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Jonsson H, Fisher DE, Eiriksdottir G, Aspelund T, Klein R, Gudnason V, Cotch MF. Hand and knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced diameters in retinal vessels: the AGES-Reykjavik study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:669-677. [PMID: 30671597 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and microvascular pathology, we examined the relationship between retinal microvascular caliber and osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in an elderly population. The AGES-Reykjavik is a population-based, multidisciplinary longitudinal cohort study of aging. Retinal vessel caliber, hand osteoarthritis and total knee joint replacements due to OA were examined in 4757 individuals (mean age 76 ± 5 years; 57% female). Incident knee joint replacements during 5-year follow-up (n = 2961, mean age 75 ± 5 years; 58% female) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, showed an association between narrow arteriolar caliber and hand OA, as well as knee replacement. After adjustment for other covariates, including statin therapy, this association was significant for both hand OA in men and women [OR 1.10(1.03-1.17), p < 0.01] (per unit standard deviation decrease in CRAE) and TKR prevalence [OR 1.15 (1.01-1.32), p = 0.04], especially for men [OR 1.22 (1.00-1.51) p = 0.04] and also for incident TKRs in men [OR 1.50 (1.07-2.10), p = 0.04]. Narrow venular caliber was associated with hand OA in women [OR 1.10 (1.01-1.21), p = 0.03]. Retinal arterial narrowing in hand and knee OA is present in males as well as females. Venular narrowing in hand OA in women was an unexpected finding and is in contrast with the venular widening usually observed in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Jonsson
- Landspitalinn University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Diana E Fisher
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
The increase in global lifespan has in turn increased the prevalence of osteoarthritis which is now the most common type of arthritis. Cartilage tissue located on articular joints erodes during osteoarthritis which causes pain and may lead to a crippling loss of function in patients. The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis has been understudied and currently no disease modifying treatments exist. The only current end-point treatment remains joint replacement surgery. The primary risk factor for osteoarthritis is age. Clinical and basic research is now focused on understanding the ageing process of cartilage and its role in osteoarthritis. This chapter will outline the physiology of cartilage tissue, the clinical presentation and treatment options for the disease and the cellular ageing processes which are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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53
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Zhao G, Shi J, Xia J. Analysis of the association between CDH2 gene polymorphism and osteoarthritis risk. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:105-112. [PMID: 30403184 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to define the cadherin 2 (CDH2) gene polymorphism in Chinese osteoarthritis and control populations and to explore the correlation between CDH2 gene polymorphism and the risk of osteoarthritis. METHOD a total of 476 patients with osteoarthritis were collected and 380 control subjects were included in the study. Clinical data such as gender, age and functional score were collected. The blood and tissue samples were collected and genotyped by PCR. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0, Hapioview 4.2 and SNPstats softwares. RESULTS the association of rs11083271 and osteoarthritis was initially validated in this study population (P = 0.016, OR = 1.43 (1.07- 1.93)]. The risk of OA was significantly higher in heterozygous T/C than in homozygous T/T and C/C in rs11083271. By adjusting the age, according to gender stratification analysis, the heterozygous T/C genotype in rs11083271 significantly increased the risk of OA incidence in males [p = 0.011, 3.40 (1.55-7.43)]. The remaining rs sites were not significantly associated with OA. Notably, the association of rs11564299 with OA, regardless of genotyping, gene frequency and RNA expression levels in the study population, was not confirmed. CONCLUSION in this study, we have analyzed the association between CDH2 gene polymorphism and OA in Chinese population. We found that rs11083271 heterozygous T/C genotype significantly increases the risk of OA and the severity of the disease. By contrast, the rs11564299 locus and OA have no significant correlation in the Chinese population. The role of rs11083271 in the regulation of CDH2 expression levels and the mechanisms by which it impacts OA remain to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhao
- Division of orthopaedic surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 400040 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsheng Shi
- Division of orthopaedic surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 400040 Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Division of orthopaedic surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 400040 Shanghai, China
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Thumb base osteoarthritis: A hand osteoarthritis subset requiring a distinct approach. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 31:649-660. [PMID: 30509411 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is usually a polyarticular disease, preferentially affecting the thumb base (TB) and interphalangeal joints. TB OA alone is generally not addressed separately, but as a part of hand OA. Studies have shown that OA in the TB joints clusters together, as does OA in the interphalangeal joints, supporting it as a distinct subset. Further support for this view comes from a specific risk profile, influence on clinical burden, impact of synovial inflammation on local joint pain, and specific treatment interventions. Therefore, clinical care and future hand OA research should not only address hand OA in general but also should focus on the different subsets separately, including TB OA.
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55
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Ho KWD, Wallace MR, Sibille KT, Bartley EJ, Cruz-Almeida Y, Glover TL, King CD, Goodin BR, Addison A, Edberg JC, Staud R, Bradley LA, Fillingim RB. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the COL11A2 Gene Associated with Heat Pain Sensitivity in Knee Osteoarthritis. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917724259. [PMID: 28741447 PMCID: PMC5562334 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917724259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most prominent symptoms of osteoarthritis. However, there is often discordance between the pain experienced by individuals with osteoarthritis and the degree of articular pathology. This suggests that individual differences, including genetic variability in the central processing of nociceptive stimuli, may impact the presentation of osteoarthritis. Here, we show that the single nucleotide polymorphism rs16868943 in the collagen gene COL11A2 is significantly associated with lowered heat pain tolerance on the arm in participants with knee osteoarthritis (P = 1.21 × 10−6, P = 0.0053 after Bonferroni correction, beta = −3.42). A total of 161 knee osteoarthritis participants were included and evaluated for heat, punctate and pressure pain sensitivity of the affected knee and the ipsilateral arm. Each participant was genotyped for 4392 single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes implicated in pain perception, inflammation and mood and tested for association with pain sensitivity. The minor A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs16868943 was significantly associated with lower arm heat pain tolerance after correction for age, gender, race, and study site. This single nucleotide polymorphism was also nominally associated with other measures of heat pain sensitivity, including lowered knee heat pain tolerance (P = 1.14 × 10−5, P = 0.05 after Bonferroni correction), lowered arm heat pain threshold (P = 0.0039, uncorrected) and lowered knee heat pain threshold (P = 0.003, uncorrected). Addition of genotypes from 91 participants without knee pain produced a significant interaction between knee osteoarthritis status and the rs16868943 single nucleotide polymorphism in heat pain tolerance (P = 1.71 × 10−5), such that rs16868943 was not associated with heat pain tolerance in participants without knee pain (P = 0.12, beta = 1.3). This is the first study to show genetic association with heat pain tolerance in individuals with osteoarthritis. The association is specific to participants who have already developed knee osteoarthritis, suggesting that the COL11A2 gene, which has previously been associated with familial osteoarthritis, may play a role in pain sensitization after the development of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Emily J Bartley
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Toni L Glover
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher D King
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Adriana Addison
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatotology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatotology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Roland Staud
- Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Laurence A Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatotology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Skarp S, Kämäräinen OP, Wei GH, Jakkula E, Kiviranta I, Kröger H, Auvinen J, Lehenkari P, Ala-Kokko L, Männikkö M. Whole exome sequencing in Finnish families identifies new candidate genes for osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203313. [PMID: 30157244 PMCID: PMC6114922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and one of the major causes of disability worldwide. It is a multifactorial disorder with a significant genetic component. The heritability of OA has been estimated to be 60% for hip OA and 39% for knee OA. Genetic factors behind OA are still largely unknown. Studying families with strong history of OA, facilitates examining the co-segregation of genetic variation and OA. The aim of this study was to identify new, rare genetic factors and novel candidate genes for OA. METHODS Eight patients from three Finnish families with hip and knee OA were studied using whole exome sequencing. We focused on rare exonic variants with predicted pathogenicity and variants located in active promoter or strong enhancer regions. Expression of identified candidate genes were studied in bone and cartilage tissues and the observed variants were investigated using bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Two rare variants co-segregated with OA in two families. In Family 8 a missense variant (c.628C>G, p.Arg210Gly) was observed in the OLIG3 gene that encodes a transcription factor known to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthritis. The Arg210Gly variant was estimated to be pathogenic by Polyphen-2 and Mutation taster and the locus is conserved among mammals. In Family 12 the observed variant (c.-127G>T) was located in the transcription start site of the FIP1L1 gene. FIP1L1 participates in the regulation of polyadenylation. The c.-127G>T is located in the transcription start site and may alter the DNA-binding of transcription factors. Both, OLIG3 and FIP1L1 were observed in human bone and cartilage. CONCLUSION The identified variants revealed novel candidate genes for OA. OLIG3 and FIP1L1 have specific roles in transcription and may effect expression of other genes. Identified variants in these genes may thus have a role in the regulatory events leading to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Skarp
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eveliina Jakkula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kiviranta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital and Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology and Surgery Clinic, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Ala-Kokko
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests, Allentown, PA, United States of America
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Birth Cohort, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Shepherd C, Zhu D, Skelton AJ, Combe J, Threadgold H, Zhu L, Vincent TL, Stuart P, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Genetic Risk Residing at ALDH1A2 Identifies rs12915901 as a Key Target Variant. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1577-1587. [PMID: 29732726 PMCID: PMC6175168 DOI: 10.1002/art.40545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mechanisms conferring increased risk of hand osteoarthritis (OA) at the ALDH1A2 locus, which is a retinoic acid regulatory gene. METHODS Tissue samples from 247 patients with knee, hip, or hand OA who had undergone joint surgery were included. RNA-sequencing analysis was used to investigate differential expression of ALDH1A2 and other retinoic acid signaling pathway genes in cartilage. Expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues obtained from multiple sites was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Allelic expression imbalance (AEI) was measured by pyrosequencing. The consequences of ALDH1A2 depletion by RNA interference were assessed in primary human chondrocytes. In silico and in vitro analyses were used to pinpoint which, among 62 highly correlated SNPs, could account for the association at the locus. RESULTS ALDH1A2 expression was observed across multiple joint tissue samples, including osteochondral tissue from the hand. The expression of ALDH1A2 and of several retinoic acid signaling genes was different in diseased cartilage compared to non-diseased cartilage, with ALDH1A2 showing lower levels in OA cartilage. Experimental depletion of ALDH1A2 resulted in changes in the expression levels of a number of chondrogenic markers, including SOX9. In addition, reduced expression of the OA risk-conferring allele was witnessed in a number of joint tissues, with the strongest effect in cartilage. The intronic SNP rs12915901 recapitulated the AEI observed in patient tissues, while the Ets transcription factors were identified as potential mediators of this effect. CONCLUSION The ALDH1A2 locus seems to increase the risk of hand OA through decreased expression of ALDH1A2 in joint tissues, with the effect dependent on rs12915901. These findings indicate a mechanism that may now be targeted to modulate OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Stuart
- Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Steinberg J, Brooks RA, Southam L, Bhatnagar S, Roumeliotis TI, Hatzikotoulas K, Zengini E, Wilkinson JM, Choudhary JS, McCaskie AW, Zeggini E. Widespread epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic differences between hip osteophytic and articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:1481-1489. [PMID: 29741735 PMCID: PMC6055583 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify molecular differences between chondrocytes from osteophytic and articular cartilage tissue from OA patients. Methods We investigated genes and pathways by combining genome-wide DNA methylation, RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics in isolated primary chondrocytes from the cartilaginous layer of osteophytes and matched areas of low- and high-grade articular cartilage across nine patients with OA undergoing hip replacement surgery. Results Chondrocytes from osteophytic cartilage showed widespread differences to low-grade articular cartilage chondrocytes. These differences were similar to, but more pronounced than, differences between chondrocytes from osteophytic and high-grade articular cartilage, and more pronounced than differences between high- and low-grade articular cartilage. We identified 56 genes with significant differences between osteophytic chondrocytes and low-grade articular cartilage chondrocytes on all three omics levels. Several of these genes have known roles in OA, including ALDH1A2 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, which have functional genetic variants associated with OA from genome-wide association studies. An integrative gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that differences between osteophytic and low-grade articular cartilage chondrocytes are associated with extracellular matrix organization, skeletal system development, platelet aggregation and regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. Conclusion We present a first comprehensive view of the molecular landscape of chondrocytes from osteophytic cartilage as compared with articular cartilage chondrocytes from the same joints in OA. We found robust changes at genes relevant to chondrocyte function, providing insight into biological processes involved in osteophyte development and thus OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sahir Bhatnagar
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital of Athens, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew W McCaskie
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
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59
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60
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Panagopoulos PK, Lambrou GI. The Involvement of MicroRNAs in Osteoarthritis and Recent Developments: A Narrative Review. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2018; 29:67-79. [PMID: 32185303 PMCID: PMC7046075 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.29.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease and it may progressively cause disability and compromise quality of life. Lately, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OA has drawn a lot of attention. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding molecules of RNA which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. The dysregulation of the expression of several miRNAs affects pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OA and the implications on its diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: An extensive electronic literature search was conducted by two researchers from January 2008 to August 2017. Titles and abstracts of papers were screened by the authors for further inclusion in the present work. Finally, full texts of the selected articles were retrieved. Results: Abnormally expressed miRNAs enhance the production of cartilage degrading enzymes, inhibit the expression of cartilage matrix components, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines, facilitate chondrocyte apoptosis, suppress autophagy in chondrocytes and are involved in pain-related pathways. miRNAs are also incorporated in extra-cellular membranous vesicles such as exosomes and participate in the intercellular communication in osteoarthritic joints. Conclusion: Ongoing research on miRNAs has potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of OA. Their different levels in peripheral blood and synovial fluid between OA patients and healthy population makes them candidates for being used as biomarkers of the disease, while targeting miRNAs may be a novel therapeutic strategy in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis K Panagopoulos
- Postgraduate Program "Metabolic Bone Diseases", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- Postgraduate Program "Metabolic Bone Diseases", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW 'Omics' technologies developed for the massive analysis of the major biologically relevant molecules (genes, proteins, metabolites) have been applied to the study of osteoarthritis (OA) for more than a decade. RECENT FINDINGS 'Omics' studies have undoubtedly contributed to increase the knowledge on pathogenic processes related with OA and have provided hundreds to thousands of molecules that might have a putative biomarker utility for this disease. SUMMARY This review describes the most recent 'omics' studies in OA research, their conclusions, and discuss those remaining challenges. Still many validation studies must be performed in large and well-characterized cohorts for the translation of the findings from 'omics' strategies to clinical applications. The development of tools for the intelligent integration of 'omics' data with clinical and imaging information is also mandatory to take full profit of the work that has been already performed.
