneous manifestations. In this study, we report clinical, electrophysiological, pathological, and muscle MRI findings from two relatives with MPZ Thr124Met variants, disclosing different phenotypes. The proband was a 73-year-old female with a 12-year-story of atrophy, weakness, and fasciculations in her proximal and distal lower limbs. EMG examination showed neurogenic signs with active denervation together with reduced sensory action potentials, without sensory symptoms. The initial diagnosis was of a slowly progressive lower motor neuron disease (MND) with subclinical sensory axonal neuropathy. Two years later, the observation of her 60-year-old nephew, who had a distal sensory-motor neuropathy, prompted the analysis of inherited neuropathies-related genes and revealed a MPZ Thr124Met mutation in both cases. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum of MPZ-related neuropathy and highlight that Thr124Met mutation may cause a syndrome mimicking MND. The challenging issue to detect sensory features in the diagnostic MND work up is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bisogni
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Angela Romano
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Amelia Conte
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Daniela Bernardo
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | | | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Agata Katia Patanella
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Emiliana Meleo
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Centro Clinico NEMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cavovarus deformity of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is often characterized by a paradoxical relationship of hindfoot varus and forefoot valgus. The configuration of the midfoot, which links these deformities, is poorly understood. Accurate assessment of 3-dimensional alignment under physiologic loadbearing conditions is possible using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). This is the first study to examine the rotational deformity in the midfoot of CMT patients and, thus, provide key insights to successful correction of CMT cavovarus foot. METHODS A total of 27 WBCT scans from 21 CMT patients were compared to control WBCTs from 20 healthy unmatched adults. CMT patients with a history of bony surgery, severe degenerative joint disease, or open physes in the foot were excluded. Scans were analyzed using 3-dimensional software. Anatomic alignment of the tarsal bones was calculated relative to the anterior-posterior axis of the tibial plafond in the axial plane, and weightbearing surface in the coronal plane. RESULTS Maximal rotational deformity in CMT patients occurred at the transverse tarsal joints, averaging 61 degrees of external rotation (supination), compared to 34 degrees among controls (P < .01). The talonavicular joint was also the site of peak adduction deformity in the midfoot, with an average talonavicular coverage angle measuring 12 degrees compared with -11 degrees in controls (P < .01). CONCLUSION This 3-dimensional WBCT analysis is the first to isolate and quantify the multiplanar rotational deformity in the midfoot of CMT patients. Compared with healthy unmatched control cases, CMT patients demonstrated increased axial plane adduction and coronal plane rotation at the talonavicular (TN) joint. These findings support performing soft tissue release at the TN joint to abduct and derotate the midfoot as a first step for targeted deformity correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya An
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward Haupt
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jari Salo
- Mehiläinen Helsinki Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Prada V, Zuccarino R, Schenone C, Mennella G, Grandis M, Shy ME, Schenone A. Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score and ambulation index are both predictors of orthotic need for patients with CMT. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2759-2764. [PMID: 34613504 PMCID: PMC8918134 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary neuropathy with an estimated prevalence of 1 person affected on 2500. Frequent symptoms include distal weakness and muscle wasting, sensory loss, reduced deep tendon reflexes, and skeletal deformities, such as hammer toes and pes cavus. CMT is a progressive disease and patients' needs change over their lifetime. In particular, ambulation aids are increasingly needed to maintain ambulation and reduce the risk of falls. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records from 149 patients with confirmed CMT to evaluate patients ambulation needs related to the severity of their CMT as measured by the CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNS) and Ambulation Index (AI). Most patients required some form of orthotics (86.6%). The CMTNS and AI scores both differed significantly between patients with no orthotics compared to those who wore insoles/inserts. The CMTNS and AI also differed significantly between patients wearing insoles and those with ankle foot orthotics (AFOs). CMTNS and the AI were valid predictors of the type and choice of the orthotics. Both the CMTNS and AI can be effective tools to aid in the correct choice of orthotics in patients affected by CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prada
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Genova, Italy.