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Sun MMG, Beier F, Ratneswaran A. Nuclear receptors as potential drug targets in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:81-86. [PMID: 29626714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is amongst the major causes of disability worldwide, but no medications that can slow or stop progression of this disorder have been identified. Recent evidence suggests roles for a variety of members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors in various forms of osteoarthritis. Since nuclear receptors are amongst the major classes of drug targets, these studies suggest that modulators of nuclear receptor activity might provide novel strategies to treat osteoarthritis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role of nuclear receptors in osteoarthritis onset and progression, as well as their therapeutic implications. Future studies should continue to examine the possible roles of additional nuclear receptors in the pathophysiology of different types of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - Anusha Ratneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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63
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Casalone E, Tachmazidou I, Zengini E, Hatzikotoulas K, Hackinger S, Suveges D, Steinberg J, Rayner NW, Wilkinson JM, Panoutsopoulou K, Zeggini E. A novel variant in GLIS3 is associated with osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:620-623. [PMID: 29436472 PMCID: PMC5890630 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease, but its genetic aetiology remains poorly characterised. To identify novel susceptibility loci for OA, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in individuals from the largest UK-based OA collections to date. METHODS We carried out a discovery GWAS in 5414 OA individuals with knee and/or hip total joint replacement (TJR) and 9939 population-based controls. We followed-up prioritised variants in OA subjects from the interim release of the UK Biobank resource (up to 12 658 cases and 50 898 controls) and our lead finding in operated OA subjects from the full release of UK Biobank (17 894 cases and 89 470 controls). We investigated its functional implications in methylation, gene expression and proteomics data in primary chondrocytes from 12 pairs of intact and degraded cartilage samples from patients undergoing TJR. RESULTS We detect a genome-wide significant association at rs10116772 with TJR (P=3.7×10-8; for allele A: OR (95% CI) 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98)), an intronic variant in GLIS3, which is expressed in cartilage. Variants in strong correlation with rs10116772 have been associated with elevated plasma glucose levels and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identify a novel susceptibility locus for OA that has been previously implicated in diabetes and glycaemic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Casalone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, IIGM, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- 5th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Daniel Suveges
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel William Rayner
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cibrián Uhalte E, Wilkinson JM, Southam L, Zeggini E. Pathways to understanding the genomic aetiology of osteoarthritis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R193-R201. [PMID: 28977450 PMCID: PMC5886472 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common, complex disease with no curative therapy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on disease aetiopathogenesis and outline genetics and genomics approaches that are helping catalyse a much-needed improved understanding of the biological underpinning of disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cibrián Uhalte
- Human Genetics and Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jeremy Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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Timpson NJ, Greenwood CMT, Soranzo N, Lawson DJ, Richards JB. Genetic architecture: the shape of the genetic contribution to human traits and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:110-124. [PMID: 29225335 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic architecture describes the characteristics of genetic variation that are responsible for heritable phenotypic variability. It depends on the number of genetic variants affecting a trait, their frequencies in the population, the magnitude of their effects and their interactions with each other and the environment. Defining the genetic architecture of a complex trait or disease is central to the scientific and clinical goals of human genetics, which are to understand disease aetiology and aid in disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Recent technological advances have enabled genome-wide association studies and emerging next-generation sequencing studies to begin to decipher the nature of the heritable contribution to traits and disease. Here, we describe the types of genetic architecture that have been observed, how architecture can be measured and why an improved understanding of genetic architecture is central to future advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Daniel J Lawson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - J Brent Richards
- Departments of Human Genetics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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den Hollander W, Boer CG, Hart DJ, Yau MS, Ramos YFM, Metrustry S, Broer L, Deelen J, Cupples LA, Rivadeneira F, Kloppenburg M, Peters M, Spector TD, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Nelissen RGHH, Uitterlinden AG, Felson DT, Valdes AM, Meulenbelt I, van Meurs JJB. Genome-wide association and functional studies identify a role for matrix Gla protein in osteoarthritis of the hand. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:2046-2053. [PMID: 28855172 PMCID: PMC5788019 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and the leading cause of disability in the elderly. Of all the joints, genetic predisposition is strongest for OA of the hand; however, only few genetic risk loci for hand OA have been identified. Our aim was to identify novel genes associated with hand OA and examine the underlying mechanism. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of a quantitative measure of hand OA in 12 784 individuals (discovery: 8743, replication: 4011). Genome-wide significant signals were followed up by analysing gene and allele-specific expression in a RNA sequencing dataset (n=96) of human articular cartilage. RESULTS We found two significantly associated loci in the discovery set: at chr12 (p=3.5 × 10-10) near the matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene and at chr12 (p=6.1×10-9) near the CCDC91 gene. The DNA variant near the MGP gene was validated in three additional studies, which resulted in a highly significant association between the MGP variant and hand OA (rs4764133, Betameta=0.83, Pmeta=1.8*10-15). This variant is high linkage disequilibrium with a coding variant in MGP, a vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of cartilage calcification. Using RNA sequencing data from human primary cartilage tissue (n=96), we observed that the MGP RNA expression of the hand OA risk allele was significantly lowercompared with the MGP RNA expression of the reference allele (40.7%, p<5*10-16). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the association between the MGP variant and increased risk for hand OA is caused by a lower expression of MGP, which may increase the burden of hand OA by decreased inhibition of cartilage calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah J Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle S Yau
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David T Felson
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce J B van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Yau MS, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Duggan DJ, Renner JB, Hochberg MC, Mitchell BD, Jackson RD, Jordan JM. Genetic Determinants of Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in African Americans. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1652-1658. [PMID: 28916551 PMCID: PMC5668168 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of knee osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is complex and may differ by race or ethnicity. In recent years, genetic studies have identified many genetic variants associated with OA, but nearly all the studies were conducted in European whites and Asian Americans. Few studies have focused on the genetics of knee OA in African Americans. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of radiographic knee OA in 1217 African Americans from 2 North American cohort studies: 590 subjects from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project and 627 subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Analyses were conducted in each cohort separately and combined in an inverse variance fixed effects metaanalysis, which were then included in pathway analyses. We additionally tested 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with OA in European white populations for association in African Americans. RESULTS We identified a genome-wide significant variant in LINC01006 (minor allele frequency 12%; p = 4.11 × 10-9) that is less common in European white populations (minor allele frequency < 3%). Five other independent loci reached suggestive significance (p < 1 × 10-6). In pathway analyses, dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning and iron ion transport pathways were significantly associated with knee OA in African Americans (false discovery rate < 0.05). We found no evidence that previously reported OA susceptibility variants in European whites were associated with knee OA in African Americans. CONCLUSION These results highlight differences in the genetic architecture of knee OA between African American and European whites. This finding underscores the need to include more diverse populations in OA genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Liu
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Michelle S Yau
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina.
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - David J Duggan
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Jordan B Renner
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- From the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, and the Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Y. Liu, PhD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina; M.S. Yau, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; L.M. Yerges-Armstrong, PhD, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; D.J. Duggan, PhD, Translational Genomics Research Institute; J.B. Renner, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina; M.C. Hochberg, MD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, and the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; B.D. Mitchell, PhD, MPH, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; R.D. Jackson, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University; J.M. Jordan, MD, MPH, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, and Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina
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Yau MS, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Liu Y, Lewis CE, Duggan DJ, Renner JB, Torner J, Felson DT, McCulloch CE, Kwoh CK, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC, Mitchell BD, Jordan JM, Jackson RD. Genome-Wide Association Study of Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis in North American Caucasians. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:343-351. [PMID: 27696742 DOI: 10.1002/art.39932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major barrier to genetic studies of osteoarthritis (OA) is the need to obtain large numbers of individuals with standardized radiographic evaluations for OA. To address this gap, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of radiographically defined tibiofemoral knee OA in 3,898 cases and 3,168 controls from 4 well-characterized North American cohorts, and we performed replication analysis of previously reported OA loci. METHODS We performed meta-analysis using a 2-stage design. Stage 1 (discovery) consisted of a GWAS meta-analysis of radiographic knee OA carried out in the Osteoarthritis Initiative and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. Knee OA was defined as definite osteophytes and possible joint space narrowing or total joint replacement in one or both knees. Stage 2 (validation) was performed in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Genetics of Osteoarthritis study. We genotyped lead meta-analysis variants (P ≤ 1 × 10-4 ) from stage 1 and tested the association between these variants and knee OA. We then combined results from all cohorts in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Lead variants from stage 1, representing 49 unique loci, were analyzed in stage 2; none met genome-wide significance in the combined analysis of stage 1 and stage 2. We validated 1 locus (rs4867568 near LSP1P3) with nominal significance (P < 0.05), which was also our top finding in the combined meta-analysis (odds ratio [OR] 0.84 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.79-0.91], P = 3.02 × 10-6 ). We observed nominally significant associations (P < 0.05) with 3 previously reported OA loci: rs143383 in GDF5 (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.04-1.21], P = 2.13 × 10-3 ), rs835487 in CHST11 (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.85-0.99], P = 0.03), and rs8044769 in FTO (OR 1.10 [95% CI 1.03-1.19], P = 6.13 × 10-3 ). CONCLUSION These findings provide suggestive evidence of a novel knee OA locus and confirm previously reported associations in GDF5, CHST11, and FTO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David J Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | - David T Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Marc C Hochberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore
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Chu M, Zhu X, Wang C, Rong J, Wang Y, Wang S, Xing B, Tao Y, Zhuang X, Jiang L. The rs4238326 polymorphism in ALDH1A2 gene potentially associated with non-post traumatic knee osteoarthritis susceptibility: a two-stage population-based study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1062-1067. [PMID: 28089900 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent genome-wide association study reported significant associations of genetic variants within the ALDH1A2 gene with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand in European populations. However, these findings have not been well generalized to other joints, or to other populations. METHODS We performed a two-stage population-based case-control study including 196 non-post traumatic knee OA cases and 442 controls in the first stage and independent 143 non-post traumatic knee OA cases and 238 controls in the second stage in a Chinese population by genotyping eight tagging polymorphisms in ALDH1A2. RESULTS In the first stage, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4238326 was found to be potentially associated with knee OA risk (additive model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.49-1.01; P = 0.055), which was further confirmed in the second stage with similar effect (additive model: OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.38-0.95; P = 0.029). After combining the two stages, we found that the variant C allele of rs4238326 was probably associated with decreased risk of knee OA (additive model: OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.49-0.86; P = 0.003). Furthermore, interaction analyses showed that rs4238326 interacted multiplicatively with age to contribute to knee OA risk (interaction P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the SNP rs4238326 in ALDH1A2 gene may potentially modify individual susceptibility to knee OA in the Chinese population. Beyond that, further studies are warranted to validate and extend our findings, and future functional studies are required to clarify the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - C Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - J Rong
- Second Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - S Wang
- Second Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - B Xing
- Hongqi Community Health Service Center, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Y Tao
- Department of Health Education, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - X Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Panoutsopoulou K, Thiagarajah S, Zengini E, Day-Williams AG, Ramos YFM, Meessen JMTA, Huetink K, Nelissen RGHH, Southam L, Rayner NW, Doherty M, Meulenbelt I, Zeggini E, Wilkinson JM. Radiographic endophenotyping in hip osteoarthritis improves the precision of genetic association analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1199-1206. [PMID: 27974301 PMCID: PMC5530347 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) has a strong genetic component but the success of previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been restricted due to insufficient sample sizes and phenotype heterogeneity. Our aim was to examine the effect of clinically relevant endophenotyping according to site of maximal joint space narrowing (maxJSN) and bone remodelling response on GWAS signal detection in hip OA. METHODS A stratified GWAS meta-analysis was conducted in 2118 radiographically defined hip OA cases and 6500 population-based controls. Signals were followed up by analysing differential expression of proximal genes for bone remodelling endophenotypes in 33 pairs of macroscopically intact and OA-affected cartilage. RESULTS We report suggestive evidence (p<5×10-6) of association at 6 variants with OA endophenotypes that would have been missed by using presence of hip OA as the disease end point. For example, in the analysis of hip OA cases with superior maxJSN versus cases with non-superior maxJSN we detected association with a variant in the LRCH1 gene (rs754106, p=1.49×10-7, OR (95% CIs) 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80)). In the comparison of hypertrophic with non-hypertrophic OA the most significant variant was located between STT3B and GADL1 (rs6766414, p=3.13×10-6, OR (95% CIs) 1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)). Both of these associations were fully attenuated in non-stratified analyses of all hip OA cases versus population controls (p>0.05). STT3B was significantly upregulated in OA-affected versus intact cartilage, particularly in the analysis of hypertrophic and normotrophic compared with atrophic bone remodelling pattern (p=4.2×10-4). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that stratification of OA cases into more homogeneous endophenotypes can identify genes of potential functional importance otherwise obscured by disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shankar Thiagarajah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- 5th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aaron G Day-Williams
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yolande FM Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer MTA Meessen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Huetink
- Department of Orthopaedics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lorraine Southam
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - N William Rayner