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1009, USA.
| | - Riccardo Zuccarino
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NeMO) Trento-Fondazione Serena Onlus, Pergine Valsugana, TN, Italy
| | - Cristina Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Mennella
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Grandis
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Genova, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico IRCCS San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1009, USA
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, Genova, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico IRCCS San Martino, Genova, Italy
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An T, Schwartz E, Kissen M, Pollock G, Pfeffer G. Safety and Efficacy of Postoperative Indwelling Popliteal Nerve Catheters for Outpatient Charcot-Marie-Tooth Surgery. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:504-508. [PMID: 34889125 DOI: 10.1177/10711007211060038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient surgical deformity correction for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is limited by effective postoperative pain control. Our previous institutional protocol for foot and ankle surgery in this population included preoperative single-injection nerve blocks, but patients often experienced uncontrolled pain when the block wore off postoperative day 0 or 1, resulting in high opioid requirements and unplanned emergency department visits. The use of ultrasonography-guided continuous nerve catheters in CMT patients has not previously been studied. We aimed to prospectively investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography-guided indwelling popliteal catheters in CMT patients undergoing outpatient foot deformity correction surgery. METHODS Twenty CMT patients, average 28 (range 13-53) years old, undergoing reconstructive surgery by a single foot and ankle attending surgeon were consented for preoperative ultrasonography-guided popliteal catheters. This series included 24 total outpatient procedures; 4 were staged bilateral. Indwelling popliteal catheters were maintained on discharge, providing continuous infusion until postoperative day (POD) 3, and then self-discontinued. Patients were prescribed oxycodone 5 mg (60-80 pills) as needed for breakthrough pain. Outcomes collected included daily pain scores (0-10), an opioid pill count on POD 14, and patient satisfaction ratings. Neurologic evaluation by 5-point 10g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing was performed preoperatively and on POD 14. RESULTS There were no observed catheter-site infections or hematomas. Nine of the patients had pre-existing sensory deficits involving at least 2 areas on the 5-point monofilament test. Postoperative testing showed these deficits were unchanged and there were no instances of new sensory deficits. Postoperative pain scores were typically low, with median values (interquartile ranges [IQRs]) of 3.5 (2.0-5.0) on POD 1, 2.5 (2.0-5.0) on POD 2, and 2.5 (1.0-3.75) on POD 3. At POD 14, pain was 1.0 (0-1.0). Patients consumed a median of 25 oxycodone pills (IQR 8-43) over 2 weeks, less than half the prescribed number. Patient satisfaction was high. All patients reported they would choose to have a nerve catheter again for a similar surgery. CONCLUSION This cases series demonstrated that regional anesthesia using ultrasonography-guided indwelling popliteal catheters was safe and effective for pain control in CMT patients undergoing outpatient foot and ankle surgery. Opioid consumption was comparable to published rates following major bony procedures, and no patients required emergent treatment or hospital admission for uncontrolled pain. No new sensory deficits were detected and patients with underlying sensory deficits remained unchanged. Patients were highly satisfied. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya An
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Samhouri Y, Mustafa Ali MK, Khan C, Wegner R, Lee ST, Lister J. The Trend of Combined Modality Treatment and its Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Primary CNS Lymphoma: A 12-year Population-based Analysis Using Propensity Score. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:1867-1877. [PMID: 35347005 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The addition of radiation to chemotherapy in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains controversial. This aim of this study was to assess the trend of combined modality treatment (CMT) and compare its survival with chemotherapy alone and radiation alone in non-HIV patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 6,537 patients who received single treatment modality, CMT, or no treatment at all between 2004 and 2015 from the National Cancer Database. Factors affecting treatment selection were investigated using a logistic regression model. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated to assess the trend of CMT use. A propensity score weighting methodology was used to compare survival outcomes. RESULTS Only 12.8% of patients received CMT, and this proportion steadily declined between 2004 (17.7%) and 2015 (8.7%), with an APC of -6.0% (95%CI=-8.0 - -4.0, p-value <0.001) during the 12 years. Apart from classical prognostic factors (age and comorbidities), treatment selection was significantly influenced by sex, facility type, degree of urbanization, and type of insurance. CMT had improved survival [median overall survival 19.5 months (95%CI=15.7-22.8)] compared with single-modality treatment. This effect was more prominent in the first year. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic factors affect the selection of treatment in elderly patients with PCNSL. CMT is falling out of favor in this patient population due to the risks of neurotoxicity. Further work should focus on developing strategies that minimize toxicity and access disparities without compromising survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Samhouri