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Barreto G, Sandelin J, Salem A, Nordström DC, Waris E. Toll-like receptors and their soluble forms differ in the knee and thumb basal osteoarthritic joints. Acta Orthop 2017; 88:326-333. [PMID: 28093922 PMCID: PMC5434604 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1281058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Although the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood, chondrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses (triggered by the activation of innate immune receptors by damage-associated molecules) are thought to be involved. We examined the relationship between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and OA in cartilage from 2 joints differing in size and mechanical loading: the first carpometacarpal (CMC-I) and the knee. Patients and methods - Samples of human cartilage obtained from OA CMC-I and knee joints were immunostained for TLRs (1-9) and analyzed using histomorphometry and principal component analysis (PCA). mRNA expression levels were analyzed with RT-PCR. Collected synovial fluid (SF) samples were screened for the presence of soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results - In contrast to knee OA, TLR expression in CMC-I OA did not show grade-dependent overall profile changes, but PCA revealed that TLR expression profiles clustered according to their cellular compartment organization. Protein levels of TLR4 were substantially higher in knee OA than in CMC-I OA, while the opposite was the case at the mRNA level. ELISA assays confirmed the presence of soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 in SF, with sTLR4 being considerably higher in CMC-I OA than in knee OA. Interpretation - We observed that TLRs are differentially expressed in OA cartilage, depending on the joint. Soluble forms of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected for the first time in SF of osteoarthritic joints, with soluble TLR4 being differentially expressed. Together, our results suggest that negative regulatory mechanisms of innate immunity may be involved in the pathomolecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo Barreto
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki;,ORTON Orthopaedic Institute of the Invalid Foundation;,Correspondence:
| | | | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki;,Institute of Dentistry, Clinicum, University of Helsinki
| | - Dan C Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital
| | - Eero Waris
- Department of Hand Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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72
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Whole-genome sequencing identifies rare genotypes in COMP and CHADL associated with high risk of hip osteoarthritis. Nat Genet 2017; 49:801-805. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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73
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van Meurs JBJ. Osteoarthritis year in review 2016: genetics, genomics and epigenetics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:181-189. [PMID: 28100422 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of last year's publications in the field of genetics, genomics and epigenetics in the osteoarthritis (OA) field. Major themes arising from a Pubmed search on (epi)genetics in OA were identified. In addition, general developments in the fast evolving field of (epi)genetics are reviewed and relevance for the OA field is summarized. In the last 5 years, a number of genome-wide association studies have identified a modest number of genetic loci associated to OA. Continued functional research into these DNA variants is showing putative biological mechanisms underlying these associations. Over the last year, no additional large genome-wide association studies were published, but there clearly remains much to be discovered in the OA genetic field. A lot of research has been done into the epigenetics of OA over the last year. Several genome-wide screens examining the methylome of osteoarthritic cartilage were done. Pathway analysis confirmed deregulation of developmental and extracellular pathways in OA cartilage. Over the last year many microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified that potentially play important roles in cartilage homeostasis and/or OA process. Continued research will learn whether these identified miRNAs are truly causal and can be used in clinical applications. Many of the epigenetic findings need further confirmation, but they highlight potential novel pathways involved in cartilage biology and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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75
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Warner SC, Valdes AM. Genetic association studies in osteoarthritis: is it fairytale? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:103-109. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are different diseases, with differences in risk factors, bone mineral density (BMD), BMI, phenotype, morbidity and mortality. We review new data on the role of bone metabolism in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The insights in the common convergent and divergent risk factors between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis have resulted in new findings on the role of BMD, BMI, falls, genetics and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of both diseases and on the increased fracture risk in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The relation between BMD, BMI and fracture risk in osteoarthritis is dependent on the stage, definition and location of the osteoarthritis and method of BMD measurement. It has been suggested that osteoarthritis should be further specified in terms of bone involvement. SUMMARY These new findings open the way to better understand the bone subtypes of osteoarthritis (osteoporotic, bone forming and erosive) and the common and different ways bone is involved in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Much can be expected from further prospective studies, when taking into account the heterogeneous nature of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
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78
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Reynard LN, Ratnayake M, Santibanez-Koref M, Loughlin J. Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Susceptibility Mapping to CHST11-A Bioinformatics and Molecular Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159024. [PMID: 27391021 PMCID: PMC4938163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs835487 is associated with hip osteoarthritis (OA) at the genome-wide significance level and is located within CHST11, which codes for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11. This enzyme post-translationally modifies proteoglycan prior to its deposition in the cartilage extracellular matrix. Using bioinformatics and experimental analyses, our aims were to characterise the rs835487 association signal and to identify the causal functional variant/s. Database searches revealed that rs835487 resides within a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of only 2.7 kb and is in LD (r2 ≥ 0.8) with six other SNPs. These are all located within intron 2 of CHST11, in a region that has predicted enhancer activity and which shows a high degree of conservation in primates. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that of the seven SNPs, rs835487 and rs835488, which have a pairwise r2 of 0.962, are the top functional candidates; the haplotype composed of the OA-risk conferring G allele of rs835487 and the corresponding T allele of rs835488 (the G-T haplotype) demonstrated significantly different enhancer activity relative to the haplotype composed of the non-risk A allele of rs835487 and the corresponding C allele of rs835488 (the A-C haplotype) (p < 0.001). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershifts identified several transcription factors that bind more strongly to the risk-conferring G and T alleles of the two SNPs, including SP1, SP3, YY1 and SUB1. CHST11 was found to be upregulated in OA versus non-OA cartilage (p < 0.001) and was expressed dynamically during chondrogenesis. Its expression in adult cartilage did not however correlate with rs835487 genotype. Our data demonstrate that the OA susceptibility is mediated by differential protein binding to the alleles of rs835487 and rs835488, which are located within an enhancer whose target may be CHST11 during chondrogenesis or an alternative gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise N. Reynard
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Madhushika Ratnayake
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Steinberg J, Zeggini E. Functional genomics in osteoarthritis: Past, present, and future. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1105-10. [PMID: 27176659 PMCID: PMC4980743 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common complex disease of high public health burden. OA is characterized by the degeneration of affected joints leading to pain and reduced mobility. Over the last few years, several studies have focused on the genomic changes underpinning OA. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genome-wide, non-hypothesis-driven functional genomics (methylation, gene, and protein expression) studies of knee and hip OA in humans. Individual studies have generally been limited in sample size and hence power, and have differed in their approaches; nonetheless, some common themes have started to emerge, notably the role played by biological processes related to the extracellular matrix, immune response, the WNT pathway, angiogenesis, and skeletal development. Larger-scale studies and streamlined, robust methodologies will be needed to further elucidate the biological etiology of OA going forward. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1105-1110, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeCB10 1HHUnited Kingdom
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80
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Reynard LN. Analysis of genetics and DNA methylation in osteoarthritis: What have we learnt about the disease? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:57-66. [PMID: 27130636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease characterised by the destruction of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation and bone remodelling. Disease aetiology is complex and highly heritable, with genetic variation estimated to contribute to 50% of OA occurrence. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation changes, have also been implicated in OA pathophysiology. This review examines what genetic and DNA methylation studies have taught us about the genes and pathways involved in OA pathology. The influence of DNA methylation on the molecular mechanisms underlying OA genetic risk and the consequence of this interaction on disease susceptibility and penetrance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise N Reynard