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.;
| | - Moaath K Mustafa Ali
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Cyrus Khan
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Rodney Wegner
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - John Lister
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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Mahungu AC, Monnakgotla N, Nel M, Heckmann JM. A review of the genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegias, inherited neuropathies and spinal muscular atrophies in Africans. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:133. [PMID: 35331287 PMCID: PMC8944057 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic investigations of inherited neuromuscular disorders in Africans, have been neglected. We aimed to summarise the published data and comment on the genetic evidence related to inherited neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)), hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Africans. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant articles and manual checking of references and review publications were performed for African-ancestry participants with relevant phenotypes and identified genetic variants. For each case report we extracted phenotype information, inheritance pattern, variant segregation and variant frequency in population controls (including up to date frequencies from the gnomAD database). Results For HSP, 23 reports were found spanning the years 2000–2019 of which 19 related to North Africans, with high consanguinity, and six included sub-Saharan Africans. For CMT, 19 reports spanning years 2002–2021, of which 16 related to North Africans and 3 to sub-Saharan Africans. Most genetic variants had not been previously reported. There were 12 reports spanning years 1999–2020 related to SMN1-SMA caused by homozygous exon 7 ± 8 deletion. Interestingly, the population frequency of heterozygous SMN1-exon 7 deletion mutations appeared 2 × lower in Africans compared to Europeans, in addition to differences in the architecture of the SMN2 locus which may impact SMN1-SMA prognosis. Conclusions Overall, genetic data on inherited neuromuscular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, are sparse. If African patients with rare neuromuscular diseases are to benefit from the expansion in genomics capabilities and therapeutic advancements, then it is critical to document the mutational spectrum of inherited neuromuscular disease in Africa. Highlights Review of genetic variants reported in hereditary spastic paraplegia in Africans Review of genetic variants reported in genetic neuropathies in Africans Review of genetic underpinnings of spinal muscular atrophies in Africans Assessment of pathogenic evidence for candidate variants
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02280-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amokelani C Mahungu
- Neurology Research Group, University of Cape Town Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Melissa Nel
- Neurology Research Group, University of Cape Town Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannine M Heckmann
- E8-74 Neurology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Alexander N, Broser PJ. Counter-movement jump characteristics in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1a disease. Gait Posture 2022; 93:218-24. [PMID: 35183839 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor performance in sports, especially activities that require explosive movements, is a common reason for initial presentation of children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1a (CMT1a) to the paediatric neuromuscular specialist. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this descriptive, retrospective study was to analyse counter-movement jump characteristics in children with CMT1a in comparison to those in typically developing children (TDC). METHODS This retrospective study included seven patients with CMT1a and 44 TDC from our data pool. All the participants performed counter-movement jumps, and jump height, peak force, time to peak force, average and peak rate of force development and net vertical impulse were then calculated. For statistical comparison by means of an independent Student's t-test, children with CMT1a were compared to seven sex- and age-matched TDC. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the force-time variables and jump height. RESULTS Peak force, net vertical impulse and jump height values in the CMT1a group were significantly lower than those in the TDC group. There were no between-group differences in the time to peak force or average and peak rate of force development. In terms of task symmetry, the correlation between the time-force curve of the left and right leg in the CMT1a group was reduced as compared with that in the TDC group. In both groups, among the parameters measured, there was a significant correlation between jump height and net vertical impulse. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that reduced jump performance in children with CMT1a, as demonstrated by decreased counter-movement jump height, was due to a reduced net impulse during this explosive movement task. This finding is critical for children with CMT1a and has to be considered in clinical management and activities of daily living (e.g. sports lessons in school).
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Abstract
Torticollis is encountered often in the paediatric setting and should be considered a presenting symptom, rather than a diagnosis. Aetiologies of torticollis are numerous, and the nomenclature describing underlying diagnosis can be confusing. Furthermore, children with torticollis typically present in the first instance to primary or secondary care rather than to the subspecialist. These factors can contribute to erroneous treatment of this patient-group which could be time critical in some instances. In this review, we discuss the common causes for torticollis and propose a simple clinical assessment tool and early management scheme that will assist in the differential-diagnosis and treatment pathway of this challenging condition.Conclusion: Torticollis can be the initial presentation of various conditions. The diagnosis and management tools provided in this article can aid in guiding paediatricians as to the correct initial management, imaging, and specialist referral. What is Known: • Torticollis in childhood is a very common presenting symptom with numerous aetiologies. • Management is complex, requires multiple clinical and imaging examinations, and is usually performed by non-specialized professionals. What is New: • A new, simple clinical-assessment tool under the acronym PINCH designed to aid paediatric general practitioners in diagnosing correctly the aetiology of torticollis. • A practical management scheme to aid in the treatment pathway of children with torticollis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Ben Zvi
- Paediatric Neurosurgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Vetkas A, Fomenko A, Germann J, Sarica C, Iorio-Morin C, Samuel N, Yamamoto K, Milano V, Cheyuo C, Zemmar A, Elias G, Boutet A, Loh A, Santyr B, Gwun D, Tasserie J, Kalia SK, Lozano AM. Deep brain stimulation targets in epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of anterior and centromedian thalamic nuclei and hippocampus. Epilepsia 2022; 63:513-524. [PMID: 34981509 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neuromodulatory treatment used in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The primary goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to describe recent advancements in the field of DBS for epilepsy, to compare the results of published trials, and to clarify the clinical utility of DBS in DRE. A systematic literature search was performed by two independent authors. Forty-four articles were included in the meta-analysis (23 for anterior thalamic nucleus [ANT], 8 for centromedian thalamic nucleus [CMT], and 13 for hippocampus) with a total of 527 patients. The mean seizure reduction after stimulation of the ANT, CMT, and hippocampus in our meta-analysis was 60.8%, 73.4%, and 67.8%, respectively. DBS is an effective and safe therapy in patients with DRE. Based on the results of randomized controlled trials and larger clinical series, the best evidence exists for DBS of the anterior thalamic nucleus. Further randomized trials are required to clarify the role of CMT and hippocampal stimulation. Our analysis suggests more efficient deep brain stimulation of ANT for focal seizures, wider use of CMT for generalized seizures, and hippocampal DBS for temporal lobe seizures. Factors associated with clinical outcome after DBS for epilepsy are electrode location, stimulation parameters, type of epilepsy, and longer time of stimulation. Recent advancements in anatomical targeting, functional neuroimaging, responsive neurostimulation, and sensing of local field potentials could potentially lead to improved outcomes after DBS for epilepsy and reduced sudden, unexpected death of patients with epilepsy. Biomarkers are needed for successful patient selection, targeting of electrodes and optimization of stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Vetkas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Section of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Can Sarica
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nardin Samuel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kazuaki Yamamoto
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Milano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cletus Cheyuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ajmal Zemmar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gavin Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan Santyr
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dave Gwun
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Colaianni G, Oranger A, Dicarlo M, Lovero R, Storlino G, Pignataro P, Fontana A, Di Serio F, Ingravallo A, Caputo G, Di Leo A, Barone M, Grano M. Irisin Serum Levels and Skeletal Muscle Assessment in a Cohort of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886243. [PMID: 35634506 PMCID: PMC9134857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) indicates a group of inherited polyneuropathies whose clinical phenotypes primarily include progressive distal weakness and muscle atrophy. Compelling evidence showed that the exercise-mimetic myokine irisin protects against muscle wasting in an autocrine manner, thus possibly preventing the onset of musculoskeletal atrophy. Therefore, we sought to determine if irisin serum levels correlate with biochemical and muscle parameters in a cohort of CMT patients. METHODS This cohort study included individuals (N=20) diagnosed with CMT disease. Irisin and biochemical markers were quantified in sera. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was evaluated by bioelectric impedance analysis, muscle strength by handgrip, and muscle quality was derived from muscle strength and muscle mass ratio. RESULTS CMT patients (m/f, 12/8) had lower irisin levels than age and sex matched healthy subjects (N=20) (6.51 ± 2.26 vs 9.34 ± 3.23 μg/ml; p=0.003). SMM in CMT patients was always lower compared to SMM reference values reported in healthy Caucasian population matched for age and sex. Almost the totality of CMT patients (19/20) showed low muscle quality and therefore patients were evaluated on the basis of muscle strength. Irisin was lower in presence of pathological compared to normal muscle strength (5.56 ± 1.26 vs 7.67 ± 2.72 μg/ml; p=0.03), and directly correlated with the marker of bone formation P1PN (r= 0.669; 95%CI 0.295 to 0.865; p=0.002), but inversely correlated with Vitamin D (r=-0.526; 95%CI -0,791 to -0,095; p=0.017). Surprisingly, in women, irisin levels were higher than in men (7.31 ± 2.53 vs 5.31 ± 1.02 μg/ml, p=0.05), and correlated with both muscle strength (r=0.759; 95%CI 0.329 to 0.929; p=0.004) and muscle quality (r=0.797; 95%CI 0.337 to 0.950; p=0.006). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate lower irisin levels in CMT patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, among patients, we observed, significantly higher irisin levels in women than in men, despite the higher SMM in the latter. Future studies are necessary to establish whether, in this clinical contest, irisin could represent a marker of the loss of muscle mass and strength and/or bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Oranger
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelica Ingravallo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caputo
- Territorial Neurology Service of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Network - Apulia - Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Grano,
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Gentile L, Russo M, Taioli F, Ferrarini M, Aguennouz M, Rodolico C, Toscano A, Fabrizi GM, Mazzeo A. Rare among Rare: Phenotypes of Uncommon CMT Genotypes. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121616. [PMID: 34942918 PMCID: PMC8699517 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most frequent form of inherited chronic motor and sensory polyneuropathy. Over 100 CMT causative genes have been identified. Previous reports found PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, and MFN2 as the most frequently involved genes. Other genes, such as BSCL2, MORC2, HINT1, LITAF, GARS, and autosomal dominant GDAP1 are responsible for only a minority of CMT cases. (2) Methods: we present here our records of CMT patients harboring a mutation in one of these rare genes (BSCL2, MORC2, HINT1, LITAF, GARS, autosomal dominant GDAP1). We studied 17 patients from 8 unrelated families. All subjects underwent neurologic evaluation and genetic testing by next-generation sequencing on an Ion Torrent PGM (Thermo Fischer) with a 44-gene custom panel. (3) Results: the following variants were found: BSCL2 c.263A > G p.Asn88Ser (eight subjects), MORC2 c.1503A > T p.Gln501His (one subject), HINT1 c.110G > C p.Arg37Pro (one subject), LITAF c.404C > G p.Pro135Arg (two subjects), GARS c.1660G > A p.Asp554Asn (three subjects), GDAP1 c.374G > A p.Arg125Gln (two subjects). (4) Expanding the spectrum of CMT phenotypes is of high relevance, especially for less common variants that have a higher risk of remaining undiagnosed. The necessity of reaching a genetic definition for most patients is great, potentially making them eligible for future experimentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Taioli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Moreno Ferrarini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
| | - M’Hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona—Borgo Roma, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
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Pisciotta C, Saveri P, Pareyson D. Challenges in Treating Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Related Neuropathies: Current Management and Future Perspectives. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1447. [PMID: 34827446 PMCID: PMC8615778 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still no effective drug treatment available for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies (CMT). Current management relies on rehabilitation therapy, surgery for skeletal deformities, and symptomatic treatment of pain; fatigue and cramps are frequent complaints that are difficult to treat. The challenge is to find disease-modifying therapies. Several approaches, including gene silencing, to counteract the PMP22 gene overexpression in the most frequent CMT1A type are under investigation. PXT3003 is the compound in the most advanced phase for CMT1A, as a second-phase III trial is ongoing. Gene therapy to substitute defective genes or insert novel ones and compounds acting on pathways important for different CMT types are being developed and tested in animal models. Modulation of the Neuregulin pathway determining myelin thickness is promising for both hypo-demyelinating and hypermyelinating neuropathies; intervention on Unfolded Protein Response seems effective for rescuing misfolded myelin proteins such as P0 in CMT1B. HDAC6 inhibitors improved axonal transport and ameliorated phenotypes in different CMT models. Other potential therapeutic strategies include targeting macrophages, lipid metabolism, and Nav1.8 sodium channel in demyelinating CMT and the P2X7 receptor, which regulates calcium influx into Schwann cells, in CMT1A. Further approaches are aimed at correcting metabolic abnormalities, including the accumulation of sorbitol caused by biallelic mutations in the sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) gene and of neurotoxic glycosphingolipids in HSN1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (P.S.)