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Taipale M, Jakkula E, Kämäräinen OP, Gao P, Skarp S, Barral S, Kiviranta I, Kröger H, Ott J, Wei GH, Ala-Kokko L, Männikkö M. Targeted re-sequencing of linkage region on 2q21 identifies a novel functional variant for hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:655-63. [PMID: 26603474 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants predisposing to primary hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a sample of Finnish families. METHODS Genome wide analysis was performed using 15 independent families (279 individuals) originating from Central Finland identified as having multiple individuals with primary hip and/or knee OA. Targeted re-sequencing was performed for three samples from one 33-member, four-generation family contributing most significantly to the LOD score. In addition, exome sequencing was performed in three family members from the same family. RESULTS Genome wide linkage analysis identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 2q21 with a multipoint LOD score of 3.91. Targeted re-sequencing and subsequent linkage analysis revealed a susceptibility insertion variant rs11446594. It locates in a predicted strong enhancer element region with maximum LOD score 3.42 under dominant model of inheritance. Insertion creates a recognition sequence for ELF3 and HMGA1 transcription factors. Their DNA-binding affinity is highly increased in the presence of A-allele compared to wild type null allele. CONCLUSION A potentially novel functional OA susceptibility variant was identified by targeted re-sequencing. This variant locates in a predicted regulatory site and creates a recognition sequence for ELF3 and HMGA1 transcription factors that are predicted to play a significant role in articular cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taipale
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Jakkula
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O-P Kämäräinen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Gao
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - S Skarp
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Barral
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - I Kiviranta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G-H Wei
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - L Ala-Kokko
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - M Männikkö
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Kinetic characterization and regulation of the human retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 enzyme during production of retinoic acid. Biochem J 2016; 473:1423-31. [PMID: 27001866 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of embryogenesis and tissue homoeostasis. Perturbation of RA signalling causes developmental disorders, osteoarthritis, schizophrenia and several types of tumours. RA is produced by oxidation of retinaldehyde from vitamin A. The main enzyme producing RA in the early embryo is retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2, ALDH1A2). In the present study we describe in depth the kinetic properties and regulation of the human RALDH2 (hRALDH2) enzyme. We show that this enzyme produces RA using in vivo and in vitro assays. We studied the naturally occurring all-trans-, 9-cis- and 13-cis-retinaldehyde isomers as substrates of hRALDH2. Based on the values measured for the Michaelis-Menten constant Km and the maximal rate Vmax, in vitro hRALDH2 displays the same catalytic efficiency for their oxidation. We characterized two known inhibitors of the vertebrate RALDH2 and determined their kinetic parameters on hRALDH2. In addition, RA was studied as a possible inhibitor of hRALDH2 and a regulator of its activity. We show that hRALDH2 is not inhibited by its oxidation product, all-trans-RA, suggesting the absence of a negative feedback regulatory loop. Expression of the Raldh2 gene is known to be regulated by RA itself, suggesting that the main regulation of the hRALDH2 activity level is transcriptional.
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Bomer N, den Hollander W, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Translating genomics into mechanisms of disease: Osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 29:683-91. [PMID: 27107506 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related arthritic disorder and is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) content and surface disruptions that range from fibrillation, clefting and delamination, leading to articular surface erosion. Worldwide, over 20% of the population is affected with OA and 80% of these patients have limitations in movement, whereas 25% experience inhibition in major daily activities of life. OA is the most common disabling arthritic disease; nevertheless, no disease-modifying treatment is available except for the expensive total joint replacement surgery at end-stage disease. Lack of insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OA has considerably contributed to the inability of the scientific community to develop disease-modifying drugs. To overcome this critical barrier, focus should be on translation of identified robust gene deviations towards the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Gee F, Rushton MD, Loughlin J, Reynard LN. Correlation of the osteoarthritis susceptibility variants that map to chromosome 20q13 with an expression quantitative trait locus operating on NCOA3 and with functional variation at the polymorphism rs116855380. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016. [PMID: 26211391 PMCID: PMC4832313 DOI: 10.1002/art.39278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To functionally characterize the osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility variants that map to a region of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) on chromosome 20q13 marked by the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6094710 and encompassing NCOA3 and SULF2. Methods Nucleic acids were extracted from the cartilage of OA patients. Overall and allelic expression of NCOA3 and SULF2 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing, respectively. The functional effect of SNPs within the 20q13 locus was assessed in vitro using luciferase reporter constructs and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). The in vivo effect of nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) protein depletion on primary human OA articular cartilage chondrocytes was assessed using RNA interference. Results Expression of NCOA3 correlated with the genotype at rs6094710 (P = 0.006), and the gene demonstrated allelic expression imbalance (AEI) in individuals heterozygous for the SNP (mean AEI 1.21; P < 0.0001). In both instances, expression of the OA‐associated allele was reduced. In addition, there was reduced enhancer activity of the OA‐associated allele of rs116855380, a SNP in perfect LD with rs6094710 in luciferase assays (P < 0.001). EMSAs demonstrated a protein complex binding with reduced affinity to this allele. Depletion of NCOA3 led to significant changes (all P < 0.05) in the expression of genes involved in cartilage homeostasis. Conclusion NCOA3 is subject to a cis‐acting expression quantitative trait locus in articular cartilage, which correlates with the OA association signal and with the OA‐associated allele of the functional SNP rs116855380, a SNP that is located only 10.3 kb upstream of NCOA3. These findings elucidate the effect of the association of the 20q13 region on OA cartilage and provide compelling evidence of a potentially causal candidate SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gee
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants. Nat Genet 2015; 48:134-43. [PMID: 26691988 PMCID: PMC4745342 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1020] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly with limited therapeutic options. Here, we report on a study of >12 million variants including 163,714 directly genotyped, most rare, protein-altering variant. Analyzing 16,144 patients and 17,832 controls, we identify 52 independently associated common and rare variants (P < 5×10–8) distributed across 34 loci. While wet and dry AMD subtypes exhibit predominantly shared genetics, we identify the first signal specific to wet AMD, near MMP9 (difference-P = 4.1×10–10). Very rare coding variants (frequency < 0.1%) in CFH, CFI, and TIMP3 suggest causal roles for these genes, as does a splice variant in SLC16A8. Our results support the hypothesis that rare coding variants can pinpoint causal genes within known genetic loci and illustrate that applying the approach systematically to detect new loci requires extremely large sample sizes.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Powerful association studies have identified a number of genetic signals that can be confidently judged as associated with osteoarthritis. Efforts have continued to discover new loci, whilst functional studies are being applied to assess which genes are the likely targets of the risk-conferring alleles. The study of epigenetics has highlighted an interaction between osteoarthritis genetics and DNA methylation. This review will summarize some of the recent key studies in osteoarthritis genetics, including functional and epigenetic analyses. Recent findings Several novel osteoarthritis susceptibility loci have been reported recently, including the regulatory genes NCOA3 and ALDH1A2. Functional analyses of these genes and of others reported previously support earlier suggestions that osteoarthritis susceptibility is principally mediated by modulations to gene expression. DNA methylation analyses provide additional insights into the osteoarthritis disease process, at both a genome-wide level and when investigating direct interactions with risk-conferring alleles. Summary Osteoarthritis genetic risk predominantly acts by modulating gene expression, an effect typically mediated via transcriptional regulation. Effects on various pathways have been detected, including cell differentiation and cartilage homeostasis. The continued identification of risk loci, their functional study, and the unification of genetic and epigenetic analyses will be key themes in the future.
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87
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Shepherd C, Skelton AJ, Rushton MD, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Expression analysis of the osteoarthritis genetic susceptibility locus mapping to an intron of the MCF2L gene and marked by the polymorphism rs11842874. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:108. [PMID: 26584642 PMCID: PMC4653905 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful, debilitating disease characterised by loss of articular cartilage with concurrent changes in other tissues of the synovial joint. Genetic association studies have shown that a number of common variants increase the risk of developing OA. Investigating their activity can uncover novel causal pathways and potentially highlight new treatment targets. One of the reported OA association signals is marked by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11842874 at chromosome 13q34. rs11842874 is positioned within a small linkage disequilibrium (LD) block within intron 4 of MCF2L, a gene encoding guanine-nucleotide exchange factor DBS. There are no non-synonymous SNPs that correlate with this association signal and we therefore set out to assess whether its effect on OA susceptibility is mediated by alteration of MCF2L expression. Methods Nucleic acid was extracted from cartilage, synovial membrane or infrapatellar fat pad tissues from OA patients. Expression of MCF2L was measured by quantitative PCR and RNA-sequencing whilst the presence of DBS was studied using immunohistochemistry. The functional effect of SNPs within the 13q34 locus was assessed using public databases and in vitro using luciferase reporter analysis. Results MCF2L gene and protein expression are detectable in joint tissues, with quantitative differences in the expression of the gene and in the transcript isoforms expressed between the tissues tested. There is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) operating within synovial membrane tissue, with possession of the risk-conferring A allele of rs11842874 correlating with increased MCF2L expression. SNPs within the rs11842874 LD block reside within transcriptional regulatory elements and their direct analysis reveals that several show quantitative differences in regulatory activity at the allelic level. Conclusions MCF2L is subject to a cis-acting eQTL in synovial membrane that correlates with the OA association signal. This signal contains several functional SNPs that could account for the susceptibility and which therefore merit further investigation. As far as we are aware, this is the first example of an OA susceptibility locus operating as an eQTL in synovial membrane tissue but not in cartilage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0254-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Shepherd
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. .,Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 2nd floor, William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Michael D Rushton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Louise N Reynard
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Catherine Cookson Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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88
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Rogers EL, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. The role of inflammation-related genes in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1933-8. [PMID: 26521739 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review article we examine the role of inflammation-related genes in osteoarthritis (OA) from the perspective of genetics, epigenetics and gene expression. There have been great strides in such genomic analyses of OA in recent years thanks to the study of adequately powered patient cohorts, the detailed analysis of candidate genes, and the application of genome-wide approaches. These have led to some unexpected and therefore exciting discoveries, implicating pathways that would not necessarily have been predicted to have a role in this common arthritis. Inflammatory-related genes sit firmly in the candidate camp based on prior observations that the OA disease process can have an inflammatory component. What is clear from the genetic studies published to date is that there is no compelling evidence that DNA variation in inflammatory genes is an OA risk factor. This conclusion may of course change as ever more powerful association studies are conducted. There is, however, compelling evidence that epigenetic effects involving inflammatory genes are a component of OA and that alteration in the expression of these genes is also highly relevant to the disease process. We may in fact be close to demonstrating, at the genomic level, a clear separation of OA patients into those in whom inflammation is a key driver of the disease and those in whom it is not. This has obvious implications for the design of trials of novel OA interventions and may also guide the intelligent re-purposing of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rogers
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L N Reynard
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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89
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Wiley GB, Kelly JA, Gaffney PM. Use of next-generation DNA sequencing to analyze genetic variants in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 16:490. [PMID: 25789374 PMCID: PMC4396863 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation DNA sequencing has revolutionized the field of genetics and genomics, providing researchers with the tools to efficiently identify novel rare and low frequency risk variants, which was not practical with previously available methodologies. These methods allow for the sequence capture of a specific locus or small genetic region all the way up to the entire six billion base pairs of the diploid human genome. Rheumatic diseases are a huge burden on the US population, affecting more than 46 million Americans. Those afflicted suffer from one or more of the more than 100 diseases characterized by inflammation and loss of function, mainly of the joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles. While genetics studies of many of these diseases (for example, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease) have had major successes in defining their genetic architecture, causal alleles and rare variants have still been elusive. This review describes the current high-throughput DNA sequencing methodologies commercially available and their application to rheumatic diseases in both case–control as well as family-based studies.