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Abstract
Formin proteins catalyze actin nucleation and microfilament polymerization. Inverted formin 2 (INF2) is an atypical diaphanous-related formin characterized by polymerization and depolymerization of actin. Accumulating evidence showed that INF2 is associated with kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and cancers, such as colorectal and thyroid cancer where it functions as a tumor suppressor, glioblastoma, breast, prostate, and gastric cancer, via its oncogenic function. However, studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the different roles of INF2 in diverse cancers are limited. This review comprehensively describes the structure, biochemical features, and primary pathogenic mutations of INF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Haibiao Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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Kontogeorgiou Z, Voudommatis C, Kartanou C, Pandis D, Breza M, Zambelis T, Stefanis L, Panas M, Koutsis G, Karadima G. HINT1-related neuropathy in Greek patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:444-448. [PMID: 34694653 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM) is a rare hereditary neuropathy within the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) spectrum, linked to mutations in the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) gene. HINT1-related neuropathy is particularly common in selected populations from Central and Eastern Europe but rare in Western European cohorts. It has not been investigated to date in the Greek population. We presently investigated the frequency of HINT1-neuropathy in a selected cohort of 42 Greek index patients with autosomal recessive or sporadic axonal hereditary neuropathy according to standard molecular genetics procedures. We identified 4 patients with biallelic mutations in HINT1, comprising 9.5% of all cases and 44.4% of cases also displaying neuromyotonia. The c.110G> C (p.Arg37Pro) HINT1 mutation was present in all cases (2 homozygous) and the c.250T> C (p.Cys84Arg) in 2 cases (compound heterozygous). HINT1-related neuropathy patients were characterized by early onset and neuromyotonia. Two patients had noteworthy clinical features, one case developing myoclonic epilepsy and the other displaying "adducted thumbs." We conclude that HINT1-related neuropathy is common in selected Greek patients with hereditary neuropathy within the CMT spectrum, in accordance with some, but not all, European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Kontogeorgiou
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Voudommatis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrisoula Kartanou
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysis Pandis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Breza
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Zambelis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Panas
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Karadima
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Nerve development requires a coordinated sequence of events and steps to be accomplished for the generation of functional peripheral nerves to convey sensory and motor signals. Any abnormality during development may result in pathological structure and function of the nerve, which evolves in peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will briefly describe different steps of nerve development while we will mostly focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in radial sorting of axons, one of these nerve developmental steps. We will summarize current knowledge of molecular pathways so far reported in radial sorting and their possible interactions. Finally, we will describe how disruption of these pathways may result in human neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, InSpe (Institute of Experimental Neurology) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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50
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Wang Y, Konovalov S, Chen X, Ramachandra AS, Subramanian J. Influence of Silicon and Magnesium on the Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Cu-Al Alloy. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2021; 8:331-339. [PMID: 36654935 PMCID: PMC9828624 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2020.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By using cold metal transfer technique, Cu-Al alloy with addition of silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg), viz (1) Cu-6.5% Al and (2) Cu-6.5% Al-1.2% Si-0.5% Mg were manufactured additively. Four samples were deposited: Cu-6.5% Al alloy as samples 1 and 2, and Cu-6.5% Al-1.2% Si-0.5% Mg alloy as samples 3 and 4. The alloys were homogenized by heat treatments: (1) 800°C (2 h) for sample 2 and (2) sample 4, to improve their mechanical properties. Detailed microstructural investigation conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopies showed formation of various intermetallic phases. Results revealed that (1) the addition of Si and Mg increases the strength properties and ductility and (2) heat treatments improved strength properties but reduce the ductility of the alloys. The article discusses the correlation of the identified microstructure and the evaluated mechanical properties of the additively manufactured alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials, Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, Samara, 443086, Samara, Russia
| | - Sergey Konovalov
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials, Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, Samara, 443086, Samara, Russia
| | - Xizhang Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials, Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, Samara, 443086, Samara, Russia
| | - Arvind Singh Ramachandra
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jayalakshmi Subramanian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Chashan Education Town, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
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