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90
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Rushton MD, Reynard LN, Young DA, Shepherd C, Aubourg G, Gee F, Darlay R, Deehan D, Cordell HJ, Loughlin J. Methylation quantitative trait locus analysis of osteoarthritis links epigenetics with genetic risk. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7432-44. [PMID: 26464490 PMCID: PMC4664171 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, painful and debilitating disease of articulating joints resulting from the age-associated loss of cartilage. Well-powered genetic studies have identified a number of DNA polymorphisms that are associated with OA susceptibility. Like most complex trait loci, these OA loci are thought to influence disease susceptibility through the regulation of gene expression, so-called expression quantitative loci, or eQTLs. One mechanism through which eQTLs act is epigenetic, by modulating DNA methylation. In such cases, there are quantitative differences in DNA methylation between the two alleles of the causal polymorphism, with the association signal referred to as a methylation quantitative trait locus, or meQTL. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the OA susceptibility loci identified to date are functioning as meQTLs by integrating genotype data with whole genome methylation data of cartilage DNA. We investigated potential genotype-methylation correlations within a 1.0-1.5 Mb region surrounding each of 16 OA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 99 cartilage samples and identified four that function as meQTLs. Three of these replicated in an additional cohort of up to 62 OA patients. These observations suggest that OA susceptibility loci regulate the level of DNA methylation in cis and provide a mechanistic explanation as to how these loci impact upon OA susceptibility, further increasing our understanding of the role of genetics and epigenetics in this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise N Reynard
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and
| | - David A Young
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and
| | - Colin Shepherd
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and
| | | | - Fiona Gee
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK and
| | - David Deehan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK and
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and,
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91
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Dai W, Lauter K, Kim M, Tang Y, Xiong H, Jiang X. HEALER: homomorphic computation of ExAct Logistic rEgRession for secure rare disease variants analysis in GWAS. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:211-8. [PMID: 26446135 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in discovering the association between genotypes and phenotypes. Human genome data contain valuable but highly sensitive information. Unprotected disclosure of such information might put individual's privacy at risk. It is important to protect human genome data. Exact logistic regression is a bias-reduction method based on a penalized likelihood to discover rare variants that are associated with disease susceptibility. We propose the HEALER framework to facilitate secure rare variants analysis with a small sample size. RESULTS We target at the algorithm design aiming at reducing the computational and storage costs to learn a homomorphic exact logistic regression model (i.e. evaluate P-values of coefficients), where the circuit depth is proportional to the logarithmic scale of data size. We evaluate the algorithm performance using rare Kawasaki Disease datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Download HEALER at http://research.ucsd-dbmi.org/HEALER/ CONTACT: shw070@ucsd.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenrui Dai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Miran Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea and
| | - Yuzhe Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Hongkai Xiong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
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92
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Thysen S, Luyten FP, Lories RJU. Targets, models and challenges in osteoarthritis research. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:17-30. [PMID: 25561745 PMCID: PMC4283647 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and represents one of the most common diseases worldwide. Its prevalence and severity are increasing owing to aging of the population, but treatment options remain largely limited to painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, which only provide symptomatic relief. In the late stages of the disease, surgical interventions are often necessary to partially restore joint function. Although the focus of osteoarthritis research has been originally on the articular cartilage, novel findings are now pointing to osteoarthritis as a disease of the whole joint, in which failure of different joint components can occur. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field, including data from novel ‘omics’ technologies and from a number of preclinical and clinical trials. We describe different in vitro and in vivo systems that can be used to study molecules, pathways and cells that are involved in osteoarthritis. We illustrate that a comprehensive and multisystem approach is necessary to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease and to better guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thysen
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik J U Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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93
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Chung MF, Chia WT, Wan WL, Lin YJ, Sung HW. Controlled Release of an Anti-inflammatory Drug Using an Ultrasensitive ROS-Responsive Gas-Generating Carrier for Localized Inflammation Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12462-5. [PMID: 26391111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with many diseases, in which activated inflammatory cells produce various reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2. This work proposes an ultrasensitive ROS-responsive hollow microsphere (HM) carrier that contains an anti-inflammatory drug, an acid precursor consisting of ethanol and FeCl2, and sodium bicarbonate (SBC) as a bubble-generating agent. In cases of inflamed osteoarthritis, the H2O2 at low concentration diffuses through the HMs to oxidize their encapsulated ethanol in the presence of Fe(2+) by the Fenton reaction, establishing an acidic milieu. In acid, SBC decomposes to form CO2 bubbles, disrupting the shell wall of the HMs and releasing the anti-inflammatory drug to the problematic site, eventually protecting against joint destruction. These results reveal that the proposed HMs may uniquely exploit biologically relevant concentrations of H2O2 and thus be used for the site-specific delivery of therapeutics in inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Tso Chia
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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94
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Abstract
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1200 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy ). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.
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95
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Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Implementation of Functional Genomics for Bench-to-Bedside Transition in Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 17:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-015-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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96
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Yazdi FT, Clee SM, Meyre D. Obesity genetics in mouse and human: back and forth, and back again. PeerJ 2015; 3:e856. [PMID: 25825681 PMCID: PMC4375971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern. This condition results from a constant and complex interplay between predisposing genes and environmental stimuli. Current attempts to manage obesity have been moderately effective and a better understanding of the etiology of obesity is required for the development of more successful and personalized prevention and treatment options. To that effect, mouse models have been an essential tool in expanding our understanding of obesity, due to the availability of their complete genome sequence, genetically identified and defined strains, various tools for genetic manipulation and the accessibility of target tissues for obesity that are not easily attainable from humans. Our knowledge of monogenic obesity in humans greatly benefited from the mouse obesity genetics field. Genes underlying highly penetrant forms of monogenic obesity are part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway in the hypothalamus. Recently, hypothesis-generating genome-wide association studies for polygenic obesity traits in humans have led to the identification of 119 common gene variants with modest effect, most of them having an unknown function. These discoveries have led to novel animal models and have illuminated new biologic pathways. Integrated mouse-human genetic approaches have firmly established new obesity candidate genes. Innovative strategies recently developed by scientists are described in this review to accelerate the identification of causal genes and deepen our understanding of obesity etiology. An exhaustive dissection of the molecular roots of obesity may ultimately help to tackle the growing obesity epidemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh T. Yazdi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne M. Clee
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Musumeci G, Aiello FC, Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castrogiovanni P, Mobasheri A. Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6093-112. [PMID: 25785564 PMCID: PMC4394521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a growing public health problem across the globe, affecting more than half of the over 65 population. In the past, OA was considered a wear and tear disease, leading to the loss of articular cartilage and joint disability. Nowadays, thanks to advancements in molecular biology, OA is believed to be a very complex multifactorial disease. OA is a degenerative disease characterized by “low-grade inflammation” in cartilage and synovium, resulting in the loss of joint structure and progressive deterioration of cartilage. Although the disease can be dependent on genetic and epigenetic factors, sex, ethnicity, and age (cellular senescence, apoptosis and lubricin), it is also associated with obesity and overweight, dietary factors, sedentary lifestyle and sport injuries. The aim of this review is to highlight how certain behaviors, habits and lifestyles may be involved in the onset and progression of OA and to summarize the principal risk factors involved in the development of this complicated joint disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flavia Concetta Aiello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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98
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Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Gonzalez A. Genética de la artrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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99
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Exome and Whole Genome Sequencing in Aging and Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 847:127-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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100
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Hartomo TB, Van Huyen Pham T, Yamamoto N, Hirase S, Hasegawa D, Kosaka Y, Matsuo M, Hayakawa A, Takeshima Y, Iijima K, Nishio H, Nishimura N. Involvement of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 in the regulation of cancer stem cell properties in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1089-98. [PMID: 25524880 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) into the current chemotherapy, more than half of high-risk neuroblastoma patients have experienced tumor relapses driven by chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can be isolated by their ability to grow as spheres. Although aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been used to characterize CSCs in certain cancers, ALDH remains elusive in neuroblastoma. In the present study, we determined ALDH activity and expression of its 19 isoforms in spheres and parental cells of neuroblastoma. ALDH activity and several ALDH isoforms were consistently induced in spheres of different neuroblastoma cells. While ALDH1A2, ALDH1L1 and ALDH3B2 expression was consistently induced in spheres and associated with the sphere and colony formation, only ALDH1A2 expression was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. ALDH1A2 expression was further associated with the growth and undifferentiation of neuroblastoma xenografts and the resistance of neuroblastoma cells to 13-cis-RA. These results suggest that ALDH1A2 is involved in the regulation of CSC properties in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Budi Hartomo
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Thi Van Huyen Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirase
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe 654-0081, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kosaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe 654-0081, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishimura
- Department of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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